‘98 ‘hip 7» Ont compression too comprehensive or is dedicuted to just one of the above-mentioned compression techniques, which is then described from a very narrow point of view, In this chapter, ‘we compare the mest important technigues—IPEG, H.263, and MPEG—in order to show their advantages, disadvantages, their similarities and differences, as well as their suitability for today’s multimedia systems (for further analysis, see [ES98), First, the ‘motivation for the use of compression techniques will be illustrated. Subsequently, requirements for compression techniques will be derived, Section 7.3 covers sout entropy, and hybrid coding. Sections 7.5 through 7.7 provide dels about PEG, H.263, and MPEG. Section 7.8 explains the basics of fractal compeession. 7.2. Coding Requirements Images have considerably higher storage requirements than text, and audio and video have still more demanding properties for data storage. Moreover, wansmitting ‘continuous media also requires substantial communication data rates. The figures cited below clarity the qualitaive tanstion from simple text to full-motion video data and ‘demonstrate the need for compression. In order to be able to compare the different data sorage and bandwidth requirements of various visual media (text, graphics, images, and video), the following specifications are based on a small window of 640480 pixels on a display. The following holds always: 200 it 1024 bit 102410241 For the representation of the text medium, Wo bytes are used for every 8%S pixel character. 640.480 Character per sereen page = 40480 = 4.300 Storage required per screen page = 4.8002 byte = 9,600 byte = 9.4Kbyte 2.For the representation of vector images. we assume that a typical image consists (0f 500 lines [BHS91], Each line is defined by its coordinates inthe x direction and the y direction, and by an S:bit attribute field, Coordinates in the .« direction require 10 bits (logs(G40)), while coordinates in the y direction require 9 bits bits + 1Obits + 9bits + LObits + Sbits = 46bits