Huawei Gprs Umts Ps Fundamental PDF

GPRS&UMTS
PS Fundamental
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Foreword
l GPRS&UMTS PS fundamental is the basic part of the
whole system and the later products learning. This slide will
help us to understand the GPRS system networking and
some important procedure.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2

References
l 3GPP protocol 23060

Objectives
l Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
p Describe the GPRS networking structure
p Describe the GPRS mobility management procedure
p Describe the GPRS session management procedure

Contents
1. GPRS&UMTS Network Structure
2. Mobility Management
3. Radio Resource Management
4. Session Management

GPRS&UMTS Network Structure
l What is GPRS?
p General Packet Radio Service
l What is the function of GPRS?

p In order to provide the data service out the scope of the fixed network
l GPRS network classification

p GSM GPRS
p UMTS GPRS
l GPRS network background

p GSM GPRS network reuse the existed GSM network
p UMTS GPRS network just change the RAN side

MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR SMS-GMSC
SMS-GMSC SCP
SCP GMLC
GMLC HLR
HLR EIR
EIR
SMS-IWMSC
SMS-IWMSC
SS7
Gs Gd Ge Lg Gr Gf Gc
Gn
BSS FR/IP SGSN GGSN PDN TE
TE
BSS SGSN GGSN
ATM Gi
Um Gb
DDN
GPRS
Gn Backbone
ISDN Ga
Ethernet.etc
ATM/IP SGSN CG
UTRAN
UTRAN SGSN Ga CG
Um Iu
BG
BG
Gp

l Some Abbreviation
p GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
p BSS: Base Station Subsystem
p UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
p SGSN: Service GPRS Support Node
p GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
p CG: Charging Gateway
p BG: Border Gateway
p PDN: Packet Data Network

l Abbreviations:
p MSC/VLR: Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register
p SMS-GMSC: Gateway MSC For Short Message Service
p SMS-IWMSC: Short Message Service Interworking MSC
p SCP: Service Control Point
p GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center
p HLR: Home Location Register
p EIR: Equipment Identity Register

Functions of SGSN
l Important Entity Function: SGSN
p Mobility management
n The MM functions are used to keep track of the current location of
an MS within the PLMN or within another PLMN.
p Session management
n SM function manages the PDP context of MS.
p Routing and transfer
n SGSN performs routing and forwarding of service data between
MS and GGSN.
p Charging
n SGSN can generate, store, convert and send CDRs.
p Lawful Interception
p NTP

Functions of GGSN
l Important Entity Function : GGSN
p Session management
n SM function manages the PDP context of MS.
p Routing and transfer

n GGSN performs routing and forwarding of service data between MS and
internet.
p Charging
n GGSN can generate, store, convert and send CDRs.
p Dynamic IP allocation
p Service management
n Manage APN

Functions of CG
l Important Entity Function: CG
p Real-time collection of GPRS CDRs
p Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS CDRs
p Pre-processing of GPRS CDRs
p Sending GPRS CDRs to the billing center

Functions of DNS
SGSN GGSN(A)
l Important Entity
ISP
ISP A
A
Function: DNS
GPRS
GPRS backbone
backbone
ISP
ISP B
B
BSS
DNS Internet/
GGSN(B) Intranet
MS
p Resolve the APN to a GGSN IP in the PDP active procedure
p Resolve the RAI to a SGSN IP in the inter-SGSN RAU procedure
p Resolve the RNCID to a SGSN IP in the relocation procedure
(UMTS)

Functions of HLR
l Important Entity Function: HLR
p Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data
p User authentication
p Providing location information and processing needed in

mobility management and routing, for example
n Saving and updating user service SGSN number and address
n GPRS user location deletion indication
n Whether MS is reachable

Functions of BG
l BG：the border gateway between two PLMN, It provides, apart
from the security function, the routing function between SGSNs
and GGSNs in different GPRS/UMTS networks.
l BG supports the following necessary protocols for inter-networking
of the different operators;
p Security protocol：recommend to use IPSEC and firewall;
p Routing protocol： recommend to use BGP
l Base on common router;
Gp
GSN R
R R
R GSN
PLMN A BG BG PLMN B

Functions of AAA server
l AAA Server is used to perform authentication, authorization
and accounting functions.
l In Non-transparent access mode, the GGSN will

communicate with remote AAA Server to check the validity
of MS/UE by using RAIDUS (Remote Authentication Dial In
User Service) protocol.

SMS-GMSC and SMS-IWMSC
l SMS-GMSC and SMS-IWMSC: are the part of SMSC, and
used to handle the MAP protocol.
l The Short message can be sent via CS domain or PS

domain.
l The operator can decide to use CS or PS to send the short

message to MS.
SMS Gd
SGSN SMS-IWMSC
MS SMS-GMSC

User Terminal: MS (2G)
l A GSM/GPRS Mobile Station can operate in
one of three modes of operation:
p Class A:
n operates GPRS and other GSM services
simultaneously
p Class B:
n monitors control channels for GSM GPRS
and other GSM services simultaneously, but
can only operate one set of services at one
time
p Class C:
n exclusively operates GPRS services

User Terminal: UE (3G)
l A UMTS user equipment can operate in one of
three modes of operation:
p PS/CS mode:
n operates PS and CS services
simultaneously
p PS mode:
n exclusively operates PS services
p CS mode:
n exclusively operates CS services
In order to read more easily, 2G MS and 3G UE are
all named as MS in this document.

Summary
l GPRS network provides data service to the mobile
subscribers.
l GPRS network is composed of SGSN, GGSN and CG. BG

and DNS provide special function during the data service.

Objectives
l GPRS&UMTS Network Structure
l Mobility Management
l Radio Resource Management
l Session Management

Contents
2.1 Basic concepts
2.2 Attach and Detach
2.3 Security Function
2.4 Location Management
2.5 Service Request (UMTS only)

GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)
l Function of the Mobility Management
p keep track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN or
within another PLMN
p Subscription data management
p MS states management

GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)
l GMM main procedures
p Attach procedure
p RAU and periodic procedure
p Detach procedure
l GMM other procedures

p P-TMSI reallocation procedure
p Authentication procedure
p Identification procedure
p Subscriber management procedure

GMM States
IDLE IDLE
GPRS D etach
GPRS Attach GPRS Detach GPRS Attach or
Cancel Location
READY Implicit Detach READY

or
Cancel Location
READY timer expiry

READY timer expiry or
or PDU transmi ssion PDU reception
Force to STANDBY
Force to STANDBY or
Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY STANDBY
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN

PMM (Packet Mobility Management)
l The function of PMM is similar to GMM.
l PMM other procedures l PMM main procedures
p P-TMSI reallocation pAttach
p Authentication pRAU and periodic RAU
p Identification pDetach
p Subscriber management pService request
pSRNS relocation

PMM States
PM M- PM M-
D ETAC H ED D ETAC H ED
Detach, D etach,
P S D etach PS Attach R eject, P S D etach PS Attach Reject,
PS Attach RAU Rej ect PS Attach RA U R eject
P S S ignalling PS S ignalling
Connection Releas e PMM- Connection Rele as e PMM-
P MM-IDL E CONNE CTE D P MM-IDLE
CONNE CTE D
SM-A CTIVE or S M-ACTIV E or SM-A CT IVE or S M-ACTIV E or
INA CTIVE P S S ignalling INACT IV E INA CTIVE PS S ignalling INAC TIV E
Connection Establish Connection Establish
Serving RNC
reloc ation
MS MM States 3G-SGSN MM States

Mobility Management Timer Functions
l READY Timer Function (GSM only)
p The READY timer controls the time an MS remains in READY
state in the MS and the SGSN. When the READY timer expires,
the MS and SGSN MM contexts shall return to STANDBY state.
l Periodic RA Update Timer Function

p Upon expiry of the periodic RA update timer, the MS shall start a
periodic routeing area update procedure.
l Mobile Reachable Timer Function

p If the mobile reachable timer expires, the SGSN shall clear PPF.
p After expiry of the mobile reachable timer the SGSN may perform
an implicit detach.

Contents
2.1 Basic concepts

Attach Procedure
l Function
p An MS/UE shall perform a GPRS Attach to the SGSN in order
to obtain access to the GPRS services.
p If the MS/UE is connected via a GSM radio, it shall perform a

GSM GPRS Attach procedure.
p If the MS/UE is connected via a UMTS radio access network, it

shall perform a UMTS GPRS Attach procedure

Attach Procedure
(IMSI or PTMSI+RAI) (PTMSI)
(IMSI)
(Identity Type = IMSI)
(IMSI)

Attach Procedure

Attach Procedure
l Results after any attach procedure:
p SGSN get subscriber data from HLR
p HLR recorded the MS’s serving SGSN number
p SGSN and MS create MM context for the MS
l MS can request Session Management services

MM Context
Field Description A/Gb Iu mode
mode
IMSI IMSI is the main reference key. X X
MM State Mobility management state, IDLE, STANDBY, READY, PMM-DETACHED, PMM-IDLE, X X
or PMM-CONNECTED.
P-TMSI Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity. X X
P-TMSI Signature A signature used for identification checking purposes. X X
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity X X
MSISDN The basic MSISDN of the MS. X X
Routeing Area Current routeing area. X X
Cell Identity Current cell in READY state, last known cell in STANDBY or IDLE state. X
Cell Identity Age Time elapsed since the last LLC PDU was received from the MS at the SGSN. X
Service Area Code Last known SAC when initial UE message was received or Location Reporting X
procedure was executed.
Service Area Code Age Time elapsed since the last SAC was received at the 3G-SGSN. X
VLR Number The VLR number of the MSC/VLR currently serving this MS. X X
New SGSN Address The IP address of the new SGSN where buffered and not sent N-PDUs should be X X
forwarded to.
Authentication Vectors Authentication and ciphering parameters (authentication triplets or quintets). X X
Kc Currently used A/Gb mode ciphering key. X 2)
CKSN Ciphering key sequence number of Kc. X 2)
Ciphering algorithm Selected ciphering algorithm (GEA). X X
CK Currently used Iu mode ciphering key. 1) X

MM Context
IK Currently used Iu mode integrity key. 1) X
KSI Key Set Identifier. 1) X
MS Radio Access Capability MS radio access capabilities. X
MS Network Capability MS network capabilities. X X
DRX Parameters Discontinuous reception parameters. X X
Radio Priority SMS The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink SMS transmission. X
MNRG Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the HLR. X X
NGAF Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the MSC/VLR. X X
PPF Indicates whether paging for PS and CS services can be initiated. X X
Subscribed Charging The charging characteristics for the MS, e.g. normal, prepaid, flat-rate, and/or X X
Characteristics hot billing subscription.
SMS Parameters SMS-related parameters, e.g. operator-determined barring. X X
Recovery Indicates if HLR or VLR is performing database recovery. X X
GPRS-CSI Optional GPRS CAMEL subscription information, see 3GPP TS 23.016 X X
ODB for PS parameters Indicates that the status of the operator determined barring for packet oriented X X
services.
l The information marked with a "1)" may be maintained if authentication is performed by the UMTS
authentication procedure.
l The information marked with a "2)" may be maintained if authentication is performed by the GSM
authentication procedure.

Detach Procedure
l Function
p The GPRS Detach procedure allows an MS to inform the network that
it does not want to access the SGSN-based services any longer
p The GPRS Detach procedure allows the network to inform an MS that
it does not have access to the SGSN-based services any more
l The following three entity can initiate the detach procedure

p MS
p SGSN
p HLR

Detach Procedure
l Results after any Detach procedure:
p The SGSN shall not service the detached MS, unless reattach
p The MS is in idle or PMM-DETACHED state
l The MS is detached either explicitly or implicitly:

p Explicit detach: The network or the MS explicitly requests detach
p Implicit detach: The network detaches the MS, without notifying the
MS, a configuration-dependent time after the mobile reachable timer
expired, or after an irrecoverable radio error causes disconnection of
the logical link.

Detach Types
l The different types of detach are:
p IMSI detach;
p GPRS detach;
p combined GPRS / IMSI detach (MS-initiated only).
l The MS can make an IMSI detach in one of two ways depending on

whether it is GPRS-attached or not:
p A GPRS-attached MS sends a Detach Request message to the SGSN,
indicating an IMSI detach. This can be made in combination with GPRS detach.
p An MS that is not GPRS-attached makes the IMSI detach as already defined in
A/Gb mode or UMTS.

Detach Procedure (MS Initiated)
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN MSC/VLR
1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request
2. Delete PDP Context Response
C1
3. IMSI Detach Indication
4. GPRS Detach Indication
5. Detach Accept C2
6. PS Signalling Connection Release

Detach Type IE of Detach Request
Type of detach (octet 1)
In the MS to network direction:

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bits
3 2 1
Detach Power Type of
0 0 1 GPRS detach
type off detach
IEI 0 1 0 IMSI detach
0 1 1 Combined GPRS/IMSI detach
All other values are interpreted as
Power off (octet 1) Combined GPRS/IMSI detach by this
In the MS to network direction: version of the protocol.
Bit
In the network to MS direction:
4 Bits
0 normal detach 3 2 1
0 0 1 re-attach required
1 power switched off 0 1 0 re-attach not required
In the network to MS direction the 0 1 1 IMSI detach (after VLR failure)
Power off bit shall be spare and set to All other values are interpreted as re-
zero. attach not required by this version of the
protocol.

Detach Procedure (SGSN Initiated)
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN MSC/VLR
1. Detach Request
C1
4. Detach Accept
C2

Detach Procedure (HLR Initiated)
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN HLR MSC/VLR
1. Cancel Location
2. Detach Request
C1
5. Detach Accept
C2
6. Cancel Location Ack

Purge Function
l Function
p The Purge function allows an SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted the
MM and PDP contexts of a detached MS
l After the MS detach from the network:

p The SGSN may delete the MM/PDP context immediately
p the SGSN may keep the MM/PDP context for some time of the detached MS
l Purge Timer Function

p Allows the SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted the MM and PDP
contexts of a detached MS.
p The purge timer is set longer than the mobile reachable timer

Purge Function
SGSN HLR
1. Purge MS
2. Purge MS Ack

Contents
2.1 Basic concepts

Authentication Function
l Function
p Permit the network to check whether the identity provided by
the mobile station is acceptable or not;
p Provide parameters enabling the mobile station to calculate a

new ciphering key ; （UMTS and GSM）
p Provide parameters enabling the mobile station to calculate a

new UMTS integrity key;（UMTS only）
p Permit the mobile station to authenticate the network. （UMTS

only）

l Authentication types:
p GSM Authentication
n Using triplet: RAND, SRES, Kc
n Using GPRS Encryption Algorithm (GEA)
p UMTS Authentication
n Using quintet: RAND, XRES, AUTN, CK, IK
– AUTN: for UE authenticate network
– IK: for data integrity function
n Using UMTS Encryption Algorithm (UEA)
l These procedures are used independent of the GSM or UTRAN RANs,

i.e. each procedure may be executed in A/Gb mode or in Iu mode.

MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN HLR/Auc
1a. Send Authentication Info
1b . Send Authentication Info ack

2a. Authentication and Ciphering Request
2b. Authentication and Ciphering Response

Authentication Function(3G)
MS VLR/SG SN HE/HLR
Authentication data request
Generate authentication
Distribution of vectors AV(1..n)
authentication
vectors from HE
to SN Authentication data response
AV(1..n)
Store authentication vectors
Select authentication vector AV(i)
User authentication request

RAND(i) || AUTN(i)
Verify AU TN(i)
Compute RES(i)
Authentication and
key establishment
User authentication response
RES(i)
Compare RES(i) and X RES(i)
Compute CK(i) and IK(i) Select CK (i) and IK(i)

Scope and Start of Ciphering
l In A/Gb mode, the scope of ciphering is from the ciphering function in the
SGSN to the ciphering function in the MS.
l In Iu mode, the scope of ciphering is from the ciphering function in the
UTRAN to the ciphering function in the MS.
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN
Scope of GSM GPRS ciphering
Scope of UMTS ciphering
l In A/Gb mode, the MS starts ciphering after sending the Authentication

and Ciphering Response message.
l In Iu mode, the start of ciphering is controlled by the security mode
procedure after authentication procedure.

Identity Check
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN EIR
1. Identity Request
1. Identity Response
2. Check IMEI
2. Check IMEI Ack
l Function
p Get IMSI from MS
p Check the IMEI

P-TMSI Reallocation
l Function
p The SGSN may reallocate the P-TMSI at any time
p The reallocation procedure can be performed by the P-TMSI
Reallocation procedure
p The P-TMSI can be included in the Attach or Routeing Area Update
procedures.
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN
1. P-TMSI Reallocation Command
2. P-TMSI Reallocation Complete

Contents
2.1 Basic concepts

Location Management
l Function
p A mechanisms for cell and PLMN selection;
p A mechanism for the network to know the Routeing Area for MSs in
STANDBY, PMM-IDLE, READY, and PMM-CONNECTED states;
p A mechanism for the 2G-SGSN to know the cell identity for MSs in
READY state;

Layered Location Management Mode (2G)
•HLR
•SGSN
•SGSN number
•BSS
•ready state: cell number
•MS •Standby state: RAI

Layered Location Management Mode (3G)
•HLR
•SGSN
•SGSN number
•RNC
•PMM-connect state: RNCID,RAI,SAI
•MS •PMM-idle: RAI

Network Architecture
l Routeing area update procedure PDN
p SGSN can manage the MS Gi

GGSN
location information via RAU
Gn/Gp
procedure in RAI level old SGSN
Gn/Gp new SGSN
Gn
l Relocation procedure (UMTS
Gr Gr
only) Iu
Iu
IU
IU
p Move the Iu interface to the Iur RNC1 HLR/AUC

RNC2 RNC4 RNC3
other RNC
l Handover procedure RA4 RA5 RA9 RA10
RA1 RA2 RA3

p Move the radio link to the other RA6 RA7 RA9
BTS/NodeB
MS

Routeing Area Update Procedure
l RAU procedure will happen in the following two case:
p MS entered a new Route Area
p Periodic RAU ( after periodic timer expires)
l In the viewpoint of SGSN:

p intra-SGSN RAU
p Inter-SGSN RAU

Routeing Area Update Procedure
Gn
SGSN SGSN
RAI 1 RAI 2 RAI 3 RAI 4
cell
Inter SGSN -RAU
Intra SGSN-RAU
MS

Inter-SGSN RAU Procedure (2G)




Contents
2.1 Basic concepts

Service Request Procedure
l The Service Request procedure is used by a 3G-MS in PMM-IDLE
state to request the establishment of a secure connection to a
3G-SGSN.
l The MS in PMM-IDLE state initiates this procedure in order to

send uplink signalling messages (e.g. Activate PDP Context
Request), user data, or as paging response, or after the MS has
regained radio coverage.
l This procedure is also used by an MS in PMM-CONNECTED

state to request resource reservation for active PDP contexts.

MS Initiated
MS RNC SGSN HLR GGSN
1. RRC Connection Request
1. RRC Connection Setup
2. Service Request
3. Security Functions
4. Service Accept
4. Radio Access Bearer Assignment

Request
5. Radio Bearer Setup

Complete
Response
7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification
8. Uplink PDU

Network Initiated
MS RNC SGSN HLR GGSN
1. Downlink PDU
2. Paging
2. Paging
3. RRC Connection Request
3. RRC Connection Setup
4. Service Request

6. Radio Bearer Setup Request

Complete 6. Radio Access Bearer Assignment
Response
7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure
8. Downlink PDU

Service Type IE of Service Request Msg.
l MS initiated
p Service type= signalling.
p Service type= data.
l Network initiated
p Service type= paging response

Summary
l Attach, location management, security function and detach
procedures are the main procedures in PS core network.
l SRNS relocation procedure and Service request procedure

are newly added in UMTS PS core network.

Contents

Paging Summary
l The MM state in SGSN and MS before paging:
p PMM-IDLE
p STANDBY mode
l Change MM state in MS to PMM-Connected or Ready after

successful paging.
l Identification of MS in Paging message:

p P-TMSI is used to identify the MS
p If P-TMSI is invalid or MS not respond ,then use IMSI

Paging for GPRS (2G)
l Function
p An MS in STANDBY state is paged by the SGSN before a
downlink transfer to that MS
p Paging move the MS state from STANDBY to READY.
p Any uplink data from MS is a valid response to paging

Paging for GPRS (2G)
MS BSS SGSN
1. PDP PDU
STANDBY 2. Paging Request
3. GPRS Paging Request

(IMSI, P-TMSI,
Area, Channel
4. Any LLC Frame
Needed, QoS,
(Receive Ready or 5. Any LLC Frame DRX
Information frame) Parameters)
READY

Paging Initiated by CN (3G)
l PS Paging Initiated by 3G-SGSN without RRC Connection
for CS
p A CN node requests paging only for MSs in PMM-IDLE state
p The RNS controls whether the MS has an established RRC

connection or not
p MS has no RRC connection
p Paging Type 1 is transferred on the Paging channel

l PS Paging Initiated by 3G-SGSN without RRC Connection for CS
MS RNS MSC/VLR
3G-SGSN
1. PDP PDU or
PMM IDLE Downlink signaling
2. Paging
3. Paging Type1 (PCH paging)
(IMSI,
4. Service Request P-TMSI, Area,
4. Service Request CN Domain
Indicator, DRX
PMM parameters)
CONNECTED

l PS Paging Initiated by 3G-SGSN with RRC Connection for CS
p A CN node requests paging only for MSs in PMM-IDLE state
p The RNS controls whether the MS has an established RRC

connection or not
p In this case, MS has an established RRC connection for CS

service
p Paging Type 2 is base on the establish RRC connection

l PS Paging Initiated by 3G-SGSN with RRC Connection for CS
MS RNS MSC/VLR
Connection Established
3G-SGSN
1. PDP PDU or
PMM IDLE Downlink signalling
2. Paging
3. Paging Type2 (RRC paging)
(IMSI,
4. Service Request P-TMSI, Area,
4. Service Request CN Domain
Indicator, DRX
PMM parameters)
CONNECTED

CS Paging (GSM only)
l When an MS is both IMSI and GPRS-attached in a network that operates in
mode I, the MSC/VLR executes paging for circuit-switched services via the SGSN.
If the MS is in STANDBY state, it is paged in the routeing area and in the null
routeing area (see clause "Routeing Area Identity “ of TS23060). If the MS is in
READY state, it is paged in the cell. The SGSN converts the MSC paging message
into an SGSN paging message.
MS BSS SGSN MSC/VLR
1. Page
2. Paging Request
3. Paging Request
4. SABM (Paging Response)

5. SCCP Connection Request (Paging Response)

CS Paging (UMTS only)
l When an MS is both IMSI- and GPRS-attached in a network
that operates in mode I, the MSC/VLR executes paging for
circuit-switched services via the SGSN.
l In the MSC, a paging timer supervises the paging procedure.
MS RNS 3G-SGSN MSC/VLR
1. Page
2. Paging
3. Paging Request
4. RRC Initial Direct Transfer (Paging Response)
5. RANAP Initial UE (Paging Response)

Summary
l In UMTS, Paging type 1 for UE without RRC connection
with RNC, Paging type 2 for UE with RRC connection with
RNC.
l CS paging can be executed via PS.

Contents

Contents
4.1 Basic concepts
4.2 PDP Context Activation Procedure
4.3 PDP Context Modification Procedure
4.4 PDP Context Deactivation Procedure

Session Management
l Function
p Establish and monitor a packet tunnel from MS to GGSN, and allocate
system resource for the packet service.
l Important Procedure
p PDP Context Activation
p PDP Context Modification
p PDP Context Deactivation

PDP Context
l PDP Context: Packet Data Protocol context
p PDP context contains all the information needed to transfer

user data between MS and GGSN.
p The context includes parameters such as RA, QoS (Quality of

Service), Charging ID etc.
p PDP context exists in MS, SGSN, GGSN.

PDP Context
Each MM context contains zero or more of the following PDP contexts:
Field Description A/Gb Iu
mode mode
PDP Context Identifier Index of the PDP context. X X
PDP State Packet data protocol state, INACTIVE or ACTIVE. X X
PDP Type PDP type, e.g. PPP or IP. X X
PDP Address PDP address, e.g. an IP address. X X
APN Subscribed The APN received from the HLR. X X
APN in Use The APN currently used. This APN shall be composed X X
of the APNNetwork Identifier and the APN Operator
Identifier.
NSAPI Network layer Service Access Point Identifier. X X
TI Transaction Identifier. X X
TEID for Gn/Gp Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Gn and Gp interfaces. X X
TEID for Iu Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Iu interface. X
GGSN Address in Use The IP address of the GGSN currently used. X X
VPLMN Address Specifies whether the MS is allowed to use the APN in X X
Allowed the domain of the HPLMN only, or additionally the
APN in the domain of the VPLMN.
QoS Profile Subscribed The quality of service profile subscribed. X X

PDP Context
QoS Profile Requested The quality of service profile requested. X X
QoS Profile Negotiated The quality of service profile negotiated. X X
Radio Priority The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink user data X
transmission.
Packet Flow Id Packet flow identifier. X
Aggregate BSS QoS The aggregate BSS quality of service profile negotiated X
Profile Negotiated for the packet flow that this PDP context belongs to.
Send N-PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU X
to be sent to the MS.
Receive N-PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU X
expected from the MS.
GTP-SND GTP-U sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to X X
be sent to the MS.
GTP-SNU GTP-U sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU to be X X
sent to the GGSN.
PDCP-SND Sequence number of the next downlink in-sequence X
PDCP-PDU to be sent to the MS.
PDCP-SNU Sequence number of the next uplink in-sequence X
PDCP-PDU expected from the MS.
Charging Id Charging identifier, identifies charging records generated X X
by SGSN and GGSN.
PDP Context Charging The charging characteristics of this PDP context, e.g. X X
Characteristics normal, prepaid, flat-rate, and/or hot billing.
RNC Address in Use The IP address of the RNC currently used. X

MM Context and PDP Context
HLR
MS BSC SGSN GGSN

Uu Gb/ Iu Gn
or RNC
MM context MM context PDP context #1

PDP context #1 PDP context #1 .
. . .
. . .
PDP context #n PDP context #n PDP context #n

PDP State
INACTIVE
l PDP state
p inactive：cannot
transmit data Deactivate PDP Context
Activate PDP or
p active：can transmit Context MM state change to IDLE
data or PMM-DETACHED
ACTIVE

PDP Type and PDP Address
l PDP Type
p IPV4
p IPV6
p PPP
l PDP Address
p Static IP
n Public IP
n Allocate by the operator
p Dynamic IP
n Private IP
n Allocate by GGSN, DHCP or Radius

QoS
l QoS: quality of service
p It is a group of parameters that can define the network ability,
such as the bit rate for downlink or uplink data transmission
and the reliability class and so on
p It is end to end concept

APN
l APN structure: APN-NI+APN-OI
huawei.com.cn.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
APN APN
Network ID Operator ID
•Operator ID : fixed extension, must end with “.gprs”
•Network ID shall not end with “.gprs”

APN
APN1
IP1 GGSN1
APN1
APN2 MS APN SGSN GGSN2
APN2
APN3
APN GGSN IP
GGSN3
APN3
DNS APN1=GGSN1 IP1

APN2=GGSN2 IP2
APN3=GGSN3 IP3

APN
•internet l General
APN
GGSN GGSN
•GuangDong province
SGSN SGSN
APN:CMNET
MS MS
Roaming

APN
l Local APN
VPN tunnel
GGSN GGSN
Province 1 Province 2
SGSN SGSN
APN:test.xy
MS MS
Roaming

APN
BTS BSC
/NodeB /RNC
ISP
ISP A
A
GGSN (A) ISP
ISP B
B
MS
•APN-
APN-NI/
SGSN GGSN (B)
Backbone
Backbone Corp.
Corp.
•Or APN-
APN-NI+APN-
NI+APN-OI DNS Network
Network
•APN-
APN-NI
DNS DNS
•APN-NI+APN-OI ＝ GGSN IP address

APN-NI+APN-

Contents
4.1 Basic concepts

Activation Procedure
l PDP context activation procedure
p To establish a PDP context between the MS and the
SGSN, the GGSN
l Activation procedure types:

p PDP context activation procedure
p Secondary PDP Context Activation Procedure
p Network-Requested PDP Context Activation

Procedure

PDP Context Activation Procedure (2G)
MS BSS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context Response
4. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
5. Activate PDP Context Accept

PDP Context Activation Procedure (3G)
MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request

(PDP Type, PDP Address, Access Point Name,
QoS Requested)
2. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context Response
4. Radio Access Bearer Setup （Qos）

Charging ID allocation
IP address
5. Update PDP Context Request
6. Update PDP Context Response
7. Activate PDP Context Accept

Handling in MS
l MS start and send “Active PDP context request” to SGSN
p Provide QoS parameter
p Provide a APN-NI
p Provide a static IP or null
l Receive ACCEPT from SGSN

p If the QoS not accept by MS, then starts delete PDP context
procedure.

Handling in SGSN
l Check subscriber data
l APN selection
p According to TS 23.060
p default APN, APN provide from MS and the APN subscribed in HLR
p APN-NI.APN-OI
l Interrogate DNS
p Hostfile/Cache/DNS server
l QoS negotiation
p QoS provided from MS, default QoS ,QoS subscribed in HLR
l Send message “Create PDP context request” to GGSN
l RAB assignment (UMTS only)
l Send message “Active PDP context accept” to MS
p Dynamic IP address
p QoS

Handling in GGSN
l Check the APN provided by SGSN
l QoS negotiation
l Allocate a dynamic IP to the MS
l Allocate a charging ID for the PDP context
l Return a CREATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT
message to SGSN
p Dynamic IP
p QoS
p Charging ID
p Other information
l Update PDP context

Handling in RNC
l RAB assignment
MS SGSN GGSN
RAB assignment
RNC (Final negotiated
Qos)
Allocate radio resource Allocate Iu interface resource

Network-Requested PDP Context
Activation Procedure
MS SGSN HLR GGSN
1. PDP PDU
2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS
2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS Ack
3. PDU Notification Request
3. PDU Notification Response
4. Request PDP Context Activation
5. PDP Context Activation procedure

Contents
4.1 Basic concepts

Modification Procedures
l Modification procedures modify parameters that were negotiated
during an activation procedure for one or several PDP contexts.
l An MS, a GGSN, an SGSN, or an RNC can request a modification
procedure.
l The following parameters can be modified:
p QoS Negotiated;
p Radio Priority;
p Packet Flow Id;
p PDP Address (in case of the GGSN-initiated modification procedure);
p TFT (in case of MS-initiated modification procedure).

SGSN-Initiated Modification
Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN
3. Modify PDP Context Request
4. Modify PDP Context Accept
C1
5. Radio Access Bearer Modification
6. Invoke Trace

GGSN-Initiated Modification Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN


C1

MS-Initiated Modification Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN


C1

RNC-initiated RAB Modification Procedure
l RNC modify RAB may cause SGSN modify PDP context.
MS RNC SGSN GGSN
1. RAB Modify Request
2. SGSN initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure

Contents
4.1 Basic concepts

MS Initiated Deactivation Procedure
l For GPRS
MS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN
1. Deactivate PDP Context Request
C1
4. Deactivate PDP Context Accept

MS Initiated Deactivation Procedure
l For UMTS
MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN
C1

5. Radio Access Bearer Release

SGSN-initiated Deactivation Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN
C1


GGSN-initiated Deactivation Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN
C1

Summary
l The session management function includes the flowing
functions:
p PDP context activation function;
p PDP context modification function;
p PDP context deactivation function;

Thank you
www.huawei.com

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GPRS&UMTS

Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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l 3GPP protocol 29060

l 3GPP protocol 24008

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p Describe the GPRS mobility management procedure

p Describe the GPRS session management procedure

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3. Radio Resource Management

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l What is the function of GPRS?

l GPRS network classification

l GPRS network background

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p BSS: Base Station Subsystem

p UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

p SGSN: Service GPRS Support Node

p GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node

p CG: Charging Gateway

p BG: Border Gateway

p PDN: Packet Data Network

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p SMS-GMSC: Gateway MSC For Short Message Service

p SMS-IWMSC: Short Message Service Interworking MSC

p SCP: Service Control Point

p GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center

p HLR: Home Location Register

p EIR: Equipment Identity Register

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p Routing and transfer

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p Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS CDRs

p Pre-processing of GPRS CDRs

p Sending GPRS CDRs to the billing center

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p Providing location information and processing needed in

n GPRS user location deletion indication

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l In Non-transparent access mode, the GGSN will

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l The Short message can be sent via CS domain or PS

l The operator can decide to use CS or PS to send the short

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l GPRS network is composed of SGSN, GGSN and CG. BG

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l Radio Resource Management

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2.2 Attach and Detach

2.3 Security Function

2.4 Location Management

2.5 Service Request (UMTS only)

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p Subscription data management

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l GMM other procedures