ADIABATICDEMAGNETIZATION.

:: (5M)
It is the process of obtaining low temperature by demagnetizing
a paramagnetic substance in adiabatic process.

The experimental arrangement consists 1. A para magnetic substance (Gadolinium sulphate), 2.

Two Dewar flasks of different size , 3. Strong magnetic field, 4.liquid Helium , 5. Hydrogen liquid and
6. Vacuum pump.

In this arrangement the para magnetic substance is suspended in vacuum pump. The vacuum pump
is placed in a Dewar flask1 which is filled with He liquid. The vacuum pump is surrounded by electric
coil to measure the temperature of the substance. The Dewar flask is again placed in the second
Dewar flask filled with Hydrogen liquid. The total arrangement is paced in strong magnetic field .

Procedure:

The magnetic field is switched on and then the para magnetic substance will be
magnetized at constant temperature .The molecules of para substance will lie along the direction
of the field .The para substance is in contact with He liquid. The temperature of the para
substance decreases due to the flow of heat in to the He bath. Then the He is removed out using
vacuum pump. Then the para magnetic substance is isolated from the surroundings. Then the
magnetic field is switched off . The para substance is then suddenly demagnetized. For this process
the molecules need an amount of thermal energy. Therefore the temperature of para substance
decreases. Using this method we can obtain the temperature upto 0.3K.