1-109 A pressure cooker cooks a lot faster than an ordit pan by maintaining a higher pressure and temperature The lid of a pressure cooker is well sealed, and steam can escape only through an opening in the middle of the lid. A sepa- rate metal piece, the petcock, sits on top of this opening and pre- vents steam from escaping until the pressure force overcomes the weight of the petcock. The periodic escape of the steam in this manner prevents any potentially dangerous pressure buildup and keeps the pressure inside at a constant value. Determine the mass of the petcock of a pressure cooker whose operation pre ure is 100 kPa gage and has an opening cross-sectional area of 4 mm?, Assume an atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa, and draw the free-body diagram of the petcock. Answer: 40.8 ¢ Pag = 1OL KPa, 2-10 At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at 10 m/s. Determine the mechanical energy of air per unit mass and the power generation potential of a wind turbine with 60-m-diameter blades at that location, Take the air density to be 1.25 kg/m’, 2-14 Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an average velocity of 3 nvs at a rate of 500 m/s at a location 90 m above the lake surface. Determine the total mechanical energy of the river water per unit mass and the power genera- tion potential of the entire river at that location. River —> 3 mvs @& Commlcte this table for HO: P, kPa mi/kg___ Phase description 7.72 400 - Saturated vapor 250500 i10___350 3-34 One kilogram of water fills a 0.1546-m* weighted pis- ton-cylinder device at a temperature of 350°C. The piston- cylinder device is now cooled until its temperature is 100°C. Determine the final pressure of water, in kPa, and the vol- ume, in m®, Answers: 1.8 MPa, 0.001043 m? 3472. A I-m? tank containing air at 25°C and 500 kPa is connected through a valve to another tank containing 5 kg of air at 35°C and 200 kPa. Now the valve is opened, and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 20°C. Determine the volume of the second tank and the final equilibrium pressure of ai. Answers: 2.21 m8, 284.1 kPa 3477 The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the tem- perature of the air in the tire. When the air temperature is 25°C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the tire is 0.025 m®, determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the tire rises (0 50°C. Also, determine the amount of air that must be bled off to restore pressure to its original value at this temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.