Laporan 3e Lampiran Perhitungan New

Pra-Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Triacetin dari Gliserol
LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN PENGOLAHAN AIR
Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018
Made By Checked By Approved

1. Muhammad Alfin K 1. Muhammad Alfin K
2. Muhammad Eri Malindo 2. Muhammad Eri Malindo
3. Nazsha Nayyazsha N 3. Nazsha Nayyazsha N
4. Pratiwi Destinefa 4. Pratiwi Destinefa
5. Priscilla Vidya Merarin 5. Priscilla Vidya Merarin
LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama Alat Bak Penampung Air Sungai Kode
Fungsi Menampung Air Sungai Dan
Mengendapkan Beberapa Pengotor Yang
BP-01
Ada Didalamnya
Jenis Alat Bak Persegi Tanpa Tutup
Data Perhitungan
Densitas air, ρair = 997,08 kg/m3 = 62,25 lb/ft3
Viskositas air, μair = 0,8937 cP = 6,01 × 10-4 lb/ft.s
Laju alir air, F = 2.324.117,45 kg/jam = 1.423,27 lb/s
Waktu tinggal = 6 jam
Over design = 10%
Perhitungan Dimensi Bak

Laju Alir Volumetrik Air
𝐹 2.324.117,45 kg/jam
𝑄=𝜌= = 2.330,92 𝑚3 /𝑗𝑎𝑚
997,08 kg/m3
Volume Bak Penampungan

V = Q×t = 2.330,92 m3/jam × 6 jam = 13.985,52 m3
Fakor Koreksi Volume Bak
V = 1,1 × 13.985,5 m3 = 15.384,05 m3
Rasio Dimensi Bak Yang Diasumsikan
P:L:T=7:5:1
Tinggi Bak = H
V = 7H × 5H × H = 35H3
H = 7,5 m

P = 7 × 7,5 m = 52,5 m
L = 5 × 7,5 m = 37,5 m

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama Alat Pompa Air Sungai Kode
Fungsi Mengalirkan Air Sungai Ke Bak
Penampungan Air Sungai P-01
Tipe Pompa Sentrifugal
Data Perancangan
Temperatur Air, Tair = 30ºC
Densitas Air, Ρair = 997,08 kg/m3 = 62,25 lb/ft3
Viskositas Air, Μair = 0,89 cP = 6,01 × 10-4 lb/ft.s
Laju Alir Air, F = 2.324.117,45 kg/jam = 1.423,27 lb/s
Over Design = 10% (Peter et al, 2003)
Konsep Perancangan
Kapasitas Pemompaan : 1,1 x 1.423,27 lb/s = 1.565,597 lb/s
Laju Volumetrik Cairan Melewati Pompa,
𝐹 1.423,27 lb/s
𝑄=𝜌= = 22,86 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑠
62,25 lb/ft3
Perhitungan Diameter Optimum (Diopt),

Asumsi : Aliran Turbulen, Menggunakan Rumus:
𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑡 = 3,9𝑄 0,45 𝜌0,13 (Peter et al, 2003)
lb 0,13
𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑡 = 3,9(22,86 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑠)0,45 (62,25 ft3 )
𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑡 = 27,83 𝑖𝑛

Diambil Standarnya 30 In, Maka Spesifikasi (Serth dan Lestina, 2014):

Schedule = 20
OD = 30 in = 2,5 ft
ID = 29 in = 2,42 ft = 0,74 m
At = 7,85 ft2
Kecepatan Linear Aliran :

𝑄 22,86 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑠
𝑣 = 𝐴𝑡 = = 2,91 𝑓𝑡/𝑠
7,854 ft2
Bilangan Reynolds Melalui Pipa :

𝑓𝑡 lb
𝐼𝐷𝑣𝜌 (2,4167 ft)(2,91 )(62,25 3 )
𝑠 ft
𝑁𝑅𝑒 = = = 7.284.179
𝜇 6,01 × 10−4 lb/ft.s
NRe > 2100 (Asumsi Aliran Turbulen Benar)
Friction Losses Aliran Fluida

Friksi Di Pipa Lurus Dan Fittling & Valve (Geankoplis, Hal. 93, Tabel 2.10.1)
Tipe Fittling & Valve Jumlah Nilai Kf Total Kf
Elbow 90˚ 3 0,75 2,25
Gate valve, wide open 1 0,17 0,17
Check valve, swing 1 2 2
Tee 20 1 20
Total 24,42
ε = 4,6 × 10-4 m (Commersial Steel, Geankoplis Hal. 88, Fig.2.10-3)

ε/D = 4,6 × 10-4 m/0,74 m = 0,00062
f = 0,004 (Geankoplis, Hal. 88, Fig.2.10-3)
Pipa Le = 100 m = 328,08 ft

Friction Due To Flow Through Pipe:

4𝑓𝑣 2 𝐿𝑒 4𝑓(0,004)(2,91)2 (328,08) 𝑓𝑡
𝐹𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑎 𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢𝑠 = = = 0,24 𝑙𝑏𝑓 . 𝑙𝑏
2𝑔𝑐 𝐷 2(32,174)(2,4167) 𝑚
𝑘𝑓 v 2 (24.42) (2,91)2 𝑓𝑡
hf = = = 3,21 𝑙𝑏𝑓 . 𝑙𝑏
2 gc 2 (32,174) 𝑚
Total Friksi dipipa lurus, Ff = Ff + hf = (0,24+ 3,21) ft.lbf/lbm = 3,45 ft.lbf/lbm

Penentuan Daya Pompa
Persamaan Bernoulli :
v 2
Ws   zg  ( Pv)   F
2
Asumsi :
V1 = V2 → ∆V = 0
P1 = P2 = 1 atm → ∆P = 0
Z1 = 0 m
Z2 = 7,5 m = 24,61 ft
∆Z = 7,5 m = 24,61 ft

Maka,
∆𝑣 2
𝑊𝑠 = ( + ∆𝑧𝑔 + ∆𝑃𝑣) + ∑ 𝐹 = 0 + (24,61)(32,17) + 3,45
2𝛼
𝑓𝑡
𝑊𝑠 = 795,15 𝑙𝑏𝑓 . 𝑙𝑏
𝑚
Daya Pompa, Break Horse Power (BHP) :

−𝑊𝑠 𝑄𝜌 −(795,15)(22,86)(62,25)
𝐵𝐻𝑃 = =
550𝜂 550𝜂
Diasumsikan efisiensi pompa maksimum η =80%
(Peter & Timmerhaus, Hal. 510, Tabel.12-4)
Maka,
−(795,15)(22,86)(62,25)
𝐵𝐻𝑃 = = 38.424,65 ℎ𝑝 = 28.288,16 𝑘𝑊
550×80%
Daya motor, P :
𝐵𝐻𝑃
𝑃=
𝜂𝑚
Diperoleh ηm = 80% (Peter & Timmerhaus, Hal. 510, Tabel.12-4)
Maka,
𝐵𝐻𝑃 28.288,16 𝑘𝑊
𝑃= = = 35.360,02 𝑘𝑊 = 47,399,49 ℎ𝑝
𝜂𝑚 80%

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama Alat Tangki Pelarutan Alumunium Sulfat Kode
Fungsi Tempat Melarutkan Al2(SO4)3
Jenis Alat Tangki Silinder Tegak Dilengkapi
TP-01
Pengaduk Dan Tutup Atas Berjenis
Torispherical Dan Bawah Plat
Data Perancangan
Temperatur, Tair = 30ºC
Densitas, ρ = 997,08 kg/m3
Viskositas Air, μ = 0,00080 kg/m.s
Densitas Al2(SO4)3, ρ = 1.363,1 kg/m3
Viskositas Al2(SO4)3, μ = 0,00042 kg/m.s
Densitas Campuran, Ρ = 1.106,89 kg/m3
Viskositas Campuran, μ = 0,00069 kg/m.s
Laju Alir Air,F = 2.324.117,45 kg/jam
Waktu Tinggal = 3 jam
Perhitungan Dimensi Tangki

Laju alir massa, F = 50 ppm × 2.324.117,45 kg/jam = 11,62 kg/jam
Pemakaian Al2(SO4)3 terhadap jumlah air yang akan diolah adalah 50 ppm/kg
Air = 50 mg/L = 50 g/m3 (Nalco, 2007).
1. Volume Tangki
Al2(SO4)3 yang digunakan = 50 ppm
Al2(SO4)3 yang digunakan berupa larutan 30% (w/w)
Laju massa Al2(SO4)3 = 11,62 kg/jam

(11,62 kg/jam)(3 jam)

Volume larutan (V1) = = 0,085 𝑚3
30% x 1.363,1 kg/𝑚3
Over design = 10%

Volume tangki = 1,1 × 0,085 𝑚3 = 0,093 𝑚3
2. Diameter dan Tebal Tangki
Volume Silinder Tangki (Vs)
πHsDi2
Vs = (Brownell and Young, 1959)
4
Dimana:
Di = Diameter Dalam Silinder (ft)
Hs = Tinggi Tangki Silinder (ft)
Ditetapkan Perbandingan Tinggi Tangki Dengan Diameter Tangki
Hs : Di =3:1
π(3/1𝐷𝑖)Di2
0,090 𝑚3 = 4
𝐷𝑖 3 = 0,038 𝑚3
Di = 0,34 m = 13,26 in
Hs = 3 Di = 3 × 0,34 m = 1,01 m = 39,77 in
Tinggi Cairan Dalam Tangki
Volume Silinder = 0,090 m3
Volume Cairan = 0,082 m3
Tinggi Silinder = 1,01 m
volume cairan x tinggi silinder
Tinggi Cairan Dalam Tangki = volume silinder
(0,082 𝑚3 )(1,01 m)
= 0,090 𝑚3
= 0,92 m
P hidrostatis = ρgHc
= (1.363,1 kg/m3) x (9,8 m/s2) x (0,92 m)

= 12.248,03 N/m2
= 1,22 Psi
Faktor Keamanan Untuk Tekanan = 10%
P design = 1,1 x (1,22 Psi + 14,7 Psi)
= 17,52 Psi
3. Direncanakan Digunakan Bahan Konstruksi Plate Steel SA-167, Tipe

304
Dari Brownell & Young, item 4, Appendix D halaman 342, 1979, Diperoleh Data:
Allowable Working Stress (s) = 18.750 Psi
Efisiensi Sambungan (E) = 0,8
Faktor Korosi C = 0,125 in (Perry, 1984)
n = 10 tahun
Tebal Dinding Tangki, tt

PR
t Design = SEj − 0,6P + Cc (Timmerhaus, 1991)
38,24in
(17,52 Psi)( )
2
= (18.750 Psi x 0,8) − 0,6(17,52 + 0,125
Psi)
= 0,13 in
Dari Tabel 5.4 Halaman 87 Brownell And Young, 1979, Dipilih Tebal Tangki
Standar 3/16 In.
4. Perhitungan Tebal Head (th)

Perhitungan OD :
OD = ID +2 ts
= 13,26 in + (2 x 0,13 in)

= 13,52 in
Dipilih OD = 14 in, (Tabel 5.7 Halaman 89, Brownell And Young, 1959), Maka
Diperoleh Nilai:
irc = 0,875 in
rc = 14 in
0,885 x P x rc
th = (S x E)−(0,1 x P +c
design )
0,885 x 17,52 Psi x 14 in

= (18.750 Psi x 0,8)−(0,1 x 17,52 Psi) + 0,125 𝑖𝑛
= 0,14 in
Jadi Dipilih Tebal Head, th = 3/16 in (Halaman 88 Brownell and Young, 1959).
5. Perhitungan Tinggi Head (Th)

Data Perancangan:
𝐼𝐷 13,26 in
𝑟= = = 6,63 𝑖𝑛
2 2
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟 − 𝑖𝑟𝑐 = 6,63 𝑖𝑛 − 0,875 𝑖𝑛 = 5,75 𝑖𝑛

𝐵𝐶 = 𝑟 − 𝑖𝑟𝑐 = 14 𝑖𝑛 − 0,875 𝑖𝑛 = 13,13 𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝐶 = √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2 = √(13,13 𝑖𝑛 )2 − (5,75 𝑖𝑛)2 = √139,17 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴𝐶 = 11,80 𝑖𝑛
𝑏 = 𝑟𝑐 − 𝐴𝐶 = 14 𝑖𝑛 − 11,80 𝑖𝑛 = 2,20 𝑖𝑛
Dipilih Nilai Untuk sf = 2 in
Jadi, th = ts + b + sf
= 0,13 in + 2,20 in + 2 in
= 4,34 in
6. Perhitungan Tinggi Tangki Seluruhnya, T

T = ID + th + OD

= 13,26 in + 4,34 in + 13,52 in

= 31,11 in = 0,79 m
7. Perhitungan Dimensi Pengaduk

Direncanakan Menggunakan Pengaduk Tipe Turbin Berdaun Enam,
Dilengkapi Dengan 4 Baffle. Bahan Konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-285 Grade C.
Diambil Standar Design: ( Tabel 3.4-1, Halaman 144, Geankoplis 1997).
Standar Design:
Da/Dt = 0,5
W/Da = 0,2
J/Dt = 0,083
L/Da = 0,25
C/Dt = 0,33
Dd/Da = 0,67
Dimana:
W = Diameter Pengaduk
L = Lebar Pengaduk
C = Tinggi Dasar Tangki ke Pengaduk
Dt = Diameter Tangki dan Dd = Diameter Batang Daun Pengaduk
Diperoleh:
Da = ID x (Da/Dt)
= 0,34 m x (0,5)
= 0,17 m = 6,63 in
W = 0,2 x 6,63 in
= 1,33 in

J = D x (J/Dt)
= 6,63 in x 0,083
= 0,55 in
L = Da x 0.25
= 19,1174 in x 0,25
= 4,7793 in
C = D x (C/Dt)
= 6,63 in x 0,33
= 2,21 in
Dd = Da x (Dd/Da)
= 6,63 in x 0,67
= 4,42 in
8. Perhitungan Daya Motor Pengaduk
1. Kecepatan Supervisial
V = 0,5 ft/s = 0,15 m/s
Bilangan reynold, NRe: (Gambar 2.10-3, Geankoplis, 1997).
Da2 vρ
NRe = μ
(0,34 m)2 (0,15)(1.106,88 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3)

= 0,00069 𝑘𝑔/𝑚.𝑠
= 6.958,56
2. Kecepatan Pengadukan
𝑁𝑅𝑒 𝑥 𝜇 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
N = 𝐷𝑎 𝑥 𝜌 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
6.958,56𝑥 0,00069
= 0,17 𝑥 1.106,88
= 0,003 rps = 1,54 rpm

3. P (Pengadukan)
Dari (Gambar 3.4-4,Halaman 145, Geankoplis 1997), Berdasarkan Nre, Maka
Diperoleh Np (Daya Bilangan) = 4,5
Daya Pengadukan = Np x ρ campuran x N3 x Da5

= 4,5 x 1.106,89 x 0,0263 x 0,345
= 1,1× 10-5 J/s = 1,5 × 10-8 hp
Efisiensi Motor Pengaduk = 80%
1,5 × 10−8 hp
Daya Pengaduk = = 1,9 × 10−8 ℎ𝑝
80%

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama Alat Tangki Pelarutan Natrium Karbonat Kode
Fungsi Tempat Melarutkan Na2CO3
Jenis Alat Tangki Silinder Tegak Dilengkapi
TP-02
Pengaduk Dan Tutup Atas Berjenis
Torispherical Dan Bawah Plat
Data Perancangan
Temperatur, Tair = 30ºC
Densitas, ρ = 997,08 kg/m3
Densitas Na2CO3, ρ = 1.327,4 kg/m3
Densitas Campuran, ρ = 1.077,52 kg/m3
Viskositas Na2CO3, μ = 0,0010 kg/m.s
Laju Alir Air,F = 2.324.117,45 kg/jam
Waktu tinggal = 3 jam
Perhitungan Dimensi Tangki

Laju Alir Massa, F = 27 ppm × 2.324.117,45 kg/jam = 6,27 kg/jam
Pemakaian Na2CO3 Terhadap Jumlah Air yang akan Diolah Adalah 27 ppm/kg
Air = 50 mg/L = 50 g/m3 (Nalco, 2007).
1. Volume Tangki
Na2CO3 yang digunakan = 27 ppm
Na2CO3 yang digunakan berupa larutan 30% (w/w)
Laju massa Na2CO3 = 6,27 kg/jam
(6,27 kg/jam)(3 jam)
Volume Larutan (V1) = = 0,047 𝑚3
30% x 1.327,4 kg/𝑚3

Over Design = 10%

Volume Tangki = 1,1 × 0,047 𝑚3 = 0,052 𝑚3
2. Diameter dan Tebal Tangki

Volume Silinder Tangki (Vs)
πHsDi2
Vs = (Brownell and Young, 1959)
4
Dimana:
Di = Diameter Dalam Silinder (ft)
Hs = Tinggi Tangki Silinder (ft)
Ditetapkan Perbandingan Tinggi Tangki Dengan Diameter Tangki
Hs : Di =3:1
π(3/1𝐷𝑖)Di2
0,052 𝑚3 = 4
𝐷𝑖 3 = 0,021𝑚3
Di = 0,28 m = 10,88 in
Hs = 3 Di = 3 × 0,28 m = 0,83 m = 32,65 in
Tinggi Cairan Dalam Tangki
Volume Silinder = 0,052 m3
Volume Cairan = 0,047 m3
Tinggi Silinder = 0,83 m
volume cairan x tinggi silinder
Tinggi Cairan Dalam Tangki = volume silinder
(0,047 𝑚3 )(0,83 m)
= 0,052 𝑚3
= 0,75 m
P Hidrostatis = ρgHc
= (1.363,1 kg/m3) x (9,8 m/s2) x (0,75 m)
= 9.808,56 N/m2

= 0,98 Psi
Faktor Keamanan untuk Tekanan = 10%
P Design = 1,1 x (0,98 Psi + 14,7 Psi)
= 17,25 Psi
3. Direncanakan Digunakan Bahan Konstruksi Plate Steel SA-167, Tipe

304
Dari Brownell & Young, Item 4, Appendix D Halaman 342, 1979, Diperoleh Data:
Allowable Working Stress (s) = 18.750 Psi
Efisiensi Sambungan (E) = 0,8
Faktor Korosi C = 0,125 in (Perry, 1984)
n = 10 tahun
Tebal dinding tangki, tt

PR
t Design = + Cc (Timmerhaus, 1991)
SEj − 0,6P
10,88 in
(17,25 Psi)( )
2
= (18.750 Psi x 0,8) − 0,6(17,25 + 0,125
Psi)
= 0,13 in
Dari Tabel 5.4 Halaman 87 Brownell And Young, 1979, Dipilih Tebal Tangki
Standar 3/16 in.
4. Perhitungan Tebal Head (th)

Perhtungan OD
OD = ID +2 ts
= 10,88 in + (2 x 0,13 in)
= 11,15 in

Dipilih OD = 12 in, (Tabel 5.7 Halaman 89, Brownell And Young, 1959), Maka
Diperoleh Nilai:
irc = 0,75 I n
rc = 12 in
0,885 x P x rc
th = (S x E)−(0,1 x P +c
design )
0,885 x 17,25 Psi x 12 in

= + 0,125 𝑖𝑛
(18.750 Psi x 0,8)−(0,1 x 17,25 Psi)
= 0,14 in
Jadi Dipilih Tebal Head, th = 3/16 in (Halaman 88 Brownell And Young, 1959).
5. Perhitungan Tinggi Head (Th)

Data Perancangan:
𝐼𝐷 10,88 in
𝑟= = = 5,44 𝑖𝑛
2 2
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟 − 𝑖𝑟𝑐 = 5,44 𝑖𝑛 − 0,75 𝑖𝑛 = 4,69 𝑖𝑛

𝐵𝐶 = 𝑟𝑐 − 𝑖𝑟𝑐 = 12 𝑖𝑛 − 0,75 𝑖𝑛 = 11,25 𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝐶 = √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2 = √(11,25 𝑖𝑛 )2 − (4,69 𝑖𝑛)2 = √104,54 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴𝐶 = 10,22 𝑖𝑛
𝑏 = 𝑟𝑐 − 𝐴𝐶 = 12 𝑖𝑛 − 10,22 𝑖𝑛 = 1,78 𝑖𝑛
Dipilih nilai untuk sf = 2 in
Jadi, th = ts + b + sf
= 0,13 in + 1,78 in + 2 in
= 3,91 in
6. Perhitungan Tinggi Tangki Seluruhnya, T

T = ID + th + OD
= 10,88 in + 3,91 in + 11,15 in

= 25,94 in = 0,66 m
7. Perhitungan Dimensi Pengaduk

Direncanakan Menggunakan Pengaduk Tipe Turbin Berdaun Enam,
Dilengkapi Dengan 4 Baffle. Bahan Konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-285 Grade C.
Diambil Standar Design: ( Tabel 3.4-1, Halaman 144, Geankoplis 1997).
Standar Design :
Da/Dt = 0,5
W/Da = 0,2
J/Dt = 0,083
L/Da = 0,25
C/Dt = 0,33
Dd/Da = 0,67
Dimana:
W = Diameter Pengaduk
L = Lebar Pengaduk
C = Tinggi Dasar Tangki Ke Pengaduk
Dt = Diameter Tangki Dan Dd = Diameter Batang Daun Pengaduk
Diperoleh:
Da = ID x (Da/Dt)
= 0,28 m x (0,5)
= 0,14 m = 5,44 in
W = 0,2 x 5,44 in
= 1,09 in
J = D x (J/Dt)
= 5,44 in x 0,083
= 0,45 in

L = Da x 0.25
= 5,44 in x 0,25
= 1,36 in
C = D x (C/Dt)
= 5,44 in x 0,33
= 1,81 in
Dd = Da x (Dd/Da)
= 5,44 in x 0,67
= 3,63 in
8. Perhitungan Daya Motor Pengaduk

a. Kecepatan Supervisial
V = 0,5 ft/s = 0,15 m/s
Bilangan Reynold, NRe: (Gambar 2.10-3, Geankoplis, 1997).
Da2 vρ
NRe =
μ
𝑚
(0,14 m)(0,15 )(1.106,89𝑘𝑔/𝑚3)
𝑠
= 0,00069 𝑘𝑔/𝑚.𝑠
= 57,24
b. Kecepatan Pengadukan
𝑁𝑅𝑒 𝑥 𝜇 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
N = 𝐷𝑎 𝑥 𝜌 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
57,24𝑥 0,00069
= 0,14 𝑥 1.077,52
= 0,021 rps = 1,26 rpm

c. P (Pengadukan)
Dari (Gambar 3.4-4, Halaman 145, Geankoplis 1997), Berdasarkan NRe, Maka
Diperoleh Np (Daya Bilangan) = 4

Daya Pengadukan = Np x ρ campuran x N3 x Da5

= 4 x 1.077,52 x 0,0213 x 0,285
= 2,1 × 10-6 J/s = 2,8 × 10-9 hp
Efisiensi Motor Pengaduk = 80%
2,8×10−9 hp
Daya Pengaduk = = 3,5 × 10−9 ℎ𝑝
80%

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama alat Tangki Clarifier Kode
Fungsi Tempat Flokulasi Partikel Terlarut CF-01
Bentuk Solid Contact Dengan Bagian Bawah Berbentuk Konis
Tangki Clarifier
Tangki Berbentuk Solid Contact. Tutup Bawah Berupa Chonical.
Data perhitungan:
Temperatur, T = 30oC
Densitas Air, ρ = 997,08 kg/m3
Laju Alir Air, F = 2.324.117,45 kg/jam
Densitas Na2CO3, ρ = 1.327,4 kg/m3
Laju Alir Na2CO3 = 6,27 kg/jam
Densitas Al2(SO4)3, ρ = 1.363,1 kg/m3
Laju Alir Al2(SO4)3 = 11,62 kg/jam
Waktu Tinggal = 2 jam
Langkah-Langkah Perhitungan:
1. Perhitungan Volume Total
a. Volume Air
𝑘𝑔
2.324.117,45 𝑥 2 𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volume Air = 𝑘𝑔
997,08 3
𝑚
= 4.661,847 m3
b. Volume Alumina
𝑘𝑔
11,62 𝑥 2 𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volume Alumina = 𝑘𝑔
1.363,1 3
𝑚

= 0,017 m3
c. Volume Natrium
𝑘𝑔
6,27 𝑥 2 𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volume Natrium = 𝑘𝑔
1.327,4 3
𝑚
= 0,0094 m3
d. Volume Total
Volume Total = Volume Air + Volume Alumina + Volume Natrium
= 4.661,84 m3 + 0,017 m3 + 0,0094 m3
= 4.661,86 m3
2. Perhitungan Volume Total Overdesign
Overdesign 10%
Volume Clarifier Overdesign = 1,1 X Volume Total
= 1,1 x 4.661,86 m3
= 5.128,04 m3
3. Perhitungan Volume Head Conis, Hc

Volume Head Conis. Diketahui Dengan Tutup Conis, Maka α = 30o, tg α
=0,5774
d = 1/12D
d = 0,083D
0,262 𝑥 𝑡𝑔 𝛼
Volume Head Conis = x (D3 – d3)
2
0,262 𝑥 0,5774
= x (D3 – 0,083D3)
2
= 0,076 (D3 – 0,083D3)

= 0,069D3
𝐷− 0,83𝐷
Hc = × 𝑡𝑔 ∝
2

𝐷− 0,83𝐷
= × 0,58
2
= 0,27D
4. Perhitungan Volume Shell Silinder, Vs

𝜋
Volume Silinder = 4 x D2 x H
𝜋
= x D2 x D
4
= 0,78D3
5. Perhitungan Clarifier Tangki, Vc

Volume Clarifier = Volume Silinder + Volume Head Conis
= 0,78D3 + 0,27D
= 1,05D3
6. Perhitungan Diameter Tangki, D
Volume Clarifier = 1,048D3
4.912,1648 m3 = 1,048D3
D3 = 4.688,75 m3
D = 16,74 m
7. Perhitungan Tinggi Total Clarifier

a. Tinggi Shell Silinder, Hs
Hs =Dx1
= 16,74 m x 1
= 16,74 m
b. Tinggi Head Conis, Hc
Hc = 0,27D
= 0,27 x 16,74 m

= 4,43 m
c. Tinggi Total Clarifier
Tinggi Total Clarifier = Tinggi Shell Silinder + Tinggi Head Conis
= 16,74 m + 4,43 m
= 21,17 m
Jumlah Tangki Clarifier Yang Digunakan Adalah 1 Tangki Clarifier.


Laporan 3e Lampiran Perhitungan New

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Laporan 3e Lampiran Perhitungan New

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pra-Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Triacetin dari Gliserol

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

Perhitungan Dimensi Bak

Volume Bak Penampungan

Made By Checked By Approved

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

Perhitungan Diameter Optimum (Diopt),

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

Diambil Standarnya 30 In, Maka Spesifikasi (Serth dan Lestina, 2014):

Kecepatan Linear Aliran :

Bilangan Reynolds Melalui Pipa :

NRe > 2100 (Asumsi Aliran Turbulen Benar)

Friction Losses Aliran Fluida

ε = 4,6 × 10-4 m (Commersial Steel, Geankoplis Hal. 88, Fig.2.10-3)

Made By Checked By Approved

Friction Due To Flow Through Pipe:

Total Friksi dipipa lurus, Ff = Ff + hf = (0,24+ 3,21) ft.lbf/lbm = 3,45 ft.lbf/lbm

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

Daya Pompa, Break Horse Power (BHP) :

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

Perhitungan Dimensi Tangki

Made By Checked By Approved

(11,62 kg/jam)(3 jam)

Over design = 10%

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

3. Direncanakan Digunakan Bahan Konstruksi Plate Steel SA-167, Tipe

Tebal Dinding Tangki, tt

4. Perhitungan Tebal Head (th)

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

0,885 x 17,52 Psi x 14 in

5. Perhitungan Tinggi Head (Th)

𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟 − 𝑖𝑟𝑐 = 6,63 𝑖𝑛 − 0,875 𝑖𝑛 = 5,75 𝑖𝑛

𝐴𝐶 = √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2 = √(13,13 𝑖𝑛 )2 − (5,75 𝑖𝑛)2 = √139,17 𝑖𝑛2

6. Perhitungan Tinggi Tangki Seluruhnya, T

Made By Checked By Approved

= 13,26 in + 4,34 in + 13,52 in

7. Perhitungan Dimensi Pengaduk

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

(0,34 m)2 (0,15)(1.106,88 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3)

= 0,003 rps = 1,54 rpm

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

Daya Pengadukan = Np x ρ campuran x N3 x Da5

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

Perhitungan Dimensi Tangki

Made By Checked By Approved

Over Design = 10%

2. Diameter dan Tebal Tangki

Made By Checked By Approved

3. Direncanakan Digunakan Bahan Konstruksi Plate Steel SA-167, Tipe

Tebal dinding tangki, tt

4. Perhitungan Tebal Head (th)

Kelompok V Semester Ganjil 2017/2018

Made By Checked By Approved

0,885 x 17,25 Psi x 12 in