CHAPTER 4 CRITERIA AND TERMINOLOGY USED FOR THE CHARACTER IZATION OF TERRAIN UNITS. 44 GENERAL APPROACH “The qualtative/emi-quanttatve landscape approsch to terran classifiation sas deseaibed in Chaptor 3 bepas with the determination of the (min) po- morphologic units, ie, the main landforms and/or a complex of (minor) landforms, though they may be combinations of those landforms forming ter fain systems and train provinces. Tevain parameter, as specified in Chap ter, may form the basis of subunits. They should however, be rearranged {o form manageable, practical train unis and terrain components. This tr rain clusication concept should produce logical mapping units, ie. the gross Structure or environments should be recognizable on'a map. The delineation of promorphologe units appears wo lend iself quite wel, becuse three aspects of such units, Le, general relief type, rock/sediment type, and genes (gelog- ical and geomorphological processes acting in the past and at present), aso foray an essential part of the terran attributes. The objective to create a terrain terminology capable of characterizing a certain train type with a minimum of words This seems posible only if ‘omorphologe terms are wed. The following examples may eludicate this approach (a) Ploodpain 1 General ree type: flat tern 2 Rock/sediment type. unconslidated dastic material, e, grave, sand, sit, ot 3 Genesis Avil origin (iver ation. ‘his landform further includes an environment with young, alla, badly rained alluvial sos, continuous accumulations and regular foods (8) Strcturaly controlled lnestone plateau | Genera reef type = Mat or gently sloping tran, bascally standing out from ite suroundinge limestone structure and ook type fs dominant, ie, nearhod- zonally bedded, relatively resistant limestone, in ‘which only minor weathering and dissolution features, “This landform further includes an environment with deep, well developed soils, moderately well druined ina stable condition, (6c) Erosion sacs (or pediment) om granite 1 General rie type : gently doping terrain; straight to slighty concave 2 Roek/sediment type 3 Genesis slope; its (upper) boundary withthe hinterland is indicated by a sharp slope discontinuity ‘panite, covered by 2 veneer of debris (sock fag. ments) mechanical weathering and debris transport under arid and semiarid (climatic) conditions. “This landform further includes an environment with shallow sos, low fr tity, well drained and subject to sheet erosion. (d) Coastal plain with Beach rges 1 General relief type + nedrly Mat of geny sloping, undulating terrain by the 3 basically unconsolidated sandy materi sarne origin; sea deposits, frequemly accumulated by longahore currents. Some acolian activity related 10 dune formation ‘This landform (complex) includes an environment with lite developed soils, wel drained inthe higher sndy portions (old beach ridges) and badly Aained in the low portions (sve) (e) Cone of ¢ srato-voleano 1 General relief type: step to very step (soated) conical hill or moun- mixture of dipping lava and lose volcanic deposits volcan origin intermittent eruptions of lava and pyroclastic materials ‘This landform includes an environment susceptible to gully erosion shallow to moderately deep solls and well drained (1) Sandstone hogbock 1 General elie type: step to very steep, elongated, nearly symmetrical ridge sespy dipping sandstone Structural cig steeply dipping sandstone layers crop out due to tectonic and denudational process ‘This landform includes an envionment with shallow to moderately deep soils, well dained and susceptible to erosion 2 Rock/sediment type 3 Genesis 2 Rock/seiment type 3 Genesis 2 Rock/sediment ype 3 Genesis 2 Rock/sediment type 3 Genesis 42. KEY LIST OF POSSIBLE TERRAIN UNITS AND SYSTEMS ‘The following list may serve asa guide to a terrain clasifiaton wing rele asthe staring point. It doesnot, however, pretend to be complet rock types and other (parameti) deals may be added. For 2 morphogenetic terrain sliication the reader is refered to Chapter 7. A Fat to gently sloping tern Floodplain(G3)__ Preparation of a legend table for the applied geomorphologke map, dig the romorphlope uns ad he (1) gtr le en (2). (nowt jd crane type (3) ac, inet aad 2d oe, {Grouse emson neti dome (3) Dad nd fad masta ty coe (6) sbaon/okanltqake had end (7) ening ect wal duplis te mun applied peoorplg sp (ome ‘iy the romeo pe mopping uni, he. morphogenessané mrp "tc sn th map (opel he roceneto and ind eve ‘Spt batt my pre al noma folie # ie hd 1715 PROPOSED LEGEND (REPRESENTING THE MAPPING UNITS) FOR {SENIDETAILED GEOMORPHOLOCIC MAP ‘he fos an crespnting mopping units a dad according to el orogens and equ, frre acing te ma Polo Tho poetic ces dana, ech hn fe fo 17 {nbs The a a the nied ltr amber cde (eg. BF ee). ‘recommended both he cacaion dung the proceso polo ‘con ad the fil cartopaple raetton of the ey eth map [nents een he clo chur othe eerste a Caper 5nd the riot dorms an procs etving Solu les ‘gpd TC textbook V2 (Werstappen a Yan Zadan, 19873). “The flowing Unt costae te gonetflags epg wns wich et be dicted the poner sadeton fst aes oe toi Gonos ‘hi ‘eg ling topo Sip molest dss ee een te 1 haly topogapty. a Se pe ery dnece Seg pac tm een tom's bap of cron) Neat ae unin alg top Pot Sty dtd 2 Durant eps yy DS esepian Cote ut on chcertes pen ea ei oe a too Steins ni ema’ aoetutaercnard een Orton Perrine goceeecree ee amin. Be ee See aoe oe ty Ge D1 Anu wae mis ps try ey ig ‘Sete. (Slae dr a Baas Di Bade Sten to very sly ein ona fa Sore aimee i Foind weed ance ype) ecm tf tle i 8) St Undltigg to aing Gent tg madre spin Lepore th ogee Hacc, eee py 7m ae a 0 ‘Sony pater Gent © moderaay spy sing sitet Spy a tw cl ot elimi ede wots $5 Rolin ly tpg Moly aly spi wah eget” Meal 0 ey St Sn of chino 4 My to mowsuness —Modentey wet to vey sep don nda topoe —tpopanhy ih hae er hades Socatagt | Sov ae mie ei Scones sie pies ‘Eo get pa 2nd et pe et oe ae hepasu ass od ta ‘Symi! aed atc ‘lpn ne aes Ine apart ‘eaten detec Host uplands plo cate man Votan cons (at Vola ans (as Seer dor ter eta eee ilps ea ey doping ck Ap nd ety ie Bl od “ty re te. shia a ices Sear fered alae s * Node to tay Saeed Gente co oddity seep sage. ‘ign po Sy ik Nodrely seep sped 1 Mew. Sy tomy fe 1 ey dpi cone en Eo ey Ser eee Bake nodes diac Vege pe to Hoe Sty See ae Sip 16 odeiey eae Stes Sop (ad ad monterey Forming was of Ra ig Yo onde Sela nor fone a ona rae sito tle aie elton ae ‘ona ae Yon etn Re bas aes ad sane ‘edo speed ‘et shane Frail ee, vi ‘ed ar Gente to modesty sep dope, ‘Sere aint Cee ed om ioral pe Sa mde psp Sep a te ne Sip modesty nce Sey gy hy So Afni dase. 7 a ney soy re Sip 8 mobeny Sec ety pg ung Sige aby ‘Sec Bak Sleep oy ep lps sina to Ba ‘denied by rate of bag Nidan Sty hades Sees? ic ely Ney Aa, ep tpogphy wh tal Saas pe Water bi. peered Sob et ere rent, Ft gary, ees Siren ae aes halon ene Spee eras aeFe ene fo peeeeceee eats CRs cee eres eterna Peete ope ra Sera secre > etm Se ey sy eee Seer ores 7 esas ae eer eee ru isccao) even ees ‘Spot payor ey Rosas MIT" Mig wee cot pat Nett gl open, py hod foe SE ue py on oe sr mt tons M2 Mae ei and notch Step to exten op Hop ree net is opopae Pec Sr se pm iy ot cE he uty ga ‘ie fb a ees [nEsin dtgoaty tcc yd Sparen, Se ue ae ee ae a aye Sates mayen M6 Acme ut es iy ae rg oy (Giclee) dame oe Se eet a a soe M7 imstie oe donmant_ Gently to neg dang toon su dine th Sond aa ee Jeane me itn ie nt dena nq Nonneattd a it eget ats see ipa a at ate et cpap Ree Ranga id oe aos amsmpping ato ta art pneu Kadena ‘pe and ha Kupteldeneatinal Sy acorn sree ws i eee einem Neatly ft tpopapy disc by ta (Seetwhch He ade ty wa a Seige ot ty ‘suey a grace and Ss Spat Sc ce ee” Sino nah cary esd ea fat 0 get sping a Sig moray’ to ft fi) esealy ot Sod ange ye es Tres opp of ig col od te ch soe aly pm sty cowed by wags vp pg of ig cn Fat, ela tpopphy of ny dent ‘oi Pauly Tbe he tae fi ted, yd nd {sepa od cons bt ent fat, undliag cpappy,f- {emty Ine hin dp Wott ied aeons Sensor ce Saas Si Siereeare prise Ses ase Beer eare poe ean eens ‘toa! premioKES Coa kt oo Moe ors op pa {27d ppio shaped and pogo de tremocr copa and gids 6 Tower ba ion Vary tpt ete tp ited sent! ime MAY Cg rms owe hy) ‘oe roman prong a x nt at onaing papas Uk 17 Nat il pms oy top cand Sia ile or hil anes Ck 6) Not or big ic Sioa oa 8 Xa boveimatgal Ney ft ogra ope, ty ie las Suet ‘Sotealy ony rely Mood 9 Major alegder ‘Selly deprnons equa: Bop car seta ot rly ane K 1D Poe Lae, dong depron, freuen elo foe iba com SRE ee ak ae K 11 bry at ene) Gay to mosey sel ing Sa eaten wie Mee ales er soln depen (ator) sa acu K 12 Kast anon Cent a moderate sep soe ‘Slap ays ‘Sits wih way tty tear peal SS gl al bons Fomine tn G1 Pesci ow a Sew ore cove os acer ee 62 Nan and gs Gent sey sping eeu de ee antl fa eda yt oo ‘hci wou vale ‘ie ays Zone ith pot, Ou pia gut wn Shy sone SENG me hey enay toca Sew Sl Ml and ig sry sy es Taare, ce ary ore aaa ssodeach distaeg™” AN Std one fle Nonatrtd ane fs oe, min dane See ars ‘Unda slg opty wth Tot fs ft fom dc ped ts conuout an ent tous oh der ef {pn nowcsinn sd eaiety anal ated aa of and Towtly dant oataur ors 3 ‘jr baed dune ety a 0 edt og Dw deen Neat tt sing tp vd by # do pots‘CHAPTER 9 PHASES IN THE PROCESS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION ‘The epee or guy of enfiaton pombe Inthe seronopk pot nage depend gyn the ihr yf the bt under dy Ste ots sha sbi ahd oud ele Be he Ptoinap tug the acta shy ny ops ve pends on the See the gaty ofthe plotoinage an such inna sts he per Postion of ogra eg, te ong rst dows sd cutee ob Sees nich mel sobre water td nny ok per beet Sibiu pata lotto om the econ pti oe se; here duton sold be employed to at maaan canton Tha he mala mast wy Petrie edd act sens be mbit eth fd ané bor isto Tn th cot, shots inert ony techie dene Lnowee ad epee of he do sd ae eel er ts elect eT mas ever fr the ‘Ses ole and iden the aj and 0 ake propane forte fost mene a pred lev or er set pi en “The compl att which elle ptostespetation cn be sen at» os tha an be did it tube of pases Thove psc nl rg {be ieee popes Go os winate pa hag fhe man ‘uct foatin from th poo wth pl tote pacar Rup or rch be vegies Ue Geeray four phe eed = his ng (its ttectom tfopton tl etfxicn) = ‘ny wl be diced athe Coin etn 191, PHOTO READING (DETECTION, RECOGNITION AND IDENTIICA- ‘now Detton, copsion ad enfin Deng 1 he pa in seca photopapi terrain and ee he it chen of et ‘Sn fern ble onthe plats "A nie ctmpehenre ta or these ter mp phat The fis ep pao fending 5 "tection, te mete dicey tat sory te” The sind sep copie”. Tsouph hr tape ae {nd ote ue propre, th inyete eng» fara oct Fe fay re esc Sanat whch he et on Te ex i polos le mel pot a gw apd oh ina ey Sad loco Sone Ce hen Chiasson wm ty lly oie No pe ‘Out wo fa orp tous nd Wen mcs bt imc ito oily tn dnp ents ah oot bo Aer drmine “A pr ee lw eld forth lb ‘Sig Gace of pt pro ewe “he pce o cp ed iin mb ed byte pon argh Thee toy bt eas the ys mee 1 tenga o a copie “Ove eon te et Ot cberaionmppantid Oy tn tv of cn tthe mateo ces ete bot al pag spc sunny oboe vc ol eee i eat fine of marcn he myn Te Secon wih sas {Sern ta get xe y th syne whch he eepte 92. ANALYSIS When acing with the mai pe of the ene, fe cei To choose the ect and furs to beamed Thi hoe wil ‘pend on the teen of a fc whom the rp ing pepe Sah pot wil sat meaning an en eof lope te, ‘Se seamapologst may anaes te nna, wae der und ber or hie ets or nora) A leged eed to the am of the su ‘Goud te mde and ounan hal be dn onthe ml photogs ‘ecnting fot pm Any ey net didg te ae {ph nto cnsivet prs, which donee the bn of + quae and ‘alae elton cei ds of ae or ates If smo Fetal apowh swat th fallen tain cn be auing Lei ems wy Tog orig ptr 1 Soule enphased tha if he ays i be of ny ae soa be state The pointer ole mot nse fees a ade, Salpeter beni 93, CLASstFIcATION Ae the aa plete epee may sop with Ms pointe ton tess be the aaj the ce pal repo eter formant be ete troup fd sera Tunis eto be compued on the bude f vay yal a ka tantra Keotind on te photog the pocotoatl ine tie sit compan ad on the died care ‘Ss the ene mug fom the ans inves te tid pa asin ccion Ie ceri Bayne seta pote enon t,he hed se nay pe oot al ntoraton eed, Petes pemurghopesaney what 4 wots ceton might el iF ec te yo ey eo he tah Bo the shoe omar gt ets to d (ne) fark or fe es ‘int Theat he nay fod +s cela btw, xa, he ‘Spot wis and ansaid he Ba hs pote 94 pepuctioy duties comdrd to tes fourth pase of sl pa inapetatin d'etat he conn tepaphicsbentis and kv den om ote ures edt (Ege noms eat ens be Sed from th photons alone he tm "edie sos wh he ret aes sso ths on he tae of number of pata stenatons comer tot Suloug sch craton tke nay wo er fe 8 ‘lane Th wat hs ben led "oe dens” Dednon canbe cones nbrent poe 9 very Pie of photo Interpeatio ecpt Geen ch tt me iets poe Hal AL ‘cntan hu edy een nw ote wey Bch Sedltn play ale 1S he pw of open aed enon The sof anys td Slaten sn vere © sod de of dedcon "A dco ou wih 8: tens tees i a eat for aston oe xamge,bsd o ‘Euston; on the cose of ema oe aed ne sas mit be 9.5 RULES TO BE USED IN GEOMORPHOLOGIC PHOTOINTERFRETA- ‘nox ‘The tale of potoatrpeaon neds 0 be deeloed alan the Best tal and sent Inc ute interes of 8 poops otal ea he Some of tiga wich we al “pote “n'a stem method essay Employing sch «med shoal lt Bath moe ee amor tml fae pono Interpeon wad ths be bard sot oa on teat cma the Ses mad buon sacing ase by» Sng hopal sn ei Set oor The efor aking the it step hs Bacon ren to KH Sone (1955, Ota ge roe ston to + Qutate Peoch by mening ponent, ge Sige ant, by ng patos ‘Mea (1970/1976) took saute ep forvard by Intodilng M “pbato sop mtrretton cha Wit he a sch dep teeter, daa Yok poety and oe, cnclasns cin be dans “noe, extn td mene eka a srt en tpn ae the son ich pote ul re ithe ap. Sch an apprach exemple ano ‘Sei wamnig td retin ofthe eno mole Ths metho ca ‘eater timecnsing, wet ad tetas com fli ‘icin precacy to ae a cnet intepetsion For gromopologe represen ar tovn by examples the fling cate, mach art iso we ye eaeton ofthe “mana eed pia 1) trom ey» fo fc, ch a rlfimrpelogy, rok sede (Gh) proces nd geese eee at can Be aay ad Ipod guy by an experienced potogromepogs 9.5.1 Stom’s Ke and Tse Appin for Gouri Phaointerre ne of te fat to uy the aerate and mettle f pho. leptin wi Stoel needed four ras fr growl poets (iy atti ou be yrforned metal Le. sew eps Fors gnrpe retain fn be Te stp, coed below (2) “intepetaon told ove fo the esa the peci: or ange, er tna osc mappg or fom meonasinance 1 {led acy lel Thema its oul be nerd before the eta ime tae ower, tenets may be sie hs osu reer ‘Gy Invpreition sould more from the knw 10 he unknown fue Suctig pa nthe prose fara hotosmerpeaon, sch phat tip. ad dnt "Go" The shaopph shoal be syed for phtopapble gees ston Tis Ha be stint et nh pt eding sn aay pave Ss photoepetaion Fo the Sl sitio, oh oman hh ie mele onthe ars photogs may hve to be inde. ‘Stone dingusbed pt sogen hirs, bl the romero cannot fll th sty. Bee om Storey, he Etowing fe eps re cme ater the photoset has ated Y big oe ‘rampart eis) sth (arm) Sl mak, pts umber ia ‘rad pound cont pon, ain) Youd nd Shuttop wean. Thee wl a8 hen al he nape procedure nd ‘he prwle pod rang the Nt. Shep fDi of the rate pater ay anton must Be eto age cel ad pate, nebed ver types, aks, aly et, The diag pater provides the ba {heme vetn nd for frher tad dy of hole po lopgsracae, andl, sd type weston types and the hyip Step 2 Deletion ofthe re ” moptoleg Th can include ht ot heh and ater Ei), ope sep, slope ai bak Spy ope fr, te Tha ep he nay of te {era pot way eats peliiery ceton ft non ‘Step 2. Amis of the rpm ond end ae 1 input oasaer tation soe ad nd we 10 ae covet ‘wc cueton‘Sigbsan specs of eaten fr» romrpoge ‘lene ar poopie aja nce (1) the powace or sbunce of plats (3) the pownce of nestor pty ond (3). Bong or othr pian ptens cued by een in peck, compostion, dest be hgh ft ants "Pe tbe tr can pone aon rpig dos sad ickanawite photopapn Dil spc eft betwen wo sed $0 pert ofthe fot ght cee, thas cng feet Cnet of ey, ad ek deny of powth and ado deoty can abo ito de po "exuded bythe opin of image of nd plano art of punta phtogopi as gen sale Phtotrptes can de Et he tener re of eure orf, tough or ant, etd, Speke naar and new. The ght of plan adhe tte adda ie of tee coves do fl writin te spe 2 pols nection sd ‘hey pode te pomopsaget with fll lamatin cecerng ound Diernssn ssk nd prey ae ected ate vegetation pate Ths th ieee wl sotines bet To scope Inpran Fees acho each etches Stain conte ut slopes Drainage systems and shes celatonship with he surrounding vege {oes bended though oe pteme Het the sue em tes not be we, bt& toed snetton of slog eam fous cn be ed ith oie to wp Sage Gly ee nn he ee hd ot lays er toe hi the sounding lint ns opel rar hr the dnp ne an be sc ap ed dmg corona he al econ wal my ling fx th ‘Sal lertonedrpetton wih folows she sam. Ti vegetation it ‘ed onthe ir curar gine mata the sta lero In hie ‘mane th eatin ype eux nde the lad water codons, {her pring the pomerphlapt 10 daly th ora Bote ‘Stop 4 Any of he thology and ts sete Carlo and tape fone ean be dinghid hoa dp and sen he ae, race of the yes fh Mer), Beas (join, aos ot) vlan proces snd rested rosa fee th enter ond photo Graces a the peyton aly and gly fem, Slings pater, din denaly and rat ops fen wel the apeatne, marplogs, hylan plogolage eens Sep 5. Any nd diatom of sonore map uit end det iodo forms hag and proce "Tie apc be be valaed 3 costacton of he ess ofthe previous fou spe now pope aralaed md sed aes 4 Terttin of st hat bor one Sf the poms of won emer frm "When atl one e peormed ing the four le and ‘ve ep een he past he owes fata photograph Pino) te deed etre il ld mgs tnd he a 2 ‘Enon of th mm nfo and thir development pos, cl) Item dif pmo uitesd ren te gee of 8 {eee ape ate scamgused ood pat tel Be ang Sc fee ae geeFIGURE 142 Sentry ks Thin ttle hu ada). Tet fom: DS. Wa 1973FRGURE 144 Stay cel hd td wd Tx fo DS. Way. 197 a = Saas Oe eae Saeco Sten ‘LEA ee i ncn om mech ean Anite ae ieee : : rechten ped te a inte tn oe aeFIGURE 1423. Monona srctues Reitonhip eee ran aad varus ert darcy wee man wren | Nyy md a ee |Mode bse pats (AD) comple, compound, nd palpate (ER) Eon putin ce ‘sade ange of nae Tmt ko ia wich sen th gee wee esr cones peed th ail sane hich wl fect ‘cag ad sda tmp Sa = : Onde o mci ‘Seu fen tobe ced on eb ft xe of an segments he junto tonto be denpnted tad order poet (nt Figur fe8) Ths eas[ee] Seas me toeeeeineee |e Eee Seo cmtstmarcenecenin Pad aan Tene ea ee ve Somme oo To ee | ‘eretpmnid incwmcenomdie ors teen | Dicom Gente homens 7 ES Sean accel oe hte | eee Sean ot See aes en _ ESS ge Eo. ST reenae | ecg macy | tm ees mt [ee her Sate with Aes | Ceted || Gaiki ms e eaten | = {et dmce oie pden boen a ee ee Diane tented eedieaige | Temetant font [Esk eee eeeTHGURE 164 Methods of sm and pant witing ony oe seam ofthe hight ore Inyo waters and aaa at ‘ed hat Stalers sem of em xing peal eater ply ad sca Drage desty ‘en il ion fe wn AL he te ae ‘ay ot oe Dea ent) (Dy) cine detemied by nein theses on 3 vi potpaphe meade th fot length Land sampaing the lng ame per se es (A) ee edly obvious tn pace, many ftv: fn the dae dey "Ste ft td latin ee epi, al ‘ang dag deny, howe. For eampe, may be obsened the ‘Snepeed ara ck ow low dag devas wheter hey se ‘The Maeied cas einer oss ome hes hand ee ey gh digs dees Perey ofthe Sl nd uneriing ck dob toe fundamen flee ia ey. The Me he pe ‘eshte Lower the dagen" an Fer (9) ence sre iy rt ot tl oe eg ety fi it ry the fags scony perme se om Tend be led atl! ltd tr an inert ny ead tt or hh abu Sealy ing ees er sd tnduns Ths mes sot dna dete vr ie Th ingore to tener Rowe ate pe dag fey may tov tne Gee, ogtem fer ofp cunt fal ‘fcr cma condos ond Fer egy tal {Gmed,epso oe Sno) soma to be gy repent fr ah ge Senay ‘les when they a Oboes thio sagen, an tn ne ei tty ty ome ih “Tee aay eee, bower, ih th eof lo er hao bg ta" Nei be to a bray can alo te tol er the “apd” pomp sn ts ‘een sown that Gangs dusty en «Wal mete nr ample, Iyalope veges ads 1612, Deco fr 3 More Quai HydopaplicInteein bane he ual mp ma te gn of tat = a ee is lage ates See te nes ey iy eres eee eng (2) ming he ae ofthe bs, ig» pola pint. = Maas the er with di pol, bank bight ed bak de. Complete ther ganesh according fo the us tre 162 FLUVIAL LANDSCAPES: RIVERS, VALLEYS AND TERRACES Cis poset ge singe exptions dag psp, an si iy tn mtn ea i, met on ft ne Snes a iy dpe br, {nd hv ed though time-and we Thu fs apmet comin salt ‘Smprand wate te icp fur seoamental cole an be sgt‘Valley types and the procemes of formation Modied wally Fe Secondary hrc Sect, wie wey frm Sete eo gogo ger tan he St erasers vstape vale Soot frm en bn he ee ce bottom ofthe age oh ee! ‘atch | mae Seer ‘Shap form | Pause afer 3 peri of song] eared irae seoria ‘ia es Bem enn | Setoore ae aint vay et ‘streoe es aie” crear bie wad etn Syme fom Bape te se meee J etn are eter eng ow buh tle aySYMMETRICAL FORWS [ASYMMETRICAL FORMS V_ shaped valleys NAS re AE Fi U-shaped valleys x Ae At corres) ‘erate om ee mes fone so seam cision sad hea pct Yale dius sd pot ‘ting, an athe ama tod unersundeg of rly. The Daan nd ‘Sie sien (Voth, sty and we) ied ath uth 90 wet fl romaptlogy ges the vent of mere pal caseatons ‘cen clsfeaton otras asd apon oe des ae last eter ow rsp grant ors, 1968). Tose wit ow pads endo ve mening sans dest ods Samet ‘ih osbo ae, svampe an oon cana. Res with sep pens Toney Dow in ep nom charac Th plied moe! foun, the gromeplgit ha fo inept ie more det the ple Sa {andthe cmte of he pen Upiig owe vung + men hang ofthe erodon relat be tated The tau coven {er the sea fetus ring fom diate hf loge ting ‘That ae of import or he react ied Ie To 1622 Valley Type Steam etn pode uy ptf ys, mow of whch exh poppe fests reaingIalbg, loge uct ceo of eraon {nd the geomorphic hoy tthe we dg ern Inter hee Suc alley form cas be digi (1) ealeaped or wah shaped (rae Bevan), ta bo, gly loping a sal ral, 2) ¥ ‘Sipe, nich eat be sihr wider mona (3) Usha nl an be the symmetric, e Fie 168 Tbe T03 W set he tao ably po el oT Uehpen pot ‘he forms andrea Cuter ca esl be ei, pep 00 tal potopapAcother fen of ales base! on he ley IRE ao pole to ct ity according fo the pene thee of roo. papi ale with or nha sac! nics (eta {othe he net team pr aed nthe rsdn econ). ot Sing 15 the Sopot eg wh oe hot ky dope dicots 2 Pr tere) 1623 Det Dts om ier Vay and Tc Det dat concen 4 er ley ate any and deed i term of (1) sil ngs the aly dpe, 2) eco a wh the ther fun (ttre 8) arse he eo a an 3)