Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize for Literature is awarded, according to the will of Swedish
inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel, “to those who, during the
preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind” in
the field of literature. It is conferred by the Swedish Academy in Stockholm.
The table provides a list of winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Nobel Prize winners by category (literature)

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made.
Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can
be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the
gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

year name country* literary area

1901 Sully Prudhomme France poet

1902 Mommsen, Theodor Germany historian

1903 Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Martinius Norway novelist, poet, dramatist

1904 Echegaray y Eizaguirre, José Spain dramatist

Mistral, Frédéric France poet

1905 Sienkiewicz, Henryk Poland novelist

1906 Carducci, Giosuè Italy poet

1907 Kipling, Rudyard U.K. poet, novelist

1908 Eucken, Rudolf Christoph Germany philosopher

1909 Lagerlöf, Selma Sweden novelist

1910 Heyse, Paul Johann Ludwig von Germany poet, novelist, dramatist

1911 Maeterlinck, Maurice Belgium dramatist

1912 Hauptmann, Gerhart Germany dramatist

1913 Tagore, Rabindranath India poet

1915 Rolland, Romain France novelist

1916 Heidenstam, Verner von Sweden poet

 Nobel Prize winners by category (literature)
1917 Gjellerup, Karl Denmark novelist

Pontoppidan, Henrik Denmark novelist

1918 Karlfeldt, Erik Axel (declined) Sweden poet

1919 Spitteler, Carl Switzerland poet, novelist

1920 Hamsun, Knut Norway novelist

1921 France, Anatole France novelist

1922 Benavente y Martínez, Jacinto Spain dramatist

1923 Yeats, William Butler Ireland poet

1924 Reymont, Wladyslaw Stanislaw Poland novelist

1925 Shaw, George Bernard Ireland dramatist

1926 Deledda, Grazia Italy novelist

1927 Bergson, Henri France philosopher

1928 Undset, Sigrid Norway novelist

1929 Mann, Thomas Germany novelist

1930 Lewis, Sinclair U.S. novelist

Karlfeldt, Erik Axel (posthumous
Sweden poet
1931 award)

1932 Galsworthy, John U.K. novelist

1933 Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich U.S.S.R. poet, novelist

1934 Pirandello, Luigi Italy dramatist

1936 O'Neill, Eugene U.S. dramatist

1937 Martin du Gard, Roger France novelist

1938 Buck, Pearl U.S. novelist

1939 Sillanpää, Frans Eemil Finland novelist

1944 Jensen, Johannes V. Denmark novelist

1945 Mistral, Gabriela Chile poet

 Nobel Prize winners by category (literature)
1946 Hesse, Hermann Switzerland novelist

1947 Gide, André France novelist, essayist

1948 Eliot, T.S. U.K. poet, critic

1949 Faulkner, William U.S. novelist

1950 Russell, Bertrand U.K. philosopher

1951 Lagerkvist, Pär Sweden novelist

1952 Mauriac, François France poet, novelist, dramatist

1953 Churchill, Sir Winston U.K. historian, orator

1954 Hemingway, Ernest U.S. novelist

1955 Laxness, Halldór Iceland novelist

1956 Jiménez, Juan Ramón Spain poet

1957 Camus, Albert France novelist, dramatist

Pasternak, Boris
U.S.S.R. novelist, poet
1958 Leonidovich (declined)

1959 Quasimodo, Salvatore Italy poet

1960 Saint-John Perse France poet

1961 Andric, Ivo Yugoslavia novelist

1962 Steinbeck, John U.S. novelist

1963 Seferis, George Greece poet

1964 Sartre, Jean-Paul (declined) France philosopher, dramatist

1965 Sholokhov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich U.S.S.R. novelist

1966 Agnon, S.Y. Israel novelist

Sachs, Nelly Sweden poet

1967 Asturias, Miguel Ángel Guatemala novelist

1968 Kawabata Yasunari Japan novelist

1969 Beckett, Samuel Ireland novelist, dramatist

1970 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isayevich U.S.S.R. novelist

 Nobel Prize winners by category (literature)
1971 Neruda, Pablo Chile poet

1972 Böll, Heinrich West Germany novelist

1973 White, Patrick Australia novelist

1974 Johnson, Eyvind Sweden novelist

Martinson, Harry Sweden novelist, poet

1975 Montale, Eugenio Italy poet

1976 Bellow, Saul U.S. novelist

1977 Aleixandre, Vicente Spain poet

1978 Singer, Isaac Bashevis U.S. novelist

1979 Elytis, Odysseus Greece poet

1980 Milosz, Czeslaw U.S. poet

1981 Canetti, Elias Bulgaria novelist, essayist

novelist, journalist,
García Márquez, Gabriel Colombia
1982 social critic

1983 Golding, Sir William U.K. novelist

1984 Seifert, Jaroslav Czech. poet

1985 Simon, Claude France novelist

1986 Soyinka, Wole Nigeria dramatist, poet

1987 Brodsky, Joseph U.S. poet, essayist

1988 Mahfouz, Naguib Egypt novelist

1989 Cela, Camilo José Spain novelist

1990 Paz, Octavio Mexico poet, essayist

1991 Gordimer, Nadine South Africa novelist

1992 Walcott, Derek St. Lucia poet

1993 Morrison, Toni U.S. novelist

1994 Oe Kenzaburo Japan novelist

1995 Heaney, Seamus Ireland poet

 Nobel Prize winners by category (literature)
1996 Szymborska, Wislawa Poland poet

1997 Fo, Dario Italy dramatist, actor

1998 Saramago, José Portugal novelist

1999 Grass, Günter Germany novelist

2000 Gao Xingjian France novelist, dramatist

2001 Naipaul, Sir V.S. Trinidad novelist

2002 Kertész, Imre Hungary novelist

2003 Coetzee, J.M. South Africa novelist

2004 Jelinek, Elfriede Austria novelist, dramatist

2005 Pinter, Harold U.K. dramatist

2006 Pamuk, Orhan Turkey novelist

2007 Lessing, Doris U.K. novelist

2008 Le Clézio, Jean-Marie Gustave France novelist, essayist

2009 Müller, Herta Germany novelist

2010 Vargas Llosa, Mario Peru novelist, dramatist

2011 Tranströmer, Tomas Sweden poet

novelist, short-story
Mo Yan China
2012 writer

2013 Munro, Alice Canada short-story writer

2014 Modiano, Patrick France novelist

2015 Alexievich, Svetlana Belarus journalist, prose writer

2016 Dylan, Bob U.S. singer, songwriter

2017 Ishiguro, Kazuo U.K. novelist

The Complete List of the Man Booker Winners

Here's the list of Man Booker Prize winners since the 1968 creation of
the award, below:

2016
The Sellout
by Paul Beatty
United States

2015
A Brief History of Seven Killings
by Marlon James
Jamaica

2014
The Narrow Road to the Deep North
by Richard Flanagan
Australia

2013
The Luminaries
by Eleanor Catton
Canada / New Zealand

2012
Bring Up The Bodies
by Hilary Mantel
United Kingdom

2011
The Sense of an Ending
by Julian Barnes
United Kingdom

2010
The Finkler Question
by Howard Jacobson
United Kingdom
2009
Wolf Hall
by Hilary Mantel
United Kingdom

2008
The White Tiger
by Aravind Adiga
India

2007
The Gathering
by Anne Enright
Ireland

2006
The Inheritance of Loss
by Kiran Desai
India

2005
The Sea
by John Banville
Ireland

2004
The Line of Beauty
by Allan Hollinghurst
United Kingdom

2003
Vernon God Little
by DBC Pierre
Australia

2002
Life of Pi
by Yann Martel
Canada

2001
True History of the Kelly Gang
by Peter Carey
Australia

2000
The Blind Assassin
by Margaret Atwood
Canada

1999
Disgrace
by J.M. Coetzee
South Africa

1998
Amsterdam
by Ian McEwan
United Kingdom

1997
The God of Small Things
by Arundhati Roy
India

1996
Last Orders
by Graham Swift
United Kingdom

1995
The Ghost Road
by Pat Barker
United Kingdom

1994
How Late It Was, How Late
by James Kelman
United Kingdom

1993
Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha
by Roddy Doyle
Ireland

1992
Sacred Hunger
by Barry Unsworth
United Kingdom

and*

The English Patient

by Michael Ondaatje
Canada / Sri Lanka

*Current rules stipulate that the prize may not be divided.

1991
The Famished Road
by Ben Okri
Nigeria

1990
Possession
by A. S. Byatt
United Kingdom
1989
The Remains of the Day
by Kazuo Ishiguro
United Kingdom / Japan

1988
Oscar and Lucinda
by Peter Carey
Australia

1987
Moon Tiger
by Penelope Lively
United Kingdom

1986
The Old Devils
by Kingsley Amis
United Kingdom

1985
The Bone People
by Keri Hulme
New Zealand

1984
Hotel du Lac
by Anita Brookner
United Kingdom

1983
Life & Times of Michael K
by J. M. Coetzee
South Africa
1982
Schindler's Ark
by Thomas Keneally
Australia

1981
Midnight's Children
by Salman Rushdie
United Kingdom / India

1980
Rites of Passage
by William Golding
United Kingdom

1979
Offshore
by Penelope Fitzgerald
United Kingdom

1978
The Sea, The Sea
by Iris Murdoch
Ireland / United Kingdom

1977
Staying On
by Paul Scott
United Kingdom

1976
Saville
by David Storey
United Kingdom
1975
Heat and Dust
by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
United Kingdom / Germany

1974
The Conservationist
by Nadine Gordimer
South Africa

and

Holiday
by Stanley Middleton
United Kingdom

1973
The Siege of Krishnapur
by J.G. Farrell
United Kingdom / Ireland

1972
G.
by John Berger
United Kingdom

1971
In a Free State (short story)**
by V. S. Naipaul
United Kingdom / Trinidad and Tobago

**Current Man Booker Prize rules stipulate that, in order to be

considered for the award, the submitted book "must be a unified and
substantial work," effectively making short stories ineligible.
1970***
Troubles
by J. G. Farrell
United Kingdom / Ireland

***Awarded in 2010. Due to an administrative decision that shifted

the Booker Prize eligible publication dates, books published in the
year 1970 were excluded from prize consideration for either the 1970
or the 1971 award. In an attempt to rectify the exclusion, in 2010
twenty-two novels published in 1970 were considered for what was
deemed "The Lost Booker Prize." J. G. Farrell's Troubles was
determined to be the winner, and the prize was awarded
posthumously.

1970
The Elected Member
by Bernice Rubens
United Kingdom

1969
Something to Answer For
by P. H. Newby
United Kingdom
List of poets laureate of Britain
The title of poet laureate was first granted in England in the 17th century for poetic
excellence. The post has become free of specific poetic duties, but its holder remains a
salaried member of the British royal household. The office’s title traces its roots to an ancient
Greek and Roman tradition of honouring achievement with a crown of laurel, a tree sacred to
the god Apollo, who was patron of poets. The tradition of a poet acting in service to a British
sovereign is a long one, but the origins of the modern post can be traced to Ben Jonson, who
was granted a pension by James I in 1616. After 1668 the laureateship was recognized as an
established royal office to be filled automatically when vacant. Until 1999 the position was a
lifetime appointment; Andrew Motion was the first laureate to serve a fixed 10-year term.
This list orders the laureates chronologically, from the first to the most recent. (See also list
of poets laureate of the United States.)

 John Dryden (1668–89)

 Thomas Shadwell (1689–92)
 Nahum Tate (1692–1715)
 Nicholas Rowe (1715–18)
 Laurence Eusden (1718–30)
 Colley Cibber (1730–57)
 William Whitehead (1757–85)
 Thomas Warton (1785–90)
 Henry James Pye (1790–1813)
 Robert Southey (1813–43)
 William Wordsworth (1843–50)
 Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1850–92)
 Alfred Austin (1896–1913)
 Robert Bridges (1913–30)
 John Masefield (1930–67)
 Cecil Day-Lewis (1968–72)
 Sir John Betjeman (1972–84)
 Ted Hughes (1984–98)
 Andrew Motion (1999–2009)
 Carol Ann Duffy (2009– )
 Periods in English history

Prehistoric Britain until c. 43

Roman Britain c. 43–410

Anglo-Saxon c. 500–1066

Norman 1066–1154

Plantagenet 1154–1485

Tudor 1485–1603

Elizabethan 1558–1603
Stuart 1603–1714

Jacobean 1603–1625

Caroline 1625–1649

(Interregnum) 1649–1660

Restoration 1660–1714
Georgian 1714–1837

Regency 1811–1837
Victorian 1837–1901

Edwardian 1901–1914

First World War 1914–1918

Interwar Britain 1918–1939

Second World War 1939–1945

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction

2000
Interpreter of Maladies, by Jhumpa Lahiri (Mariner Books/Houghton
Mifflin)

1995
The Stone Diaries, by Carol Shields (Viking)

1991
Rabbit At Rest, by John Updike (Alfred A. Knopf)

1988
Beloved, by Toni Morrison (Alfred A. Knopf)

1983
The Color Purple, by Alice Walker (Harcourt Brace)

1982
Rabbit Is Rich, by John Updike (Knopf)

1967
The Fixer, by Bernard Malamud (Farrar)
1961
To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee (Lippincott)

1953
The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway (Scribner)

Pulitzer Prize for Drama

1979
Buried Child, by Sam Shepard

1957
Long Day's Journey Into Night, by Eugene O'Neill

1955
Cat on A Hot Tin Roof, by Tennessee Williams

1949
Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller

1948
A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams