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Transitioning To IPv6 - 021-CN PDF
Transitioning To IPv6 - 021-CN PDF
Transitioning to IPv6
Quick Learning Module
© 2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s t e m s , In c . A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —1
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Objectives
Upon completing this module, you should be able to
ex plain the f or mat of I P v er sion 6 ( I P v 6 ) addr esses and
the components that ar e r eq uir ed to r un I P v 6 , ex plain the
impact of I P v 6 on netw or k r outing, and conf igur e basic
I P v 6 par ameter s. T hese abilities include being able to
meet these obj ectiv es:
Explain the need for IPv6
D es c rib e the form at of the IPv6 addres s
Explain the m ethods that are u s ed to as s ig n an IPv6 addres s
Explain how IPv6 affec ts c om m on rou ting protoc ols and the
nec es s ary m odific ations that y ou need to m ak e to thes e protoc ols
Explain trans ition s trateg ies for im plem enting IPv6
C onfig u re IPv6 w ith R ou ting Inform ation Protoc ol next g eneration
(R IPng ) throu g h an IP vers ion 4 (IPv4 ) netw ork
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—2
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IPv4 and IPv6
©2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —3
A n I P v 6 a d d r es s i s a 1 2 8 -b i t b i n a r y v a lu e, w hi ch ca n b e d i s p la y ed a s 3 2
hex a d eci ma l d i g i ts , a s s how n i n the f i g u r e. I t p r ov i d es 3 .4 ti mes 1 0 to the 3 8 th
I P a d d r es s es . T hi s v er s i on of I P a d d r es s i n g s hou ld p r ov i d e s u f f i ci en t a d d r es s es
f or f u tu r e I n ter n et g r ow th n eed s .
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I P v6 A d va n ced F ea tu r es
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—4
IPv6 is a powerful enhancement to IPv4. Several features in IPv6 offer functional improvements, includ ing the following :
•Larger address space, including:
•Improved g lob al reachab ility and flex ib ility
•T he ag g reg ation of prefix es that are announced in routing tab les
•M ultihoming to several ISPs
•A utoconfig uration that can includ e d ata link lay er ad d resses in the ad d ress space
•Plug -and -play options
•Pub lic-to-private read d ressing end -to-end without N etwork A d d ress T ranslation ( N A T )
•Simplified mechanisms for ad d ress renumb ering and mod ification
•A sim pler h eader, including:
•B etter routing efficiency for performance and forward ing -rate scalab ility
•N o b road casts and thus no potential threat of b road cast storms
•N o req uirement for processing check sums
•Simpler and more efficient ex tension head er mechanisms
•F low lab els for per-flow processing with no need to open a transport inner pack et to id entify the various traffic
flows
•M o b ilit y and securit y , to help comply with mob ile IP and IP Security ( IPsec) stand ard s functionality . M ob ility enab les
people with mob ile network d evices—many with wireless connectivity —to move around within network s.
•M ob ile IP is an Internet E ng ineering T ask F orce ( IE T F ) stand ard that is availab le for b oth IPv4 and IPv6. T he
stand ard enab les mob ile d evices to move without b reak s in estab lished network connections. B ecause IPv4 d oes
not automatically provid e this k ind of mob ility , y ou must ad d it with ad d itional config urations.
•In IPv6, mob ility is b uilt in, which means that any IPv6 nod e can use mob ility when necessary . T he routing
head ers of IPv6 mak e mob ile IPv6 much more efficient for end nod es than mob ile IPv4.
•IPsec is the IE T F stand ard for IP network security , availab le for b oth IPv4 and IPv6. A lthoug h the functionalities
are essentially id entical in b oth environments, IPsec is mand atory in IPv6. IPsec is enab led on every IPv6 nod e and
is availab le for use, mak ing the IPv6 Internet more secure. IPsec also req uires k ey s for each party , which implies a
g lob al k ey d eploy ment and d istrib ution.
•F inally , t ransit io n rich ness: T here are several way s to incorporate ex isting IPv4 capab ilities with the ad d ed features of IPv6.
•O ne approach is to implement a d ual-stack method , with b oth IPv4 and IPv6 config ured on the interface of a
network d evice.
•T unneling is another techniq ue that should b ecome more prominent as the ad option of IPv6 g rows. T here is a
variety of IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling method s. Some method s req uire manual config uration, while others are
d y namic.
•C isco IO S R elease 1 2 .3 ( 2 ) T and later also includ e N etwork A d d ress T ranslation-Protocol T ranslation ( N A T -PT )
b etween IPv6 and IPv4. T his translation allows d irect communication b etween hosts that use d ifferent versions of
the IP protocol.
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I P v6 A d d r ess R ep r esen ta tio n
Format:
x: x: x: x: x: x: x: x, w here x is a 1 6 -bit hexadecim al field.
– C as e-ins ens itiv e for hexadecim al A , B , C , D , E , and F
L eading z eros in a field are op tional.
S u cces s iv e fields of z eros can be rep res ented as : : only once p er addres s .
E x amp l e s :
2 0 3 1 :0 0 0 0 :1 3 0 F :0 0 0 0 :0 0 0 0 :0 9 C 0 :8 7 6 A :1 3 0 B
– C an be rep res ented as 2 0 3 1 : 0 : 1 3 0 f: : 9 c0 : 8 7 6 a: 1 3 0 b
– C annot be rep res ented as 2 0 3 1 : : 1 3 0 f: : 9 c0 : 8 7 6 a: 1 3 0 b
F F 0 1 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1 F F 0 1 ::1
0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1 ::1
0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :: F F 0 1 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—5
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I P v6 A d d r ess T y p es
Unicast
– A d d r e ss is f o r a sing l e inte r f ace .
– I P v 6 h as se v e r al ty p e s ( f o r e x am p l e , g l o b al , r e se r v e d , and l ink -l o cal ) .
M u l ticast
– O ne -to -m any .
– E nab l e s m o r e e f f icie nt u se o f th e ne tw o r k .
– Use s a l ar g e r ad d r e ss r ang e .
A ny cast
– O ne -to -ne ar e st ( al l o cate d f r o m u nicast ad d r e ss sp ace ) .
– M u l tip l e d e v ice s sh ar e th e sam e ad d r e ss.
– A l l any cast no d e s sh o u l d p r o v id e u nif o r m se r v ice .
– S o u r ce d e v ice s se nd p ack e ts to any cast ad d r e ss.
– R o u te r s d e cid e o n cl o se st d e v ice to r e ach th at d e stinatio n.
– S u itab l e f o r l o ad b al ancing and co nte nt d e l iv e r y se r v ice s.
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—6
In IPv6 , broadcasting does not ex ist. IPv6 replaces broadcasts w ith multicasts and any casts.
M ulticast enables efficient netw ork operation by using a number of functionally specific multicast
groups to send req uests to a limited number of computers on a netw ork . T h e multicast groups
prevent most of th e problems th at are related to broadcast storms in IPv4.
IPv6 also defines a new ty pe of address k now n as an any cast address. A n any cast address identifies
a list of devices or nodes; th erefore, an any cast address identifies multiple interfaces. A ny cast
addresses are lik e a cross betw een unicast and multicast addresses. U nicast sends pack ets to one
specific device w ith one specific address, and multicast sends a pack et to every member of a group.
A ny cast addresses send a pack et to any one member of th e group of devices w ith th e any cast address
assigned.
N ote th at th ere is little ex perience w ith w idespread, arbitrary use of Internet any cast addresses, and
th ere are some k now n complications and h az ards w h en using th em in th eir full generality . U ntil
more ex perience h as been gained and solutions h ave been agreed upon for th ose problems, th e
follow ing restrictions are imposed on IPv6 any cast addresses: A n any cast address M U S T N O T be
used as th e source address of an IPv6 pack et. A nd an any cast address M U S T N O T be assigned to an
IPv6 h ost, th at is, it may be assigned to an IPv6 router only .
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I P v6 U n ica st A d d r essin g
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—7
T here are several b asic ty pes of IPv6 unicast ad d resses: g lob al, reserved , private ( includ ing link -local) , loopb ack , and
unspecified .
T he IPv6 g lob al unicast ad d ress is eq uivalent to the IPv4 g lob al unicast ad d ress. A g lob al unicast ad d ress is an IPv6 ad d ress
from the g lob al unicast prefix . T he structure of g lob al unicast ad d resses enab les the ag g reg ation of routing prefix es, which
limits the numb er of routing tab le entries in the g lob al routing tab le. G lob al unicast ad d resses used on link s are ag g reg ated
upward throug h org aniz ations and eventually to the ISPs.
T he IE T F reserves a portion of the IPv6 ad d ress space for various uses, b oth present and future. R eserved ad d resses represent
1 / 2 5 6th of the total IPv6 ad d ress space. Some of the other ty pes of IPv6 ad d resses come from this b lock .
A b lock of IPv6 ad d resses is set asid e for private ad d resses, j ust as is in IPv4. T hese private ad d resses are local only to a
particular link or site and are never routed outsid e of a particular company network . Private ad d resses have a first octet value
of “F E ” in hex ad ecimal notation, with the nex t hex ad ecimal d ig it b eing a value from 8 to F . T hese ad d resses are further
d ivid ed into ty pes b ased on their scope.
•T he concept of link -local ad d resses is new to IPv6. T hese ad d resses have a smaller scope than site-local
ad d resses; they refer only to a particular phy sical link ( such as a phy sical network ) . R outers d o not forward
d atag rams using link -local ad d resses, not even within an org aniz ation; they are only for local communication on a
particular phy sical network seg ment.
•T hese ad d resses are used for link communications such as automatic ad d ress config uration, neig hb or d iscovery ,
and router d iscovery . M any IPv6 routing protocols also use link -local ad d resses.
J ust as in IPv4, a provision is mad e for a special loopb ack IPv6 ad d ress for testing ; d atag rams sent to this ad d ress “loop b ack ”
to the send ing d evice. H owever, in IPv6 there is j ust one ad d ress, not a whole b lock , for this function. T he loopb ack ad d ress is
0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 1 , which is normally ex pressed using z ero compression as “: : 1 ”.
In IPv4, an IP ad d ress of all z eros has a special meaning ; it refers to the host itself, and is used when a d evice d oes not k now
its own ad d ress. In IPv6, this concept is formaliz ed , and the all-z eros ad d ress ( 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 ) is named the “unspecified ”
ad d ress. It is ty pically used in the source field of a d atag ram that is sent b y a d evice that seek s to have its IP ad d ress
config ured . Y ou can apply ad d ress compression to this ad d ress; b ecause the ad d ress is all z eros, the ad d ress b ecomes j ust “: : ”.
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I P v6 G l o ba l U n ica st ( a n d A n y ca st)
A d d r esses
I P v 6 h as th e s ame ad d re s s f ormat f or g l ob al u n i c as t an d f or
an y c as t ad d re s s e s .
U s es a g lobal rou ting p refix—a s tru ctu re that enables ag g reg ation u p w ard,
ev entu ally to the I S P .
A s ing le interface m ay be as s ig ned m u ltip le addres s es of any typ e
( u nicas t, anycas t, and m u lticas t) .
E v ery I P v 6 -enabled interface contains at leas t one loop back ( : : 1 / 1 2 8 )
and one link -local addres s .
O p tionally, ev ery interface can hav e m u ltip le u niq u e local and g lobal
addres s es .
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—8
G lob a l u n i ca s t a d d r es s es a r e d ef i n ed b y a g lob a l r ou ti n g p r ef i x , a s u b n et I D , a n d a n
i n ter f a ce I D . T he I P v 6 u n i ca s t a d d r es s s p a ce en comp a s s es the en ti r e I P v 6 a d d r es s
r a n g e, w i th the ex cep ti on of F F 0 0 : : / 8 (1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ), w hi ch i s u s ed f or mu lti ca s t
a d d r es s es . T he cu r r en t g lob a l u n i ca s t a d d r es s a s s i g n men t b y the I n ter n et A s s i g n ed
N u mb er s A u thor i ty (I A N A ) u s es the r a n g e of a d d r es s es tha t s ta r t w i th b i n a r y v a lu e
0 0 1 (2 0 0 0 : : / 3 ), w hi ch i s 1 / 8 of the tota l I P v 6 a d d r es s s p a ce a n d i s the la r g es t b lock
of a s s i g n ed b lock a d d r es s es .
A d d r es s es w i th a p r ef i x of 2 0 0 0 : : / 3 (0 0 1 ) thr ou g h E 0 0 0 : : / 3 (1 1 1 ) a r e r eq u i r ed to
ha v e 6 4 -b i t i n ter f a ce i d en ti f i er s i n the ex ten d ed u n i v er s a l i d en ti f i er (E U I )-6 4
f or ma t.
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L in k -L o ca l A d d r esses
L ink -local addres s es hav e a s cop e lim ited to the link and are dynam ically
created on all I P v 6 interfaces by u s ing a s p ecific link -local p refix F E 8 0 : : / 1 0
and a 6 4 -bit interface identifier.
L ink -local addres s es are u s ed for au tom atic addres s config u ration, neig hbor
dis cov ery, and rou ter dis cov ery. L ink -local addres s es are als o u s ed by m any
rou ting p rotocols .
L ink -local addres s es can s erv e as a w ay to connect dev ices on the s am e local
netw ork w ithou t needing g lobal addres s es .
W hen com m u nicating w ith a link -local addres s , you m u s t s p ecify the ou tg oing
interface becau s e ev ery interface is connected to F E 8 0 : : / 1 0 .
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—9
IPv6 is defined on most of th e current data link lay er protocols, including th e follow ing:
•E th ernet*
•PPP
•H igh -L evel D ata L ink C ontrol ( H D L C )
•F D D I
•T ok en R ing
•A ttach ed R esource C omputer netw ork ( A R C net)
•N onbroadcast multiaccess ( N BM A )
•A T M
•F rame R elay
•A nd IE E E 13 9 4
A n R F C describes th e beh avior of IPv6 in each of th ese specific data link lay ers, but C isco IO S
softw are does not necessarily support all of th em. T h e data link lay er defines h ow IPv6 interface
identifiers are created and h ow neigh bor discovery deals w ith data link lay er address resolution.
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L a r g er A d d r ess S p a ce E n a bl es
A d d r ess A g g r eg a tio n
2001:0410:0001::/48
2001:0410:0002::/48
A d d re s s ag g re g ati on p rov i d e s th e f ol l ow i n g b e n e f i ts :
A g g reg ation of p refixes annou nced in the g lobal rou ting table
E fficient and s calable rou ting
I m p rov ed bandw idth and fu nctionality for u s er traffic
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—1 0
I P v 6 a lloca tes la r g e n u mb er s of a d d r es s es to I S P s a n d or g a n i z a ti on s . A n I S P
a g g r eg a tes a ll of the p r ef i x es of i ts cu s tomer s i n to a s i n g le p r ef i x a n d a n n ou n ces the
s i n g le p r ef i x to the I P v 6 I n ter n et. T he i n cr ea s ed a d d r es s s p a ce i s s u f f i ci en t to a llow
or g a n i z a ti on s to d ef i n ea s in g le p r ef i x f or thei r en ti r e n etw or k .
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A ssig n in g I P v6 G l o ba l U n ica st
A d d r esses
S tatic as s ig nm ent
– M anu al interfac e ID as s ig nm ent
– EU I-64 interfac e ID as s ig nm ent
D y nam ic as s ig nm ent
S tateles s au toc onfig u ration
D H C Pv6 (s tatefu l)
RouterX(config-if) ipv6 address 2001:DB8:2222:7272::72/64
Interface id entifiers in IPv6 ad d resses are used to id entify interfaces on a link . T hey can also b e thoug ht of as the “host
portion” of an IPv6 ad d ress. Interface id entifiers are req uired to b e uniq ue on a specific link . Interface id entifiers are alway s
64 b its and can b e d y namically d erived from a L ay er 2 med ia and encapsulation.
O ne way to statically assig n an IPv6 ad d ress to a d evice is to manually assig n b oth the prefix ( or network ) and interface ID ( or
host) portion of the IPv6 ad d ress. T o config ure an IPv6 ad d ress on a C isco router interface and enab le IPv6 processing on that
interface, use the ipv 6 address command in interface config uration mod e.
T he ex ample shows how to enab le IPv6 processing on the interface and config ure an ad d ress b ased on the d irectly specified
b its.
A nother way to statically assig n an IPv6 ad d ress is to config ure the prefix portion of the IPv6 ad d ress and d erive the interface
ID from the L ay er 2 M A C ad d ress of the d evice, k nown as the E U I-64 interface ID .
T o config ure an IPv6 ad d ress for an interface and enab le IPv6 processing on the interface using an E U I-64 interface ID in the
low-ord er 64 b its of the ad d ress ( or host) , use the ipv 6 address eui-6 4 command in interface config uration mod e.
T he ex ample assig ns an IPv6 ad d ress to E thernet interface 0 and uses an E U I-64 interface ID in the low ord er 64 b its of the
ad d ress.
A utoconfig uration, as the name implies, is a mechanism that automatically config ures the IPv6 ad d ress of a nod e. In IPv6, it is
assumed that b oth PC s and non-PC d evices are connected to a network . T he autoconfig uration mechanism was introd uced to
enab le plug -and -play network ing of these d evices and to help red uce ad ministrative overhead .
D H C P for IPv6 enab les D H C P servers to pass config uration parameters such as IPv6 network ad d resses to IPv6 nod es. It
automatically allocates reusab le network ad d resses and ad d itional config uration with flex ib ility . T his protocol is a stateful
counterpart to IPv6 stateless ad d ress autoconfig uration ( und er R F C 2 462 ) , and can b e used separately or concurrently with
IPv6 stateless ad d ress autoconfig uration to ob tain config uration parameters.
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IPv6 E U I-64 Int e r f ac e Ide nt i f i e r
©2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —1 2
T h e 6 4-bit interface identifier in an IPv6 address identifies a uniq ue interface on a link . A link
is a netw ork medium over w h ich netw ork nodes communicate using th e data link lay er. T h e
interface identifier can also be uniq ue over a broader scope. In many cases, an interface
identifier is th e same as, or is based on, th e data link lay er ( or M A C ) address of an interface.
A s in IPv4, a subnet prefix in IPv6 is associated w ith one link .
Interface identifiers in global unicast and oth er IPv6 address ty pes must be 6 4 bits long and
can be constructed in th e 6 4-bit E U I-6 4 format. T h e E U I-6 4 format interface ID is derived
from th e 48 -bit data link lay er ( M A C ) address by inserting th e h ex adecimal number F F F E
betw een th e upper th ree by tes ( or th e O rganiz ational U niq ue Identifier [ O U I] field) and th e
low er th ree by tes ( or serial number) of th e data link lay er address. T o indicate th at th e ch osen
address is from a uniq ue E th ernet M A C address, th e seventh bit in th e h igh -order by te is set to
1 ( eq uivalent to th e IE E E G/ L bit) to indicate th e uniq ueness of th e 48 -bit address.
T h e seventh bit ( starting w ith th e leftmost bit as “1”) in an IPv6 interface identifier is referred
to as th e U niversal/ L ocal bit, or U / L bit. T h is bit identifies w h eth er th is interface identifier is
locally uniq ue on th e link or th at it is universally uniq ue. In th e case w h ere th e interface
identifier is created from an E th ernet M A C address, it is assumed th at th e M A C address is
universally uniq ue and, th erefore, th e interface identifier is universally uniq ue.
T h e rationale of th e U / L bit is for future use of th e upper-lay er protocols to uniq uely identify a
connection, even in th e contex t of a ch ange in th e leftmost part of th e address. H ow ever, th is is
not y et used.
T h e eigh th bit ( starting w ith leftmost bit as “1”) , also k now n as th e “G” bit, is a
group/ individual bit for managing groups.
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IPv6 Routing Protocols
© 2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s t e m s , In c . A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —1 3
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R IPng ( R F C 2 0 8 0 )
S im il a r IPv4 f ea tures
D istance v ector , r ad ius of 1 5 hop s, sp l it hor iz on, and p oison
r ev er se
B ased on R IP v 2
U pd a ted f ea tures f or IPv6
IP v 6 p r ef ix , nex t-hop IP v 6 ad d r ess
Uses the m ul ticast g r oup F F 0 2 : : 9 , the al l -r ip -r outer s m ul ticast
g r oup , as the d estination ad d r ess f or R IP up d ates
Uses IP v 6 f or tr ansp or t
N am ed R IP ng
©2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —1 4
R ou ti n g I n f or ma ti on P r otocol n ex t g en er a ti on (R I P n g ) i s a d i s ta n ce v ector
r ou ti n g p r otocol w i th a li mi t of 1 5 hop s tha t u s es s p li t hor i z on a n d p oi s on
r ev er s e to p r ev en t r ou ti n g loop s . R I P n g i n clu d es the f ollow i n g f ea tu r es :
•I s b a s ed on a n d i s s i mi la r to I P v 4 R I P v er s i on 2
•U s es I P v 6 f or tr a n s p or t
•I n clu d es the I P v 6 p r ef i x a n d n ex t-hop I P v 6 a d d r es s
•U s es the mu lti ca s t g r ou p F F 0 2 : : 9 , the a ll-R I P -r ou ter s mu lti ca s t g r ou p , a s the
d es ti n a ti on a d d r es s f or R I P u p d a tes
•S en d s u p d a tes on U s er D a ta g r a m P r otocol (U D P ) p or t 5 2 1
•I s s u p p or ted b y C i s co I O S R elea s e 1 2 .2 (2 )T a n d la ter
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IPv4 -to-IPv6 T ra nsition
T h e transition from IPv4 does not req uire upgrades on all nodes at th e same time. M any transition
mech anisms enable smooth integration of IPv4 and IPv6 . O th er mech anisms th at allow IPv4 nodes to
communicate w ith IPv6 nodes are available. A ll of th ese mech anisms are applied to different situations.
T h e th ree most common tech niq ues to transition from IPv4 to IPv6 are as follow s:
• D ual stack is an integration meth od w h ere th e node h as connectivity to both an IPv4 and IPv6 netw ork . A s a
result, th e node and its corresponding routers h ave tw o protocol stack s.
• T h ere are several tunneling tech niq ues available:
• M anual IPv6 -over-IPv4 tunneling is an integration meth od w h ere an IPv6 pack et is encapsulated
w ith in IPv4. T h is req uires dual-stack routers.
• D y namic 6 to4 tunneling is a meth od th at automatically connects IPv6 islands th rough an IPv4
netw ork , ty pically th e Internet. T h e 6 to4 tunneling meth od dy namically applies a valid, uniq ue IPv6
prefix to each IPv6 island, enabling fast deploy ment of IPv6 in a corporate netw ork w ith out address
retrieval from IS Ps or registries.
• Intra-S ite A utomatic T unnel A ddressing Protocol ( IS A T A P) tunneling is an automatic overlay
tunneling mech anism th at uses th e underly ing IPv4 netw ork as a link lay er for IPv6 . IS A T A P tunnels
allow individual IPv4 or IPv6 dual-stack h osts w ith in a site to communicate w ith oth er such h osts on
a virtual link , creating an IPv6 netw ork using th e IPv4 infrastructure.
• T eredo tunneling is an IPv6 transition tech nology th at provides h ost-to-h ost automatic tunneling
instead of gatew ay tunneling. It passes unicast IPv6 traffic w h en dual-stack ed h osts ( th at is, h osts
th at are running both IPv6 and IPv4) are located beh ind one or multiple IPv4 N etw ork A ddress
T ranslators.
• Prox y ing and translation is a translation mech anism th at sits betw een an IPv6 netw ork and an IPv4 netw ork .
T h e j ob of th e translator is to translate IPv6 pack ets into IPv4 pack ets and vice versa.
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Cisco IOS Dual Stack
IPv4
IPv6
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—1 6
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C isco IO S D ua l S ta ck ( C ont. )
IPv4: 192.168.99.1
IPv6: 3 f f e :b 0 0 :c 18:1::3
© 2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s t e m s , In c . A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —1 7
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IP v 6 T un n e lin g
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—1 8
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E nab l i ng IPv6 o n C i s c o R o u t e r s
RouterX(config)#
ipv6 unicast-r o uting
Enab l es IP v 6 tr af f ic f or w ar d ing
RouterX(config-if)#
ipv6 ad d r e ss ipv6prefix/prefix-l en g t h e ui-64
Conf ig ur es the inter f ace IP v 6 ad d r esses
©2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —1 9
I P v 6 i s en a b led on a p er -i n ter f a ce b a s i s .
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IPv6 A ddr e s s C o nf i g u r at i o n E x am p l e
©2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —2 0
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C o nf i g u r i ng and V e r i f y i ng R IPng f o r IPv6
RouterX(config)#
ip v 6 router rip tag
C reat es an d en t ers R I P ro u t er co n f i g u rat i o n m o de
RouterX(config-if)#
ip v 6 rip tag ena b l e
C o n f i g u res R I P o n an i n t erf ace
s h ow ip v 6 rip
D i sp l ay s t h e st at u s o f t h e v ari o u s R I P p ro cesses
s h ow ip v 6 route rip
S h o w s R I P ro u t es i n t h e I P v 6 ro u t e t ab l e
©2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —2 1
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R IPng f o r IPv6 C o nf i g u r at i o n E x am p l e
©2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 —2 2
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Sum m ar y
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—23
T ransitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 req uires dual stack s, tunneling, and
p ossibly N A T -PT .
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Q uiz Q ue stion 1
a) u n i c as t
b ) m u l t i c as t
c ) e v e r y c as t
d ) b r o ad c as t
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—24
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Q uiz Q ue stion 2
a) w ith th e “: : : ” s y m b o l
b ) b y e lim i n at i n g l e ad i n g z e r o s
c ) b y r e p l ac i n g f o u r c o n s e c u tiv e z e r o s w ith as in g le z e r o
d ) w ith th e “: : ” s y m b o l
© 20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6—25
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T ha n k y ou f or ta k i n g the T r a n s i ti on i n g to I P v 6 Q u i ck L ea r n i n g M od u le.
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