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    NORMA AS-NZS 2885-5 2002

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    AS-NZS 2885-5 2002

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    NORMA AS-NZS 2885-5 2002

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    32 views39 pages

    As-Nzs 2885-5 2002

    Uploaded by

    Roque Matienzo
    NORMA AS-NZS 2885-5 2002

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    seem eanev a a ASINZS 2885.5:2002 Australian/New Zealand Standard™ Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum Part 5: Field pressure testing PP ® Standards Australia sraxoazos ASINZS 2585.5:2002 “hie Joint AusralianNew Zealand. Standard wae prepare by Joint Technical Erg ESN Pelee apc fcns pron aioe Conn ft Standods Austaia on 8" February 2002 and! on beball of toe Counell of Standards New Zealand on 20 Febrary 2002.1 ws published on # April 2002. ‘The following interest ar represented on Commitee MEO Australian Coroson Association ‘unratian Gat Arsociation ‘Auwralan fete of Peioleum ‘Aturalan Pevolesm Production and Exploration Association Primary ‘Welding Technology Inestate of Australia Al ‘Aecerted by CITC PACIFIC MINING PTY LTD on 03 One 2010 Keeping Standards wpto-date Sten ning decent which let pogo wee: tenon ‘pate To main the curteney all Standards ae penedally reviewed. 2a {oe otons are publichedBermeen ediions, amendments maybe ied ‘Sains may ‘isle withdrawn, is mportné at rencrsamate themes ihey ae used seven! Sendd: wht Seal tcl say enndacels ch fir lave cen pubis since the Standard was pura {athe on-line catalogue ‘Akerativly both orpzizations publish am annual printed Cntalogue with al ‘eta of aii coment Standards. Vor more fequen stings oF notation of fevisins, amendments and withcawals Sundae Ausra and Standards New ‘cata offer mabe of update opis, For information about ese See ‘ter comact hse especie tol Standards opasanon, We alo welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, apd especially ‘tiourage waders to muy wr imeditely of any apparent inceurcin OF mbps Plone adlrest your commento. Ge Chet Executive of sitet Scenic Antal o Sars Now eid ote ar sw ‘This Standard wo sued in drat form for commen as 9081. a econel by CIC PACFICMINNGPY LTD on 8 Oe 2010 ASINZS 2885.5:2002 Australian/New Zealand Standard™ Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum Part 5: Field pressure testing Sorta as area ‘Soy ova ua aerate ot ASAZS 28852002 ‘COPYRIGHT (Saas Ara Stace New Zand ‘Avge and No par hr way be rand capa ym by 207 a 28.Sng pasa sane woman parma oe, ‘ey lita hy Sans tna nan fo 2, Sn. NW 01 Ne za Prete bag 2, aagn Sd PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards AustrliaStandards New Zealand ‘Committee ME-038, Petroleum Pipelines, to supersede AS 1978—1987, Pipelines—Gas and Liquid Peoleum—Field presse texting. The objective of this Standard is to set out methods forthe determination ofthe strength and the leak-tighiness of test setion, Major changes inthis edition are the replacement of the interpretation of pressre/volume/emperature graphs with a more rigorous and accurate mathematical method, the inclusion of data for the interpretation of tests using petroleum fuels as the testing medium and x mandatory procedure for determining whether «Teak test has been success, The terms “normative” and “informative” have boen used in this Standard to define the application ofthe appendix to which they apply. “normative” appendix isan integral part, ‘ofa Standard, whereas an informative" appendi is only for information and guidance. ‘CONTENTS i SECTION |_ SCOPE AND GENERAL 11 BASIS OF SECTION stn APPLICATION ve . = PURPOSE OF TESTS. nnn DESIGNATION OF TEST METHODS. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS, = DEFINITIONS... : — TESTING PERSONNEL NOTATION conn “ CONVERSION TO SI UNITS 1510 ROUNDING OF NUMBERS. SECTION 2 EQUIPMENT AND TEST LIQUID 21) BASISOF SECTION as as 9 22. ACCURACY, SENSITIVITY. AND REPEATABILITY OF EQUIPMENT. 9 23 COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT, it 244 INSTALLATION AND LOCATION OF TEST EQUIPMENT. " 25. TESTLIQUID, 2 . a 23. COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT... - 24 INSTALLATION AND LOCATION OF TEST EQUIPMENT. 25. TEST LIQUID. 26 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS WHERE TEST FLUID IS PETROLEUM LIQUID nine SECTION 3. PREPARATION FOR TESTS 3.1 BASIS OF SECTION... soon 32. SELECTION AND DESIGN OF TEST SECTIONS. * 33. TEST PROGRAM... 34 Tesrsecrion 35° SITE WORK.... SECTION 4 PRESSURE TESTING 41 BASIS OF SECTION yoo 42° FILLING. ae 43 PRESSURIZATION.. oo 444° PRESSURE-CONTROLLED TEST. oo 43. VOLUME/STRAIN-CONTROLLED TEST. * 46 TEST PRESSURES. a 47 HOLDPERIOD...- SECTION S ASSESSMENT OF STRENGTH AND LEAK TESTS, 51 BASIS OF SECTION... 52. STRENGTH TEST... nnn 53. LEAKTEST. SECTION 6_ REINSTATEMENT OF THE TEST SECTION 61 BASIS OF SECTION 62. REINSTATEMENT. SECTION? REPORTS AND RECORDS 7.1 BASIS OF SECTION 72 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS... a 73° REPORTS. : 74 RECORDS, APPENDICES. BASIS OF THE STANDARD wo... PRESSURE/VOLUME/TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS IN PIPELINE ‘TEST SECTIONS... HYPOTHETICAL TEST SECTION. SELECTION OF END-POINTS... INVESTIGATION OF A PREMATURE END-POINT. MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL AIR ocr n ESTIMATION OF POTENTIAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE, TYPICAL REPORT FORM wo vo SELECTION AND DESIGN OF TEST SECTIONS [ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN TEST SECTIONS... tesotmon o> 3 a 4 ms & eeusrenne a ecamsenrsaniavine STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND ‘Australian/New Zealand Standard Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum Part 5: Field pressure testing SECTION | SCOPE AND GENERAL 1 BASIS OF SECTION This Standard ses out methods for the hydrostatic testing of petroleum pipelines, which are 1 mandatory requirement of AS 2685 | and AS 28853, It may alo be used for testing other Pipelines including pipelines designed to, or operated to, AS 1697. Hydrostatic testing ofa pipeine is usually caried out by testing a numberof isolated test Hydrostatic testing is sed to establish — (2) the strength and leak tightness of atest section; and Hydrostatic testing i wed o establish — (2) the strength and leak tightness ofa tos section: nd () the pressure strength of pipeline for the purposes of determining of confirming the ‘maximum allowable operating pressure of the pipeline NOTE: Fr infrmation he istry and hai ofthe Standard, ce Appendix A 12 APPLICATION “This Standard is applicable wo steel pipelines that comply with AS 2865.1, AS 2885.3 and AS 1607. It may’ also be applicable to high pressure stel pipeliny designed and constructed to national Standards of other counties, This Standard may be applied for prctesting of pipe and components snd for tasting sections of pipe separate from the field test (ee Clause 4.32). 1.3. PURPOSE OF TESTS, 13.4 Strength test “The purpose of the strength tes prcesure for which tis designed ‘The test may also be used o— (2) measure certain mechanical properties of the test section oF to relieve or reduce residual ste inthe test section: and (©) determine the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) ofa pipeine 132 Leak test “The purpose ofthe leak test sto establish tightness (See Clauses 1.6.7 and 4.7.2) (establish that pipeline is capable of withstand Pipeline complies with the required leak- pl siciroriens momen matt 14 DESIGNATION OF TEST METHODS, 14.1 Strength tests ‘The designation ofa test method to determine strength shall be a follows (2) Where the end-point is determined rom observations of the pressre alone asthe test uid added, prssure-contoled test () Where the end-point is determined from observations of the presse andthe volume ofthe test uid added, volumosrain-contealled test. 142 Leaketightness ‘The designation ofthe fst method to determine lak-tighines unr internal pressure shall be oak test LS REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. ‘The following documents are referred to in this Standard: as. 1349 Bourdon tube pressure and vacuum gauges 1276 Conversion factors 1697 Gas transmission and distribution systems RSS Methods for the determination of transverse tensile properis of round steel pipes 2520. Pooloum messurement ables 2706 Numerical valuesRounding and interpretation of limiting values 2885 Pipetines—Gas and liquid petroleum 2520 Petroleum measurement ables 2706 Nurmeiclvalues—Rounding and interpretation of 2885 __Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum 2835.1. Dae I: Design and consruction 28853 Par.3: Operation and maintenance art St Line pipe Manual fr Petroleum Measurement Standards limiting values 16 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose ofthis Standard, the definitions piven in AS 2885.1 and those below apply. LG Allowable test, certinty The lining valu of test uncertsinty inthe tet section that occurs during te hold period, ‘which ‘cannot be ascribed to known effects such as changes in temperature. (sos Appendix). 162. End-point ‘That pressre at which the pumping is o cease 1.63 End-point, haltstope “That pressure onthe pressurcfadded volume plot at which the slope (see Clause 1.6.12) is af that of the obviously elastic portion of the plot afer the effects of residual it are 1 Guidance on end-point section is given in Appentix D Ba En ME PINE MMNNOPTY TO 09 9D 200 1.64 End-polat, offset volume “Tha pressure on the pressured volume plot at which the tual add volume equals the aleulted volume of the test section (the offset volume), the zero pressure being measured tthe highestelevaton. 41.65 Hold period (hold time) “That period during which the est pressure is maintained in test. 1.66 Industrial gauge ‘A pressure gauge complying withthe accuracy roquirements specified in AS 1349 for an indostial gauge 167 Leak Any escape of test fa 68 Leak test {roe he section during the test. ‘A test carried out at predstermined pressure during which leak-sighiness is dotrmined 1.69 Leak-tightness ‘The ability of 4 test section to meet the sequtements of this Standard in relation 0 unaecouaable pressure change and reodom fom Visual eas sce Clauses 16.5 and 4.72), 1.6.10 Pressure 1.6.10. Pressure ‘The pressure above atmospheric pressure: gauge pressure 16.11, Pressure change, allowable unaccountable The pressure equivalent ofthe standard allowable unaccountable tet uid leakage rate (see Table 51), 1.6.12 Pressure, mill test ‘That pressure 1o which each length of pipe is subjected atthe pipe manufacturer's works. 1.6.13. Pressure strength (oF atest section) ‘The end-point pressure of a valid successful suength tst on 2 section of pipeline. The prose strength is measure or calculated at the highest point in the test section 16.14 Pressureladded volume (p!) plot A raph ofthe pressure of the test guid against the volume of liquid added to pressurize ‘the test section, and plotted to scales which will enable the presute to be rad t0 0.1% of ‘specified minimum yiold strength (SMYS) and the added volume 10 be NOTE: Soe Pargrph AS, Appendix Aformetsirement for vlume!srin-oarlld tt 1.6.15 Residual ie (ae content) ‘That volume of ai tapped in the test section by the test guid and refered toa pressure of| 101.325 kPa absoate (1 atm), 1.6.16 Strength test “That part ofthe pressure tet procedure that establishes the pressure strength of the test © SBlleoomd ty ING PACIFIG MING PTY LTD on 08 Ove 2010 1617 Test gauge {A pressure gauge complying withthe accuraey rquirments specified in AS 1349 for atest cents. 1.6.18 Test program A writen program, prepared before the test, which details the methods and procedures o be ed 16.19 Test section ‘That part of «pipeline subjected to testing a8 aunt 1.620 Transducer [A device for converting one physical quantity, such as pressure, temperature or flow rate, quantitatively into variations in another, such as volage, whichis dsplayed, stared or feoorded NOTE: For the parposc ofthis Standard, and paricularty for purposes of verification, the {ramdacer cade the ene nigalcomioning, nesting. and eeorng spi eel to 1.7 TESTING PERSONNEL “The preparation of the test program, the conduct of the ts, and the assessment of the resus of the tests shall he cased ut By persons quliied By experience and taiing ia Dressre testing t this Standard, and under the supervision of » competent fest engineer familiar with his Standard 8 NOTATION 18 NOTATION Symbols are defined inthe Clausen which they are wed 19 CONVERSION TO St UNITS. Where units oier than SI uit are used in other Standards, conversion 10 SI units shall be made in accordance with AS 1376, ‘Unite shall be converted to SI units before any rounding. 1.10, ROUNDING OF NUMBERS [An observed or calculated value shall be romnded to the nearest unit in accordance with [AS 2706. For examples of interpretation of speci valves im accordance with the rourning method see AS 2706. on © [EH sccm by cme pace Muna PTY LA on 09 one 210 SECTION 2 EQUIPMENT AND TEST LIQUID 2.4 BASIS OF SECTION ‘The validity of the determination of strength, leak-tightness and pressure strength depends on the validity ofthe measurements made during the hydrostatic test. This Section datines ‘he mininuin requirements for accuracy, scnstivity and ropeatabltyof test equipment and the practices to be observed to ensure that readings of test instruments reflet test section parameters and avoid spurious infucnees, 2.2 ACCURACY, SENSITIVITY, AND REPEATABILITY OF EQUIPMENT 221 General Only instruments and equipment that have a cureat verification in accordance with this Section shall he used for measuring pressure, volume and temperature during the test. Indicated readings from verified instruments and equipment shall be used without 2.2.2 Pressure-messuring equipment Instruments and equipment for the measurement of pressure shall comply with Causes 22.2. and 2.2.22, 222.1 Requirements for pressure-measuring instruments Pressuresmeasuring instruments shall comply with the following: (2) Volume/train-comtralled test Where 4 volumelsrain-controlled test is made, the (0) Folunctatrain-controled test Where a volumsrain-comtraed testis made, the premure shall be mesnured by a premuremeauring device complying wih the (An acuracy 0 025% of the sale range i) sensitivity of 0.1% ofthe pressure equivalent of SMYS. (©) _Desermination of MAOP (]) Whore the test pressure sto he used to determine the MAOP. the ecumiey of the pressuresmeasuring-dvice shall be 0.25% ofthe scale range. (i) Wherea lower accuracy woul not cntibte to uncertainty inthe value ofthe -MAOP. am industrial grade gauge may be used, for example, by testing 1 1% above the presse egured io qualify MAP. (e) Leak test The semstivty, repeatability and stably of prenuremesaring instrament tht ase wae lo detrnne lenetghiness shall be bei than 20% ofthe 2222 Seletion of pressure-measring equipment (2) Presuare gauges Test grade and industrial prade Bourdon tube presse gauges shall comply with AS 1349, Teat gauges salle selected 20 tht th highest tnt premare is hetweom 50% and 90% ofthe seal range, (0) Indesit grade gauges The following applies to industrial grade gauges: (An Sindustit grade gauge may be ed to measure premier where the ‘olumarincontraled testi not rogured, where the actual srongth teat Dremureexceds the minimum equredsrengih tnt by more than 59% ad it fafetodo se ‘Aine ny 16 PACING MRAM PTY L7D on 63 ae 0 (A gauge having an accuracy not inferior 10 that of industrial grade gnuse, tnd dial not ess than 100'mm ia ameter may be used for determination of the volume of esi! at (ii) industcat grade gauges sll nt be used for tet premures greater han 95% of| the mil est pressure (©) Where appropriate or desirable, a wansducer may be wsed in place of the pressure ‘measuring equipment specified elsewhete inthis Cause 2.22 provided tat i meets the speci acuracy, Sensitivity repeatability and tabi requirements 223 Verification of presure-measuring equipment ‘The maximum period between verifications of equipment for measurcment of pressure shall teas follows (2) Industria grade eauges 6 mom, () Testgrade pes 1 year. (©) Deadweight teers 5 year. (d) Pressure uansducess ci paiiasaatn 1 year. Industrial grade gauges shall be vrifed against «test grade gauge or deudweight tester or ‘euivalent prose calibrator Records of verification tests shall be mintine, 224 Volume-memaring equipment Instruments and equipment for he measurement of volume shall comply with the following: Insruments and equipment forthe measrement of voime shall comply with he ellowins (0) Yolumetiran-centrlied test The volume of lgaid added or subimcied in 2 ‘olume/srsn-conroed test sal be measired with egipment complying withthe (@)-—Assuraey beer than 195 ofthe minis volume measured i) Sensiivty beer than 0.1% of the estimated volume of iid roqied t9 produc a prow equivalent to SMYS ale fling Has been completed (©) Residual ir Where residual aie is 19 be determined from the observations of ‘essire and volume, and where the presare does not exceed 2000 KPa, the feuipacel for measurcmeat of volume shall be ateurat 1 Bece than 2% of dat ‘olue which, when added, would produce a change in press of 1000 KPa 225 Verification of volumemensering equipment “The accuracy and sensivity of equipment forthe measurement of volume shall be verted 226 Temperature-messuring oqipment lnsruncats and equipment forthe measurement of temperature shall comply with the folowing: (2) Swrengih est Foca sucngih st, caperature-ancasuremeat i ot egueed () Leak test If reuied, pipe wall temperature measurement devices used for test ‘valuation shall meet be fllowing eguremeni (see Cause 472) ()Anaccuraey of 03°C i) combined sensvity. repeatability and sailiy not exceding 20% ofthe ‘enperture change equal to Ie allowable unaccountable pressure change om © ill ome PACINC MANO PTY LTO 0 09 Oe 2010 ‘The repeatability of resistance thermometers, thermocouples and electronic temperature measuring devices shall be determined, and approved [NOTE: Such pipe wall tmpertreamcaturng devices for lak test evaluation are uted to [ermine temperature chang on ppe wall where i ground temperatres ay ahow dare ‘changes of ppoximately 01°C pending on seasonal conditions. The acuray request Wo dtermine the temperatures response a the prevaling average pipe 2.2.7 Verification of temperature-measuring equipment The maximum period between verifications of equipment for measurement of temperature shall be as follows (2) Liquid in lass thermometes a ssennnnnn enn months (©) Pin wall emperatire measrement devices Ginsadng any sociated pay device or data recorder) 6 months. NOTE: An ie-poitveriteton iin. Records ofeach verification shall be maintained, 2.3 COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT ‘Adequate communications and transport systems shall be established and maintained forthe ‘aration ofthe test. 2.4 INSTALLATION AND LOCATION OF TEST EQUIPMENT. 24.1 General 24. INSTALLATION AND LOCATION OF TEST EQUIPMENT. 241 General Measuring equipment shall be esalled and loated 19 emare tat daa obtined are representative Precautions shall be tent protect the equipment aginst adverse effects sich at weather ‘and other tres, Bourdon take pressure gauges ar particulary stseptbeto damage fom ‘Shock loading in ansport ad sus, and fom impurities inthe Liguld such as sealing ape, 2242 Prestarepanges Pressure givges sll be installed in accordance with AS 1349, More thin one peste rmeasring device shall he uied. Ary difereace between the indication of the presene- ‘measuring Jevices abl be motored, and shall be investigated [A pressure gauge sll be installed on the test header to permit det reading of the pressure should any doubt arise as to the condition of the lines connecting he test ‘Hsruments tothe Header 2:43 Temperature measurement ‘Where temperature measurement is rquited by the tet procedure, the following sll opty: (2) Thepurpose for such measurement sal be cealy sted in the et program, () Tempormure-measuring devices shall be slocted to satisfy the reuiements of this ecumert, (6) Temporture-memarement points shall be carefilly sclcted to ene that the ‘measurement elvan oe relationship boing messed. (@)_ The sensing clement and, whore necessary the iastrument sal be protected agsiast ‘he effects of ambient and extraneous temcatire sources and electra inefesnce Si cctecreneremmertimieincine (©) Sufficient termperaure-measring devices shall be installed to characterize the test section being measured [NOTE: Pipe temperature measuring poins may be located on the surface ofthe pipe, oF the siti of the pie esting 25 TEST LIQUID 28.1 Type oftest guid “The test liquid shall be one that isnot detrimintal tothe future use of the pl there is any doubt, experimental work should be cari out to determine its suitably, Where the est liquid is petroleum liguid, the Nashpoit shal be greater han 61°C or shall be approved. 252 Selection of test guid ‘The test liquid shall be water, petroleum liquid, or any other suitable liquid, with known properties Unstable iguds shall not be used. Liquefied petroleum gas or any other high- ‘Vapour pressure liquid that i deemed not the a suitable liquid shall not be sed The test Tiguid may contain corrosion inhibitors or other appropiate aitives “The tes liquid shal be selected after consideration ofthe consequences of a rupture of the test section or escape of the liquid during the test, with regard to the effets such an incident would have on the general public, operating and testing personnel, testing and ‘operating equipment, andthe environment. ‘The method of disposal of the test liquid shall be considered inthe sleet Tiqud, and Yolevant environment protection requirements shall be established, of the test 2.6 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS WHERE TEST FLUID IS PETROLEUM "26 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS WHERE TEST FLUID IS PETROLEUM teu [Where the ost fd is» petroleum tigi, the following procedures and pretation sal swply (a) An approved emergency procedure shall Ne established which shal he implemented inthe event offre () Adequate warning signs shal be displayed along the test section. (©) During the peiod in which the hoop sts is fest raised fom 80% SMYS 10 the ‘maximum test tes and wail the presse is reduced to the MAOP, considerate ‘hal Be ive to (0) the evneuton of persons tom all neighbouring Bldigs and (3) constant surveillance of he est sein. ores. 1 Testing witha poolum Bi soul et be ase ou for nil eng os pipeline whe 2 Excet s povidedin Clase 2e) testing af pple wih pte Maid sad mat ‘eco uo pests need the MAOP a he pig, SECTION 3 PREPARATION FOR TESTS AM BASIS OF SECTION ‘The Standard requires that all hydrostatic testing of test sections he conducte following an approved procedure that has been prepared thoroughly. with full consideration of the ‘parameters tha affect the validity ofthe test 13.2. SELECTION AND DESIGN OF TEST SECTIONS [NOTE: A guide the selection and design of test sections is ven in Appen 433 TEST PROGRAM [A program for cach pressure test, with explanatory notes and all necessary data, shall be prepared and approved before any testing akes place, The tes programm shall take into account an assesament of stresses inthe pipe wall ofthe test section resulting from mass of the test liguid, end restaits, any addtional leading ftom other structures, and any ther significant loadings Where a combination of hoop sess, lngitadinal stress and radial stress occurs, the ‘cumulative effect of these shall be dcicmined from the maximum shear stress (Tresa) theory ‘The test program shll include details ofthe fllowi (2) The location and identitieation of the test section. om {(b) The elevations of the measuring points and the highest point and lowest point of the o i fhe aoa pom Ga he ihe pit nd Love pol fe NOTE: Tet ect ol becom incor ith Adi (6) Teesomin! deter, nomial wal hiss nd len ofthe tet ein (©) Te spesitenion an rade ofthe pps inthe tet etn, th mil x pes and the met) fhe manufac) (6) Test press raings of ves, component, comnestons, and appurtenances i he tstscnon Rags mayb take fm spe . NOTE Conlon tw be Sve th fet of perso longo in ew i tn np eight edna wae, : (9 we bihet prem inling any poet presto which any vale, componn, z Connection, a sppneane ine estan has bon peviosy sete, £ (@) An asacsment of he possibilty ffm o rare exssion de 1 z prcnr nig Sma the pp ong 5 (0) Wher so wer, the typ fest doe da ie 5 (density: g (i) cb thermal examin coctiet é Gi) compress 5 (6) Theta of ative, any nthe es igh = (6) Tae minimum strength test pressure and leak test pressure atthe highest and lowest I pots af he test secon, and toi flalonship tothe pressure at he measuring pat i on commer on (8) Ditfereniation etween the strength and leak fest fanetions of the procedure, () The theoretical slope ofthe p/plot calculated in accordance with Appendix B NOTE: For an illsation ofthe tehniques and caleulations that may Be rouired in kd Prcerre testing, se Append (2) The criteria for evaluating leak-tighiess, expressed as a standard and supplementary allowable uaecountabe leakage rate (see Table $1) ‘The values in TableS.1 ate approprite for pipstines carrying gas and stable petoleum ids. For pipelines carrying other Mids, the values may be reduced by ‘hot more than 50%. The altered values shall e justified and approved (2) The choice of, and reasons forthe selection ofthe end-point. Where a volume/ran-contolled test it to be carried out, consideration shall be given tothe stress/srain diagram typical ofthe pipe in the test section before the end Doin is selected NOTE: Fr guidance om his selection of endpoot ee Appendix D. (0) The reason for specifying a pressure higher than that used in any previ testo the pipe or component i the test seston, (®) Procedures for cleaning and filling the test section (q) Procedures for pressurizing the test section. (2) The location of pressurization injection points (5) Procedures and precautions for the disposal ofthe test ig (2) Procedures and precautions forthe safety ofthe general public, operating personnel oe Brose cine PACINC MINING PTY LTD en 03 Ome 2080 (8) Procedures and precautions forthe safety of the general public, operating personnel and texting personnel, and operating and testing equipment (ace also Clause 6). ‘Those should include a warning about excese pressure being developed due to sola radiation. The precautions should include the provision of appropriate saety wari signs (a) The vale of combined stresses, s determined in uecondance with AS 2885.1 (9) The valu of evant and significant external loads (0) The imi of residual ait NOTE: Soe Paragraph AUG, Append A. information iin the est ection ‘The information necessary to complete Hes (0) (B) (. (8, (Ds (8). (HG) (0). (9, (a) and(@) should be provided by the operating authority, is engineer ot the oastuctor 34 TEST SECTION ‘The test presare ratings or previous test pressures of all valves, components, connections, hot bends, and appurtenances i the text section shall be suitable forthe intended pipeline {eat pressure, All valves and equipment that are ot suitable shal Be ioafed oF removed, Where necessary, precautions shal he Taken to ensire that specified valve seat pressure Aifeeniats ae not exceeded “Temporary and permanent connections between the test section and all associated est ‘equipment shall be adequately designed and supported. [Where the est lqu_in the test section may experience thermal expansion, provision shal ‘be made fo the relief of the resulting inrcabe i presse Where the test lguid wil be subject to temperatures near eezing,precasions shall be ‘taken to protet the equipment andthe test section, 35 SITE WORK ‘The preparation inthe field should include the placement of pumps, laying of the test liquid supply lines. the installation of screens or fillers, the line fill meter, temporary pig launchers and scraper traps, manifolds, testing, metering and recording equipment, and all ‘ther necessary equipment om SECTION 4 PRESSURE TESTING 41 BASIS OF SECTION “This Section requires that testing he cased out by experienced personel i accordance wih the approved procedure “Tests for which the maximum pressure has the potential to result in yielding of any pipe sind tes are ei "ie manner that monitors the amour of straining Ahving the ost. This is called a volume/arain-contolled test, for which the endpoint is ‘etermined during the test. The maximum pressure may be limited by the aceeptable amount of strain (defined by a volumelstain end-point), by a maximum pressure or 3 “ests that are assessed as not likely to result in yielding of pipe may be conducted ‘predctermined pressure cad plat. This is called pressure-contrlled tc ‘The duration of strength ets s defined to verify te strength ofthe tet section by allowing time for any near etal defects to grow to failure. The duration of lak tests depends on tion methods. pigs are wed, suitable launching and receiving equipment forthe pigs shall be Land precautions shall be taken to ensure tha pigs are under contol on slopes. sary to use more than one pi i of adequate volume shal ot etrined inthe tet gud bei The effects of uny surge pressure on the safety ofthe ‘The volume of ui remaining in the test setion after fil Clases 44 04S), as appropiate NOTE: Suge i rarely am isue during nf operations. The magnitude for instantaneous ‘stopping of» pig in KPa) canbe approximately caolated as equal t the ow velocity change {metesce) upd by the guid desty (gf) mailed by the speed of sound inthe gud {ietetsec) an divided by fair of approximately 1300 ‘For example: pg raving at | msce i a ipline andthe sadly sopping would produce z Eupeo! optimal 19044 (mee 100 Sp 150 m3) 4 43 PRESSURIZATION i 4.1 General g Te falling consideration sal ply presuzatio: E (a) A suengih stor ea st sabe mad by easing the pes ofthe et igi ia i the test section to the selected end-point, (0), Theda sal be ee tothe manntim and minima st presies pied 2 inthe tes progam an othe masa ans iodued nthe pipe ees een @ (©) The pressure in any par of the txt section shall aot excesd the maximum test z prose api in et progam, : om conven (@) Wher the masimum test peste exceeds the mil test or ay othr previous test Drums te iatiaed of yiig sal be mes: In ullng tis test, Sachin dll be poe opel tel roi. ay ws prvi prc to i stout preteen ste poe eualet ot 100% SUVS: (4) theres codons od secondary lodngs en the tet eto: (i) the method, nd the orcattion wed In meaning the yl ses ad (9) the nguivetoenace on the wal chess specified i the pp stsndad or tht nde rom te quay anc recon hepipe mil sos. PESENS ernicrapelen seas eases oe 2 Valdg wl at cet a reso a rvs et reser (©) Where yielding is considered probable, the tt shall be conuted ein Yotumcfinacentlsd meted fn he cxem odin shall be mosled dutag ‘the test by continuous observation of the p/¥’ plot. (0) Laskey ny be performed ton thas previo tn mje toa tsar wrength 432. Prtesting Sections of lps may be pretend loro nso a sberquen ltt on ipelit ay be pretested pric rseqe Where sections of pipe are tested prior 10 field testing (Le. pretested), the end-point Where sections of pipe are tested prior to field testing (ie. pretested), the end-point pressure of the pretest shall comply with the tes program. NOTE: Pretest pipe, fabricated asemblie and components may be exempted fom 8 Sekt pressure tn, In accordance with AS 28851 ab AS 2888 3 ‘The end-point pressure shall be not lower than the maximum pressure that pipe or component will be subjected 1 in any subsequent est. 43.3, Mechanical interference joints Where atest section contains mechanical interference-ft joints, the maximum pressures/stesses in the field test program shall not exceed those qualified in prototype {esting carrod out in accordance wilh AS 2888.1 & 44 PRESSURE-CONTROLLED TEST x pumescomaog ta sal ely be tm nhom emma old ty 3 Cate 43.6 dtm hyd tps 8 For a pressure-contolled test, the pressure ofthe test liquid shall be raised to the end-point : mt! : (2) mained within 41% of he endpoint pres forte strength eld pid, i ‘ulead forthe ol po fhe ak testo : (0) itl ote ld pido combined eng and ak it 2 Residual air in the test section shall not interfere with the assessment of leaks. : NOTE: Wena tern 200 Ps repro hee 5 nde aircrew te shad 6 ard od sd : yeaa een os 45 VoLUMEistRa- CONTROLLED TEST The procedure fra volumeltrin-cotold et sl be fils (Bae hepeme te tornado Fresiarion oil the taba’ b ached sop te pap tn cay Sls heal le bern he pry an esc” The pre hal Be tnt i 718 of tec pl ere ire Peg fat a poe ale totsovn ned fr ea et bl pd. (0) Pt pesca ded voc onl at pois ot a 100 rendale ceiver coh ct enone ope SY, ‘ndings the ans of he pate nd aed voit press acres x rer ne flown (0) Upto te uae af 0% SYS. soo. (i) Greer han 50% MVS bat than il es per 2004 (et hn i prt en Wo ira (©) wing pestiton apse qaont 30% SMY, compre bos oe pono he pF pt wi te ere sls Pte sak Nipencr'® and C) if reseale spect tren he et ss nd he Ide dye bom ohaiel, hal pemanion wil be ek of epee a meawihd OTE: Th holo eat sp he WY plot i sh lait bm ota Sr oy Ss ep ea a ‘ewe te pest change dhe ale change Ge Pg 41) Ua the al pe ‘SEhlocosnd by CIC PACH MINNG PTY LTD 0963 De 2010 © om Tess te preaus Gangs and The volume ange (ae Fee pretest (2) Maintain continuous pumping at pressures between 90% and 100% of the expected end-point, In the event ofan interruption, restart the test from the 90% value. The pumping rate from 90% value to 100% pressure shall be constant NOTES: 1 is recommended that, before the mil est presen reached, pause and an inspection dating prenerzatoe be made to delrnan whether sey slgncam leak see pesem, Sahih could elm prematreendepoits being reported IF significant depute from linearity has occured below the expected end pot, ‘estatng te test fom 90% will have an eect upon the outcome of he est ad upow the ‘nasi ran exporienced by pipes wi the tow neste, (€) Examine the pressure/added-volume plot for the curvature effect of residual ai. I the curvature has been eliminated ata pressute equivalent t 80% of the projected end point pressute, residual air may be ignored, Ifthe curvatere has ot been eliminated fr the end-point pressure is Tess than 2000 kPa, the volume of residual air shall be ‘etermined and shall comply with the limit inthe Test Program. (Where an offict volume end-point has been chosen, measute th offet volume oa the ero pressure line between the line of best ft to the linear portion of the pecssue/added volume curve andthe parallel line through the endpoint pressure (See Figure 4.1). Obtain the volume of the text ssction by calculation fam the pipe dimcosions (or actual volume measurements during fling if more accurate). The non-proportional total volumetric stnin is calculated as the ratio of the nor proportional offset volume othe section volume. (e) Where a half slope end-point as been chosen, stop pressurization when the water volume required to cause a pressure increase Becomes twice the amount required 10 cause an identical pressure increase during the obviously lear portion of the prossura-added volume graph. Uae ofthe aaa ope (2) AF the end-point occurs prematurely (at a pressure lower than the minimum test zee the tot proper), fc tent ll be seg el et vestiation sil b> (made This investigation shall ieiuce « hold penod To detect leks, a thorough ‘ssesimont ofthe accuracy of the measuring equipment andthe wall thickness and Strength of the pipe in the test section. NOTE: Adtiinal advice on the levewignion of 4 premature eadpint is sven ia Appeni Where measurement of strains used i check for yen, strength testing of aboveground ‘ery shor lea actin ay be performed wihou!tlumetic cont nate -Aecsndby C06 PACING MAING PTY LT on 2 On 20 © a = sx] over | so0e0 vowune NOTE: Zo peso te ph seo gag) presage eto of he et etn. The papel ‘mesure ried eauring pt pea yh i prone ferme eta te | FIGURE 4.1. THEORETICAL AND TEST p/v PLOTS: (GHOWING PRESENCE OF RESIDUAL AIR) 4.6 TEST PRESSURES 4.6.1 Strength test “The miniomum test pressure fora strength test shall be that specified in the test program (see also Clause 47.1). 46.2 Leak test “The pressures fo leak esting shall comply with citer ofthe following: (2) Where the strength testis performed by pressure control, the lak test may be carried ‘out at the strength test pressure (see Clause 4.6.3), (©) Where the strength testis performed by volume/strain contrel, the following shall only (The maximum leak test pressure shall not exceed the pressure equvaleat to a reduction by 8% ofthe strengi test pressure measured at the lowest poi in the {est section, Where the end-point was determined by volume-tain limit, 10% reduction is recommended. (Gi) Pressure surges generated during depressurization shall be allowed t dissipate before commencing the leak test. ‘The minimum pressure at commencement shall be at leas 11 timo the des presse NOTE: The presses given in te (b) above ae itnded te ensure thatthe leak test ‘reaied out above, et clone fo, MAOP so hn snement of ence felts losely othe pipeline serie 46.3 Combined strength and leak test The minizmum 1st pressure for a combined stength an lak test shall be the greater ofthat determined by Clatse 46.1 and Cause 452 @ 47 HOLD PERIOD 474 Strength test, “The hold period ina strength text shall be no les than 2b, Fora buried piping, the hold ‘period shall be considered completed when the calculated rae of pressure change is less {than 1% per hour. The rate of change may be calculated over any convenient time Interv for which reliable valves of pressure changes are oblained. Where the assessment Clase 4.3.1(4 hd determined that yieking is possible, the old period shall not exceed ight hours NOTES, 1 Dering the hold period, te ade volume ecesay tom 84 ofthe eat ton slams, 2 Adod volume rgd for maintenance of presire om account of sin inthe tt ction ‘maybe dntingusbes Hom aed volume reed becuse of leaks the test eton By the pressure should not exceed ee ee o maybe distinguished fom added volume required beeass of leak inthe tet Section by the ‘Shape ofthe pressure docay curve. 472 Leaktest ‘The bold potiod for leak test shall be one ofthe following: (2) Where leaks can be detected visually, the hold period shall be sufficient fora full visual inspection, but ot les than 3h, (®) Where the test section is of small volume, so thatthe pressure sensitivity of the test section to loss of test liquid can he shown to overide the effect of temperature, temperature correlation is not required, and leak detection by pressure measurement ine is acceptable. A hold period of not less than 3h shall be used. The test program ‘hall demonstrate the relative sensitivities im the rate of pressure change in the tes Scion to test liquid loss and temperature. (©) Where leak detection is by correlation of pressure with temperature, the hold period shall be not less than 24h. Where sections ac loag and of large volume, the hold Period shall be of sufficient time to take into account divmal variations and to stablish thermal stability n accordance with Cause 47.3 ‘During the hold period, visible pans ofthe test section shal be inspected for leaks. Readings of test pressure and ambient temperature should be taken at hourly intervals Where the hold period exceeds 3 h. The temperature of the pipeline and/or ground temperature shall be taken atleast $ times during a 24h lek test period. Pressure sll be ploted against pipeline and/or ground temperature and ambient temperature. ‘Account shall be made for any change in pressure due to change in temperature. (@) Whore leaks are detected by other approved methods, the hold period shall be sufficient for leak detection, but not les than 3h, When the hold period is completed, the pressure shall not be raised above the leak test pressure. 4.7.3 Thermal stability for a leak test Where correlation of pressure change with temperature change is used to assess Leak tightness, thermal stability shall be achieved prior 10 commencement of the Teak test “Thermal stability is demonstrated when the rate of change of pipe temperature and the rate of change of ground temperature at adjacent locations do not differ by more than 20% of the temperature equivalent of the allowable unaccountable pressure lose, all expressed in ogres Celsius per hour. ‘Sufficient ime shall be allowed between pipe filling and the commencement of lak testing, tw ensure that thermal stability ean be achieved throughout the leak test period. Assessment of thermal stability is recommended at leak test pressure, 10 avoid potential

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