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    Damisch PDF

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    Ana Ribeiro

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4oS:1.c.200.29 A THEORY OF /CLOUD/ Toward a History of Painting Habe Dam Tame by fot Ud oN “4 “) eo s6/ ) === ‘Our Sheer’s White Care Demwwdtineeai Seine i ee ‘singe be Au naam ea Meni ng rv ty Touch and wt far Sota oy he Beton nye “Sep: are “aa (cams Hee Wend In the Service of Clouds “The presen wock has 20 fr concentrated on the eaton bersen signs and repeseaaion in the poral cone inheied from the Renae ‘nce. The word sg hs been seed ints twofold (and possibly cone itr) sense f(s sing unt dercable a such om Ggurative ‘vo-dimensonlurfice and (} smptomaiesur trough which he representational proces, the she of which panting 3t tht time ap pointed slo be, revealed ise in che very way tha was ognized ‘Webaveseen what implicit scree elaons manifested, given that (Oar Shes White Cae 185 ‘epreenation was in principle inked to the ode of signs, and signs in thei tur sogie the sepesenativenese fom he representation isle However torial weable tay be, the tha vial epesenaion, in pling is prin othe discursive vary is fst ofall login mane. ‘Representation ony ex awh if ipsa lf a the preston of eprenation, by means of characteristic duplication dat operates tthe level of sgn a well at teat of ead” cat ensures than ine demonsracvemtre thatthe representational process governed by certain ules As for sigs, whet soo chat what they fof semiotic ‘mesg they gan in epesenttional meaning lnc mistion apps ino overconventon, and illasonism over arbirarine"), the pmblic Shite caused by he ineduction ofthe perspective regime, andthe onse- ‘quent opening up ofthe fd of eubacutons, dfinivelyrenoed hem toa dacunive ole Aethe limita sign war denied all ans. Brunel lechivexperiment edced oud oan ele ofrefecion, miter image engineered within the figurative field by di ofa material artic. Bat the signfcance of thc reduccon ie ewofold, boc eon nd sympromati iewat a once a consequence and evidence ofthe instinuton of perper- tse space athe bea pace of (e)presentaon Fat fom ion (the imation of which are cle detecable her) beng «pine of the stm ie now appeac ar an ee Fit which x dependne upon the representational sucrre, This means ta, een within the system of ep Ieteration, the use of ions borrows not so much frm mechani of ‘luson a rom the later rans cabled beonen anion element ated anyother clement with which may be oie on the Burtve plne;and f the element canbe ren ar ymptom, shit xn 20 mck ‘on accoun of es referent as beau ofthe position and fancons allot ‘oitin the system, insofar asthe ler defines speci el of production, seca dated and geographically localized “The tame logic tat le Brundlachi on principe to exe “real” dood fom de domain of what i “depict” dicated the wee ofthe {gap inorder w gee sound che constutive clonic ofthe tem, and Foose constant 6 mk the oral contain hat wa i ‘maiming That war the sraion up unl the day when ideslogy having finally come totems with dhe theoreal implications of he gemmeiae ‘on of spac, representation became able ro acommodate the introduce son of coud a pica acer, within the Bgurative Framework 184 Our Sheth White Core cei bythe pepsin. The cl ths fr Cong, id sewed “npn” nel ed pce wold be dO he Ventanas and nape pine of therein and ephcnth tens gre ce the “gli” of indie spams An these nde sith Ruy war pi sare the Hane plat 4 the dem clos that an te mle dpe of Cade can they would no more undermine teamed epee nie dan wold the mas cos among which he gat of eo ply othe iy dans nd eee: pepe of fea By faking in the came dha ued ocancte he cpa coeeraen oF islet ner, epreseacion wat demons eh te exe ofthe symm piso alpeaon an al the bene of oma ence If od hus mass he oe ofthe tei doen oppos- son thea piney ich sgn gnend tragh ko sy sic dio, wrk ody Bu sas epee een Pleo, sohing could be mee maken that temp oly Js pico Freon the pound fa soealed ease thr pl i mane In ch res inthe Sgr ie, bth ese of is appeaner and eeu ofa ies hs no lly Spar fe ha signed wit by the epee, Doe ht ea hat imply bara weve, can be ated woo in nine ‘x peop” Thos pred ine rear and fom th ot a eth sth of gh i he gen ena be en spe Sequel anne ins gre sino pa! by he perp toda he cd cence s umber of aly Wend tone Bache neo ure of dvs ot ie oul sa here inder ay more than exaust fay ofthe re che level of sition thesia oposton, ee Cape pt). 1 same sere ton te pal eas eee ‘perience sano, one tes count the {Efacoce been he es wrt mig cone ply: neg on my aip slo), nwa an intept, sow aga noe {Sign oa eg he cpt eg ace nt pata Aqui gar on wate in conics th ork oe sg the fet of whieh to lon the hl ofthe tray oper tw inepuoc ta heh ns ge ston te sane Our She White Core 85 ‘or commuative force, gstantecing the unity ofthe eepecsentation by che ‘means pci ig and in conformity withthe emis nom Alter Patel, i aay operate a dninegratt, eof ay, ceasing to opera at ign ad ling itl as gure (in the sense already explained ie ‘eet callin queion, thanks ro ts abeence of limi and hough the solvent efits to which cds isl the coherence and consisency of ‘tata ndring thats based on aca delineation fun, “This ambience ofthe sgn which reflec and duplicates that of ‘he sjstem—illuminats is formes: elo served a wie aie of pur pots ranging fom those of «pul sigalg and descipve atu 0 masructive, or even devrait, ops Atte tm ofthe egheendh 2nd ‘intent centri, and within the famawork of method excl de ned as produc, i was to serve new ones. A Naw Moted gf Aung “seni in Drawing Orginal Compan of Landa, pblihed 75 bythe Englaman Alexander Cone se ont be siciy mechanical principle, borowing nothing fom imitation of che masters or of ature, Since it wi founded soley upon the pont afrmaton wo be detived form sin and bling: “To hecho taafer Meas fom te ind tothe paper. 10 lot sto make varied spots... prodacng accidental foun tom which ideas ae presented tothe nd... To kc is to delinate eats botng suggest tern”? Understandably, he epetry of elo formations haa peril place i thie colton. Sia enough (Conn method eed mach ink fos Ye, howener ileal tay Inne semed ro academic minds on seus of te manifestation of a n= ‘nusonof chance automatism oven shapelesness ino the pict field, ‘the method invlved no real theoretical beak wich the pst. In principle, je war no more scandalous than Leonard's or Piro di Cosi’ aomed invert neces of amido purus left on wal Gombrchcreainly reiliaed that Cores schemata and the inespreaions tat he propos derived, a lest ia par, fom a well-sablshed wadition aceing 12 ‘which Claude Lorain was the uncallenged master ofthe gence of ade {espe Tate nas thar a pong eves ona wall ja in ee hang, ‘loud formations, peopl ee whatever they wih see: configurations of ‘cides, images fom thei deste of sg oftheir cue 86 Our Skt White Care equines dons xl feng” ep gs po “And vin oo he cin sag i thd the on aig er, dle, omg By ing dco ee cv oe esa a igri he sion rn the sang heey emt ha thd fa se tous aoa annrumet the vce eet Aa inde what apelin th inca enya ‘ech Raskin duel he poral pod se heer of lads ian ais cxenin ta, othe ew tines ai ity regi she pretence pmol orden thst church ipsa nt inh ll ped beh oa nena mae the mas igi, od wich panes ba pated i forslng. now theo o see Wot ou es the dite charter mar lnpe pang” Ache Sern igh and iro inthe ky manfred by Engl lndeape ter chs es Fidng Hag tsb Tiered Giese sted. Acting tim, modern pit sped tc pee st a of landeape pining, ring with he seal on that tenga mae Poin nd Ce Lona an ae, thereon the spent arth" of ei eich luda pled par Bc con tha be preted np for of his thas weil bred fm th ede eprenin F Set ors the reper of wha wat nies ach nde a jy ad frotfom espera cine ft? ope tas ot $e and oting eis ero ne power Gol than he oy ofthe man aterm coeine, thosl eenphasel, no age inastonmial ems bt in earl ne nd nih oad frsened othe sigh fen nh nema peae othe tgs The ines ofthe px were ale exes th uly fey. but ddr ee upon th thy i ox pce tee (ur Shes White Care 89 connection benwces the blaenes ofthe anor and the whites of ‘the clouds the reulted sein in which dos were dsribucd in he Alifezent regions, te soi sens, ech of which coresponded pe ‘fe fral datum: cea io, the only oe to which eter pines Gn partial the Bemis) had pid attention; an upper region thet Turner nade his force domain opening" the wold another apocalype of ewven"? and nally lower rein, thao in cloud nd mits wihout form or conszency, whee modera punters excl Buta Raskin iter acknowledged (in a carious preudo sient d- ion, which, awe shal se, set the selon his itil zemars),dhere ‘wee nguve at wo as psitv aspect to the service of the clouds The ‘ey frmalaconoeed the modern ate foropen expan withoulimis or rods, chee dese for Ibert and a nature fe fom the rule of man (as wa al elie at another lee! an in anober conte by their t= ‘recon ro rain, where the ullep constructed onder bad sic, just 1 eompositonal onder appears to dsinepate amid the lous). Sia, thei love of mountains was clot linked wo hei ove of oud since che ‘ubliniy ofthe former was enhanced by the presence of de late! I ‘hore, dhe formal “in the eve ofthe lds” nda secala vision of che specrace of aaure (Wheres the medical neve paiced cloud tut wth the puspone of placing an angel upon i. we have no ber lief dha the clouds contain more chan 30 many inchs of rain o bal”) “Moder pines were interested inthe perespble apes of cls chit cbjecive configurations, che effec of mins the ppetance of ching sen ‘Seog the seen of toepher oration. But dhe was another ide ¢othisiceres. Whereas the printers of te as ad sought for sabi, permanence, ay, the modern spectator wae invited o take pleasure a busy, he ephemeral, change, and to dsive the greats seston and instruction om dat which was the hardex to fx and understand: Wind, ight coud shadows, and soon. As Ruskin was wo wet ia 853, the service of clouds was formula that could unforunaely be wed ‘arcerie modern ae ints most sive spect. Did not much ofthe rnyery cle by his contemporaties proceed fom a dee "speak ingeniowly of make that Aiophanes had long since denounced in his ply enided Cloud? Aconling ro Ruskin, Arzophanes was the only one ofalthe Greeks thar spoken il of ous, and also to hve made ncae- Fil xed of them (but whee docs that eve Aro nd Epicura). Sub 188 One Sh White Cae sevvene wo wha wat tanint, uncertain, an uinelighbleceraialy tls made inal flea the level of composi (x was proved, aconing ‘o Ruskin, by the imporance eqired in nape pining by the sk. which the foreground war now sordid forthe later would be made be in mdr to empase the whines of che oud) Ba ital a fected drovng: edie printer drew with the gets care ad in rest deal, wheres for modern painting “i all concerning smoke only this waste drum, so exerthig remained vague nrbetnil, npc.” ‘Under the eadng "enclent” Ruskin coined to lump togetier the ising ofthe Middle Ages that of he Rennsnce and alte aii linked wit he academicinerpreston ofthe wot of Pousin and Clue Lorain. Ac the sme ime, ews without reservation that he adie the 1c of Taser, which seme to him o demons the rpeioty of che modems ia landscape pining. Fore csied th rah of the eens smoag the most important “ruth” dt art had wo understand, eva sore Jmportanc than the ath fcoag, which edged to be cond othe teuth of form. And fits diel eablh in wha “he rth foods consis, that i precely bec hey can ate the nos diverse forms but ics aio the neon why ado clouds can be so poftable Waris wee mare in the abit of decking oud ply, aw acaely 1 posible in le tne Fo nance, nen of dig de we hye “ec with he bah ey woud on fn hr eve bent aoa hel fas than canbe seat any don icy fenton. mee ean (ny empha “This maybe eogarded a an implicit iin of Cones’ technique: foe vy, feral sk fom chance what nature dense, indbiably with x sign, wth sch geerscyand ia ways hat so wondefly combine both ‘ayesy ad bea? “Myer this appear tobe the specific charceticof Tamer sar, wich i dffenited rom all other at by its seemingly uncertain exe ‘atin, to sucha eee that hit pine fen appear be the pron. dal sepesenaive of “loudiness” and ofthe “vaguene” 2 chance tic of whole section ofthe painting ofthe nineteenth ennary” "Every ‘one of his compositions [is] evden dicated by a delight in cing only parof things ther dha the whol, and in cating clouds and mist around them rate thn unveig hen Now, Rustin mass ve seed that, rom the pint of view ofthe masterpiece of Ilan acand the works iB ur Shc White Cae 189 ofthe Phe Raphasies, this was someshing ofa paradox: for tno "erest ‘eawing™ ea and precise, and des ie not aim fra clear delineation of Fao? In conta Ture, whom Ruskin, despite everthing, consnued to regard athe anges personaly ofthe age, he Pre-Rapcter—the ewes men «cla, chat modern Europe hud produced inthe ans lcbrted the era of ightand wre unainout in condrning fog and slilusion bed on “haises" However, the debate that divided the a= ‘ran of cloud (Copley Felling nd other) from thr opponent (San- Feld, Harding), debate tae Rakin could not ignore, war By no means tow Kwa, o repent ina diirene conte, he debate dha inthe ow day set Coreg and the Veneians, Rubens and Rembeand, in oppasi- tin opuintr ofthe Raphalenqu radon and in general all those ‘who eld indincies in horton and ew theme a he champions of ‘ee viion ad "an ends erpiiy of space” “Try, he couds seem tobe geingmoch the wor of isan, Lee, forthe momenta if noshing could be ad for thm. However, bang been myself long 4 coud-wotsippet, and pased ian hours of Hie in the pursuit of them fom crag rag, I must consider what can pony ‘besubmite in theidfence, and in Tarner"™ These ner contey Ri in perpleiy folowing hs dscoreryof lian arcand the arf the Pre- Rael. But his defense of Turner prover, even inthe contradictions Into which tends, thatthe author of Mader Panton athe endof the dy, jeizone none of the ides that he had marred before hie ave Tey Ince Sn place, oud xt whether nei to ot are hat desided hatches anda andsepe pane ignores chem athe ik offall- {nginco mennerim. Inthe cond place and shir warafandamentl rule ‘of Ruskin seater "theres no excelence without obscuty "Mie ‘ery inclides nc only heparan vata nd ha ude and ite seve so wel, bu also the Lind dha is cntnuous, permanent, and that oxseponds, x ll ace to the init of things" The Pre Raphael, lie Taner (wo, Ruskin insist uu hen), are themes fall of mystery and suggse more than what ca be sen. For the fc i hat there 0 sboluey clear and dint pecepton: whit mater know ing where the rystery boi, "with the poi of ineligible fraying] in dins™™ Diane, vii (and the effec of atmospheric perspective, and ‘he nocon of “pone of intelli”) there is nothing new about Rus- 190 Our St Wie Care ns of hough Hf ou copa wh sy, hat of Leonard The ti problem foo 1 mendon the ath”) wih whieh Be coun ‘ced the eadenc tn, fm ngedacing enw doops the canary mated ot mon pri with spends eam, he fein x whch they war cast dot ame tine eel he ead edo whc le. The rem os ely tt tay bee oo dad petra nes nace erm node te dawn wih a pied intrament Only ach, ed dlsey rosie pal of pring cud ean earl at ‘i: Dou thse char Rakin che cotton hse add “peng ye dn hone tea Ne foresee min dae edith take nent ‘sasha extn nda ile ace goad ‘pprtinaon wa ung, and fo daving 2 hk ld pened al thine rth when ata tending sad cs jus when wed a poi an be ed for roi lin The ‘ron why oud dos ot ene dng oto muh shape et ithe is intbty and evanacence It posible pic fora to daw «dou beled reformed: an he er co ‘prc she drngofa wl cad hema cote ‘they nds fom mee. i cil Timers progr enon sh gue hin eg 4s the rend of shen “Other pea men clued ees belly fone but he ere dow the ry ht pone: coming fom is comma Ibi of dings ike vying ce ath he peel pine" ‘Asse in Rss, eter cd ha nai at (Soman i deine he merle esomenon hat ear ting sabi as ce fet tothe insisted a bth 2 since inge and an ce eben poi where balan inna aren iy Beg minor hd sre how douse a oucktne out pardon ees) ‘which jude the rth ping Fr Raskin vey inh ean of ual ct. Th elt inate shin by mens signs and mbt eon pede ecg when they ae imap and ros etd nok tebe para Phenomena Tis eae pley—in which Resin eth oly eo Indlge— wih heen of anced or, hinge ad gna, Our She White Care 398 and reprsenraon is characteris of particular etal method and Courts for both ts detours and is eves. This too canbe veri once “pin vey simply, by considering the example of cond. Where cloud n [sting are concene, we ave en how Ruskin can beled int il- tes tvough avn aed borate an expliciethenry of how icoacsigne rele to ha referents When it coms “el” cloud, be peas that I incapable of explaining Why is Fog so hea, and why ae maser Feven the met clos ude to ight? What males oud Boat inthe Sie What is he eaplanation fr the fat tt vapor dtu in the ar becomes vile? Abe all what can br id ofthe shape of oud (How {a dad oudined”)* When the qurton i frmlatd like thi i pro cons fom ceva confinon berween the geil andthe refer ated besween spy and subtnce. According to Runkin there ar ao antwers to these querons, Nevers hey increase the pleaue thai dered fom “yetry” Sint withthe movement of oud” ic canner be ex ned, excep by theories abou elec and he infinite, which nobody Aindetands all "The reference othe inte thas insoduced by the subject of hes ard low is by no rene Sruitou: it ehows the extent vo which Ruskin (Goo Taner hisl? remained» psonerof che tradition of thought hat _eubboriyscoveto stn opposition thescentife peometril and bret inne (sul imerpreted ina rst sense) anda pci and expres sive infinite tha religions andor meaphysicl ideology could accommo- ‘at. Is ot he “xprenion ofthe init the ft hig to comer when judging «pining, even nt dea? Is that note roo of Tne’ ‘allen, Tene, whose lus even tiny portion of i alas "infinite," sles of incommensrable depth and expanse? Butonchas ont 5n3- Iyze the means by which he achieved this o discover that Tne’ at is Al greed bythe sume rls athe tof hia predecto even clouds Inve abe put ine perpective and if one pretends tha they ree at ‘ai eis ay to et in places pid or checerboud) hat wl sow ow they shoal be daposed. The wind may introduce an spparene confusion {er isdid in Leonard’ pining) but nonehsles,perpetve provide the tule for any sy arrangement, whether cb areca sem ota is snore ecm che xe «carved one (ge 6 Ii beers pte se ignore of perspective and the rule of proportion chat em fom it ‘hat they Bil inthe expression of buoyancy and space inthe sy." ‘cu 6, Ruskin, Te Ppt {fis (cline) cen Mader Frm London 05 [UAE 6. Rsk, The Prec $f nds (ecline) Mder ‘Paina Lae 89) 5 ur Stet White Care 395, ‘The deer include in is adieation both the ar of Tuer and shar of che Pre-Raphaelite ths fred the idol t show his hand: be bind che sren of miss and clouds, the paramount excelence of linstisy remain ated, evn in he functions allod o che cove tha consis ‘he bet guaran of pveged pon, In che servic of the cloud Far Ruskin dhe fom ae dhe fre of, oc so much program, rahe setement of fact Fa rom inuoducig new theories, eters thei station of perspective, with a warning ote: this service” mr not be ‘auido uh extemes he sre would desoy itl by renouncing itsreplatory principle" On the contay what mut dois accom itself eensing tthe cy, nthe ened tack lt, ll he pri ples of eranization tha apply fr the scene isl (although historical, [swe have see, the yor "ong wa converted nto checkerboard be- Fore he gound eer wat) The schemata cli peepective sheched ‘by Rakin at ll gnemed by she tradionl pn of, and che diis- ishing eee tha hey impose upon the coud secording to tee poston ‘on the checkerboard sin keeping wich wainal practice After ll aeade- mcians were aught epithe shadows es upon the round by oud that hones remain ouside be famework ofthe preston, nore © ‘infos che el of dep thai obaied ina landscape, by encane of enpetive of on kind or another" Inia, oud bad nly founda place ‘within the tem cans ro ftcing of i principles and a slackening rth mote apparent than rea—of the focal constrain ha regulated the functioning ofthe sytem a uch. Bt uch was the xb of dat _ptemandso extensive wees power of aapason that at the ery mo- ‘ent when wat sbout be andamenallychreatened appealed oat sey dement, a both a ymeacal tol and factor of sion, in oder to prmere thecolerence of epeenaton thar was pvered cer mate ‘eval y the repime of penpecve Bar we need orem othe retons that led Raskin, onthe reer ofasing thos questions, to confess, somewhat complaceny, hs chimed Inably to ante the progres of moder since Since the bein- ring ofthe cent, te oecvation ofthe ey and atmoxpherie phenomena Goethe iat 194 Our Shar Whie Care Lake Howard who had weiten an esay on the scientific csficaton of clouds in which helloeated the othe snes oie ust 8 Ran seat ltr. At the dime, hs work was repaded both ts atempe se explanation, prediction, nd deacon and ala he source «nur of poems, ech, and paintings dha ok cloud a hc feet ba to which Ruskin, curiously enough, pid no ateon. They incded Goethe, Constable Gee Piste 78), andthe Norwegian Johan Christian Dahl tsp nothing of Shelley admirable poem?” Kuit Bade seems to have ove estimate she ier impact of Hema studies of which Constable for isp, appears to have been oly unaware) and pote he probe of the elation between at and sence prey in terms “sources” and ine ences” Neverthles, hc percived the estas forthe objective convergence thats nail, he Begining ofthe ntenthcemtary, berwen the wks of meteoralopins and cern pictorial and poetic work ‘which although they domo sey speaking conta “genre never thelescertaly represent, among the general and vidal wots of te ‘ime, a group wit an aonony and speci of sown, Both the sedis of Constable and the obervations that Lake How- ans work prompted Goce to make empsize the temporal cum seances afletingphenomens, Constable himself was lay uc co note ‘onthe ack of his studies not oly the dt, bur alo thee, the pce, the temperature the dieton athe winds, nd 0 on.” The acon ew ofthe Rensance was nw eeplced bys dincronic if ot hori vew (ce Howard's ide of “a history of imate”) Kwa al matter of unde sanding the temporal developmen ofthe acl psnomens that occur Jnspace. (Constable who wanted landscape painting co be wen as wll 1 poi congrated Rueda for having managed to produce «his ‘ory the new sens ofthe rerm neta itor for having ade sod that what he was punting and che lndsepe il were he pr ‘cc not ofthe imagination but of ddan)" Bute intrest in ous ‘mas not solely sponse onesies ocheoretal preoeupaios It also filed romance rere on the pac of Baudelaire a well as Gost, ‘on th infinite, he far dance, he inden, and the powers ofthat hich as no form. Kart Bade appstly note tit in nineteen cenary painting cloud occupies a place comparable o that ld by draperies in Afcenth-centary mish panting. Hs remarks prpaed the way forthe “neces in shaplesnes” that Vary aeribued to Degas, consiering the Our She White Care 195, seo ee Vib pee at an ha wih ‘Sm petri te pe sted inning oe ma PORE tical dning rd een A {ESTs ons and py oy lc a i a d6hUh—rUr——-— “ud erwin ete sot ih wr eae Jato Nephi poypat mach nione Lrrr—__—C“w tons ar ew i ay i, af es _ a ~=~=—rsr—e cep died bs py pn ye ‘pune chein snSason a enone ene Weve cen isomet gphic non hme oT nape Pini unin tt Coe ie ara Fon Shope en hfe nl Sree tangs wa at Nea phon ment fe tpn oti tnkr as Go tomes ‘resi eNom secs ning ing ‘egal yi bel ana eee ste De sae esas —rt—~—r———CeE_— Soe ieres eerste’ LT —— tntoprcts sani un Teer mene ‘tpl at py whole ate a = _—=—h—h—r— ‘Sev nkdw be fae oon Shon bane! ncn be el mri es ‘hp outfits ama dp | =r—r— ‘Semen Gow slen Ga Ger Caradon Con) ‘rds sym pct png se oe een eps on ne pen ee fa nasi a C—h—,—r——_ 196 Our Shes White Care fuerte bese hss conned nde he rene wnds ot Becae tns whichhl tgter and ate ne pds el become mt entangled or ben ener Roa eed the wats ofr many other eens ith puton pee al myhlgldgesione Laces admin ppeon one ‘ey (a weds wy tdeler esto fed which teed om hg of casa Nate poy Shacks when clouds pod: many deryaona ne pac a 2 oduced by thick clowts med ats php eel fois “Exluio f myths inden eau ell Shae on proper sted o he fac nd eee heise ince what ile" Howe bth Goche and Radin cs in iow wy, stove ern oppsn wo mae nee "gh of yh nde, soe he lions tie anaes concn no pic ion Jn Lats mali tex the frmaton of duds provide tough ison of the poe by wich he noms the nnn thei cane othe “Clouds pte ene pce ty shoves runt of fyingboine come ogee ube ges and high thy ae ranged with ey nal cer sep toe in ital schment© Incr comen hdc ie ‘ivi ante vibe inped no onslepcaldoen: reso 4 mace: otal: “When he dou fe tne tag ae ‘hee can seth al hin twin dive and any then cher moana ope Now at gt pred tps pene ae ok ced tpt ty ae also heen Be Rael soc ving hin scp meh mn, secede were ee ‘esac a dep tha te he fe hime nd aged Se aud night be compo of pera leer i tn te on!" her ment. ecg thar ae ny she len of si, er and et, Wha te probing os lings cena thy mahi tery con oe see Painiog quent Rakin, oir mah seo Cele ma of clu Ft fom pede spon th en od herealreason for th iron of cera dh ca on ines cing in hese of dd ews 8 Face ‘epi hi ste fs indy nda an ed oy ed Our Sheets White Cae 197 change inthe gc ofthe eats change ind byte ppeannce inthe Earopean dy of poof cod fame wknown, The sect hack gr nrg nth armchair ety mated bra ith he trade of henson fe fuer” Income th tt Nad uns te roar anager per he queon of he rion bere he sige and the sed in Fig dined fren ovr chime bes ul yl St cm ara nthing noc sen ine eof ecoahng rpc a Kin of te andthe Souten shol” tha af tes el igi pn ted oe + cet er treme th spr of mano lana in opotion wo te ademas Now, epi browings fot don th try pining expound nol by MP Hai a Ao by Sia’ Commony dso tees dey Hd Se a duced aby slant us hing soo pings in ch of ‘le which ae character, en nth hung of by aad rei outing n wih clr til a ise abion—w supine te dving, OF cue to hs capri rope oposion i ony fla ines a edocs ot explain che hit volo of Cnr ping Howee he hel debt sou ao i laminated by he ly ‘wean on th one and noo fet academia commited she rice linearity anon he tts ping thar pl ot to be vanes (Tae ae countenance he prt of ome, pared andy "pining wth no cont oat ‘oud sped out his er ypon the oo and pe then wit Our Shs White Cae 205 ‘athe wou then tar nc lndscapes by ang the od seo hee and ‘here; anocher would we his pga 4 painebrish ot would pain wich Is back earned on hie wok, in sate of itoaton or tance, and soon} In spy ta punter whe boated in Zhang Yany's company that. ‘he could pain "blown cloud” (ninth cnt), theater toca The ancien have nay acid pe sl nthe itn of oud: ate Ingona pice ofl pero pordr blown they one mouth iced Blowing cde” Cle ees pons antl ripe et aloo nema lice weer solu, ever tei site af any uh Soitcanmo be abel pining ter simple copy ‘Tha ase remat revels Zhang Yaayuun to be a believer in an ecletie scalenii that ined yponsropulous inition ofthe madels and maces ofthe pus, chery certainly ompliaing theta of experts and “connoiseu”™ The scholar reli opposed wich «confor at tude Iwas nor tit hey defended originality alco ony the igh of maformason Freadom, the need frs pats who sued the ancients to make change, comerso If thre ate us thre mst be change “The minute ae knows the rule, one must endeavor to tana °) ‘Tobe sue individu poisons f fh abound among the painters snd calipers and Shiao himself nse hat “es by onl hat the Roe mus be established" However, the dese For orginal, and the wish owe aothingeo anyone bt oneself were armed withina pede rind, aleady sablched fi chat of ping. in the sense oF speci practice the pincipl ad his of which lyin che bac re, Kwa inci, Bass that was dncovered in breakaway from knowledge that Wasa lave to imiaon and led rare to sures in quest forthe supreme rl the war born fom an absence of ues and cat ncommpased 2 uli free!” ‘The primacy af the besh stroke was, er al nasined, igh frm, ‘he sat inthe definition of pacing imposed by che very wie of he cae cer 8. Acconling to the She wen jie a doar that wen beck tothe Bs century (€ 400) and tha provides he eepmology of chaac- ‘ex the character burs a complex one, compound of wo graphic ele- 206 Our Sheet White Cave ment that akan partly, conte the character yu deine fom sthand weting with ya, which ook oa de meaning of “brush” and tian Ban image of por of land cose by frome. The meaning of “0 ain ischusto ence with bras ines dha ge the une of frm just st pth mark the edges of es and Sx thei shape, That crass to bethe meaning understood by Macand Sr The Shao Wen say aie Jing is made up flee ember che paths cat lint the lds™* From th, ti bata ep eo delting tht Chinese psimting ony exis thanks ro graph and cht linet be mee ac, nine dom nate Chine pining From ato Gish of is sony. and ewes a step that Western acti tok wichoe bothering anc abou he pet rence ofthe exept were mpored by dhe cle, not heel rom which stemmed Irs tue tha theary~and mot ju sedemic, ‘eadioclicheory, bur even that of he “amatears” the solr, which

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