Standard Specification
for
Wood Products
AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 168-84 (1990)
1. SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides a com-
pilation of specifications covering com-
‘mercial grades and species of lumber and
‘other wood products for highway con-
struction as indicated below. More
detailed requirements will be found in the
various specifications cited for specific
products,
LLL Lumber
1.1.2 Strvctural-glued Laminated
Timber
1.1.3. Piling
Ld Posts
2, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1 AASHTO Standards:
2.1.1 M133 Preservatives and Pres
sure Treatment Process for Tim-
ber
2.1.2 Standard Specifications for High
way Bridges
2.2 ASTM Standards:
2.2.1 D 25. Specifications for Round
Timber Piles
2.2.2 DI165 Standard Nomenclature
for Domestic Hardwood and
Softwood
2.3. American Road and Transportation
Builders Association (ARTBA):
2.3.1. Bulletin No, 268 A Guide to Stan
dardized Highway Barrier Rail
Hardware
2.4 National Hardwood Lumber Asso-
‘ciation:
2.4.1. Rules for the Measurement and
Inspection of Hardwood and
Cypress Lumber
2.8 National Bureau of Standards
(Bs):
2.5.1 Voluntary Standard PS 20
American Softwood Lumber
Standards
2.5.2 Voluntary Product Standard PS:
56 Structural-glued Laminated
Timber
3. CLASSIFICATION
BAL Species of wood:
3.1 The standard commercial and
botanical names of the species of wood
recognized in the specification are as
described in ASTM D 1165.
BALL Some species may be covered
under more than one set of grading rules.
In such cases, the applicable grading rules
shall be as specified in the contract.
3.1.1.2 Some grading rules provide
for the inclusion of additional species
under the established commercial name of
the lumber,
3.1.2. Limitation of Use:
3.1.2.1 Wood for structural purposes
shall not be used in exposed permanent
structures without pressure impregnation
‘ofa preservative in accordance with
AASHTO M 133,
3.1.2.2 The heartwood of the follow-
ing species is high in decay resistance and
‘when specified may be used without pre-
servative treatment:
Softwoods Hardwoods:
Bakdcypress Chestnut
Cedars Locust, Black
Junipers Osage orange
Redwood Walnut, Black
Yew, Pacific
3.2 Hardwoods:
3.2.1 Hardwood products shall be
‘graded in accordance with Rules for the
“Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood
‘and Cypress Lumber.
3.2.2. Use classification, manufactur-
ing classification, and size classification
shall be as outlined in the reference cited
in Section 3.2.1
3.3 Softwoods:
3.3.1 Grading —Softwood lumber
shall be graded in accordance with grad:
ing rules which conform to the basic provi-
sions of NBS PS 20 and are adopted by a
lumber grading or inspection bureau or
agency recognized as being competent.
33.141 Softwood lumber intended for
structural use with design stress shall be
siress-grade lumber graded in conform-
ance with nationally accepted standards
such tha the lumber will meet the
required stress values listed in Section
1.10.1 ofthe AASHTO Standard Specifi-
cations for Highway Bridges.
3.3.1.2 Design values using ASTM
Standards or developed by grading rule
agencies may be used provided they were
developed in accordance with the nation-
ally accepted standards. The Engineer
may request a report from the rules-weit-
ing agency explaining how the design
values of working stress and modulus of
elasticity were derived.
3.3.2. Classficarion— Softwood lum-
ber shall be classified according tothe
use, manufacturing and size classifications
listed in NBS PS 20 as outlined below.
3.3.21 Use classifications shall be
Yard Lumber, Structural Lumber, and
Factory and Sbop Lumber.
3.3.2.2 Manufacturing classifications
shall be Rough Lumber, Dressed (Sur-
faced) Lumber, and Worked Lumber.
3.3.2.3. Size classifications shall be
[Nominal Size Designations of Boards,
Dimension, and Timbers; Rough Dry
Sizes; and Dressed Sizes.
3.3.3. Stress Grading—Appropriate
[ASTM Standards and other nationally rec-
‘ognized technical standards shall be used
to develop working stresses and modulus
of elasticity values for Stress Graded
Structural Lumber.
3.3.3.1 Design values developed by
grading rules agencies may be used pro-
vided they were developed in accordance
with the nationally accepted standards
“The Engineer may request a report from
the rules-writing agency explaining how
the design values of working stress and
modulus of elasticity were derived.
2534. PRODUCTS
4.1 Lumber:
4.1.1 All lumber shall conform with
the applicable softwood or hardwood lum-
ber grading standards. The following
requirements shall be specified in the pur-
chase order:
4.1.1.1 ‘The nominal dimensions:
thickness, width, and length of each item
required.
4.1.1.2 The grade required or the
stress-grade rating of lumber required,
including any special requirements, such
as provisions for heartwood content, free-
dom from wane, seasoning condition, etc.
4.1.1.3 Manufacturing classification
such as rough, dressed, or worked lumber.
4.1.1.4 The allowable species accord-
ing to standard commercial name.
4.1.1.5 The name of the agency that
‘will be responsible for grading, inspecting
and grade marking the lumber,
ae ee eee
4.1.1.6 The year of issue of the appli-
cable grading rules.
41.1.7 Preservative treatment
required
4.2 Structural-Glued Laminated Tim-
ber:
4.2.1 Requirements for the dimen-
sions, grade combinations, lumber for
laminating, appearance grades, adhesives
and laminating of structural glued lami-
nated timber as well as inspection and test
procedures, marking and the certification
by a qualified inspection and testing
agency shall be in conformance with NBS
PS 56,
43. Piling:
4.3.1 Round timber piles shall con:
form to ASTM D 25.
44 Posts:
4.4.1. Posts shall be of sound wood,
free of decay, excessive knots and insect
attack and shall otherwise conform to the
provisions of this specification,
4.4.1.1 Fence Posts—Posts shall be
preservative-treate in ecordance with
Section 3.1.2 except where the contract
plans permit use of decay-resistant varie-
ties, Posts to be driven shall be machine-
pointed prior o treatment
44.1.2 Guardrail Posts—Guardral
posts shall bea ses grade of 8.2 MPa
(1,200 psi or more conforming tothe
applicable standards contained in ARBA
Bulletin No. 268. When a preservative is
required, framing and boring shall be
completed prior to treatment in accord-
ance with AASHTO M133.
4.4.1.3. Sign Posts—Rectangular
posts shall be surfaced four sides (S48)
conforming othe provisions to this spec
fication. When a preservative is required,
framing and boring shall be completed
proc to treatment in accordance with
AASHTO M 133