Unit 4: The Cell Study guide Name: _____________________________

Period: _______
Cell Theory
All living things are made up of __________________
Cells are the basic units of ________________ and ______________ of living things
Living cells come only from other ______________________________

Organization of an organism
Use these words:
Cell
Organism
Atom
Organ system
Tissue
Molecule
Organ

Basic Structures of a cell

All cells share certain structures that make them a cell
All cells must contain at least 3 basic structures to be considered a living cell
–
–
–

TWO TYPES OF CELLS

- Prokaryotes- _________________ contain a nucleus

- Eukaryotes – Do contain a ___________________

Major differences between a PLANT and ANIMAL cells

- Plant cells have a _______________________ – animal cells do not.

- Plant cells have _________________________ – animal cells do not
- Plant cells have a large central ___________________ – animal cells do not

Match the organelles with functions.

_____ 1. makes proteins
a. lysosome
_____ 2. assembles and passes on cell
products, like an assembly line b. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

_____ 3. converts food into energy for the c. golgi apparatus

cell (cellular respiration)
d. mitochondrion
_____ 4. cleans up cell waste and breaks
down materials e. ribosome

_____ 5. acts as shipping and packaging for

the cell
___________________________________ _______________

_____ 6. provides support and protection for f. nucleus

the cell; made of cellulose
g. centriole
_____ 7. Helps cell perform division by
creating spindles. h. chloroplast

_____ 8. controls what enters and leaves the i. cell wall

cell; made of two layers of lipids/ proteins
j. cell membrane
_____ 9. the control center of the cell;
contains DNA

_____ 10. turns solar energy into food for

the cell (photosynthesis)
____________________________________ _______________
_____ 11. membrane enclosed structure
inside of a cell that has a specific function. a. vacuole
Name means “little organ”
b. prokaryote
_____ 12. the jellylike material that fills the
space inside a cell c. eukaryote

_____ 13. cells that do have a nucleus d. organelle

_____ 14. cells that do not have a nucleus e. cytoplasm

_____ 15. Storage area for water, food, etc.

Cellular Movement & Homeostasis

Directions: Fill in the correct letter in the blank that best answers the question. (2 points each)

_________1. The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to low

concentration is called:

a. diffusion b. endocytosis c. exocytosis d. osmosis

________ 2. The movement of water molecules across a membrane is:

a. exocytosis b. endocytosis c. osmosis d. diffusion

________ 3. A substance that moves by passive transport tends to move:

a. away from equilibrium b. away from low concentration c. away from high concentration

________ 4. Cell transport that requires a source of energy is called:

a. active transport b. energetic transport c. passive transport d. osmosis

________ 5. The words describing that a membrane can choose what enters or exits a cell:

a. Selectively Flexible b. Impermeable c. Selectively Permeable

________6. When cells move material to keep a constant and equal internal environment it is:

a. Homeostasis b. equilibrium c. Movement

________7. When cells are in a state where all materials are balanced and equal it is in:

a. Homeostasis b. equilibrium c. Movement

________8. Movement without energy is called:

a. Active b. Stationary c. Passive

Draw a cell that will do diffusion: Draw a cell in equilibrium:

Cellular Nutrition & Energy

____1. Organisms that make their own food A. Chloroplasts

____2. Site of photosynthesis B. Aneorobic

____3. Process occurs in a mitochondrion C. Aerobic

____4. C6H12O6 D. Glucose

____5. Process does not require oxygen E. chlorophyll

____6. Process requires oxygen F. Fermentation

____7. Energy storing molecule G. Respiration

____8. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose H. ATP

and forming lactic acid or alcohol

____ 9. The pigment that traps sunlight I. Autotrophs

____10. Organisms that eat for food J. Heterotrophs

MAKING ENERGY
Photosynthesis: Process where plants use ________________________ for food

__________ + ___________ + ____________ ________ + __________

REMEMBER – PLANTS STILL COMPLETE RESPIRATION!

USING ENERGY
2 types of Cellular Energy processes - Aerobic & Anaerobic

(1) Aerobic Respiration

Requires ___________________________________
Water and CO2 are _____________________ products

___________ + __________  _________ + _____________ + ___________

(2) Anaerobic Fermentation

Does not require _____________

Yeast cells used to make bread

Creates __________________ (makes bread rise), alcohol and ATP OR

Creates __________________ and ATP in other organisms
Cellular Reproduction & Growth
Mitosis (asexual reproduction)
In order for an organism to ___________, the cells must ______________ and create
more cells to add to the organism
Each new cell is a _____________ of the parent cell.

Meiosis (sexual reproduction)

In order for organisms to reproduce sexually they must make _______ cells
Each new cell is a ____________ then the parent cell with ________ the DNA

Put the following stages of cell division in the correct order by adding a number beneath
for which is 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th. Also include the name of the stage below. (8 points)

Number: _____ ______ _______ _______

Name: _______________ _______________ ________________ ____________

1. What are the large X’s in the pictures above called? What are they made of? (2 points)

2. List two ways that Mitosis and Meiosis are different (2 points)

Cellular Response

Cells respond by using proteins to make action. Explain how proteins are made from DNA.