P4.

Solve: + + − =

Solution: Given 3 +2 + 2 − =0 … 1

Comparing 1 with + = 0, we get

=3 +2 ; =2 −

= 12 + 2 ; = 6 −2
!

Since ≠ , 1 is not an exact equation

!

$ $
Now, % − &= *6 − 2 − 12 −2 +
! !' () !

$
= *−6 −4 +=−
!' ,) !

4
3 0 2 $
∴ Integrating factor =/ 0 1 2
= / 5 = '

$
Multiplying 1 with '
, we get

! !'
%3 + & + %2 − ' & =0 … 2

Comparing 2 with $ + $ = 0, we get

! !'
$ =3 + ; $ =2 − '

! !
4
=6 − '
; 4
=6 − '
!

Since 4
= 4
, (2) is an exact
!

x x ! !'
6= ∫ $ = ∫ %3 + & = +
 7 !'
=2 − '
and

7 !' !'
∅ = $− =2 − '
−2 + '
= 0 ⟹ 0∅ =0

Therefore, the general solution of 2 is 6 + 0 ∅ =:

!'
⟹ + = : ⟹ + − : = 0, where : is an arbitrary constant.