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Japanese Grammar
Japanese Grammar
~について どう 思いますか?
Sample Sentence:
~と言います
Rule: The statement is placed inside square brackets
Note: The tense of the quoted sentence isn’t affected by the tense of the main sentence.
TO
~に
PLEASE DON’T DO
~ないで ください
~なければなりません
NEED NOT…
~ なくてもいいです
LISTING ADJECTIVES
~くて・で
奈良はしずかで、きれいな町です。
Nara is a quiet, beautiful city.
NOTES:
いーadjective remove the い and add くて
なーadjective and nouns remove な and add で
~へ に 行きます・来ます・帰ります
WHEN, IF
~とき
子どものとき、よく 川で 泳ぎました。
I often swam in the river when I was a child.
NOTE: the action in the main clause happened before what is described in the ^とき clause
WHEN
~とき
NOTES: The first sentence means that the bag was bought before arriving in Paris i.e. on the way there.
The 2nd sentence means that the bag was bought after arriving in Paris i.e. it was bought in
Paris.
IF…THEN…
~Dictionary Form + と
さんぽします・わたります・あるきます
~N を motion V
道 を わたります。
I cross the road.
こうさてん を 右 へ まがります。
I turn right at the intersection.
NOTES: used with motion verbs above to indicate the place that people or things pass through
S-V-O-O
~くれます
NOTE: used when someone else gives something to the speaker or a member of his or her family
~て くれます・もらいます・あげます
Sample Sentences:
時間 が なかったら、テレビ を 見ません。
If I don’t have time, I won’t watch TV.
安かったら、パソコン を 買いたいです。
I’d like to buy PC if I can find a cheap one.
いい天気 だったら、散歩しませんか?
Shall we go for a walk if the weather’s nice?
NOTES:
1. There are no types in Japanese conditionals.
2. Used to express wish, desire, invitation, request
3. This pattern can also be used to mean ONCE, AS SOON AS, WHEN, AFTER
EVEN IF
~て も、main clause
Sample Sentences:
雨 が 降っても、せんたくします。
I’ll do the laundry even if it rains.
NOTES:
1. Verb て form + も
2. Verb なくて+ も
3. Remove い in いーadj + くて + も
4. Remove な in な- adj + で+ も
5. Noun + で + も