‫ﺍاﻹﻁطﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱي ﻟﻠﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻮﻑف ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻠﻮﺭرﺕت ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍاﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﯿﻨﺎﺕت ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻘﺮﻥن‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﯾﻦ ﻛﺮﺩد ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﻤﻔﻬﮭﻮﻡم ﻗﻮﺓة ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻟﻠﺴﻴﯿﻄﺮﺓة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻴﯿﺮﻱي ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺑﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻴﯿﺮﻱي ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﯿﻘﻴﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺗﻈﻬﮭﺮ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻳﯾﺠﺎﺑﻴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻭوﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩه ﺟﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭرﺍاً ﻧﺸﻄﺎ ً ﻭوﻟﻴﯿﺲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼً ﺳﻠﺒﻴﯿﺎ ً ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻴﯿﺮﻱي ‪ ،٬‬ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﻳﯾﻨﺘﻘﻲ ﺍاﻷﻓﺮﺍاﺩد‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﯾﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥن ﻟﻬﮭﺎ ﻭوﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍاﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﺬﻱي ﻳﯾﺸﺒﻊ ﺭرﻏﺒﺎﺗﻬﮭﻢ ﻭوﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﮭﻢ ﺍاﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻋﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﯿﻪﮫ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓة ‪ ) .‬ﻛﺮﺩدﺍاﺵش ‪( 2005 ،٬‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت‬

‫ﺟﺎء ﻅظﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝل ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻛﺒﺪﻳﯾﻞ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍاﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙث ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻔﻬﮭﻮﻡم ﺍاﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻗﺪ ُﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺑﺄﻧﻬﮭﺎ ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺟﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺍاﻟﺬﻳﯾﻦ ﻳﯾﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥن ﺑﺪﻭوﺍاﻓﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉع ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕت ﻓﺮﺩدﻳﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻗﺪ ﺃأﻛﺪ ) ﻛﺎﺗﺰ ( ﻭوﻫﮬﮪھﻮ ﺃأﺣﺪ ﺭرﻭوﺍاﺩد ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺃأﻥن ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﻳﯾﺘﻀﺢ ﺑﺼﻮﺭرﺓة ﻭوﺍاﺿﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻴﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻪﮫ ﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﺘﻤﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﯾﻔﻌﻠﻪﮫ ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻻ ﺣﻴﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻧﻬﮭﺘﻢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪﮫ ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪( Reed , 1982‬‬

‫ﻭوﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍاﺿﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ـ ﺇإﻥن ﺃأﻋﻀﺎء ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻮﻥن ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﻬﮭﻢ ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻳﯾﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻬﮭﻢ ﺃأﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺍاﻑف ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩدﺓة‬
‫ﺗﻠﺒﻲ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻬﮭﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﯿﻦ ﺍاﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻉع ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕت ﻣﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻭوﺍاﺧﺘﻴﯿﺎﺭر ﻭوﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺇإﻋﻼﻡم ﻣﺤﺪﺩدﺓة ﻳﯾﺮﺟﻊ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻧﻔﺴﻪﮫ ﻭوﺗﺤﺪﺩدﻩه‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﻭوﻕق ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﺩدﻳﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃأﻥن ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻫﮬﮪھﻮ ﺍاﻟﺬﻱي ﻳﯾﺨﺘﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﺬﻱي ﻳﯾﺸﺒﻊ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪﮫ ‪ ،٬‬ﻓﺎﻷﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﺍاﻟﺬﻳﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻳﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥن ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﻭوﻟﻴﯿﺴﺖ ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡم ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﯾﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝل ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﻭوﻟﻴﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝل‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻯى ﺍاﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﮭﺎ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﻳﯾﻜﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻮﺩد ﻋﻠﻴﯿﻪﮫ ﻭوﺑﺪﻭوﺍاﻓﻌﻪﮫ ﻭوﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗﻪﮫ ﻓﻬﮭﻮ ﻳﯾﺴﺘﻄﻴﯿﻊ ﺃأﻥن ﻳﯾﻤﺪ ﺍاﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭرﺓة ﻓﻌﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﻪﮫ ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ‪ ).‬ﻛﺮﺩدﺍاﺵش ‪( 2005 ،٬‬‬
‫)‪(12‬‬
 ‫ﺍاﻹﻁطﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﻡم ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺍاﻹﺷﺎﺭرﺓة ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﺭرﻳﯾﺨﻲ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺃأﻥن ﺍاﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭوﻝل ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﻓﻲ ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﺃأ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺴﻤﻴﯿﺎﺕت ﺃأﺧﺮﻯى ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍاﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻷﺭرﺑﻌﻴﯿﻨﺎﺕت ﻭوﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕت ﻗﻠﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉع ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻴﯿﺮ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺧﻼﻝل ﺫذﻟﻚ ﺍاﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺭرﻛﺰﺕت ﺑﺤﻮﺙث ﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻴﯿﺮﻱي ﺍاﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﯿﻘﻴﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻯى ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃأﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﯿﺰﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕت ﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﺩد ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪( Robber & Jenning , 1992‬‬

‫ﻭوﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭوﻝل ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻭوﺗﻄﻠﻌﺎﺗﻪﮫ ﻭوﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺗﻪﮫ ‪ ،٬‬ﻓﻬﮭﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﺓة ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭوﺟﺪﻳﯾﺪﺓة ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻡم ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻫﮬﮪھﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﺓة ﺩدﻳﯾﻤﻘﺮﺍاﻁطﻴﯿﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻣﻦ ﻭوﺟﻬﮭﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻭوﺟﻬﮭﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍاﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ﺃأﻭو ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻘﺮﺭر ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﻛﻴﯿﻔﻴﯿﺔ ﻗﻴﯿﺎﻡم ﺍاﻟﻌﻮﺍاﻣﻞ ﺍاﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﺩد‬
‫ﻭوﻣﻴﯿﻮﻟﻪﮫ ﺑﺨﻠﻖ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕت ﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉع ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪﮫ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﯿﻬﮭﺎ ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﺃأﻭو ﺭرﺳﺎﺋﻠﻬﮭﺎ ﺃأﻭو ﺍاﻟﺒﺪﺍاﺋﻞ ﺍاﻟﻮﻅظﻴﯿﻔﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻷﺧﺮﻯى‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻳﯾﻘﺮﺭر ﻫﮬﮪھﻨﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍاﻟﺤﺎﻓﺰ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﺍاﺧﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩد ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﺰ ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪( Joseph & Alan , 1991‬‬

‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﺍا ﻭوﺗﻘﻮﻡم ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍاﺿﺎﺕت ﻗﺎﻡم ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻬﮭﺎ ) ﻛﺎﺗﺰ ﻭوﺯزﻣﻼﺅؤﻩه ‪،٬‬‬
‫‪ ،٬ ( 1974‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻡم ) ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﺮﻳﯾﻦ ‪ ( 1985 ،٬‬ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﯾﺮﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻧﺸﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺇإﻥن ﻛﺜﻴﯿﺮﺍاً ﻣﻦ ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺇإﺩدﺭرﺍاﻛﻬﮭﺎ ﻛﻬﮭﺪﻑف ﻣﻮﺟﻪﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﻳﯾﺮﺑﻂ ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﺤﻘﻴﯿﻘﻲ ﺍاﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎﺕت ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺍاﺧﺘﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻹﺭرﺿﺎء ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﻻﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺍاﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻯى ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺪﺭرﺟﺔ ﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉع ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭوﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺟﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺭرﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥن ﻓﻴﯿﻬﮭﺎ ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃأﻭوﻗﺎﺕت‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ ﻷﻥن ﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﯿﻘﻬﮭﺎ ﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺃأﻥن ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺃأﺻﻮﻟﻬﮭﺎ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻯى ﺍاﻟﻮﺳﻴﯿﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﺃأﻭو ﺇإﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍاﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﺃأﺧﺮﻯى ﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺃأﻥن ﻳﯾﺤﺪﺙث ﻓﻴﯿﻬﮭﺎ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽض ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪( Conway & Rubin , 1991‬‬

‫)‪(13‬‬

‫ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬

 ‫)‪(13‬‬

‫ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ - 1‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍاﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻴﯿﺪ ﺭرﺍاﻏﺐ )‪ ،٬ (١۱٩۹٧۷٢۲‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺁآﺭرﺍاء ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻲ ﻭوﻏﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻲ ﺍاﻟﻤﻘﻴﯿﻤﻴﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻲ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁآﺭرﺍاء ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻲ ﻭوﻏﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻲ ﺍاﻟﻤﻘﻴﯿﻤﻴﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻲ ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺤﻲ ﻭوﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭرﺓة‬
‫ﺍاﺳﺘﻄﻼﻉع ﺃأﺭرﺍاء ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺇإﻋﺪﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜَْﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻢ ﺇإﺟﺮﺍاء ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ )‪ (١۱٠۰٤‬ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ) ‪ (٦٣۳‬ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻴﯿﻴﯿﻦ ‪ (٤١۱) ،٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺘﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭر ﻭوﺍاﻹﻧﺎﺙث ) ‪(٦١۱‬‬
‫ﺫذﻛﻮﺭر ‪ ،٬‬ﻭو)‪ (٤٣۳‬ﺇإﻧﺎﺙث ‪ ،٬‬ﻣﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﺍاﻭوﺣﺖ ﺃأﻋﻤﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬ ١۱٩۹-١۱٤‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٪٦٠۰‬ﻣﻦ ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻳﯾﺮﻭوﻥن ﺃأﻥن ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻳﯾﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕت ﻟﻸﺳﺮﺓة ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕت ﺍاﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻭوﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺍاﻵﺑﺎء ﻭوﺍاﻷﻣﻬﮭﺎﺕت ﻷﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﮭﻢ ﻭوﺑﻨﺎﺗﻬﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍاﻟﺒﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﻭوﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺇإﺻﺮﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺴﻬﮭﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓة ﻟﻴﯿﻼً ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﻭوﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍاﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑف ﺑﻴﯿﻦ ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓة ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﯾﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﻧﻬﮭﺎ ﻭوﻣﺎ ﻳﯾﻌﺠﺐ ﺍاﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻭوﻻ ﻳﯾﻌﺠﺐ ﺍاﻷﺧﺮﻳﯾﻦ ﻭوﺍاﻧﺼﺮﺍاﻑف ﺍاﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭوﺍاﺟﺒﺎﺗﻬﮭﻢ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﻴﯿﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﯾﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕت ﻟﻬﮭﻢ ﻭوﺇإﺛﺎﺭرﺓة ﺍاﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕت‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺫذﻟﻚ ﻭوﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﻛﻠﻬﮭﺎ ﺁآﺛﺎﺭر ﺳﻠﺒﻴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ‪ ،٬‬ﺃأﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍاﻵﺛﺎﺭر ﺍاﻹﻳﯾﺠﺎﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﺮﻭوﻳﯾﺞ‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺯزﻳﯾﺎﺩدﺓة ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﯿﻒ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﯾﺎ ﺍاﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 2‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﻭوﺍاﻭوﺳﺔ ) ‪ ،٬ ( 2002‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﯿﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت‬

‫ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁطﺒﻴﯿﻌﺔ ﺍاﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝل ﻭوﺳﺒﺒﻪﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻟﺪﻯى‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﯿﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻷﺛﺮ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺪﻭوﺍاﻓﻊ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﺟّﺮﺍاء ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍاﺩد ﻭوﺍاﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺇإﺟﺮﺍاء ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﻮﺍاﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﻁطﺒﻘﻴﯿﺔ ﻗﻮﺍاﻣﻬﮭﺎ ‪ ٤٠۰٠۰‬ﻣﻔﺮﺩدﺓة ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉع ﻏﺰﺓة ﺑﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ٪٩۹٥ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻳﯾﻤﻠﻜﻮﻥن ﺟﻬﮭﺎﺯز ﺍاﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝل ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻋﺪﺩد ﺍاﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻭوﻥن ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ ٪٧۷٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﺃأﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺮﺹص ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺗﻬﮭﺎ ﻭوﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍاﺭر ﻫﮬﮪھﻲ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺠﺰﻳﯾﺮﺓة ‪ ٪٧۷٥‬ﻭو ﺃأﺑﻮﻅظﺒﻲ ‪ ٪٦٧۷‬ﻭو ‪ ٪٥٣۳ MBC‬ﻭو ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻷﻭوﻟﻰ ‪ ٪٥٢۲‬ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻨﺎﺭر ‪ ٪٤٢۲‬ﻭو ‪LBC‬‬
‫‪. ٪٣۳٦‬‬

‫‪ - 3‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺯزﺭرﻳﯾﻘﺔ )‪ ،٬ (٢۲٠۰٠۰٥‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺃأﺛﺮ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻬﮭﻼﻛﻴﯿﺔ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﯿﻤﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻧﻤﻮ ﺃأﺛﺮ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻬﮭﻼﻛﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺇإﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩدﻭوﺭر ﺍاﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩدﻳﯾﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺮﺓة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝل ﻗﻴﯿﺎﺱس ﺩدﺧﻠﻬﮭﺎ ﺍاﻟﺸﻬﮭﺮﻱي ﻭوﻧﻤﻮ ﺃأﺛﺮ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻬﮭﻼﻛﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺤﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻢ ﺍاﺧﺘﻴﯿﺎﺭر ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ) ﺁآﺑﺎء ﻭوﺃأﻣﻬﮭﺎﺕت ( ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍاﻟﺴﻮﺭرﻱي ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺃأﺻﺒﺢ ﻋﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍاﻣﻞ ﺯزﻳﯾﺎﺩدﺓة ﺗﻄﻠﻌﺎﺕت ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻬﮭﻼﻙك ﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎ ً ﻻﺣﺘﻴﯿﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﮭﻢ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮﺭرﺓة ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍاﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩدﺍاً ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍاﻷﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﺑﻴﯿﺮ ﺃأﻣﻮﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﺍاﻟﺤﻴﯿﺎﺗﻴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝل ﺗﺮﻭوﻳﯾﺠﻬﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕت ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍاﺭرﺗﻔﻊ ﺩدﺧﻞ ﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة ﺍاﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕت ﻟﺪﻳﯾﻬﮭﻢ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻬﮭﻼﻛﻴﯿﺔ ) ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃأﻥن ﺍاﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕت ﺍاﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩدﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﻴﯿﺴﻮﺭرﺓة ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻰ ﺑﺸﺮﺍاﺋﻬﮭﺎ ﺳﻠﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻦ ﻋﻨﻬﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ( ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(14‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺩدﺍاﻭوﺩد ﻣﻬﮭﻴﯿﺎﺭر )‪ ،٬ (٢۲٠۰٠۰٦‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﻅظﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺮﺓة ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍاﻷﺭرﺩدﻧﻲ " ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ - 4‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺩدﺍاﻭوﺩد ﻣﻬﮭﻴﯿﺎﺭر )‪ ،٬ (٢۲٠۰٠۰٦‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﻅظﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺮﺓة ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍاﻷﺭرﺩدﻧﻲ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻵﺛﺎﺭر ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﻬﮭﺎ ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﺍاﻷﺭرﺩدﻧﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺤﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻢ ﺍاﺧﺘﻴﯿﺎﺭر ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻗﻮﺍاﻣﻬﮭﺎ ‪ ٢۲٠۰٠۰‬ﻁطﺎﻟﺐ ﻭوﻁطﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻴﯿﺮﻣﻮﻙك ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺇإﺣﺪﻯى ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ) ﺍاﻟﻜﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻷﺭرﺩدﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡم ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﯿﺎ ( ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻁطﻠﺒﺔ ﺇإﺣﺪﻯى ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﺍاﺭرﺱس ﺍاﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﯾﺔ‬
‫) ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﺍاﺭرﺱس ﺍاﻟﻮﻁطﻨﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻷﺭرﺩدﻧﻴﯿﺔ ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﯾﻨﺔ ﺍاﺭرﺑﺪ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ٪٥١۱ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻳﯾﻘﻴﯿّﻤﻮﻥن ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﺑﺼﻮﺭرﺓة ﺳﻠﺒﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻣﻊ ﺫذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﮭﺎ ﺗﺤﻈﻰ ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻝل ‪ ٪٤٧۷‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻷﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺗﺒﻘﻴﯿﻬﮭﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﯿﺪﻳﯾﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭوﺗﺼﻮﻳﯾﺮ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺭرﺩدﺓة ﻛﺒﺪﻳﯾﻞ ﺃأﻓﻀﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺷﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻴﯿﻦ ) ‪ ،٬ ( 2001‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﻤﺼﺮﻱي ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍاﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺇإﺟﺮﺍاء‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺣﺼﻴﯿﺼﺔ ﻗﻮﺍاﻣﻬﮭﺎ ‪ ٤٠۰٠۰‬ﻣﻔﺮﺩدﺓة ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﯾﻴﯿﻦ ﺍاﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺍاﻟﻘﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺮﺓة ‪،٬‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﯿﻠﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻧﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ٪٥٠۰ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة ﺗﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺩدﺍاﺋﻤﺎ ً ‪ ،٬‬ﺃأﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﻓﺘﺮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﻫﮬﮪھﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓة ﺍاﻟﺴﻬﮭﺮﺓة ﻭوﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍاﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٬ ٪٥٨۸‬ﻭوﺃأﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﯾﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺗﻬﮭﺎ ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة ﻫﮬﮪھﻲ ‪ MBC‬ﻭوﺍاﻟﺠﺰﻳﯾﺮﺓة ﻭو ‪. LBC‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﺍاﺑﻂ ) ‪ ،٬ ( 2001‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻁطﻼﺏب ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍاﻟﺠﺰﺍاﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻘﻪﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت "‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇإﻗﺒﺎﻝل ﻁطﻠﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍاﻟﺠﺰﺍاﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻣﺎ ﺍاﻷﺛﺮ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺟﺮﺍاء‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﮭﻢ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ‪ ،٬‬ﺗﻢ ﺇإﺟﺮﺍاء ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺪﻳﯾﺔ ﻗﻮﺍاﻣﻬﮭﺎ ‪ ٤٠۰٠۰‬ﻣﻔﺮﺩدﺓة ﻣﻦ ﻁطﻠﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍاﻟﺠﺰﺍاﺋﺮ ‪،٬‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﯿﻠﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ٪٤٧۷ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻳﯾﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥن ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﯿﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺩدﺍاﺋﻤﺔ ‪ ٪٥٦ ،٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻳﯾﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻭوﻥن ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺘﻤﺎﻡم‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩه ﺷﺪﻳﯾﺪﻳﯾﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺃأﻭوﺑﺮﻳﯾﺖ ﻛﻮﺭرﺩدﺭر ﻭو ﺑﻮﻟﺰ )‪ ،٬ (١۱٩۹٧۷٨۸‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺁآﺛﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك‬
‫ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻨﺸﺌﺔ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻞ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃأﺛﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻸﻁطﻔﺎﻝل ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺤﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝل ﺍاﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎء ﻋﺎﻡم ﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﻗﻮﺍاﻣﻬﮭﺎ ‪ ٢۲٥٠۰‬ﻁطﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭر ﻭوﺍاﻹﻧﺎﺙث ﻭوﺗﺘﺮﺍاﻭوﺡح ﺁآﻋﻤﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﯿﻦ‬
‫‪ ١۱٢۲-٨۸‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﺍاﺭرﺱس ﺍاﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍاﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻹﻋﺪﺍاﺩدﻳﯾﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻵﺛﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺃأﻥن ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍاﻟﺒﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺇإﻥن ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺍا ً ﻟﻼﻧﺤﺮﺍاﻑف ﺇإﻻ ﺃأﻧﻪﮫ ﻛﺎﻥن ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ً ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭوﺛﻪﮫ ﻟﺪﻳﯾﻬﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺃأﺳﻠﻮﺏب ﺍاﻟﺘﺪﺑﻴﯿﺮ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺄ ﻭوﻣﺤﺎﻭوﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﯿﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃأﻥن ﻫﮬﮪھﻨﺎﻙك ﺁآﺛﺎﺭر ﺇإﻳﯾﺠﺎﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺯزﻳﯾﺎﺩدﺓة ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭوﺗﺮﺳﻴﯿﺦ ﺍاﻟﻘﻴﯿﻢ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﺎﺩدﺍاﺕت‬
‫ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻹﻳﯾﺠﺎﺑﻴﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(15‬‬
 ‫‪ - 8‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺟﻴﯿﻦ ﺟﺮﻭوﺱس )‪ ،٬ (١۱٩۹٧۷٦‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺁآﺛﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻷﻁطﻔﺎﻝل ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺍاﻟﻌﻨﻒ‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻧﻲ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁآﺛﺎﺭر ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻷﻁطﻔﺎﻝل ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺍاﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻭوﺑﻌﺾ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﯿﺮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻷﺧﺮﻯى ﻛﺎﻟﺤﺚ ﺃأﻭو ﺍاﻹﺛﺎﺭرﺓة ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﯿﺪ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻘﺪﻭوﺓة ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﯿﻠﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝل ﺍاﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎء ﻟﻸﻁطﻔﺎﻝل ﻣﻦ ﺇإﻋﺪﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁآﺛﺎﺭر ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺍاﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻧﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﻳﯾﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍاﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻙك ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻥن ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻟﻜﻨﻪﮫ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﯾﺤﺎﻭوﻝل ﺗﻨﻔﻴﯿﺬ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﺍا ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﺍاﻟﺤﻴﯿﺎﺗﻲ ﺇإﻻ ﺇإﺫذﺍا ﻛﺎﻥن ﻫﮬﮪھﻨﺎﻙك ﻣﻦ ﻳﯾﺸﺠﻌﻬﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﯿﻪﮫ ﻛﺎﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﺃأﻭو ﺃأﻭوﻟﻴﯿﺎء ﺍاﻷﻣﻮﺭر‬
‫ﺃأﻭو ﻏﻴﯿﺮﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻗﺪ ﻳﯾﺘﺤﺮﻙك ﻟﺪﻯى ﺍاﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺇإﺛﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺗﻪﮫ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻥن ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍاﺩد ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻥن ﻭوﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇإﺛﺎﺭرﺓة ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﺍا ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍاﺩد ﻭوﺗﺤﺮﻳﯾﻜﻪﮫ ﻭوﻋﻠﻰ ﺫذﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﯾﻜﻮﻥن ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺃأﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺇإﻻ ﺇإﺫذﺍا ﻛﺎﻥن‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﯾﻪﮫ ﺍاﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍاﺩد ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻥن ﺃأﺻﻼً ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﺰ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩد ‪ ،٬‬ﻓﺎﻷﻁطﻔﺎﻝل‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺬﻳﯾﻦ ﻳﯾﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻭوﻥن ﺍاﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﯾﻢ ﻣﺒﺮﺭرﺍاﺗﻪﮫ ﻟﻬﮭﻢ ﻳﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭوﻥن ﺃأﻥن ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﺍا ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙك ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻭوﺍاﻧﻲ ﻫﮬﮪھﻮ ﺃأﻧﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻁطﺮﻕق ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕت ﻣﺎﺩدﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻳﯾﻘﺪﻡم ﺗﺒﺮﻳﯾﺮﺍا ً ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 9‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺑﺮﺍاﻭوﻥن ﻭوﺳﻨﻴﯿﻚ )‪ ،٬ (١۱٩۹٧۷٨۸‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﺍاﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﯿﻦ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻭوﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة " ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃأﺛﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻨﺸﺌﺔ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻮﺩد ﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺤﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ‪ ٢۲٠۰٠۰‬ﻁطﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭر ﻭوﺍاﻹﻧﺎﺙث ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﯿﺬ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻤﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍاﻭوﺡح ﺃأﻋﻤﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ ١۱٤-٨۸‬ﺳﻨﻪﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭر ﻭوﺍاﻹﻧﺎﺙث ﻭو)‪ (١۱٥٠۰‬ﻭوﻟﻲ ﺃأﻣﺮ )‪(٣۳٠۰‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝل ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻭوﻋﻠﻢ ﺍاﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭوﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉع ‪ ،٬‬ﻋﻦ ﻁطﺮﻳﯾﻖ ﺍاﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎء ﻟﻶﺑﺎء ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃأﺛﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻨﺸﺌﺔ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻮﺩد ﺍاﻷﺳﺮﺓة ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃأﻥن ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺷﺄﻧﻪﮫ ﺷﺄﻥن ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻳﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﺨﺘﺮﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻷﺧﺮﻯى ﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺃأﻥن ﺗﻜﻮﻥن ﻟﻬﮭﺎ ﺁآﺛﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮﺓة ﺃأﻭو‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺨﺮﺑﺔ ﻭوﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺃأﻥن ﻳﯾﻜﻮﻥن ﻟﻬﮭﺎ ﺁآﺛﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ﺍاﻹﻳﯾﺠﺎﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﻋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍاﻟﻮﻗﺖ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻓﺈﻥن ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻷﺩدﺍاﺓة ﺇإﺫذﺍا ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﻳﯾﺤﺴﻦ ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﻬﮭﺎ ﻭوﻳﯾﺮﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺆﺩدﻱي ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻷﺳﺮ ﻭوﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻷﻁطﻔﺎﻝل ﻭوﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ‪ ،٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃأﻥن ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻷﺩدﺍاﺓة ﺇإﺫذﺍا ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍاﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥن ﻟﻬﮭﺎ ﺁآﺛﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ﺍاﻹﻳﯾﺠﺎﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺒﻨﺎءﺓة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻷﻁطﻔﺎﻝل ﻭوﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﻭوﻏﻴﯿﺮﻫﮬﮪھﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 10‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺭرﻳﯾﺰ ﻭوﻭوﻳﯾﻠﺘﺰ )‪ ،٬ (٢۲٠۰٠۰٤‬ﻭوﻋﻨﻮﺍاﻧﻬﮭﺎ " ﻟﻤﺎﺫذﺍا ﻳﯾﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪ ﺍاﻟﻨﺎﺱس ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ؟ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺪﻓﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺇإﻗﺒﺎﻝل ﺃأﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﺍاﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﮬﮪھﻜﺬﺍا ﻧﻮﻉع ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺒﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻫﮬﮪھﻲ "‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ " ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﯿﻠﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩد ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ‪ ٢۲٣۳٩۹‬ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎ ً ‪،٬‬‬
‫ﻭوﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻥن ﺍاﻟﻨﺎﺱس ﻳﯾﺮﻛﺰﻭوﻥن ﺍاﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﮬﮪھﻬﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻷﺷﻴﯿﺎء ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺈﺭرﺿﺎء‬
‫ﺩدﻭوﺍاﻓﻌﻬﮭﻢ ﺍاﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(16‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭوﻟﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻳﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕت ﻣﻨﻬﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪﮫ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓة ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉع ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻭوﻣﻨﻬﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪﮫ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻏﻴﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓة ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭوﻟﺖ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺩدﻭوﺭر ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺍاﻟﺴﻴﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭرﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺴﻴﯿﺎﺳﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍاﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻋﺎﺩدﺍاﺕت ﻭوﺃأﻧﻤﺎﻁط‬
‫ﻭوﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺍاﺗﺠﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺎﺕت ‪ ،٬‬ﺇإﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺠﻤﻬﮭﻮﺭر ﻟﻬﮭﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﻭوﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻘﻪﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺇإﻥن ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭوﻝل ﻧﻈﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﻟﻘﻴﯿﺎﺱس ﺃأﺛﺮ ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩدﺓة ﻣﻦ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﮭﺠﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍاﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪ ،٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺕت ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﯾﺮ‬
‫ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺳﺘﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭرﻧﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺑﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭوﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺃأُﺟﺮﻳﯾﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍاﻷﺭرﺩدﻥن ﺃأﻭو ﺍاﻟﺪﻭوﻝل ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭوﺭرﺓة ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯى ﺍاﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺃأﻭو ﺍاﻟﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﻴﯿﻦ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت‬
‫ﺍاﻷﺧﺮﻯى ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍاﻟﻄﺮﻳﯾﻘﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻹﺟﺮﺍاءﺍاﺕت‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﯿﻖ ﺃأﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺍاﻑف ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﻘﻴﯿﻦ ﻟﺒﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﻭوﺗﺄﺛﻴﯿﺮﺍاﺗﻬﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻄﺮﻕق ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺠﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻹﺟﺮﺍاءﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻬﮭﺠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﻉع ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﯿﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻓﻲ ﺇإﻁطﺎﺭرﻩه ﻳﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡم ﺍاﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥن ﺍاﻟﻬﮭﺪﻑف ﺍاﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﯿﺔ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﯾﺮ ﻭوﺗﺤﻠﻴﯿﻞ ﻭوﺗﻘﻮﻳﯾﻢ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻅظﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺮﺓة ﺃأﻭو‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻈﻮﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﺮ ‪ ،٬‬ﻓﺈﻥن ﺃأﻫﮬﮪھﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﯿﻪﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﯿﻖ ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﺍا ﺍاﻟﻬﮭﺪﻑف ﻫﮬﮪھﻮ ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﻬﮭﺞ ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺤﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺬﻱي ﻳﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻬﮭﺪﺍاً ﻋﻠﻤﻴﯿﺎ ً ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎ ً ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﯿﺎﻧﺎﺕت ﻭوﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕت ﻭوﺃأﻭوﺻﺎﻑف ﺯزﻣﻨﻴﯿﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ ﺇإﻣﺎ ﺑﻬﮭﺪﻑف ﺗﻜﻮﻳﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓة ﺍاﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﺒﻴﯿﺎﻧﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝل ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻌﻴﯿﻦ ﺃأﻭو ﺗﺤﺪﻳﯾﺪ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓة ﺍاﻷﻭوﺿﺎﻉع‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻁطﺮﻳﯾﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﺭرﻧﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍاﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝل ﻋﻠﻴﯿﻬﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﯾﺎﺕت ﺃأﻭو ﻣﻌﺎﻳﯾﻴﯿﺮ ﻗﻴﯿﺎﺳﻴﯿﺔ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍاﺧﺘﻴﯿﺎﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﺎ‬
‫ﻭوﺇإﻋﺪﺍاﺩدﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ‪ ،٬‬ﺃأﻭو ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﻄﺮﻕق ﻭوﺍاﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﯿﺐ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭرﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺍاﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﻟﻤﻮﺍاﺟﻬﮭﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕت ﻣﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺃأﻭو ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم‬
‫ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺒﻴﯿﺎﻧﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭرﺳﻢ ﺍاﻟﺴﻴﯿﺎﺳﺎﺕت ﻭوﻭوﺿﻊ ﺍاﻟﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃأﺳﺎﺱس ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﻴﯿﻌﺎﺏب ﺍاﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺠﻮﺍاﻧﺐ ﺍاﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ‪.‬‬
‫) ﺣﺴﻴﯿﻦ ‪( 1976 ،٬‬‬
‫)‪(17‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﯾﺘﻜﻮﻥن ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻁطﻠﺒﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﺍاﺭرﺱس ) ﺍاﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﻥن ﻭوﺇإﺭرﺑﺪ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺳﻴﯿﺘﻢ ﺍاﺧﺘﻴﯿﺎﺭر‬
‫ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺣﺼﺼﻴﯿﺔ ﻋﻤﺪﻳﯾﺔ ﻗﻮﺍاﻣﻬﮭﺎ ‪ ٣۳٠۰٠۰‬ﻁطﺎﻟﺐ ﻭوﻁطﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻳﯾﺮﺍاﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﯿﻬﮭﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﯿﻞ ﺍاﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭر ﻭوﺍاﻹﻧﺎﺙث ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﯾﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﻴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﻤﺪﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻟﺤﺼﺼﻴﯿﺔ ﻫﮬﮪھﻲ ﻧﻮﻉع ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺎﺕت ﻳﯾﺮﺍاﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﯿﻬﮭﺎ ﺍاﺧﺘﻴﯿﺎﺭر ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍاﻷﻓﺮﺍاﺩد ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺤﻴﯿﺚ ﺇإﻥن ﺟﻤﻴﯿﻊ ﺍاﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻟﻄﻮﺍاﺋﻒ ﻭوﺍاﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭر ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻄﺎﻕق ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺟﺰﺋﻴﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺸﺮﻁط ﺍاﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﯿﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫) ﺍاﻟﻮﻓﺎﺋﻲ ‪( 1989 ،٬‬‬

‫ﺃأﺩدﺍاﺓة ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﯾﺮ ﺍاﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﯿﻘﻬﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻁطﻠﺒﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﺍاﺭرﺱس ) ﺍاﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ( ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇإﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕت ﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅؤﻻﺕت ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭوﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻏﻄﺖ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻭوﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻁطﺒﻴﯿﻌﺘﻬﮭﺎ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻔﺘﺮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﯿﻬﮭﺎ ﺍاﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ‪ ،٬‬ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺃأﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍاﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃأﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﺳﺒﺎﺏب ﻭوﻋﺎﺩدﺍاﺕت ﻭوﺃأﻧﻤﺎﻁط ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺍاﻟﺒﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﻭوﺩدﺭرﺟﺎﺕت ﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉع‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه ﺍاﻟﺒﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﻭوﺩدﺭرﺟﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺪﻭوﺍاﻓﻊ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍاﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭرﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﺼﺪﻕق ﻭوﺍاﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕت ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍاﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﻘﺒﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﯿﺘﻢ ﺇإﺟﺮﺍاء ﺍاﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝل ﺗﻮﺯزﻳﯾﻊ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ٪١۱٠۰‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺞ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺃأﻱي ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٣۳٠۰‬ﻁطﺎﻟﺐ ﻭوﻁطﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﺍاﺭرﺱس ) ﺍاﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ( ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭوﺿﻮﺡح ﺍاﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭوﻓﻬﮭﻤﻬﮭﺎ ﻟﺪﻯى ﺍاﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺳﻴﯿﺘﻢ ﺇإﺟﺮﺍاء ﺍاﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﯾﻼﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍاﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﮭﺬﺍا ﺍاﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺼﺪﻕق ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻕق ﺃأﺩدﺍاﺓة ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ) ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ( ‪ ،٬‬ﺳﻴﯿﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩد ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﻮﺩدﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﻫﮬﮪھﻞ ﺳﺘﻘﻴﯿﺲ ﻓﻌﻼً ﻣﺎ ﻭوﺿﻌﺖ ﻟﻘﻴﯿﺎﺳﻪﮫ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺑﻌﺪ ﺫذﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﯿﺘﻢ ﺍاﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﻴﯿﻦ ﺍاﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭر ﺑﺠﻤﻴﯿﻊ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﯿﻘﺪﻣﻬﮭﺎ ﺃأﻭوﻟﺌﻚ ﺍاﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻮﻥن ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺣﻴﯿﻨﻬﮭﺎ ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺟﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﯿﻖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍاﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕت ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃأﺟﻞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺩدﺭرﺟﺔ ﺛﺒﺎﺕت ﺃأﺩدﺍاﺓة ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ) ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ( ‪ ،٬‬ﺳﻴﯿﺘﻢ ﺇإﺟﺮﺍاء ﺍاﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ) ﻛﺮﻭوﻧﺒﺎﺥخ ﺃأﻟﻔﺎ (‬
‫)‪ ،٬ ( Chronbach's Alpha‬ﺣﻴﯿﺚ ﺇإﻥن ﺩدﻝل ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﺍا ﺍاﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ﻭوﺃأﺷﺎﺭر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃأﻥن ﺃأﺩدﺍاﺓة ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ) ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ( ﺳﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭرﺟﺔ ﺛﺒﺎﺕت ﻋﺎٍﻝل ﺑﺪﺭرﺟﺔ ‪ 0.60‬ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏب ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﺎﺩدﺍاﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻷﻧﻤﺎﻁط ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﻭوﺍاﻹﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻟﺪﻭوﺍاﻓﻊ ﻭوﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻣﺎﺕت ‪ ،٬‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﯿﺸﻴﯿﺮ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺃأﻥن ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﯿﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(18‬‬

‫ﺍاﻟﻄﺮﻕق ﻭوﺍاﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﯿﺐ ﺍاﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

 ‫ﺍاﻟﻄﺮﻕق ﻭوﺍاﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﯿﺐ ﺍاﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻐﺎﻳﯾﺎﺕت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﯿﻖ ﺃأﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺍاﻑف ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃأﺳﺌﻠﺘﻬﮭﺎ ‪ ،٬‬ﺳﻴﯿﺘﻢ ﺍاﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﻳﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻹﺟﺮﺍاءﺍاﺕت ﻭوﺍاﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﯿﺐ‬
‫ﺍاﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍاﻡم ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﯿﻞ ﺍاﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ ‪ SPSS‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍاﻓﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﻴﯿﺎﺭرﻳﯾﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﻴﯿﺎﺱس ﺍاﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏب ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﺎﺩدﺍاﺕت ﻭوﺃأﻧﻤﺎﻁط ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ‪ ،٬‬ﻭوﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﻭوﺩدﻭوﺍاﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻭوﻳﯾﻦ ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﻟﺘﻮﺯزﻳﯾﻌﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍاﺭرﻳﯾﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﻴﯿﺎﺱس ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻋﻴﯿﻨﺔ ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﻭوﻋﺎﺩدﺍاﺕت ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ﻛﻮﺭرﻧﺒﺎﺥخ ﺃأﻟﻔﺎ ‪ :‬ﻭوﺫذﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﻴﯿﺎﺱس ﺩدﺭرﺟﺔ ﺛﺒﺎﺕت ﺃأﺩدﺍاﺓة ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ) ﺍاﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ( ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺍاﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ‪ : Independent Sample‬ﻭوﺫذﻳﯾﻠﻚ ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﻔﺮﻭوﻕق ﻓﻲ ﺇإﺷﺒﺎﻋﺎﺕت ﻭوﺩدﻭوﺍاﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺪﺓة ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍاﺧﺘﻼﻑف ﺍاﻟﻤﺪﺍاﺭرﺱس ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(19‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩدﺭر ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﺟﻊ ‪:‬‬

 ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩدﺭر ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﺟﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺯزﻛﺮﻳﯾﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍاﻟﻌﺰﻳﯾﺰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻭوﺍاﻟﻘﻴﯿﻢ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﻘﻴﯿﻦ ‪،٬٢۲٠۰٠۰٢۲،٬‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍاﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭرﻳﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍاﻟﻐﺬﺍاﻣﻲ‪،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻁط‪،٬٢۲٠۰٠۰٤ ١۱‬ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺪﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﺒﻴﯿﻀﺎء ‪ -‬ﺍاﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏب ‪،٬‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﯿﺮﻭوﺕت ‪ ،٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥن ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻼء ﺍاﻟﺪﻳﯾﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺶ ‪ ،٬‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﻣﺎ ﺍاﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﯿﺲ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻐﻴﯿﺮ ‪ ،٬٢۲٠۰٠۰٩۹ ،٬‬ﺩدﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥن ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺎﺩدﻳﯾﺔ ﺭرﺿﻮﺍاﻥن‪،٬‬ﺩدﻭوﺭر ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﻣﺎ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﯿﻞ ﻭوﻋﻲ ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺃأﺓة ‪،٬١۱٩۹٩۹٧۷،٬‬ﺍاﻟﻬﮭﻴﯿﺌﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﯾﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﻨﺎﻥن ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍاﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﻞ ﺣﺴﻨﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﻣﺎ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻛﺒﺎﺭر ﺍاﻟﺴﻦ ‪ ،٬ ٢۲٠۰١۱١۱ ،٬‬ﺩدﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻴﯿﻲ ﺍاﻟﺪﻳﯾﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍاﻟﺤﻠﻴﯿﻢ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﻣﺎ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﺍاﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ ‪ ،٬ ١۱٩۹٨۸٤ ،٬‬ﺩدﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺎﻁطﻖ ﺧﻠﻮﺻﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺪﺭرﺍاﻣﺎ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬ ٢۲٠۰٠۰٠۰ ،٬‬ﺩدﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﺸﺆﻭوﻥن ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍاﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙث‬
‫ـ ﻋﻴﯿﺴﻰ ﺍاﻟﺸﻤﺎﺱس ‪ ،٬‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﺩد ﺍاﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،٬ 2005‬ﺍاﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺭرﻗﻢ‬
‫‪ ،٬ 21‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩدﻣﺸﻖ ‪ ،٬‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩدﻣﺸﻖ ‪ ،٬‬ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺰﺓة ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍاﻟﻜﺤﻜﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺗﻌﺮﺽض ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﺒﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪﮫ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯى ﺍاﻟﻬﮭﻮﻳﯾﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﯾﻬﮭﻢ ‪ ،٬ 2009 ،٬‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ‪ ،٬‬ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻷﺩدﺍاﺏب ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡم ‪ ،٬‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺩد ﻣﻠﻜﺎﻭوﻱي ‪ ،٬‬ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﻭوﻣﺨﺎﻁطﺮﻩه ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ‪ ،٬ 2009 ،٬‬ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ‪ ،٬‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍاﻟﻘﺎﻫﮬﮪھﺮﺓة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺰﺭرﻱي ﺁآﻣﺎﻝل ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﺮﺍاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺗﺄﺛﻴﯿﺮﺍاﺗﻬﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﯿﻢ ﻭوﺳﻠﻮﻙك ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﻘﻴﯿﻦ ‪،٬‬‬
‫‪ ،٬ 2008‬ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡم ﺍاﻟﺴﻴﯿﺎﺳﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻮﻡم ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻭوﺍاﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝل ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍاﻟﺠﺰﺍاﺋﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﺤﻂ ﻋﺒﻴﯿﺪ ﺍاﻟﺮﺑﻴﯿﻌﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻧﻤﺎﺫذﺝج ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭرﺓة ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﺩدﺭرﺍاﺳﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﯿﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻣﻴﯿﺪﺍاﻧﻴﯿﺔ ‪،٬ 2007 ،٬‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻵﺩدﺍاﺏب ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻷﻛﺎﺩدﻳﯾﻤﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺪﻧﻤﺎﺭرﻙك ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻌﻴﯿﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺭرﻙك ﺁآﻝل ﺯزﻋﻴﯿﺮ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻭوﺍاﻟﺘﻐﻴﯿﺮ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،٬ 2008 ،٬‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍاﻟﻬﮭﻼﻝل ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﻴﯿﺮﻭوﺕت ‪ ،٬‬ﺩدﺍاﺭر‬
‫ﺍاﻟﺸﺮﻭوﻕق ‪ ،٬‬ﺟﺪﺓة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺒﻴﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‪،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﻋﺼﺮ ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕت‪،٬‬ﻉع ‪ ٢۲٧۷٦‬ﺍاﻹﺻﺪﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪،٬2001‬ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﻋـﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‪،٬‬ﺍاﻟﻜﻮﻳﯾﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍاﻟﻜﺮﻳﯾﻢ ﺍاﻟﺮﺑﻴﯿﻌﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﻣﺨﺎﻁطﺮ ﻭوﺍاﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍاﺕت ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﯿﺔ ﻭوﺗﺄﺛﻴﯿﺮﻫﮬﮪھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏب ‪ ،٬ 2004 ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﺩد ‪٤٧۷‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍاﻷﻛﺎﺩدﻳﯾﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍاﻟﺮﺣﻴﯿﻢ ﺣﻠﺲ ﻭو ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﮭﺪﻱي ‪ ،٬‬ﺩدﻭوﺭر ﻭوﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍاﻹﻋﻼﻡم ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﯿﻞ ﺍاﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﺪﻯى‬
‫ﻁطﻠﺒﺔ ﺍاﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕت ‪ , 2010 ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ 12‬ﺍاﻟﻌﺪﺩد ‪ ،٬ 2‬ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻵﺩدﺍاﺏب ﻭوﺍاﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡم ﺍاﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍاﻷﺯزﻫﮬﮪھﺮ ‪ ،٬‬ﻏﺰﺓة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍاﻟﻐﺬﺍاﻣﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻧﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻁط‪ ،٬٢۲٠۰٠۰٤ ،٬١۱‬ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺪﺍاﺭر ﺍاﻟﺒﻴﯿﻀﺎء ‪،٬‬‬
‫ﺍاﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏب ‪ ،٬‬ﺑﻴﯿﺮﻭوﺕت ‪ ،٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥن ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺯزﻛﺮﻳﯾﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍاﻟﻌﺰﻳﯾﺰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﻭوﺍاﻟﻘﻴﯿﻢ ﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎﺏب ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﻘﻴﯿﻦ ‪ ،٬ 2002 ،٬‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍاﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭرﻳﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏب ‪ -‬ﻣﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍاﻟﺪﻳﯾﻦ ﺍاﻟﻌﻴﯿﺎﺿﻲ ‪ ،٬‬ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﯾﻮﻥن ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﺭرﻫﮬﮪھﺎﻧﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﻋﺪﺩد ‪ ،٬ 2005 ،٬ 1‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍاﻹﺫذﺍاﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ‪،٬‬‬
‫ﺍاﺗﺤﺎﺩد ﺍاﺫذﺍاﻋﺎﺕت ﺍاﻟﺪﻭوﻝل ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍاﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﺣﻤﺪﻱي ‪ ،٬‬ﺍاﻟﺒﺚ ﺍاﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍاﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍاﻟﻮﺍاﻗﻊ ﺍاﻟﺮﺍاﻫﮬﮪھﻦ ﻭوﺍاﺳﺘﺸﺮﺍاﻑف ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪ ،٬‬ﻛﻠﻴﯿﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡم ﺍاﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻭوﺍاﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﯿﺔ ‪ ،٬‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍاﻷﻏﻮﺍاﻁط ‪ -‬ﺍاﻟﺠﺰﺍاﺋﺮ ‪.‬‬
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 : ‫ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﺍاﺟﻊ ﺍاﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﯿﺔ‬

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