Water is very much essential for life. In the modern society, water fulfils several needs.

Among the
huge list of the usefulness of water, few essential daily needs of humankind are water for drinking,
cooking and bathing.

Water covers two-thirds of the Earth's surface and makes up about 60% of adult's bodies, including
75% of our brains! Each day we need to consume more than two litres of water—through liquids we
drink and foods we eat. Although there's plenty of water around, much of it is either inaccessible or
inconsumable to humans.

Rainwater serves as the best source of this life-saving liquid. But to make it consumable, we need to
filter the water.

Water filtration is a general term that refers to any system or process that is used to filter out
particles and pollutants from water. It doesn't necessarily need to be a purifier to cut. Anything that
removes any amount of particles, sediment, bacteria and just removes the chlorine taste, can be
called water filtration. If it has a filter of any type, it's a filtration system.

Does anyone know that water filtration as a process occurs naturally?

Have you ever thought how do we get water from ponds, wells, tube-wells and rivers?

Nature has its way to sustain life on Earth!!

Today we are going to demonstrate this process:

There are five steps to basic water purification: aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and
disinfection. Aeration adds air to the water. It allows gases trapped in the water to escape and adds
oxygen to the water. Coagulation is the process which allows dirt and other suspended solid
particles to chemically 'stick together'? Into floc (clumps of alum and sediment). During this step, the
water is also clarified or made clear and colourless. Sedimentation is the process that occurs when
gravity pulls the particles of floc to the bottom of the container. So as the water sits undisturbed,
most of the floc settles, preparing the water for the next step. Filtration is the process where
remaining solid particles and floc are separated and removed from the water. Disinfection is the final
step, in which water is chemically treated to remove bacteria and other micro-organisms. These
unseen bacteria can cause severe sickness and even death in humans.

In this experiment, we have demonstrated the first four steps.