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مدخل إلى علم المثلثات
مدخل إلى علم المثلثات
Uploaded by
Amel AlidraCopyright:
Available Formats
א
א
- ٥٤ -
אאWאא
אאWאא
Wאא
Wאאא
אא •
אאאא •
אאאאאא •
אאאא •
K٪٨٠אאWאאא
Wאא
אא ١١٦ א
א
א
אאK١
K
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאK ( o ) אא??א
θ אK אאאאאא
1
א1o 360 o אא
360
K
K1 אאא
א א א א
180o
30 o 90o 135o
0o < θ < 90o θ = 90o 90o < θ < 180o θ = 180o
1 א
E 60′ F 60 E1o Fאאא، 60 א 60 א
WE 60′′ Fא 60 א
E 60′ F 60 = E1o Fא
E 60′′ F 60 = E1′ Fא
θ = 61o 35′47′′ Wא 47 35 ، 61 א
אθ = 43o 74′89′′ W١
Wא
89′′ = 60′′ + 29′′ = 1′ 29′′ 74′ = 60′ + 14′ = 1o14′ Wאא
θ = 43o 74′89′′ = (43o + 1o )(14′ + 1′)(29′′) = 44o15′29′′ Wא
אא ١١٦ א
א
1) 360o − 75o18′48′′ 2) 75o 23′41′′ + 34o 47′25′′ W٢
Wא
1) 360 o − 75o18′48′′ = (359 o59′60′′) − (75o18′48′′) = (359o − 75o )(59′ − 18′)(60′′ − 48′′)
= 284o 41′ 12′′
2) 75 23′41′′ + 34 47′25′′ = (75 + 34 )(23′ + 47′)(41′′ + 25′′) = 109 70′66′′
o o o o o
= (109 o + 1o )(10′ + 1′)(6′′) = 110 o11′ 6′′
א 47 o30′ אא،אאאאאא
אאK 23.75o 23o 45′ אא 47.5o
Kאאאא
אא θ = 23.456o (2 אאθ = 43o 25′51′′ (1 W٣
Wא
o o
Wא1′ = ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎛ 1 ⎞
1
و 1′′ = ⎜ ⎟ Wא
⎝ 60 ⎠ ⎝ 3600 ⎠
o
⎛ 25 51 ⎞
1) θ = 43 25′51′′ = 43 + ⎜ +
o o
⎟ = 43.431
o
⎝ 60 3600 ⎠
2) θ = 23.456o = 23o + 0.456o = 23o + 0.456 × 60′ = 23o + 27.36′
= 23o + 27′ + 0.36 × 60′′ = 23o + 27′ + 21.6′′ ≈ 23o 27′22′′
(radians)אאאאאא
360o אK rd א
W 2π rd 360 o 2π rd אאא
W 2π rd = 360o ⇒ π rd = 180o
o
π
1rd = ⎛⎜
180 ⎞
⎟ أو 1o = rd
⎝ π ⎠ 180
1rd = 57.29577951o و 1o = 0.017453293 rd א א
אא ١١٦ א
א
π
1)150o , 548o 23′15′′ (rd ) א، 2) rd , − 5 rd ( o ) WW٤
4
Wא
π π ⎛ 180 ⎞ o ⎛ 180 ⎞ o
1) rd = ⎜ = 45o , − 5 rd = −5⎜ = −5 × 57.296o = −286 o 28′48′′
4 4⎝ π ⎠ ⎝ π ⎠
⎛ π ⎞ 5π ⎛ π ⎞
2)150 o = 150⎜ rd = , 548o 23′15′′ = 548.3875o = 548.3875⎜ ≈ 9.٥٧١٢ rd
⎝ 180 ⎠ 6 ⎝ 180 ⎠
אאאאא
(o ) (rd ) (o ) (rd )
2π
0 0 120
3
π
30 180 π
6
π 4π
45 240
4 3
π 3π
60 270
3 2
π
90 360 2π
2
אא ١١٦ א
א
אאאW١
1) 225o 2)15o 4′9′′ 3) 0 o 4) π rd
WאW٢
1)15o 25′35′′ + 43o 35′27′′ 1)109o 47′38′′ + 43o 35′27′′
3) 57 43′28′′ − 27 31′ 49′′
o o
4)123 13′20′′ − 27 31′ 49′′
o o
אא،אאאאא W٣
1) 40.25o 2) 75.2 o 3)17.45o 4) 96.6 o
אאאאאW٤
π 3π π 3π 5π 4π
1) 2) 3) − 4) 5) 6) −
3 2 6 4 6 5
7) 3π 8h) − 4π 9) 2 10) 5.3 11) − 6.4 12) − 8
אאאאאאW٥
1) 45o 2) 225o 3) 75o 4) − 135o 5) 7 o 30′ 6) − 270o
אא ١١٦ א
א
אK٢
K C אאאK 2 א ABC אאאא
א،Eθ Fא AC אאא، θ א אA אאא
Wאאθ אאKEθ Fא BC
sine , cosine , tan gent , cot angent , cosecant and secant
B
א KKKK sin θ , cosθ , tan θ Wθ א
א
Wאאא
A θ C
א
2 א
اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ BC اﻟﻮﺗﺮ AB
sin θ = = csc θ = =
اﻟﻮﺗﺮ AB اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ BC
اﻟﻤﺠﺎور AC اﻟﻮﺗﺮ AB
cosθ = = secθ = =
اﻟﻮﺗﺮ AB اﻟﻤﺠﺎور AC
اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ BC اﻟﻤﺠﺎور AC
tan θ = = cot θ = =
اﻟﻤﺠﺎور AC اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ BC
B
θ אאאW٥
Wא
5
אאא
A θ
12 C W ABC אאא
AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 ⇒ AB 2 = 5 2 + 12 2 = 169 ⇒ AB = 169 = 13
θ אא
5 12 5 13 13 12
sin θ = cos θ = tan θ = csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
13 13 12 5 12 5
אא ١١٦ א
א
7
K sin θ = tan θ cosθ W٦
25
Wא
7
KEאF AB = 25 BC = 7 אא sin θ =
25
AC 2 = AB 2 − BC 2 = 25 2 − 7 2 = 576 ⇒ AC = 576 = 24 W
B W
25 24 7
7
cosθ = tan θ =
25 24
A θ
C
אאאK١{٢
אאאא
אא 45o אאא K
Kא
אK 45o A אא 3 א ABC אאאא
K BC AC א ABC א 45o B אאא
AC = AB = 1 א
B W AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 = 12 + 12 = 2 ⇒ AB = 2
3 א
BC 1 2 AC 1 2 1
2 sin θ = = = cosθ = = = tan θ = = 1
1 AB 2 2 AB 2 2 1
A θ
1 C
א
θ ( o , rd ) sin θ cosθ tan θ
o π 1 3 3
30 ,
6 2 2 3
π 2 2
45o , 1
4 2 2
π 3 1
60o , 3
3 2 2
אא ١١٦ א
א
אאאK٢{٢
KאאאKאא
אאKאאאאא
Kאאאאא
K 40o A אאא BC = 5 ABC אאאאW٧
Wא
Wאאאאאא
C אאאא AC AB א B אאאא
Wא 180o אאK 90o
B B = 180o − ( A + C ) = 180 o − (40o + 90o ) = 50o
? WאאE A , B , C אאאF
AB = ? BC = 5 BC 5 5 5
sin 40o = = ⇒ AB = = ⇒ AB ≈ 7.8
40o AB AB sin 40 o 0.6427
A C
AC = ? אא AC א
WKאא
AC 2 = AB 2 − BC 2 = (7.8) 2 − 5 2 = 60.84 − 25 = 35.84 ⇒ AC = 35.84 ≈ 6
Kאאא
K AC = 12 BC = 10 אאאאW٨
Wא
אא AB אKאא
B AB 2 = 12 2 + 10 2 = 244 ⇒ AB ≈ 15.6 W
? W A אא tan אא
AB = ? BC = 10
10
tan A = ≈ 0.8333 ⇒ A ≈ 39o 48′
A ? C
12
AC = 12 W180 אאא B אא
o
B = 180o − ( A + C ) = 180o − (39o 48′ + 90o ) = 180o − 129o 48′ = 50o12′
אא ١١٦ א
א
Wאא sin θ , cosθ , tan θ אW١
a) b) c) d) e) f)
5 θ
4 8 30 34 6
13 26 θ
θ 5 θ
θ θ
3 6 24 3
cos 30o sin 30o ، cos 45o ، sin 45o אאאW٢
B
B
a
2a
o a
45 30o
A C
A a C
12
sin θ = tan θ cosθ (1 W٣
13
1
cosθ = tan θ sin θ (2
2
2
tan θ = cosθ sin θ (3
3
WאאאאאאW٤
a) b) c) d) e) f)
40o 10 15
6 12 o
51
60o 43o
4 8 6
6
אא ١١٦ א
א
אK٣
אאאאאא
אאFאθ אאאאKאא
K θ אאEאF P( x , y ) אE1 אFEא
r א ( x , y ) אאאθ r = x 2 + y 2 W
y x y
sin θ = cosθ = tan θ = W
r r x
Kθ Kθ אאE 2 אF P(3 , 4) אW٩
Wא
y 4 x 3 y 4
sin θ = = cosθ = = tan θ = = W r = 32 + 4 2 = 5 Wא
r 5 r 5 x 3
Kθ = 0o אאW١٠
r = OP = 1 אאE 3 אF P(1, 0) אאWא
y 0 x 1 y 0
sin θ = = =0 cosθ = = =1 tan θ = = = 0 W
r 1 r 1 x 1
y y y
P( x , y ) P (3 , 4)
• •
r r =5
y 4
θ θ P(0 ,1)
o •
o x x 3 x o r =1 x
1 א 2 א 3 א
y
א P אאאאא
E1 אאאאFא
P( x , y ) •
r =1 θ P א،אאא
o x WE 4 אF r = OP = 1
y
sin θ = y cosθ = x tan θ =
x
4 א
אא ١١٦ א
א
W1 − 1 y x
− 1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1 و − 1 ≤ cosθ ≤ 1
y
sin θ > 0 sin θ > 0
cosθ < 0 cosθ > 0
tan θ < 0 tan θ > 0
sin θ < 0 sin θ < 0
cosθ < 0 cosθ > 0
x
tan θ > 0 tan θ < 0
W sin e , cosine , tangent אאא
sin θ , cosθ , tan θ אאθ אאא •
cosθ , tan θ sin θ אאθ אאא •
tan θ sin θ , cosθ אאθ אאא •
cosθ sin θ , tan θ אאאθ אאא •
אא ١١٦ א
א
W P אא θ אאW١
1) P(2 , 3) 2) P(3 , − 4) 3) P (1, 3 ) 4) P(1, 2 2 ) 5) P(2 , 0)
Wθ אא tan θ cosθ ، sin θ W٢
3π
1)180o 2) 3) 360o 4) − π
2
Wא tan θ cosθ sin θ W٣
5 12 3 34 5 4 4
1) sin θ = , cosθ = 2) cosθ = , tan θ = 3) sin θ = − , tan θ =
13 13 34 3 5 3
WאאW٤
5π
1) cos 50o 2) sin 3) tan 125o 4) sin 247 o 5) cos(−119o )
6
WאאאW٥
5π 7π π
1)120o 2)135o 3) 210 o 4) 5) 6) − 30o 7) − 8) − 150 o
3 4 4
W [sin 2 θ = (sin θ ) 2 ] אW٦
π π π π
1) sin 2 0 o + cos 2 0 o 2) sin 2 + cos 2 3) 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2
π π π π π π π π 2 π
4) cos cos − sin sin 5) cos cos + sin sin 6)1 + tan
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2
אא ١١٦ א
א
אאK٤
P( x, y ) אאאא
y WE 5 אF
W sin θ = y cosθ = x
• P( x , y )
1 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = x 2 + y 2
θ
o x WאEאאF x 2 + y 2 = r 2 = 1
(θ אא) sin 2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
5 א 2 2
π ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛⎜ 3 ⎞⎟
π 1 3
sin + cos = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = + = 1 W
2 2
6 6 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4 4
W cos 2 θ א،א א
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ 1 sin 2 θ ⎛ 1 ⎞
+ = ⇒ + 1 = sec 2 θ ⎜ = secθ ⎟
cos θ cos θ cos θ cos θ ⎝ cosθ
2 2 2 2
⎠
⎛ sin θ ⎞
⇒ tan 2 θ + 1 = sec 2 θ ⎜ = tan θ ⎟
⎝ cosθ ⎠
cot 2 θ + 1 = csc 2 θ Wאא
2
K cosθ אאאKאאθ אא sin θ = W١١
3
Wא
2
Wא cos θ = 1 − sin θ = 1 − ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ = 1 − = Wאא
2 2 2 4 5
⎝3⎠ 9 9
5 5
cosθ = ± = ±
5 9 3
cosθ = − אאא cosθ א
3
אאאאאאא
(1 + sin θ )(1 − sin θ ) WאאאW١٢
Wא
(1 + sin θ )(1 − sin θ ) = 12 − sin 2 θ = 1 − sin 2 θ Wאא
אא ١١٦ א
א
(1 + sin θ )(1 − sin θ ) = 1 − sin 2 θ = cos 2 θ Wאאא
אאK٤{١
Kאאאא
cos(α + β ) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β E١
cos(α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β E٢
sin(α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β E٣
sin(α − β ) = sin α cos β − cos α sin β E٤
tan α + tan β
tan(α + β ) =
1 − tan α tan β
E٥
tan α − tan β
tan(α − β ) =
1 + tan α tan β
E٦
π 5π π 5π π 7π
a ) cos b) cos c) sin d ) sin e) tan f ) tan WW١٣
12 12 12 12 12 12
Wא
אאאא
π π π π
WE٢אא = − W (a
6 12 4 12
π π π π π π π 6+ 2
cos = cos⎛⎜ − ⎞⎟ = cos cos + sin sin =
2 3 2 1
⋅ + ⋅ = ≈ 0.97
12 ⎝4 6⎠ 4 6 4 6 2 2 2 2 4
WE١אאא (b
5π ⎛π π ⎞ π π π π 2 3 2 1 6− 2
cos = cos⎜ + ⎟ = cos cos − sin sin = ⋅ − ⋅ = ≈ 0.26
12 ⎝4 6⎠ 4 6 4 6 2 2 2 2 4
WE٤אא (c
π ⎛π π ⎞ π π π π 2 3 2 1 6− 2
sin = sin ⎜ − ⎟ = sin cos − cos sin = ⋅ − ⋅ = ≈ 0.26
12 ⎝4 6⎠ 4 6 4 6 2 2 2 2 4
WE٣אא (d
5π ⎛π π ⎞ π π π π 2 3 2 1 6+ 2
sin = sin ⎜ + ⎟ = sin cos + cos sin = ⋅ + ⋅ = ≈ 0.97
12 ⎝4 6⎠ 4 6 4 6 2 2 2 2 4
WE٦אא (e
אא ١١٦ א
א
π3 π
tan − tan 1−
π ⎛π π ⎞ 4 6 = 3 = 2 − 3 ≈ 0.27
tan = tan⎜ − =
12 ⎝ 4 6 ⎠ 1 + tan π tan π 3
1 + 1⋅
4 6 ٣
WE٥אא ( f
π π
tan + tan
7π ⎛π π ⎞ 3 4 = 3 + 1 = −2 − 3 ≈ −3.73
tan = tan ⎜ + ⎟ =
12 ⎝ 3 4 ⎠ 1 − tan π tan π 1 − 3 ⋅ 1
3 4
a
tan θ cosθ K sin θ = אθ W١
b
b
cosθ sin θ K tan = − , a > 0 b > 0 אא θ אאW٢
a
WאW٣
1 − sin 2 θ 1 1 1 1 1 − cos 2 t
a) b) + c) − d)
1 + sin θ 1 + sin x 1 − sin x cos x − 1 cos x + 1 tan 2 t
sin x 1 + cos x sin x cos x 1 1
e) + f) + g ) cos t − h) tan α +
1 + cos x sin x sin x + 1 sin x − 1 cos t tan α
π π π π π
sin , cos אא = − אW٤
12 12 12 3 4
WאאאW٥
3π 2π 4π 7π 7π
a) cos b) sin c) cos f ) sin 240o g ) cos 210 o
d ) sin e) tan
4 3 3 6 12
3 5
Kאא β אא α cos β = sin α = − W٦
5 13
W
a) sin(α + β ) b) tan(α + β )
WW٧
⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
a ) sin ⎜ − θ ⎟ = cosθ b) cos⎜ − θ ⎟ = sin θ c) sin ⎜ + θ ⎟ = cosθ d ) cos⎜ + θ ⎟ = − sin θ
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
d ) cos(π + θ ) = − cosθ e) sin(π + θ ) = − sin θ f ) cos(π − θ ) = − cosθ c) sin(π − θ ) = sin θ
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