SUA A BOUL Eels CULV PCMSIO BAN RAL @APK OO/ FARK OODZiumumpp HegsankoB Dimitar Nedialkov Bb3XYUIHATA MOU HA GAPCTBO BbATAPIA AIR POWER OF THE KINGDOM OF BULGARIA Yacm III/Part IIT »@APK* OOD/FARK OOD Copus, 2001/Sofia, 2001Kieama e wadadena sodeswomo cadeiemaue w giunancosama nooxpena na Poxowodomao na exwyrunoma dauscerae Bowe wanososara cme ex om a apeus va 24 Haier es 3a k00m0 aomopam st Gaazodapu espoewo Juouerap Heasnxon BE3IVIIHATA MOUL HA HAPCTRO BBATAPHSL “ace IIL Brarapena spo wae Koneyrranr Haden ves Xyzoamn a xopmuara Mepui epee Pesarop Zoe Kpanona pene na atacon Thamap Cin Koumorspun o6paGorea Oc Huce peanesara nsreronxa Mano Fance esar ,OAPK OO, © Aworrsp Hesaos, asop 1 Mlarap Coun, apenox (© Mapai eps, xy2oxaon This part was published with the Kind assistance and financial support (of the Bulgarian Air Traffic Control Authority The Author Kindy hanks the Mr Nayden Dichev or his courtesy in supplying photographs archive Dimitar Nedialkov BULGARIAN AIR POWER Part Bulgarian Fit edition Consultant Naen Dicey Cover Art Mary Chernev itor Zoe Kracunove ‘ratlator Peer Shipp Computer Seting Onan Mev Print Production Mito Ganev Print by FARK OOD Dimitar Neiakon, Author © eter Skip, Translator Mariy Chee, Artist, oooBB3PAAIAHE HA BL3{YIIHATA MOLL HA WAPCTBO BBJITAPHA MEY JBETE CBETOBHH BOMHH THE REVIVAL OF BULGARIAN AIR POWER BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS Caex noumienaneto Ha 27 HoeMepu 1919 ra Heolexss noro80p 2anoxna parpopuaposavero na Brauyxowtaxaremara spysxma w xr ‘ccxoro JMR Ha NpoTHoaeponsaymiara aprisepis. Tost Hpouee Satpaina n span en aexennpu 1920. oF Dew ATI HoxpaaseTes ‘ocran a chnlerayna eaNo en9 BIAAYonaRETENO OTAENEHHE ¢ MATH ‘ooxo-nomeicnt yuu, mpwaatew0 KEM xGICAPMEPUETA HiTO KONE supe npocraveinxrriter-ierpeSres xanax Haat Mutation. B wero, 5 ‘nace sata rasponte Hoven, ca SASHeK GnarapeKITe AIK, 8 ua ysaemie b TTapoara cacronrianoia (1), Koa woaara erpyerypa cape ‘naien Aeponaaiaa paSoniuuuusa w AgpomTaiioT® Aen, paRELpHRT Ha Taporo ett wero — netmue Boxypue. C wapowa sanogea na 10 ant 1922 e 8 oraeaeanero ca ances ext Albartos” CI nexus DEW, (Ca, cawoner ocranant expint Or OTE Ha cHo2mHGeEKATa ROMO ostron [2] Manvo no-ructo anowba a ent exierBenT 2anapeH Grarapont wnpeGires Fokker” D-VI, na koro e wppsaana sexoprriata ‘ropa xaGun, 22 Ja npiaoGte mt Ha mpywecreN TpeNNpoNEH cavoreT ‘pex xoinpamrre opr a AWranraa,Tloxpanteseiero TpxGa a 1 ‘yao sat evonsia Gana 3a oparctane a yun HoTeM Ha ap feo Baap, Tpowccsr na wbaeravonmane va aryBemre nosmnun ce ‘nasa AOETATHINO eno NpOTHNAm KPO HeSaaFONITS 38 THPAS- naa eciyiapoia Geran in Yeront ia oosMrCKa pay ep es, Yew w Towa anpanaene He ce upanar Ha EOSHHMECRET WOH ‘pont rowncns, no wero Hacrosnane Ya 30 vapr 1922 r. Bastyxomasa reaoto orieaeiie saxpro. Ensa Mexsytaponiara wssayxonzasTenns ovens oF 1923 r. paspeuana exsmasanero Ha ORarapeno rpaxacKo boayxonanane. Ha Gavara a npueran or Haposworo cipanne 3axow 22 ruxayronamanero apes 1925 r. ce exitana JpeRiit Ha meaxyxonTanae- ro. Ki Wes aa ce Hes 69 ayn, or Kou 11 mnoTH, Casta ron tus Asnauronbora yume » Boaypite Mapua 1 mspanrrexeanoenen After Bulgaria signed the Neuilly Treaty on 27 November 1919, the Aeronautical Drujina was disbanded and anti-aircraft artillery ‘was dismantled, The process was complete by late December 1920. Of all Drujina strength, only one aeronautical Otdelenie for customs and police duties survived. Commanded by famous fighter pilot Kapitan (Captain) Ivan Milanoy, it comprised Bulgarian pilot veterans of the Great War as a way of salvaging experience [1], The new structure also incorporated the Aeroplane Workshop and Depot, now deployed to their former site at Bojurishte. A special order of| 10 April 1922 assigned an Albatros C-Ills and a D-EW. C-Va which had escaped Allied Control Commission seizure to the Otdelenie [2]. A while later the sole Bulgarian fighter to have escaped destruction, a Fokker D-VII with a decoy rear cockpit to make it Took like a twin-seat trainer, joined the Otdelenie, ‘The Aeronautical Otdelenie was intended to serve asthe basis for restoring Bulgarian ar potential. This recapturing of lost postions ‘was rendered most complex by the hostility surrounding Bulgaria, and by economic collapse within the country. And indeed, national efforts fell foul of the Allied Control Commission which insisted on the Aeronautical Otdelenie being disbanded on 30 March 1922. However, Bulgarian civil aviation was approved under the 1923 International Aeronautical Convention, An Aeronautics Administration (Direkcia na vazduhoplavaneto) was created under the 1925 Aeronauties Act. This had a staff of 69, of whom LI were pilots, The same year saw graduation of the first post-war intake of the Bojurishte Aviation School: ten pilots and five observers [3] 3sumyex or 10 nuiors w 5 naGmonarem [3]. Taxa na npaxa sanowa a ce ‘ripe. ea oT nal-nassore exer ua mI HOTMIUAL, cna ptko cxe Caparo Ha HOB KAZpH. rom pave caeunoene cra oewosen mpoGaew 2a ceimecroyes- ero sia abnaontire cTpyETYp# € waGananero ta AeraTe;Hm anapart, Tlonesero or saxynetnee or wyxGua 35 cavoera (or xo 2 xiupon i) [4] ca c aoMountsniratet, spemtasnasem ccHono 8 neATOTOREA tia GuaeuorTe antaxronta cnewameTH. EauneTReHO HSKTIOVCHNE NpaseT aroroperire or Opantun 6 entoworopn Guana ,Potez* XVII, eouro 98 penevo ct ca Hao cuepewessut Gofian cavoieTH 3a nenoepezcTHeNa smaiorma roapioeea wa Holextre MOTT 3a PeulaRUT KASTO YaApHN ‘axa n aaaas aa mayan panyaianane x dororpaupante » TaxruNece naiGowua, UuereHoro apacreane na caMoteTmNN apk e emEpsANO ¢He> rnin 38 expan dpacons paaxoat, Ero 2a NpaneTencTBOTO H snaurr Guarapens tap Bopue Il yweso wacoxwar yewntera na anna wuoro o6iecrso 8 cbanasane wa py BANE 3a HRONONIIEERITS 1 BO- cara wou a opanara xoMmoueT ~ caworeToerpoenero. Mars rr mameurara soipacrpyerypa m cbopeaceu, wa tenimte Boxypnnte ce Pemerpupa trapaoro w expaszra eaMoseTocpoNTeIMO NPespHATHC, HO ceuteexpossioro naspane .Jlypaanita aeponana paGoranunua (LAP). Ja oxnanu xonerpyxtopceia xonexram e noxanen wx. Xepwan! Briep, ono aaenHo eve enoure repuaucis H Grarapern croustxwt sao¥sa onepexoro ex 0. a 16 aoewpn 1925 r-oF maitop Mapxo Txpeanios ¢ oGerm yse6- nospenposrsuaer V-I (,Yyon-I") mane Gharapern canoser,s810- sre 3a te HporMedeH Ho NIYETPHNEH HAW CSE COBETHEIN CNH pect Ha Gharapexara sspacana. Hoyo wero ua SarMn mOT au Yoynon, saunazara nanoaoGasa 206pe nosmamis or Typsara ceeros- ‘na pofa DEW. C.¥a, moe 2a Hoon Gopioso (2 caprestnnt) 1 oxaADaeM0 opixenme (180 kg Gown) i warap Aa e npesvasiasen sa oGy¥enne Ha ori wa6ronaresne nanpesnaa noarorouka, €monena Goi emt- ra (5). Sunoxenaa noch ¢ rom eTySHaNcepus OF 7 case ‘ra norwbpoRiasa pasverive, se npowposcruoro Ha cawaseTh oF Tos ac € "marreaio no-aroavo 84 posnoro myxor.zanate. Toa ax apa OHO rae ome upes 1925 r,Jlopaasnara aeporsaisa paGoriuaoia a 3aH0t epi or 12 JIAP-I — ipara e nareionaa Gxarapera koenpy= [6]. CCaex yencamioro oGiiraie w npesagate na osu yeGaut caNONeTH PES 1926 r npeanpusero sanowa wspaGorsanero wa now 12 yaeGH0-Colt anni € yausonazoro osravente [UAP-2,rowro ex kone na Albatros* "Te euiio Morar fa HooaT syopracenne ia ns pea Golan ‘Thus the formation of a trained cadre — one of the most important and time-intensive elements of air power — did begin anew. “The major problem for aviation structures in the early post- war years was how to obtain aeroplanes. While 35 machines (including two seaplanes) were indeed bought from abroad [4], most had small engines and were suitable only for training. Exceptional among them were six single-engined Potez XVIIs bought from France: modern close-support aeroplanes able to deliver strikes or reconnoitre and photograph enemy objectives at tactical depth. ‘The growth of the aircraft fleet was associated with disproportionate expense for Bulgaria's meagre resources. Therefore, the government and the young Tsar Boris III directed efforts 10 creating another important component of national economic and military power: aeroplane manufacture. The nation’s first such facility used existing infrastructure and equipment at Bojurishte, and bore the modest name Darjavna Aeroplanna Raborilnica — DAR (Ghe National Aeroplane Workshops). Ing. Herman Winter was invited from Germany to head up the design team, and brought with him some compatriots ‘On 16 November 1925 Mayor (Major) Marko Parvanov test- flew the first aeroplane designed to be produced indigenously: the ‘U-1 (Uzunov-1) trainer. Named the after war hero Ivan Uzunov, it ‘was similar to the wartime D.FW. C-Va, and could carry two machine-guns and up t0 180 kilos of stores. Though intended for advanced pilot and observer training, it was fully combat capable [5] ‘A batch of seven production examples was laid down and produced, confirming expectations that indigenous manufacture could produce reat savings for aircraft of this class. Officially designated the DAR-I they were Bulgaria's first patented aeroplane design [6]. After successful testing and delivery ofthe new training machines in 1926, the batch was immediately followed by a further one for 12 DAR-2s— ‘copies of the Albatros C-IIl, While intended for taining staff for the new aviation structure, these could also carry armaments and fly in combat.Seam, no ocraa €ceHoowo npesmasrayeHne 34 noaroToBEara Ha agp 2a nye Ha paarpetaara ce eHeTeva ia aH ePSKTYpa Hesemaconeure yee 90 Yeas Ha cao Nap Hoa sar a 2a on mmyex tent yeneuno a asp o6yremeo ot Ha erste Boye cn CTE Ea eT, KOTO. APAIATER Jumoxarveccne mpexeTanimen a noetara w Tossa pon AN ara. Jah ce nple ve vac MocTAOANeTO MENA torent na spare, tpanimencToro mea pewenbe a peer AC onaimoro yeuae Kaus, nero ce eta HeoCNGNra {pcre erp ro ec aE ECPOT Honara 19371 eno e vara aaa cx 34 mayxo- suupasero» Haperoo Buarapun. 3anowa opraupanero ta 6urapeao !xionepno apyncerao ws misty tpancnopr BYHABAJLwoevo was enogen peer ma aint noanpocero na myn nom oF Coda so Pye, Baa Bypac. 3 era ca nocanoa na onaacen caer “Junker T-13, ono ome essa rg ea vom pon noe {7} Hapaciane muawoxnocr spony Texncxs ea uaa ‘ompoutar hasabae0 Ha Ane KOMOHENTH He GMO Fp {, no soci sce Twa cap Cop a nonzero (at “For” D VI cu stl Lucier” n venspa yeti eavonera APD, Touaporemo (651), pasyatnsreano (6 Peter” XVID) a aepocra corsa cmt cern Ganon, Jenna pains Ts opsdponaa ‘outecraynar kav enoprao,spancnopr nomex sro [8]. Ocbe Toma ce noutnpaa ososerane al (ep Baa) cava naponsa— ATO S22" Macs 82000 pew ce WoRpmay waar Ha apa Sxarapemnnosoeanoner, kverpyupan or Arata Tparopon (9 Tipe cerenop 1927 rae oF anaxvoMTe aca pMAe¥e 98 yacni'n ecenor0 sayerpanho yee a Gharapenara aps, ROET € impnara nowoGna enetoemtanposa. restate ane SOT unt Gowourra cyxpar or kowrpasmara now 10sbexpawon Sonu eoaeneT mrs paryaranane orerpupave (10) Ons jornparrimecnoro novotaane Hs avant Kove pan He6- Xeiwocrr or pop meme pase na poexoara ana 883 Sura na xoncrpprropomixnacin »LAP ~ Boxypuie roa anpanne te. Sanome YeDenpmevereanero na coomaseune exe HAP, 388 oe npenspuem ruaoueta Gia sauna c ateraret Gost notes py wn OFMpopeNNTS ea NAN, STATEMENT "a nparuonanareboeTo oépasoani ms Bosoro wa Heron Bense- no ye, xeT0 3a nosy HeoGxoBAE HAG Hosa, BPETO © “These efforts to increase the air fleet saw the second and third intakes of airmen successfully complete their training. Bojurishte Airfield was an active place and a constant irritant to diplomatic representatives of the former Entente powers. To conceal the restoration of national air potential, if only partially, the government moved the Aeroplane School to Kazanluk, where the necessary infrastructure was laid down, and where a branch ofthe Czechoslovak ‘Avia aeroplane maker also opened. ‘The new 1927 also brought many developments for Bulgarian aviation, Preparations began for a Bulgarian limited liability airline ‘company, BUNAVAD, which aimed to ly scheduled routes between Sofia, Varna and Burgas. Two Junkers F-13 airliners were delivered ‘and flew proving flights during the year [7] Improved opportunities, and inborn Bulgarian technical aptitude also led to the creation of, air units of military, as well as civil, significance. These were three ‘Combined Yatos (Squadrons): a Hunting Yaio (one Fokker D VI, ‘one Bristol Lucifer, and four DAR-1 trainers), a Bombing Yaro (six U-1s), and a Reconnaissance Yato (six Potez XVIs). Officially, they were known as the Sports, Transport, and Postal Yaros [8]. Apart from this, the Chayka Seaplane Station near Vama was operating two Avro 522s and a Macchi 18/2000. The Station was also used for tests of Bulgaria's first seaplane designed by Atanas Grigorov [9] In September 1927 two of the Yaros took part inthe bipartisan Bulgarian Army autumn manoeuvres: the first such exercise since the Great War, Tasks included bombing using ten kilo bombs which hhad been concealed from the Allied Control Commission, as well as aerial reconnaissance and photography [10]. Experience gained from this test of the air component revealed the need to give priority to military aviation and marshal the DAR-Bojurishte design team accordingly. The newly-created DAR-3 was thus subjected to ‘modernisation with a view to turning it into a modern combat ‘machine with adequate potential. Another conclusion from the autumn manoeuvres was that aviators were to be trained at His “Majesty's Military School, where they would acquire much needed appreciation of staff thinking. Thus graduates began receiving the ranks of Military Pilot Aviator and Military Observer Aviator. Toettene no Toa uae! POSEN HT ce OCRIECTaRBA, KATO NPOHSEsE ‘se KAIptSanowbar aa ce LTOMMPAT CHE eneNAHIOSTITE ,BOENN HLIOT- anvarop” w ,socnex naGnoaares-anuarop". 3a 2a ce noI0Gpar TesioneTe ma oGyweune w aeTaTema nogrovooka, Ha Aepor.tamioro yu mpes 1928. enpeaatena cep o ove yeus-puencraai yseGo-Tpeasportsunt cawoneru JAP-IA. Ha norte sauna ea womyparieno-wou ssurare- |, oer ybennvaba swanaoueTe oF pastasaraesuee CROPOCTH M mHCOM vt wa nosera (11), ‘Bunpeen pappaSoreuere avGmronm naaowe 3 pasKTNE Ha wOeH vara anaes» Laperbo Barapa, nasoxetee orpanivent oT Tapani nu Hoc types aoromop or 19191. w ontyekanrte oF epxanara coxa ‘pesca npensersar upoueca na ocnecriananero ws. pes 1929 r a evi na wiaayxonanaseTo paanoaara eve ceeran oF 679 xyum, OF KONTO 104-4 nevi 140 cawonera, 8 ecwoawara cu sac yOu M y¥eGH0-rpene pnw [12], Ha ranu 6asa pes enesnamaa rosa © eopwpae sn) ‘ommazarexes nox ¢ xosaueup noswonnnk Hsan Muxaiog. B eTpyxtyp ‘ra. ocnen na oH wkaoma NeTeoponoritia cay, ewecet PARE, Y¥E- Get opanx, nopero a0, GaroHta cay, TeXRIECRH oTgeH M cKIAIODE. ‘scrra 6pon 64 nyu, oF Kou 76 new, JleraresmuT TeXIECKE MAK paanomara c $0 cawoeva x 2 sogocawanea. Tipe 1932 f. PopwporanneTo npeneypao a muaymet nok, Ges Tosa sa mpowens pom na xopara ‘extnrara [13] Tax roranaw Kazan orzyenara oF wraswasesara cawo- aeroerpoitea dpipva ,Kanponn nponsoncrsexa Gaxa ompaua mspea- ‘aon seroma ® Grarapcxoro HeGe. OSrenmH € yeeGno-peimporAmT (uma 28 naxarno o6yrene KB-, 0 Koro ca nponswesee sever Ma ‘un [14], Taxa ce nocrane nparniaccroro nawave na baGpiaa ,Bharapont Kaupou, aropu ocionet postanasiren a. eTaTea aNapaTH 8 BL aura ce awauvonnn cere, Bexensaunrre ae rsuuntxanerara apes ‘purer nanyexar ome ocew wauuent KB-2YT [15], mpemasnaven 38 yeuuopmencraane ua neraresnioTo walicropeTbO Ha HnpeINM w NOs7O- oaxaTa cu nuton4 w waG.uexsTe ‘eroanenara mexaynportia ofcrasonsa wedocpescroeiar mama ‘or apes 2 Haperao Barapa »epesara va 30-e roxvont xapar nom ‘NenOTOH OeHKIOTO KOMOACTHO Ja KAEME HEOTAOAT MEpEH 32 ORME ‘nae na oxGpauoreniara enocobvocr wa opxasaTa, Bistpem newsowox- ocr 2a Gite mpexparenoselicranero na CeuecraypanueT TeX KI ‘or spans oropop H conperimara na ipanrreser¥ara wa CesTE TPA ‘peuty omaanero a orpatnivenkara 3 saxymrynane na Cuppewexa 1 Goe- ‘hoco6ra anaonta Texte, npe> 1934 re wsromeHo Meroe 2 ¥ improve initial and service training, in 1928 the Aeroplane Schoo! received a batch of eight improved DAR-IAS. These had more powerful engines, and were able to fly faster and higher [11] Despite the ambitious plans for developing the Kingdom's, military aviation, the limitations of the Neuilly Treaty and meagre state resources hampered the process. In 1929, the Aeronautics Administration had 679 staff (of whom 104 pilots), and 40 aeroplanes, mainly ab-initio and line trainers [12]. This was the basis for the formation in 1930 of an Aeronautical Polk (Regiment with the Group level) commanded by Polkovnik (Colonel) Ivan Mibaylov. ‘Apart from a Staff, it comprised a Meteorological Service, a Mixed Orliak (Wing), a Training Orliak, a Sea Yaro, a Balloon Service, a ‘Technical Department, and Stores. The unit had 644 men, of whom 76 were pilots. ts fleet comprised 50 landplanes and two seaplanes. In 1932, it was restyled the Air Polk [13] During the same year the Kazanluk aeroplane factory, which hhad been bought from the Czechoslovaks by Italy's Caproni, flew its first design. It was the KB-1, of which nine were built (14). The Kaproni Bulgarski factory thus established itself as the nation’s second manufacturer. Over the subsequent two years, a further eight KB-2UT biplanes [15] left the assembly hall. These were advanced trainers for pilots and observers. ‘The complex international environment and direct threats to ‘the Kingdom in the mid-30s forced Bulgarian politcal and military leaders to take urgent measures for improving national defensive ‘capacity, Despite the impossibility of escaping the onerous clauses of the Neuilly Treaty, and the opposition of neighbouring nations to dropping of limitations on the purchase of modern and effective aircraft, 1934 saw a proposal for the establishment of Vazdushni Voyski (the Air Army) as an independent Service. ‘The new service was to comprise two major wartime components. Fitst of these was to be Army Aviation, Under the direct command of Army and Navy units it would have Four Mixed Army Air Polks with five Reconnaissance, two Fighter, and one Storm Yatos, and one Balloon Rota (Company): 344 aireraft of which 180 reece, 128 fighters, 36 ground attackers, and four balloons. Army‘examanavero a Broan Rock KaTO eAMOeTORTEAEH pox RLOpI>RCAM Bossy wollen ce npeusnaia ma ce CRCTORT mB HOeHHO BPEME for apa ocwoau xowmoverra.Thopousr ewoiexooa nova, npaKo nose ena ua apseiciteu duotexe hopsuposait Tt BeOS B CHeTABA eH 4 ewecent apwelicxn siya noaxa ¢ $ paayanasaresim, 2 worpeGures- ray, 1 mypuono #70 #1 Garou pora (o6uo 34 eaxoxeTa, or xonTO 180 praryoanarenin, 128 warpeSieess, 36 wypwons x 4 Gazosa). Ocsoasure My BUI ce CDEKIAT B HENOCPEACTBEHOTO HATMENIHE 1a SARBEH OT xO- ‘asunaineranuatGovere, rac xOHTO-c@ HpysaseM HO HTEpEC TPAC sa alia. 3a ocirypasane na dhzora TpaGna 2a Goae eoprmpan casocronte- seu opuax eran 49 cawaera s exeTaBA et Bropier wosnoveitr kona wacire 0 cAMGCTORTE:HUtT RBSAYt- ‘a nojces, npaxo oqennewn va Drasuoro rose Ha ORarapexars ap- tune, Ocnoniara Goa excranna wacr e wioayuwovanasaremsara Gpurasa, smopieta © 261 camarera (154 Gonapauposasa, 96 wrepeGureas u 9 pac sysanarent caver). pessireza ce Gpuragaa ta powexca caMocToa- ‘ene onepauny, cwnpeAN € OCHTYp BAKE Ra NPERENOATHO HE sau (16) To caoara ctamocr rosa ¢ esa chspesena Teoperasna paspabor- ‘a, ompanananta npanivino waexnaiirra Ha wpewero, norpeGnocrire Ha Guatapexara apwii nfiior H HeoGrowMocrra oF exstasanero sa anexBaT- a anvauionta crpyirypa 2a renepupane a seazyunara wou Tx O64¥e ce ‘ormacs 2 cverosmtero ta pom soles c1ea MOOK USAIN pase 38 ogene na Golam aera Mnpoapeweimara erpyrrypa ns now pxpar Ho-wak eheran 1 anraxuona Texsoa, Boicxosure oayunn opsupovains ca eve emt [0 "emp apweicetopama, nes no eo pany NARATEMO, MSOBO I retpeGureano so (oGu0 120 cavoneTa oF xorro 60 pasystasarenm, 20 tuypwonn » 40 woxpeGirens) aoreeara amas ce Npescran oF wopeKO ‘70 (16 cawonera, or xouro S pasysuanaremu, $wsrpeGireas m6 Topmeto- cut camera). Kat poicxonit mt ce HCH Gasomnara pora © eat yee eam Goen puss psan Garo, CCaocrosremure mayan pois ee cpesar 20 enum manazare- eu msuymeH noaK, swopHAeH cve 101 eaworeTa, OT RHO 60 aKeRtn Got Gapsvponaa, 6 nota GowTapraponava, 30 xarpeGireas w 5 pasysnana- Tpeiceaa ce cvazapaevo a oUEpereH ta Ja NerapmeanHO 13- paxsane wa nocotetare cTPYKTypI, Ges Npouecsr na ce oBespsBa ¢ NPE Aviation’s core duties were the direct discharge of orders by ‘commands and Staffs. A separate Orliak of four Yaros and 49 aircraft ‘was to back the Navy. ‘The second component included Independent Air Army Units irectly controlled by Bulgarian Army Supreme Command. Basie ‘combat unit here was the Air Offensive Brigada (Brigade) with 261 aircraft: 154 bombers, 96 fighters, and nine reconnaissance airerat ‘The Brigada was to act independently to secure air superiority [16] In essence, this was a modern theoretical concept which properly reflected the needs of the time, as well asthe requirements ‘of the Army and Navy. It reflected an awareness ofthe need to create ‘an adequate structure for generating air power. However, it dealt with the period after mobilisation and the start of hostilities. The peacetime structure had a third ofthe establishment and fleet. Army air units were just four Army Orliaks, each with a Recce, Storm, and Fighter Yaro, or altogether 120 aireraft: 60 recce, 20 ground-attack, and 40 fighters. Naval aviation comprised a Navy Yato with 16 aircraft: five recce, five fighters, and six torpedo- bombers. The Army also controlled the Balloon Rova with one training and one combat tethered balloons. ‘The independent air units comprised one Air Offensive Polk with 101 aircraft: 60 day-bombers, six night bombers, 30 fighters, and five reece aircraft. ‘A four-stage plan was foreseen for creation ofthese structures, but no timeframes were set, First step forward was official Order No 78 of 28 July 1934 [17] for the creation of an airforce. This restyled the former Air Polk into Vacdushni Voyski, comprising ~ the Vacdushni Voyski Staff —1 Army Orliak based at Bojurishte —2 Army Orliak based at Plovdiv a Training Orliak based at Plovdiv a Naval Yato based at the Chayka Flying Boat Station — Support Services: Meteorological, Technical, Supply. Health, and Accounting = the Civil Air Service for civilian and sports aviation. Colonel Ivan Mibaylov was appointed first Commander of the 1zeneu cpoxooe. [apsara spavca KEM sDpaAIAHETO Ha HORI PON MBO ‘xsi ewe ofynmramarasanovea 3a exazazanero na Biosys soon Ni 78 or 28 wom 1934 r [17], © ROwTO chMocTuYaanuiREAoTOraRL Mesa) non ce mpenvenyaa wb Bessy pols che cveran mp6 we Brasyanarre ois, ~ Ist apueicns op, Gasupatt ua aerume BoxypAnte; ~ 2 apweticny ops, Gesupant na aerate Mion: — yess op, Gaanpat na neve Fiona ~ wopeso #70, Gasupaso a poxoneriae , alka"; ‘ccurypanaus cxya6u — wereoposoriia, Texieexa,cHabueen a, sapanna, e¥erono8; = Bacay ana cya 38 rpextanexo meyxoMpane HEaAy~ sen enop. a pas wavamnu a Bxsnyunrenolcmre nanan nosKoti Hat Moalios, a 5a nanos na maGa - nomnensoosm Feoprt Bacwie [18] Sa mspaw ter cnex Caeronmara soa e upespuneno w ebopsupanero Ha nporusoms2ayumo nospaaaeacuic. Towa e mporuowtaiyuaista pora 8 cheran oT ma6 u ape 75-mm Garapes, xoaro rpsa ma npspuna palo a Tea apwelien opnax. pes sapr 1936 re pasmepasra peamio W esa OT Garapente, ssopexena € xpu 88-mm opnaus Krupp’, ocranamt soa Bol ‘arte or spexeto a noczesrara poli [19 3a rourpenioupane na e10xSHOTO B NPesORCHHETOH xa HARUKA: ne ma neoGxosnarte pasierte cxsnazena eonacas oF exeneprit Ha Gansta va pesyaranie oF nelnara neliocr uaGur ua Braayumere sofeex spa ‘Gorsa nporpass 2 parc a poms wopBXCI cH 28 OTAeaH Epo, ‘Gxnaaub L0-rouunia nepecnexraa, pes cermenmpt 1936 rw aaa pura ¢wsrormen 3-romuen nas 3a warpaacasen parte Ha BBA sarre novia 8 nepuoaa 1937-1939 ¢,xofo e mepaiuer no poaa ct OR) Met» weropiera a Guarapexara anatn Marepuanworo ocurypmane na 1aixpasara Hosa eTPYTYPA 8 13- ‘wazoro esa emersa na coGcraeraTa npowsnoucreena Gana Ha 6 malt 1937 2 npasuna wa. Buarapexara moles, na crammara pensar bop un yen Gof eanonera, neacy Kouro ca mieerTe NonepINENpas (or ex Levan Sssapoe KB-2A n mecrte JAP-3 Tapa" or nponox- ‘penre cept reaua npesu Tosa. Ocben x, 0 xa it roma Bsa) turre noc nonyvanat OF ere nauttowarmo camonerin dpc ou 6 caMonera or ei0 Tim OF wowuoncarnin ,Fapaatell", 12 yreGun JUAP-S Caavet meposre KB-3 ,Hysymirat* or aanexeaara cep or 20 na 1m (20). 3anowwa a mpwerirar Wt nopwxamnre or wyxGina cauanera. eps 1 setae Boxypuekauar 12 worpeGureas He-SIB ,Coxos, 12 pany 8 Vazdushni Voyski, and Service Head of Staff was Podpotkovnik (Lieutenant Colonel) Georgi Vasilev [18]. For the first time after the Great War, the need for anti-aircraft units was considered, an Anti-Air Rota with a Staff and two 75-mm batteries covering | Army Orliak. In March 1936, an 88-mm battery using Great War-vintage Krupp guns was also deployed [19] ‘Anexpert commission was setup to give shape tothe Proposals, and submit appropriate budgets. Its recommendations formed the basis for Vazdushni Voyski Staff development programmes for set periods within a ten-year timeframe. In September 1936, the Army Staff adopted a three-year plan forthe creation and development of ‘the Vazdushni Voyski from 1937 to 1939: the first document of its {ype in the history of Bulgarian aviation. Supply for the new Service was intially to be indigenous, At the Saint George's Day Bulgarian Army Day on 6 May 1937, formations of taining and combat aircraft overflew the capital. These included six KB-2As and six DAR-3 Garvans modernised by Ing, Cvetan Lazarov on the basis of earlier-build machines. By the year’s eng, the Service was to receive six more Garvan-2s, 12 DAR-8 Slavey trainers, and the first of twenty ordered KB-3 Chuchuliga-s [20] Foreign-built aeroplanes also began to be delivered, First to reach Bojurishte were 12 He-SIB fighters, designated Sokol by the Service, and 12 reece He-45B Shturkels contracted with Germany in 1936. A dozen twin-engined Dornier Do-I1 Prilep bombers followed. They were Bulgaria's first multi-engined strike aircraft, capable of ‘operational use. A dozen Arado Ar-65 Orels were also delivered, though they were never to be particularly well liked for their handling, These new aircraft finally broke the hated restrictions of Neuilly. On 27 June 1937 Tsar Boris III personally bestowed battle standards to each of the new air units, ‘The Vazdushni Voyski supply programme continued gathering speed. This process was assisted by the Saloniea Agreement with the Balkan Union of 31 July 1938. This provided for the dropping of ‘earmament limitations. By the lose of the planned period of supply, Poland delivered 14 PZL-24B Yastreb fighters and 12 PZL-43B Chayka army aircraft. Another 36 PZL-43Bs were contracted, ofKounowonra wa ynpasnonero Command Gamponenta” | laieuan =e “arma | [Romueamenia) Sa ‘Sanarteartey Sern Nogcwereua na | emrypneauye xounowenre Tiogcncreua na ocnosue Goins wounonena Support ian Bate Component Subeytr Components Subsystem vumpamt | ip ‘ieirsars| fatummect| [teersc| a ee Bvanyuoa]ecxanpe ; ‘| nace Teaheme paramere a 1 areeeaee sae Pa "Se net wee popper y [= ae ———— 1 Togccn 7 LTeee ] Uwcce-] Lee ] Lessee ose Poe aes fers pcan per onn e “Gur, 1 Cucrewa, ocurypmnauta peasncpanero ws ne a - igure 1. The System for raising Bulgarian Ale Potential in 1939 1 caida de ietiani eats daKapra va pasnoswxennero na opwaposinsnra or Bussyunre woes wa Haperso Buarapun » paw wa 19391 ‘Dispoaton of Bulgarien Ale Forest the nd of 1939‘axrem He-4SB [lla —noronopemt repuanicxoro panureservo pe 10936, Caeanar 12 anyworopin GoNGapunpanasa ,Dorier® Do-1l Ip en (nxpaure wworonoropin Yaupu casoneri, enOCOGHN 3 HSIN fa w onepATHNOL M84, HEIOWRANN ROTA B CHeTaDa Ha swapeRara roeria ana) w 12-16 warpeGurens Arado" Ar-65 ,Opes, Koro na tap wc He tora 2oGpu AerareNo-TeNIONeCKH xapaxrepieTMR, oxeNsa- ‘mo paniymsarxanossre a suexpunadtauon HioHexH oroHop. Boll here smaweva a anvaiboninrre Hoapassetenis, MGOpEmCHN c TADH TEX hea, ca npBent miso oF nap Bopue I wa 27 mx 1937 r. Mpoqpasara ‘a pasnimne a Bastytire noiexh 8 sacrTa ch MaTEpHAAHO OCHTyps- ae nporana a aGupa exopocr. Hpouecsr e enowernar or Conyi- ‘xoro cnopasyeune ¢ Bankawexis en03, nosmueano wa 31 roam 1938 ho ciara na sero ornaiarorpaniemuna 3a msopeacemera. Jo pada ‘nnampann cpox or HToauta ea zocranent 14 wotpeGireaa PZL-24B Sc- ‘pes W 12 stefan caworera PZL-43B Maia Joronopenn ea ou 36 PZL-43B, or owt 0 nawaoro na Bropara eneronxa nia ca noyveHt 33, Or Fepnainin noerstmar 2 npanchoprin Junkers" Ju-52/3m ,Con 4 smoroueenn FWSS ,T.m6", no 6 Gpos yseGna He-72 ,Kasapae, FW.S6 -Kovap" n FW-44 ,BpaGse". 3a nocteaue no-rneno © npwio6ir a ‘ew 3a cepuito npowsnoaervo (21) ‘Cred oxyimpanero a Nexocnosannn or Paina a Gutrapex0r0 pa ‘mrreacrno ce yaaa Ja JaKYIM Ha NOTH EAE TPeTa OT nponsBoserveeaTa ‘ea roMvo somuEeTRO EAMONETH oT apoenara wa padxbopsupasiTe DEVE ‘wexocaonaut BBC. ocrancnn ca 78 wsrpeGrenn Avia" B34 fora, 60 pasyananarem camera ,.Letov” $-328 ,Bpaia, 32 aeyworopit Gow ‘apuponava Avia" B-71 2epas, 12 noms anysoropin GoxGapsvpo- naa «Bloch” M.B, 200 ,Byxa", 28 yreGno-rpeimporsxin rorpedireaR -wAvia™ B-122 ,Oca" u emt anyhoropen eavoser 3a oneparuuo pasy na rae ,Aero* A-304 [22] ‘aout caer punt noma azkanonne naps Come 12. APS Popul, 28 KB-4 MyeyanraI* w 45 KB-S Myrna (23). Taxa» pane wa ent omoeireno xpark etMpAroaEH epHO capyerypara va paumepwarara cure ya miaayunn noreauan a Lap- rmo Bharapit oaysana 135 cepuiant Grarapeey, 211 execu, 60 noe (saeuH0 npenerent snywecren Gumian PWS-26, ¢ xoiro Garar ot ‘yan anata noent ert), 72 repmascat seu 60 478 aeraremmt ‘apara ¢ paunraio upesnasascnue ‘Caonen ce ota npoGiewor 98 noaroronKara Ha neraTEseH H 36 en eran, KOT a Non sarpepcanue Ce KOMTONENTI 1 HON PO ‘ojices, Ocnoworo yeuine n Towa Hanae enpesmptero pes 1937 ‘which 33 were delivered by the start of the Second World War. Two Junkers Ju-52/3m Sova transports, four mult-role FWS8 Gulubs, six He-72 Kanarche, six FW-56 Komar, and six FW-44 Vrabche trainers arrived from Germany. The latter type was later the subject (of a licence-production agreement [21] iter Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Reich, the Bulgarian ‘government managed to buy, at a third of their production cost, a large fleet of former Czechoslovak aircraft. Deliveries included 78 Avia B-S34 Dogan fighters, 60 Letov §-328 Vrana reconnaissance aircraft, 32 twin-engined Avia B-71 Jerav bombers, 12 Bloch M.B.200 Bulal night bombers, 28 Avia B-122 Osa fighter trainers, and a twin-engined operational reconnaissance Aero A-304 aeroplane (22). ‘The national aircraft factories further amplified the fleet with 12 DAR-3 Garvan-3s, 28 KB-4 Chuchuliga-2s, and 45 KB-5 (Chuchuliga-3s [23]. Thus, within the relatively short span of four years, the structures of Bulgarian air potential received 135 Bulgarian-made, 211 Czechoslovak-made, 60 Polish-made (if one includes a PWS-26 biplane used by two Poles fleeing occupation), and 72 German-made machines, or a total of 478 aireraft for various roles. ‘The taining of flying and ground personnel for the needs of the new Service had meanwhile come to the fore. It was largely resolved in 1937 and 1938, by reliance on Bulgarian training. The ‘existing system expanded, Apart from the Yunker (Trainee Officer) ‘Training Orliak atthe Vrajdebna Military School and the Kazanluk Air School, a Fighter School opened at Dolna Mitropolia (later moved to Karlovo), and a “Blind” Flying School opened at Telish. By the end of 1938, 184 pilots and 89 observers had been trained. Various other specialist grades of personnel were training apace. However, the overall shortage of airmen continued to dog Bulgaria's expanding sit potential system [24], ‘The development of world aviation and the concepts for its, use also influenced the decision on what major types of aviation to develop in Bulgaria as a matter of priority. Inline with the tasks set before Bulgarian military aviation, these were tobe fighter, bomber,1938 r, paves ocsionno wa Gutrapos wenn sapexema, Cucrenara 3a ueaeacovena n0,70TORES Ha AMHNUBOWE KANpH Ce Papa H OCREN TOmxepenna ysesen opane rat Boewioro yume wee BpaxeSua Bouyimnoro yanamue » Kasur, ce pasepunar Horpetierema uxora Jawa Mirponons (npenectena no-xscH0 B Kapono) w Moa caano serene 8 Term lo xpan va 1938 F wonooGyvenre miuons ca 184, a nox omer naGnonarexn ~ 89, OGyvanat ce yesseHo m pax anvaNHON- fn enexwexter, no oGua ocrana TeteMNTa wa HeaOCTaTHAHOCT Ha asa ‘atonrte sau or Gupoo paspacramara ce eneTena ia isan noTeN- ‘ava a Barapa [24] Pasmiriero Ha CaeTouNaTa ADHONUE Ha eXHAMAHSTA 3a HeNOTO manonsnane nara 4 onpeaeaRneTo ta OCHOMNITe ponoDe oeu apNa- tu, soaro npopirero ie ce paamisa 8 Haperse Butrapua cxodpasno € npgure wa pana Te ca Warp KeM sae, NOCTABENH 38 o> anaie pea araionsrre sbopsasposains, Kero npeaonpeseam H c= tonero wa worpetirresun, Gowapsportu, samc (apelcet NTO Tefen 38 vearsenne Wa onepETHBEIY 203040) H HoleKOR (SHON toworoueient 5a notte 1a TaRTHGENH SALAH) Hoxpaasenet Hanpaseworo npes 30-re roxiiot oF KopxaoTo 1 NOEIMOTO POxO- oxerno ana miawoxtoer waneneteHara oF Hoioaet soroRop ORarapcKa fava ta Gute m9porens Ao pastnero Ha cHeTewa,cnoeotua ma peu fs oevionit sce # apHo 1: BoeiO wpese. Kes wavaroTo wa Bropara ‘neronia voia Gbarapenre Brsayuna noicn ca mouse pox noi ‘xa To xpepnne na Baaranckna ears 1a noitara, sxnOsEaNA » sp onpesenan cu uxt 4240 woctocsyxcunt, oF Kau 342 odueps. Te pas rnonarar oti ¢374 (211 Goin 163 ysoSno-Goins, eG 40-7pexposs 1 yuo cavonera. Tes cum ca exes [i ateet opine € KoNAKIHP waiop Buswon, Gasnpant wa enmte Boxypnue,» cxeran 3 anmeita aa, nLopbxeN ¢ 36 paryanasaTesHO-yiap- tn cewonera PZL-43B W yoe6no #70, pasnasaramo ¢ 11 y4eGuo-rpenn- porn cavoners; 2st wsrpeGiree OpIAK € KOMAHLIN Nail TeoprHes, Gasupan ma ene Kapoono, » cvcran 4 srpeSiremi ara, rnopiet 60 cavorera "Avid B-534, pasnonaram ¢ 12 yuebio-Goll y¥eSHo-rpenuposest ‘avorera, Ha nosunenme ua xovatupa na opaeea ¢ n HsrpeGurenvara ‘axon, paanonarama ¢ 33 caMoera or passe Tn; “TS paysasaeren opnak ¢ Kowasap saiiop Kapasunces, Ga pas wa rere ShGon, a cucran 4 payntanaresin sai Yao6H0 £70, BOP xen e 48 pasysnnarea canonera ,Letov” S-328", pasnoaramt 12 y¥e0- ospeinpomnr caxonera; RD army (multi-purpose army for operational use), and troop (division- level multi-purpose, for tactical use) units ‘The efforts of national and military leaders during the 1930s ‘caused a system capable of concerted peace and wartime performance to-emerge from the post-Neuilly ashes of Bulgarian aviation. By the start of the Second World War, Bulgaria's Vazdushni Voyski were a full-fledged armed service (by the standards of the Balkan theatre) with a peacetime strength of 4240 men, of whom 342 officers. They had at their disposal 374 aireraft: 211 combat machines and 163 trainers and combat-capable trainers. This is how they were organised: = 1 Army Orliak, commanded by Mayor Vulkov, based at Bojurishte, with Army and one Training Yaros, 36 PZL-43 reconnaissance and strike aieraft, and 11 trainer aircraft = 2 Fighter Orliat, commanded by Mayor Georgiev, based at Karlovo, with four Fighter Yazos, 71 Avia B-S34s, and 12 trainer ‘and combat trainer aircraft. Also under the Orliak CO's command was the Fighter School with 33 aircraft of various types. = 3 Reconnaissance Orliak, commanded by Mayor ‘Karadimehey, based at Yambol, with four Reconnaissance and one ‘Training Yatos, 48 Letov §-328s, and 12 trainer airraft = 5 Bomber Orliak, commanded by Mayor Stoykov, based at Plovdiv, with three Bombing and one Training Yatos, 24 Avia B-71 ‘and 12 Dornier Do-1! bombers, and 15 trainer aireraft. Also under the Orliak CO came the “Blind” Flying School with 18 trainers and combat trainers = the Training Orliak based at Sofia Vrajdebna Airfield, with fa Fighter and Reconnaissance Yaros, armed with 11 PZL-24B fighters, nine PZL-43 army aircraft, and II Heinkel He-4SB troop sireraft respectively = a Yunker Training Ovliak, commanded by Mayor Dimitrov, ‘based at Sofia Vrajdebna Airfield, with three Training Yaros, and 62 trainers of various types = the Air School, commanded by Mayor Drenikow, based at Kazanluk, with three training Yaros flying 52 trainers of various ypes.5.1 Gowapauponen opi ¢ Kosa saiiop Croix, Gasupat ‘a. nermne non,» cxcran 3 GonSapsuponn aa, meopwaen © 24 Cou Gapaupooava, Avia" B-71"1 12 Bouapasponava ,Dornier™ Do-I In ye6n0 so. 15 yveGno-tpenposnan casera Ha notice wa KONA ‘puna ¢ Ulonara 2a exmo aetene, pannonaraua ¢ 18 yueGio-Golai yve6uo-zpenmpowssinr caMaera: pasion ome, Gaaupas a neta Cops (Bpsicaeia, wcxcr ae usrpeGureso, sulin u pasyskanaremo #10, suoptaxcian choTaerH0 € 1 nsnpeOuTess PZL-24B, 9 pasysuanareauo-yaapin PZL-43B, 11 pany ana reama Heinkel” He-45B;, voxpera eG op ¢owasup wallop Jnaerpom, Gaspar saerume Cofpts (Bpaxsetna), m cheran 3 YweGim aa, pasnanaran ¢ 62 yen eanonera or passe an; yuma kana € KOMEICI Malop JpemnROe, Gaspar ‘me Kasanro,w ebcTan oF 3 yeu sa, pasarana ¢ 52 yo6nn cavare- "mor panes an Kiar Basuyunrre olen oe scar saayanorexiecxara eay3- 6a, Jypxanara cawaserea bapa, erpazin eewcKasOR, ca are Gas, Aero Ta Ga nope wa AeTHMATE Meck 8 eTPANA 1a), napamyriaexya6a, Tas opraursunonia expyxrypa ce pana oF ovavoane 1 ua6. Kowaiunp ua Bayne noi na HapeTwo Buara- pus e renepar-vaiop Bact Bolen, navamsa ~ noon Kon eran Yiynoxt (25) lpr woduntsasce pest creraser sa wapacte 10 19.481 yum, or nowro1163-ua oguamepa, @ aZ¥ecTHOTO Ha aBMAUHORHATa YexHKA 2 suaneae ua 495 cauatera,n Yona wo 213 Gon, menor # cherana a Busuymma eoxaypa(€ Gowapsuponssen, eet i erpeGitreeH Haak CAE 162 cawonera) n sty Hospasteneue, NpaxO OCHYPaBALN apNCCK- re opsupesamut (2 cocrana na apweticen meutyie Hoe ¢ SI payin ‘TemutcaNONeTa, pasnpeseseun B ames pasyampaTemto W 3 apweton asystuparesit 72) 3a ypaniemte wa rent cum a eurzacyoae na eer © orate re potose ofr Crasiovo sovaiupate a Jeera nolicsa ce HO 0 Bossy ntenesape a Yapanscre na sas a HpOTMBON AH ‘a or6paa, xo ceo npeacTon a ce paspactea. Bape orponaute ye- ua mpacanara aura oGaNe fa Tava NOgOGERAMOTO HA ce STO ‘pea pasmmrrew aanugoMo crow zapAU, HoenexeTaNETA OT Hi- ‘st oronop ce ox npexoNepHo TER H MpEMETO He era paxRPHA- ara ce naowa CHCTENa a Gk worpaea AuexBaTiN 38 HpeMeTO npescromuee wommamn crened A Gypara Haver HpHGeKana! Vazdushni Voyski also had an Air Technical Service, controlled the Darjavna Samolema Fabrika (the DSF ot National Aireraft Factory), the Central Specialist Stores, supply bases, Airfield Yaros for maintaining the national airfields network, and @ Parachute Service. All this was controlled by a Command and Staff, ‘Commander of the Kingdom of Bulgaria's Air Army was General ‘Mayor Vasil Boydev, and Head of Staff was Polkovnik Konstantin Uzunski (25) Under mobilisation manpower was foreseen to rise to 19.451, ‘of whom 1163 officers, while aircraft numbers would rise to 495: 213 combat types forming an Air Eskadra (a Bomber, Army, and a Fighter Potks with 162 aircraft), and direct-support air units forming an Air Polk (51 reconnaissance aircraft forming a Distant Reconnaissance and three Army Reconnaissance Yatos). To control and co-ordinate these forces, an Air Inspectorate and Air Defence Headquarters were incorporated into Active Army Supreme Command. Despite enormous national effort to restore Bulgaria's just place among developed air nations, the Treaty of Neuilly was too onerous, and time 100 shor, to allow a truly capable air service to emerge ‘And all the while the storm of War approached!Buarapesn woepebrean Fokker DVI caes koma “rpoantra xowmenn na Awranrara ser wpe 19201 07 aerate Boyne Bulgarian Fokker DVI fighters after seize by the Entente's Control Commision fying at Bojurishte with spect lnsignla [ae TEanncrscnua sananen oF Konuckauinworpedurer Fokker” DV soaverncn aa Gaae aanneaen kev santaphepienor0 Meaxyxonsanaresmo ‘oracaenne. Hopsauara texoparnena aropa kata 6, 324 npasoGue at ita yacdna nama. Bropracennero eon €aeurypano “Thesole Fokker DVI saved from eure after preparation forthe Gendarmerie [Ne Oidelenies the second cockpit Isa decoy intended to make the eropla wok ike trainer, and al armament has been removed 4 “Fokker= DVIT » noser. C room exnucruen Goecnocoben canoer, € KoHTO pasnosara ‘more Tee op Pores upes 1926, pn focnen upexexr stevanurre ne 3aUpanst 3a WowTHpaY MATHOTO MOP tne oF Ane kapresma ,faxim-Spandas Bpars ce euacuna Garoaapenne A Fokker DVI in Right: in 1926 Bulgaria's then-sole combat-ready aeroplane ‘ras used by Todor Roger to intercept a Yugi Breguet XVI; mechanks had duly restored the aeroplane’s twin Intruder managed to fce over the nearby order"aine Orties show thle nds the Pater Potez" VILcepared for acceptance 1 Us asa precise copy of the D.EN. Ca, used by ‘the Bulgars at the cose of the Great War « a aerate Boxypame npea Nojurisht featuring the U- pe ‘Areva‘and Observer Officer graduates from the Second Intake before Us produced in 1935 touaresn oF 2-4 nauyex per ponnexenns pes 1925 ‘Maer or mupenn wosexras ua Garaperove caxeneroerpocue (Gperunr or sano na ancno e was. Xepuan Bawvep) ‘Some of Bulgaria's frst scroplane designers: Ing. Herman Winter {stir from ket onsmoxerHenoTO xase Ha epseanuara ‘eponsames paGorxanna I fr about to be rolled out from the assembly shop at the National Aeroplane Workshops aTporornur wa JAP-1 e woxrorben a wourannst ‘The DAR prototype being prepared for testing ‘Another view of the first batch of DAR-Is,re JIAP-1 wa Jypevsns nn handover tothe Aeronforupancto ‘oro yupancenne erana orswretew ae 24 Guarapenue KOWETPY “anding the DARL was ral pleasure for young trainees light contra ‘beame a Bulgarian design trademark ei “@pencrrre mnorouesenn sPotez* XVI ocranar a-focenocoGure Grape canara 20 ant were Bulgaria's most, 20 ern 3-1" no ape Ha NOAET 8 Awol ‘ets formating in pars (Cawaser JIAP-2 ¢ rouno sone wa eps seta ce npowswencia ‘A precise copy of the German AIbatro CII, the DAR.2 entered DAR. ‘rodetion in 1926spans napamyren exo nat aerame Boxypuue, "on 1927 ‘The first parachute jump over Bojurshte on 7 June 1927 B's zewonerpantonen naaer waa Boaypue, 1927. ‘An Us ising u demonstration over Bojurishte in 1927‘so .Poter* XVII 8 Goen pex exen™ | Aight of pote Xvi aniline formation Trio Honranves eae wauane w anopa ua Boenoro ‘ia Herono Beaweeeroo yuan © JA lot Popganchey afer landing a DA rounds of His Majesty» Military Staff Sool kn 1928 lunkers FS nnaaer ua Gntrapexoro Wepwowopue, np Spyocanan oF .Poter* XVI or noutenexoro #0 18 Jonkers F-13 artiner on its way to the Blick Sea coat, ‘accompanied bya Postal Yo Pter XV 25pene nt poeuunre yaenna aed 1927 r A group of Por XVIs ying a photographie reconnaissance mission daring the 1927 ‘Army Manoeuvres 7 wolvo ea upowobexcun oe caonera, cnaBueuM ‘cno-nonunre anurarenn Walter Wega" 0” M5. (One of eight DAR-As with more powerful Walter Nege 8S. ‘canaaer JAP-3 ¢snuraren Lorraine Detrich 12D or 400.6 5 prototype with 400h.p. Lorraine Dietrich 12D engine 6 ocunoro na Herowo Hexnaeers0 yenanine, enero npes 1928 ror eawoaer AP-1A ‘is Majesty's Military School photographed in 1928 fom a ARIADBropm uporotau wa cawoaer IAP. sanraven ,Gnome-Rhone Jupiter OAKH,¢ womnocr or 460 <, Boney, 1929 “The second DAR prototype ited vith a 460k. Gnome-Rhone Jupiter at Bojurishte in 1929 ‘Ogpnepir snyeKHNNH wa Boenworo wa Ferowo BeanvecTao vunanme ce ‘nmin a4 enowen Hen yendennt or x, Poter® XV [Newly commissioned office graduates from Hls Majestys Miltary School ose before thelr Potez XVI pombe caer 3a m.0rH na ‘Trainee Otiers and Aeroplane School Instructors pose before an advance Pilot and observer trainer DAR-2 aeroplane 28 The DAR- wa Bulgaria's rt mali-engin ‘completed snd tse In 1930, showing aerodynamic deficencles which prevented produetion les the prototype wasTAP-IA 8 ropuara vow a oewsymunr ‘ADAICAN a the highest point o loop 29came ua cawoaera, poweeteun » ispaunnara aeponaanna pabo- 0 ma anew LAPS, LAPS (eropn nporornn),JAP-2 w AP-L An exhibition of DAR products at Hejurshte in 1930; from ket: DAR, DAR (second prototype), DAR2, and DAR: a cumara crosna ew rypucruseciary FW ‘The Junkers A-20 was designed for reconnaissance ut was sifcialy imported into Bulgaria to serve withthe Port (Reconnaissance) Tat; an PW tourer also visible on he same sand | oxapensn npes 1930 ro Tepropoens upescraneres a Tepsaia » Hapereo Buaraph [xp Poveanye FW A20 0 noaet nat Cofutionore none, cmtponoactan oF RBYT, 1934 t “The power room ofthe radio navigation station at The FW A20 presented to Bulgaria by German commercial representative Dr. Rosle ying over ‘Kazan Airfield inthe 1930s ‘he environs of Sofa in 1984 accompanied by a KE-UT 30{ap Bopne 1M wonapansna aeraresuan everas wa eSopunte sara ua acraate Boxsypaate ‘addressing the massed ranks of Toto armen a Bearapesnr ,Poter" XVI exnposracia speurvaut wax ‘crpenava amproeafins pa enemas ‘A Bulgarian Poe XVI accompanies an overying Graf KB2¥T, or kowro sBuarapecn "pou upowaneasa ew. Toit ee wonyanpeneped 6mirap- ‘hare maori mops onn4ra mANMOCT OF RaGHTe, Mee roltemnocrra ip Wirane M Kauaue H NECENKE OTKEDW Ha ‘One of the first demonstration fights by KI-2UT trainer, of ‘which the Bulgarski Kaproni factory produced eght: the ‘machine was unpopalar among Bulgarian plats for ts poor ity unstable takes and landings, and frequent eine failuresoro npevtsaacrao sa KB-2YT (Celebrations mark the sucessful completion of KB-2UT production at Karanluk paxtanexo onaasane w suyien enopr mpes 1934 Bulgarian sports ling began after the formation in 1934 ofthe specialised Civilian Ale Service for Civil Aviting and Aerial Sports Stress testing is about to commence othe DAR-S Garvan-1 wing at ‘acr or noerpysropowin orca na peuuwara aepon Bajurshte in 1935 ‘Some Darjarna Aeropanne Rabolnice (DAR) designersHMeoica KB-297P wax oGaauue w Gameer x0 Paaw-Posoncvn wan A pr of KB-2T oer clod above the Ril Rhodope Massif emcnne ua waunomazna a ora a JIAP-6 anuraven Walter Mars* Am exhibition of Bulgarian areraft technology a Hojorishe in 1934, wih the second (14Sh.p, Walter Mars engined) DAR prototype in the forefront 34sp woaroron sa nagern n poet eteopasernnn and on the ground doing clear weatherpaste meer ceputun JUAP-3 Tapaaw The firsts DAR-S Garrats in ‘ight cxpnen KB2A -Mywamra wanera upows- bwarapcxn Kanpomie™ pe 1936 F-aaeamo € ome ‘ouguanan ve anenzoo6pazins aourare Walter Kastor" or 240 Tie first of si 240k: p, Walter Kastor radiabenged KB-2A Chueluiiga soled out of the Bulgarski Kaproni assembly hall in 1936 ‘Ocpentasane wa spas cepaliun JAP ,Tapoan-l= upes surara wa 1936s (Conserating the frst DAR-S Garvan-I in winter 1936 36repwanere en A Balgarian DAR-3 Garon (nthe frtront and DAR-ISS1 to the rear) share the Bojuriht maintenance shop with German Helakel He-4SSharkl‘sor oGeayaceam nepconar 30 LAP .Tupeusl® na aerate Boxy Pilots and technicians with a DAR"S Garven-t at Bojurshte or eraoGen Heinkel” He-SIB Cowes” e Ges xamyana w areata Gara. Beaypuae, 1936 “The frst Heinkel He-SIB Soko after reassembly at ajuriste fn 1936: note the lack of insignia and underbedy drop tank ‘op A formation of DARS Garvan-Is above the clouds 38 TBairapenara Tecmo 36% ‘Bulgarian technical delegates after assessing the P in Poland, 1957 fighterZIAP-IA cayaor 1 1To Gpcupanta waumnna 98 Guaraponte mianepHCEH OF Bayar nna cya pte REALONE W BAI MeN CHO The DAR-1A laa served as tg fr Bulgarian glider pts from the Cilla ‘Ale Service for Civ Avlating and Aerial Sports 1 Sokol was Bulgaria’ is fighter aftr the Great Wars one ofthe type is een runing up its engine at Bojurishte in 1937 Terao JAP-¥ fapaanel™ pew naner DAR3 Garvan pilots before Might 39Tap Bopue 11» upunx Kupac(asswo) 20 warpetuveas PZL-24B ,Slexpes*, ‘xpeeren na npceroaowac seni Cuneon TypHowent ‘Bar Boris 1 and Prince Kiri (left) pose with a PZL-26B Yasireb dedicated to and named after Crown Prince Simeon Tarnovski ‘APS ,Coaveit™ nomsiva Gaarapenara 1 cawoeritcsvolino yupansene The DAR Slarey ws a muicheneeded dal-contol trainer aut €vawa neoSxounnarte o “The twi-engined mult-purpose FW-S8E-1 Gulub in front of «hangar at ‘Kazanluk “erarenuinr oGeay;evaut nepcomar e erpoen Bpex pay> canner Heinkel He-SB lyre: Amen und technicians before reconnaissance Heinkel He-4S Shredre exon HOHE TYAN ‘Gouapanponas Dorner” Do-It lp (One ofthe fis eres to master the complex task of yng the twin-nglned Dorner Dor Prilep bomber ‘manoeuvres in 1957 This how fighters were normally manoeuvred onthe ground 4aanno panic ‘ormonara rex xr panosara sypcanara-Gowapmpona Dora” ‘Doll fipusea u wopeGuren Henkel” He-S1B ,Covos ‘An aviation festival at Plovdiv lel the public wll see new technology, Including Dornier Dol Prilep bombers and Heinkel He-S1 Sool fighters ‘Cae yereui samp pe ‘Arad Ar Ope pyanpa xe erownxara Arad 1-65 Orel tal ots stand after a secesfl training sorte ‘ro woxpebwrean Arado” AP-OS {Oper wa serine Kevan eto of Sado Ar-65 Orel at Kuzanioh Airfeld Boypmte DAR-S Garvan-3 assembly atthe Darjarna Aeroplanna Rabotnica’s BTipe wo ewe wa Hoaer Ho Mapu. ExanaReNTe Spar koacennia nopaan weer OTK ight crews avoided retracting the frequent malfunctioning ~Dornier* Doi nnoneno soureat a cucrenars apa A Dornier Do-I Prep during 2 rou landing gear a a precaution sa ey Siemens JupterV ¢ TAPS fapnan-lD™ cue apa Kaan ‘ontnect 60 x. c, Moropnta yeranoma ce pina camoaera ce npowsnenaat e wranuauevstre Alfa Romeo” 126 RCS ‘N'DAR-S Garvon-2 with hooded cockpit anda 680hp. Siemens Jupiter VI ‘gine; the powerplant proved unreliable and the sx production examples were ited with Kalan Alf Romeo 126 RCM engines “Toes pay eo wuporasanKonr yee pes 1938 Atrio of Heinkel He-iSB Shtrkels on thei way to attack adversary positions during 1938 manocavres 44 tr Gnarapeen exam ‘One ofthe fist wo Junkers Jw-2/3m to he mastered by Bulgarian crews the type was given the Bulgarian service designation of SvaOrapwnnre aerateam ‘spraimanero wa Comune Sane wa wostre annaun ojurishe on 27 June 1937: the day’ new bate colours were ro nose na Boxypnme npem ———Herono aesmwecrno wn bopsimpowann ap bopae I na 27 rn 1937 ‘pena erpos ua woexara ‘ceremonially consecrated itis Majesty Tar Boris I rete the ranks lined Sp before thir Dornier Dot Prilep bombers Kowanampas tna Bynayunmure voix tia Hapereo Buarapus anon Bac Bote, pawn Dore oan HORT 28 tna Guttapexore rpncxanerno meapaacianara ce Mom Ha xspxanata Happ 1938'r nara. BewGapanponan Do-I1 ,Ipusen™ aaetwo c worpeGureate Ar-6S Polkornik Vasil Roydey, Opes, He-St Coca w PZL-24B osterped™ rin-Chiet in late 1930s almed to demonstrate the returning might dom of fn and its Services to the Bulgarian public: Do-It Prlap bombers Bulara’sVasdushnl Voyski with Ar6S Ore, Hel Soko, and PZL-240 Yaxre Fighters Aerial Army, 1938 45iekonovo ao or ofpmiaonia opannre ype expat, 1939 After debriefing Tealning Oak Trop Yai at Paya The 3.Am Moro #10 na 3-H ApweleRH Opank € "an miewe y4acrie wi noionre Manenpt KAYO PLA) ‘enter a upaeo osenwene Ortgk Trop Yato deploys at afl erodrome for manoeuvres, were wil be under direct Army command Marpetrren PZL-2I slerpet exe erawapren vaaowaaen ean "A PZL-24B Yaxreb Ina standard Bulgarian camouflage scheme 46 async OfjacwnTe nAOTH Heer ‘Heinkel He-72 ,Kanapse” Instructor Jelyu Manolo highlights some handling niceties ofthe Heinkel He- "7 Kanarche to traineesserpeburen FW:S6 ~Konap™ Final briefing by the instructor before departare ina FW-S6 Komar - Ad the debriefing after the mission a”FW-S8 ET ,Thine nexolpe aanveH repnaei OF An FWS8 F-l Gulud with Incompletly removed German tl insignia FWS8 BEL woxe ma ce wanozsna karo aex OowSapanpona, pasyananaTeeH 1 a ofysne na examaac or mmorosecraara aan 3a or6pann OT suanatcui na potwamsonn notpebnream panosara erypesn yeranoe: a a4 orapanc wa snwaivona Kapresnta c wuerOPeH KANG The FW-S8 B- could be use a ight bomber, Feece machine, and multe iahter defence comprised a gun turret for Mitingrapid-fring ifecallre antialreraft weapons ce 3 aunareswre a y¥ebu0-rpeunpom anne ia aerue Karasaioe aan ne a 1938 olficers preheat the engines ofa FW-ld Vrabche before orie a Kazanluk in 1938 ie 3: cae is Ss ae . a7.) 48eg “Ssh ru ‘Hap bopne IT oraexan eam oF nononpowonenennve caworera AP-3 ,Tapean-S™ “Rar Boris I inspecting» newly-produced DAR-3 Garan-3 49Yecdum (FWS6 ,Kowap*) 1 Goiinn wep (PZL-24B sslerpet"), monpereni 98 ore EWS6 Komar fighter trainers and {he real thing: PZL-24B Yasrebe ‘on parade. AAP. sFapnant « aitao6pene ‘epiina npownnciian Guta fe canoner npeam Bropara eeroen sods, paren tame 38 apestero | ft ce noses aaGonra a Guarapensre ser The DAR'S Garvan-3 was Bulgaria's most suceesfal production machine prior tothe Sccond World War, esedlent performance and banling much loved by plots 50 eH eameTe MpaTH Heinkel" HeSIB Cova” “and thee comrades, he Heinkel He Sokol‘Eu oF aupente 12 anne canoer PZL-AB, naayenn uper 1938, nance manwouaien Kavya a orsuuresi Dae (One of the frst PZL.-4fs delivered In 1938 with camouflage and national PZL-AB Sai cen anapuiue eanane 'N PALI Chey after forced landing How HONEY Ho NapupyT € annelunre PZB alia® 'A group Might by PZL-ASB Chaya army areraft Th TAPS upon A DAR Gara’ before Might stCOrpaternane un rpyno8 noaer » erseren Goeu pes | NENE jane Heinkel” = He? «Kanapse “Heinkel He-72 Kanarcher training for cose. formation group sospanserenna or Ghatapesara ops ZLB expe repwauciire Helnkel™ elnkel He S1B Sokol‘Casonern PZL-Z4B ,SlerpeO or exrpebureanoro avo ma obpasuoees ‘pank ua aerate Bosse, 0 KoeTo MenoepezcroeH0 upunpuna croamara na Haperao Bharapns. Te ca nal-xoumue wsrpeGare na Byuupamre voix npetw navaaoro aa Bropera excrouna vosia PZ1-248 Ystrebs of te Bojarshe Training Orik Fighter Yao which ‘fered ease cover of the capt the type was Bulgaria's mest powerful fighter prior to the Second World War TERHDS 8 TpANEHOPTEM ,JunKers™ W-S2/5m e1ex nopeswis yeneu [A Junkers Ju-52im Sopa transport’ cre after a succesful mission IAP. e amyaonarup aspeeuo mi, wopaboreno oF Gx 'A;DARCS witha hand-mide Bulgarian twin-bladed54 A Bulgarian IRS FD CuNeoH Tepuowcs © PRE peecens no mnazyaa or Suara lot lew water from the River Jordan ‘of Crown Prince Sineon Tarnorsk mona OF pes "0p aptsPeNouT wa AeuravenuTe © mug oUIaaGaNe Slemens” Sh-22B wa ‘awoaer ,Dornle™ Do-It pues Maintenance fora Dornier DI Pris ar-cooed Siemens ‘Ho mpecnoGorancannn warpeGures AN” B-SM ,lloran. Ha wacr oF [A freshly pinted Avia B-S34 Dogan: sme aeroplanes’ cowlings and fselages ‘were coloured in blue rpeGwresm Ava" B-SM Jovan ee 20CTaBHMETO nM OF ORHAN “esoesosaka, owe Ged anecen waunowaim ors Sai Ava H-534 Dogan fighter after delivery from occupied Crechosovakla: ett be applied enen ywebun worpeGurean ,Avia™ B-122 Oca", neve 244HeaeuH W rrpeGwresnara nicaaa ~ nerae Kapono, ccera wa 1939 (Czechoslovak Avia B-122 Our fighter-rainers deployed atthe Fighter School ‘at Karlovo Airfield in autumn 1939 55pean nasaaoro na nonernre for Avia S34 fighter plots‘Taxruxo-rexumueckn aannn Ha camoaerure, nsnoassann or Haperso Brarapuat meaxay qnere cxerosim noi Operational Data on Aircraft flown by Bulgarian Aircrew between the World Wars Topanea | Bye Boma, [Toaraven | —_ Pawepr,m loi] Ce [Tanas, [lane | Dropanenne rpowsoouren |avriem | sym | womwocr, | _Dimensons,m | wo. | pocr, | moana, awarera me pune cena] 20, | kav ewer | nou | 5 Aira! | Manufacturing | Number | Crew | Engine Span | Wing | Gross | sped, |Ceiig,|Range,| Armament | Configuration ‘Tye ‘aon |Impatol Numbers | Type, Area, (Wee, | kmh | om) ka kp | Kies 7 ai >t] s [el*/s/s]o [ula B u [oer Vit | pana 2 | 2 | Amani, [S70 | @qo [onz0 | aa | 142 | oo | 550 s rn Face a Biplane [cask $39 | bpm 3 | 2 | ws | tan [roan [ago | oan | ie | eo | wo ‘ua Fae 10 Biplane [irs Lacie~ | BeamoGperanm | 1 | 2 | Lua, | 731 | 9a? [anio | 50 | IS) | sow | 730 S ‘wa Britain nao Biplane [senior | pan 2 [2 | ce_| eo | too |aaso [7m | a0 | 3000 | — Bren Fn 0 Biplne [2052 [Beamabpranmn | 1} 2 Bra | 806 [1097 | 3ae@ | 1100 | 150 | HN | 3H 2 aan Batain 180 Biplne [Rar NT | dpa oF] ae Pasa Teno | ano SiO | THO] —ovdarBos | Besa Fence 0. MOke | Blane [Basar 204 | Bemotprama | 4 | [HS] 795 [lige | anas | 150] wr | Sumo] 70 = ima Bein 190 Bipane Sool S18 [Heros | 12]? | Waer NZ | 6a | Tom | BASW | SS] Tao —| Ha] SO Tan Coscia @ Blane Nea TSO | Ta eC = Bua Iu a0 e Biplne [enka [Teper a : Mowousi Geary 20 Mosepane [aio 73 [Team F_ [2] Wiens Prge@ [1870 [900 | Fans | S000 |oo0 = ‘Bua Germany +0 | Biplane AD Teva T | 2] Wiig, [1300 1800 | S650 [3000] ar a0 | THO = Movant Geman 20 Mowplne [akon 23 [evan T_ | 2 Bmw, | 830 | ina | 3200 | 00 | tm) sw | 7 Mowonae Germany is opine [ka He? fem ce ee = ama Germany 300 I Biplanea ™ [kes WH | pam 7 ras0 | 1780 | 44a0 | 2100 [20s | 4000 | 1000 = Meson Germany Momoplne [Caer 0) pans T TH | TAS | BHO | SoD |S | SO | TT ‘Moworaar Fanee Monplne [iene eB epwamr @ Tome | 1130 | 3am0 | 2e10 | 250 | 3000 | Tam | —_—_2NG, [Bans Germany Sento 0g Bile [ake HeSTB [Tepe 2 HO [Tipo [aa | woo || TN | 7G [Bums Germany Biplane [Done Dott [epee @ TED | 2630 | CO | KOO] 260 | HOO | VW TMG, | Moss Geresny Gowan 60g | owas [Aaa Aras [Teper @ BHO | TRO | SEO | BO | | Ta | 3 TMG [iain Germiy Biplane rae Toma @ TO [TOTO [aI | ato | TMG Nowa snd Mowpla rae Toma 6 370 | 100 | 2680 | 30 || oD 3G | Novo Pad 6 0 kg | Monpne [uke 10525 [eps z Twa0 | 2925 [ita fiom | 30s [a0 0 5 Moron ‘Gemany Monoplne FSB Tepe 7 TW | aIsO [aT | Baw |S | ST | TO TMG} Noworsar ‘Gemaay Gout 120g | Moniplane [sie eT? [Tepe e FO | 390 | BO | SHO) IH | aan | RaN 5 uma ‘Germany Biptoe rete Tepe é Fm [Tose | Toe | | | ame |S ING | Moweaan Germany Monopine rer Tipit = FRO] 300 20 | BOO ||| = Fama can Biase [Air BH [Yoxosomana | TE Tio] 9a [Baw | TH | a | OS ING Bana Ceca onan 40g ipane [Laer S38 [Yexciomns | a Tae [aH AO | Rw | Bao | 2NG, | Baas ezchorka 50 Gontrbts 50k | Biplane air BA | Yoxoromns | a Cesc ca aos 60k | Mommie |B MIO | Newcomen — | —1P GR [TS [AES Yoo | BONBON THT | ING, Monon Csschras 0 foubutombs 1400 ke | Moola a ava, | Go | RB [B00 | ow | 2m Fo | SHO = im Creches 338 Blane [Aas A300 | Yexenomnn | 1 Wa, [1320 [1920 | 4550 | Goad 300] T000 PTH) | ING Moon Coscia ‘ot oud 40 kg | Monplne pwsae Tous T Skoda, | 7a 9a |a500 [aa | 00 | a | a TMG | Baan Pela 2 Bilan‘Taxruxo-rexmyecki ann a caMtozerure, Kowerpy§par 1 npornexenn or /Iopaannara aeponanua paGoruanmia (1924-1939 r) Operational Data on Aircraft designed and manufactured by the DAR National Aeroplane Workshops (1924-1939) Tor [it | ma) —ee, oem |e | Gam | Tn | Jae hepa | Apaananee [Rin] Tame [son gem | sem, |__ leg | ne | yo | | nam ‘ams pm canmer |e ee RY pom eae] sey | tak i fom | naeme som | per | nou | "ig | art | mbar | cow | tage | em | San | wig | | spe, | ct, | Range, Arman Payor | Cai | st Type {Prat Sunbes] Te ‘ren | gic | Ame || km vain | lore Me | ie a 3 Fperarape [ma | lamer ‘2 Me Rosen |B yee ||| ee Pa ||| Trapani ‘eGo |Buar—|5 iam Ey ato Gober | Bsn laa a z Yee | as Te @ Tone | Dinine lane er a aie | eae || | = Yeser [msn |e o Tne |i la fa] | Wie, | aw aie | ae | i | | wo = Yaser [Bm a Tone | sipiee [ARS [opmomn) Yamin ik [9a | Tigo | sion | wee | ae | ae | = Teeboscor [Bm | OT ‘00 abate | pee [APS Hsp] 2] Gomes [Sit] Tigo | aa [is | a0 |e | ear : Teetteor [Bm | 07 i 0 crater | pe a a us “esp | pe a : Neropesonar [ean [150 Tex 23) ‘Wea ney pe [are Ym Tah s | S| aS] | ae] S| | we 2 Fespawpemne [mar | 5 s ‘eae Tae | Be GaSe] em aa | ae || |e = Temerese [en | 157 Sau Revenue | Bene [ares —[apowma| Tw | wae | a ae - Fesospompee [Bama | 5 ‘Aer Tine | Bene [TARTS [ipowma | 1 | To ea eT ‘Gnparer | Nowe | 150 tice —_| Noe liars Wena, | Te | aT | eae | ae |e | Bor |e Faonepon |u| 5 in ‘soe Tri | Bae IAPS Japon] Wer oS | |e | : Feeonenponna [Bar| 5 is ‘ae! |S lars ERR | Tp | Seo | EB a | aw | Fraps Msn | Same | 1 [See ou 20 arapse [pice‘Taxruxo-texmneekn ann a cowozersre, KOKETpyHpaH H NponsBexenn oT Gabpuxa ,.uarapeK Kanpoun (1924-1939 «) Operational Data on Aireraft designed and manufactured by the Bulgarski Caproni Factory (1924-1939) Ft wpa] eres, Peemen [aw | Gor [a | ae Buopseme Teter ce] Tome Irmsem| spon | sour | pen || ae, ae | ep (aves ce ae eae oer] mm | Sk m fava 'sortm eer [tom | "he seat | ectr| cow | tage | tn | pe | wr | coe | spt |i | Rng seman repos | Cnt: | Te [Prd |Nantes| Tp, Ava, | eg | tan | om | kn rate | Howe ue 7 | ae ier a 2 | wis | ar [we pe | oo [ae | oo | oo 2 Vaseorpauganes | Baur | OH ea “at ie | Ban Rea |e apes |e rise aT re [ae sr Se 5 Fisipepome | Ba | Ed ‘se Tra | Sie a re etarpeapaves | Ga | 6 a ‘wel Tie | Be a ro = Teebmepeneenes | Sa | aT 0 been eet | Bele a Tepe vsebmteer | Bar | 18 vin 20 Gombe | Beka |S | 2 | wenn | aw | [Sw |e | ms | ww | Tepe yarn | Bern | 157 a Seton sree _| Be H3TOUHHI BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Lauson J. Buacranoossane wa poownTa anna 8 Busrapus » uepwoat 12. LBA, 1049, on 1 30,2. 10-35, 1919-1929 r, pasoame,c. 3 2. IBA, 2314, on. 1,2. €2,. 76. 3 Mroasion, FL. Amara wosayxonsasanero 1 se. Maer ILC, 1997. 11 4. Hleropns na acetara aniauon wa Baars, Hneriryr 20 noosa nero- ‘papa l| na BA. C., 1988. e. 43, 5° Cmtpon, CL. Hauxon. Crpabosnin na caxonernre, npowspeses 8 Br Pu. C, 1997. c. 33-35, 6. Tax tam, 38-39 7. Bopncaanon HP Kypuoon, Cayonetre ma Boarapa. Hacr1.C. 196.73, 8. LBA, 1049, on. Iya.e. H4,.1.9-15. 9. Cron, C. un, Capon ma canoer © 2527 10, Latvon, J, Buacranonsmate a nocniara asians 11. Cuon, 50 Uomn Crpenounr na owas 5, rl Brarapn pes wo 13 Mlax ts, a. €. 46,1 123-125, a 57, 2. 74,75. 14, Cinpon, C.J. Haron. Capabosuin ia eawonerit. 6 110. 15. lar vas, "112. 16. Macaton, i. Anwawurra n msnayxonsanasere, 17 UIBA, @ 1049, on, 1, a ©. 90,2. 88, 137-140. 18 Mar ax, 19, Heropit a Semnrara spruepi n Sonmiopaerrte soca» Buarap- ‘cara apt, Hucrityr 28 posh veropus ~THL C., 1995, e. 18. 20, Cunpoo, aso. panos ua canoes. 60, 63,117,121. 21. Hoiten, X. Corosmanrre na Typraape C., 2000, 138. 22, Tax raw 23, Crmpon, C.J. Haro. Cupanowuns na camonerite.. ¢. 68,126, 132. 24 Masasos, fl Anan w msunyxonsananero... c. 25-27, 25. Thx tam, 30, 31. -€.19.