CHICAGO AUTHOR-DATE

(16th edition) REFERENCING

Last updated March 2011
This guide is primarily for students doing assignments at Curtin University.
It is not for those publishing using the Chicago Author-Date style. For those publishing
in the Chicago Author-Date style, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style:
The Chicago Manual of Style. 2010. 16th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
The Chicago Manual of Style Online (16th ed.) is also available via Databases link on the Library’s
home page.

The Chicago referencing style has two basic systems of documentation. There is the humanities style (which can
also be known as the footnote and endnote or the notes and bibliography style), as well as the author-date
style. This guide follows the author-date system of referencing. This involves citations within the text corresponding
to a full bibliographic entry in the reference list at the end of the document. The in-text citations include the author‘s
last name, followed by the date of publication in parentheses. The bibliographic entry in the reference list includes all
the other necessary publication information.

When using EndNote, it is recommended that the style system to use is Chicago 16th B Curtin
It is very important that you check your department or school's assignment guide as some details,
eg. punctuation, may vary from the guidelines on this page. You may be penalised for not
conforming to your school's requirements.

What is Referencing?
Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used
in your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as
ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works must be referenced.

There are many acceptable forms of referencing. This information sheet provides a brief guide to the Chicago
Author-Date referencing style. Within the text of the assignment the author‘s name is given first, followed by the
publication date. A reference list at the end of the assignment contains the full details of all the in-text citations.

Why Reference?
Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and read
more fully the cited author‘s arguments.

Steps Involved in Referencing

1. Note down the full bibliographic details including the page number(s) from which the information is taken.

In the case of a book, ‗bibliographical details‘ refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume
number, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title page. (Not all of these
details will necessarily be applicable).

In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of
the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers.

For all electronic information, in addition to the above you should note the date that you accessed the
information, and database name or web address (URL).

2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below).

3. Provide a reference list at the end of the document (see examples below).

1
In-Text Citations
Use the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text of an
assignment.

Where authors of different references have the same family name, include the author‘s personal name or initials
in the in-text citation i.e.(Anderson, John 2008) or John Anderson (2008). If two or more authors are cited at the
same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon e.g. (Brown
1991; Smith 2003). They are presented alphabetically by author.

When directly quoting from another source, the relevant page number must be given and quotation marks
placed around the quote. It is not necessary to include the page number when paraphrasing or referring to an
idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text.

What is a Reference List? You can view an example of a Reference List using the Chicago Author-date
referencing style

1. A reference list includes books, chapters, journal articles etc that you cite in the text of your essay.
2. A bibliography is a list of relevant sources for background or for further reading.
3. The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author – at the end of your essay..
4. Where an item has no author it is cited and listed by its title.
5. The Chicago Author-Date referencing style requires the second and subsequent lines of the reference to be
indented.

What is a Reference/Citation?
A reference or citation consists of elements that allow the reader to trace the original book, article or website you
have consulted and cited. Here are some examples in the Chicago Author-Date referencing style.

Book:
Author Year Book title

Mack, Charles R. 2005. Looking at the Renaissance: Essays Toward a Conceptual Appreciation.
London: Taylor & Francis.

Place of publication Publisher

Journal article from a database:

Title of the journal article
Year
Authors

Marshall, Kevin, and John Anderson. 2008. ―The Emperor's New Clothes A Meta-study of Education
Technology Policies in Ireland, North and South (1996-2006).‖ Computers & Education 50 .
(2): 463-474. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2007.09.010.

Volume number
Article page numbers DOI of article—if DOI not provided,
(Issue number)
use URL. Journal title

Web page:
Year
Authors Title

Dawson, Jeanne, Lesley Smith, Kathy Deubert, and Sue Grey-Smith. 2002. Study Trekk 6: Referencing,
not plagiarism. http://library.curtin.edu.au/research_and_information_skills/online_tutorials/
studytrekk/trek6.html.

URL of the web page

2
Examples of Referencing
Books In-Text Example
Single author “The method was first suggested in
2009” (Zeegan 2009, 65)
OR
“Zeegan (2009, 65) claimed that…”
2 authors (Benson and Brack 2010, 22)
OR
Benson and Black (2010, 22)
discuss this idea…for
3 authors (Lewis, Jurmain, and Kilgore 2007,
34)
OR
Lewis, Jurmain, and Kilgore (2007,
34) state that….
4 or more authors Cicmil et al. (2009, 24) suggest….
OR
(Cicmil et al. 2009, 24)
List only the first author’s family
name, followed by et al.
No author (Valuing Integrity 2010, 24).
Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Zeegen, Lawrence. 2009. What is Illustration? Mies, Book
Switzerland: RotoVision.
To add a page number
Benson, Robyn, and Charlotte Brack. 2010. Online Learning Book
and Assessment in Higher Education. Oxford: Chandos
Publishing.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY. To add a page number
Lewis, Barry, Robert Jurmain, and Lynn Kilgore. 2007. Book
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY. To add a page number
Cicmil, Svetlana, Terry Cooke-Davis, Lynn Crawford, Kurt A. Book
Richardson, and Project Management Institute. 2009.
Exploring the Complexity of Projects: Implications of
Complexity Theory for Project Management Practice. To add a page number
Newtown Square, PA.: Project Management Institute.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
List the names of all authors in the reference list.
Valuing Integrity: Guide for the Workplace. 2010. Bentley, Book
W.A.: Curtin University.
Add Valuing Integrity in the Short Title
Where there is no author and the title is long, shorten field
the title, but ensure that the item can be identified with
its corresponding entry in the reference list. To add a page number
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Books In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Multiple works by “Research (Hubbard 2008, 2010) Hubbard, Christopher. 2008. An Australian Introduction to Book
same author into the theory has indicated that…” International Relations. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.:
Pearson Education Australia.

———. 2010. Power Plays: Enriched Uranium and To add a page number
Homeland Security. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Order chronologically in the reference list. For

successive entries by the same author the dash
replaces the name.

Multiple works “Australians‟ perceptions of Byrski, Liz. 1998a. The Way Ahead: Prominent Book
published in the same themselves (Byrski 1998a, 55)…” Australians Talk About the Future of Our Nation.
year by the same Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland
Author Use a/b etc. to differentiate
between works in same year. ——— . 1998b. Western Australia: Land of Contrasts.
Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland To add a page number

Order alphabetically by title in the reference list.

For successive entries by the same author the dash

replaces the name.

Editor (Goggin and Hjorth 2009, 91-2) Goggin, Gerard, and Larissa Hjorth, eds. 2009. Mobile Edited Book
Technologies: From Telecommunications to Media.
New York: Routledge. Manually reposition ed., eds or edited by
as required
Add ed. before or after the editor’s name, depending
on how this appears on the title page of the work, or
add edited by if this is how it appears before the
name of the editor.

Different Editions Renton (2004, 75) suggests that… Renton, Neil. 2004. Compendium of Good Writing. 3rd Book
ed. Milton: John Wiley & Sons.
Add 3rd in the Edition field
An edition number is placed after the title of the work
- this is not necessary for a first edition. Manually reposition ed., eds or edited by
as required
To add a page number

No date (Olsen [1950?]) Olsen, Donald J. [1950?]. The Growth of Victorian Book
OR London. London: Batsford.
(Olsen n.d.) OR Add [1950?] or n.d. in the Year field
Olsen, Donald J. n.d. The Growth of Victorian London.
London: Batsford. 4 of 17
Books In-Text Example
Encyclopedia/ In the section on Homeopathic
Dictionary (print) Medicine in the Gale Encyclopedia
of Medicine (Longe 2006, 3rd ed,
1830)...
Encyclopedia/ The article on Evidence
Dictionary (online) Interpretation in the Wiley
Encyclopedia of Forensic Science
(Champod and Evett, eds 2009,
accessed December 20, http://
onlinelibrary.wiley.com.dbgw.lis.curt
in.edu.au/
doi/10.1002/9780470061589.fsa12
2/full)
In the absence of a posted
publication date, use the year
accessed, and add actual month
and date accessed before the
URL.
Encyclopedia/ “Music, rhythm, and imagination
Dictionary (authored intermingle” (Eliassen 2009, 635)
article)
Article or chapter in a (“Solving the Y2K Problem” 1997,
book – no author 23)
Use the title of chapter/article
Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Entries in an encyclopedia or dictionary are not You will need to enter the in-text citation
listed in the reference list. manually
Entries in an encyclopedia or dictionary are not
listed in the reference list. You will need to enter the in-text citation
manually
Eliassen, Meredith. 2009. “Singing Games.” In Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia of Play in Today’s Society, Rodney
P. Carlisle, ed., 635-636. Los Angeles: SAGE.
To add page number
Add ed. before or after the editor’s name,
depending on how this appears on the title page of Manually reposition ed., eds or edited by
the work, or add edited by if this is how it appears as required
before the name of the editor.
“Solving the Y2K Problem.” 1997. In Technology Book Section
Today and Tomorrow, ed. D. Bowd, 23-35. New
York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Use initials of author if full name is not provided in To add page number
the book.
Manually reposition ed., eds or edited by
Add ed. before or after the editor’s name, as required
depending on how this appears on the title page of
the work, or add edited by if this is how it appears
before the name of the editor.
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Books In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Brochure (Research and Training Centre Research and Training Centre on Independent Living. Book
2003) 2003. Guidelines for reporting and writing
about people with disabilities. Melbourne:
Research and Training Centre.

The publisher’s name may be abbreviated if it is

also the author.

E-book (books (Aaker and Smith 2010) Aaker, Jennifer, and Andy Smith. 2010. The Dragonfly Electronic Book
consulted online) Effect: Quick, Effective, and Powerful Ways to
Use Social Media to Drive Social Change. San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. http://
lib.myilibrary.com.dbgw.lis,curtin.edu.au/
Open.aspx?
id=277342&loc=&srch=undefined&src=0.
To add page number

E-book (downloaded According to Reagan (2010, chap. Reagan, Timothy G. 2010. Non-Western Educational Electronic Book
from a library or 3) Traditions: Indigenous Approaches to Educational
bookseller) Thought and Practice. 3rd ed. New York: Add Kindle edition in the Type of Medium
Routledge. Kindle edition. field, add 3rd in the Edition field

Use chapter or section numbers if there is no

stable page number. To add a page and chapter number

Thesis (doctorate) (Sharp 2010, 234) Sharp, Jennifer A. 2010. “Limiting Loss: A Grounded Thesis
Theory of Mothers Who Use Illicit Drugs.” PhD
diss., Curtin University of Add PhD diss. in the Thesis field
Technology. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au/
R/?func=search-advanced-go&request1=144026.

Thesis (Masters) Lee (2008, 27) makes the point Lee, Shereen. 2008. “A New Taste of Tradition: Thesis
that... Chinese Snacks and Hawker-Entrepreneurs in
Singapore.” Master‟s thesis, Curtin University of Add Master‟s in the Thesis field
Technology.

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Books In-Text Example
Conference (Brebbia 2009, 12)
Proceeding
Paper in a (Prayag and Ramjee 2009)
Conference (print)
OR
As discussed by Prayag and
Ramjee (2009)
Paper in a (Smierzchalski 2008, sec. 4:
Conference (online) Structure of the Simulator)
Use section or paragraph
numbers where no page number
is available.
Annual report of an (Director of National Parks 2010)
organisation OR
(Black Range Minerals Ltd 2010)
Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Brebbia, C. A., ed. 2009. Structural Studies, Repairs Conference Proceedings
and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XI:11th
International Conference on Structural Studies, Use this reference type and make any
Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage adjustments manually
Architecture, Tallinn, Estonia, 2009.
Southampton, U.K.: WIT Press.
Prayag, I. L., and R. Ramjee. 2009. “The Impact of Conference Paper
Newcastle Disease Control on Smallholder
Poultry Production in Mauritius.” In Village Use this reference type and make any
Chickens, Poverty Alleviation and the Sustainable adjustments manually
Control of Newcastle Disease: Proceedings of an
International Conference Held in Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania, 5-7 October 2005, edited by Robyn G.
Alders, Peter Spradbrow and M. P. Young, 132-
134. Canberra, A.C.T.: Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research.
Use initials for names if only initials are provided in
the publication.
Smierzchalski, R. 2008. “Simulation System for Marine Conference Paper
Engine Control Room.” Paper presented at
International Biennial Baltic Electronic Use this reference type and make any
Conference, Tallinn, Estonia, October 6-8. adjustments manually
doi:10.1109/BEC.2008.4657535.
Director of National Parks. 2010. Annual Report 2009- Report
2010. Canberra, A.C.T.: The Author.
OR Add The Author in the Institution field
Black Range Minerals Ltd. 2010. Annual Report 20
June 2010. http://
www.aspecthuntley.com.au.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au
/docserver/01001315.pdf? Make sure you place a coma after the
fileid=01001315&datedir=20091022&edt=MjAxMC company name when entering details in
0xMS0yMisxOTowNjoyNCsxMjArNTA3ODQxK0N the author field.
1cnRpblVuaXZlcnNpdHlBUk8rcmVkaXJlY3QrL2lt
YWdlc2lnbmFsL2Vycm9ycGFnZXMvUERGVGltZ
W91dC5odG1sKy9pbWFnZXNpZ25hbC9lcnJvcn
BhZ2VzL3BkZmRlbGF5ZWQuanNw.
Use The Author if the publisher and the author are
the same
7 of 17
Books In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Image in a book The photograph “Regatta. Pearling Stephen, Matthew. 2010. Contact Zones: Sport and Book
Luggers c. 1898” (Stephen 2005, 84, Race in the Northern Territory 1869-1953.
illustration 17) Darwin, N.T.: Charles Darwin University.
To add a page and illustration number

Print Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Article - As mentioned by Shaner (2010, 1988)
single author
For multiple authors also see the in
-text examples used for books and
electronic journals
Shaner, Malcolm. 2010. “Up in the Air - Suspending Journal Article
Ethical Medical Practice.” New England Journal
of Medicine 363 (21): 1988-1989.
To add a page number

Article – no author “Some 68 days later, all 33 miners
were rescued” (“Australians Play Part”
2010, 15)
Use the title of the journal article
“Australians Play Part in Mine Rescue.” 2010. Journal Article
Engineers Australia 82 (11): 14-15.
Add Australians Play Part in the Short
Shorten title, ensuring the first word remains the Title field
same.
To add a page number

Newspaper, feature (Narushima 2010) Narushima, Yuko. 2010. “Indigenous Artists Want to Newspaper Article
or magazine article Take on Management.” Sydney Morning Herald,
November 23. Add November 23 in the Issue Date
field

Newspaper, feature „The Australian (December 20, 2010) Provide all the details in the in-text citation – no You will need to enter the in-text
or magazine article – reported….‟ need for an entry in the reference list. citation manually
no author OR

“...the polls exposed a failure… to

mount a credible challenge” (The
Australian, December 20, 2010)

Press release On 18 December 2010, the statement
BHP Billiton Submits Environmental
Impact Statement for Jansen Project,
announces that “Jansen is a world
class ore body.” (Graham Kerr, press
release)
Treated like an unpublished document. No need You will need to enter the in-text
for an entry in the reference list. citation manually
Provide description of document—in this case,
press release—after

8 of 17
Print Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Image in a journal Several mummies have been Hawass, Zahi, Yehia Z. Gad, Somaia Ismail, Rabab Journal Article
article identified as related (Hawass et al. Khairat, Dina Fathalla, Amal Ahmed, Hisham
2010, 640 table 1). Elleithy et al. 2010. “Ancestry and Pathology in Add the number only into the DOI field not
King Tutankhamun‟s Family.” JAMA 303 (7): 638- the letters doi. Remove any URL if present
647. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.121.
To add a page and table number
For more than 10 authors, list the first 7 authors,
then use et al.

Electronic Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Full text from an (Bosma 2009, 320) Bosma, Ulbe. 2009. “European Colonial Soldiers in the
electronic database Nineteenth Century: Their Role in White Global
Migration and Patterns of Colonial Settlement.”
single author Journal of Global History 4 (2): 317-336.
doi:10.1017/S1740022809003179.
Journal Article
Add the number only into the DOI field not
the letters doi. Remove any URL if present

Full text article from an Cross and Smits (2005, 873) state Cross, Gary and Gregory Smits. 2005. “Japan, the U.S. Journal Article
electronic database … and the Globalization of Children‟s Consumer
OR Culture.” Journal of Social History 38 (4): 873-890.
2 authors (Cross and Smits 2005, 873) http://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/
pqdweb?
did=859478591&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=22212&R
QT=309&Vname=PQD.

Use stable/durable URL where provided To add a page number

List the family name first for the first author ONLY

Full text article from an (Pambudi, McCaughey and Smyth Pambudi, Djauhuri, Nathalie McCaughey, and Russell Journal Article
electronic database 2009, 236) Smyth. 2009. “Computable General Equilibrium
Estimates of the Impact of the Bali Bombing on To add a page number
3 authors OR the Indonesian Economy.” Tourism Management
30 (2): 232-239. doi:10.1016/ Add the number only into the DOI field not
Pambudi, McCaughey and Smyth j.tourman.2008.06.007. the letters doi. Remove any URL if present
(2009, 26) state…..
List the family name first for the first author ONLY

9 of 17
Electronic Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Full text article from an Tao et al. (2009, 43) have found…. Tao, Donghua, Patrick G. McCarthy, Mary. M. Krieger, Journal Article
electronic database and Annie B. Webb. 2009. “The Mobile Reference
OR Service: A Case Study of an Onsite Reference To add a page number
4 to 10 authors Service Program at the School of Public Health.”
(Tao et al. 2009, 43) Journal of the Medical Library Association 97 (1): Add the number only into the DOI field not
34-40. doi:10.3163/1536-5050.97.1.006. the letters doi. Remove any URL if present

List the family name first for the first author ONLY
Full text article from an (Sarna et al. 2002, 3223) Sarna, Mohinder K., Evan Ingley, Samantha J. Journal Article
electronic database Busfield, Vanessa S. Cull, Winald Lepere, David
OR J. McCarthy, Michael J. Wright et al. 2002. To add a page number
More than 10 authors “Differential regulation of SOCS genes in normal
Sarna et al. 2002, 3223 point out and transformed erythroid cells.” Oncogene 22: Add the number only into the DOI field not
that... 3221-3230. doi:10.1036381. the letters doi. Remove any URL if present

List the family name first for the first author ONLY
For more than 10 authors, list the first 7 authors,
then add et al.

Full text article from an “...the aging bad boy is still dishing
electronic database dirt about the industry” (“Medium
Raw” 2010, 12).
no author
Shorten long titles for in-text
citations. Short titles must
include the first word of the long
title.
“Medium Raw: A Bloody Valentine to the World of Food Journal Article
and the People Who Can Cook.” Food
Management 45 (9): 12. http://
proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb? To add a page number
did=2137096321&sid=12&Fmt=3&clientId=22212
&RQT=309&VName=PQD. Add Medium Raw in the Short Title field

Full text newspaper, (“Runners Leading By Example” “Runners Leading By Example: Marathon Effort By Newspaper Article
newswire or magazine 2010) Indigenous Athletes”. 2010. The
from an electronic Mercury, November 12. http://
database Use the title of the article proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb? Add Runners Leading by Example in the
You can shorten the title of the did=2186214831&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=22212& Short Title field
no author article if it is longer than 4 RQT=309&VName=PQD.
words. Add November 12 in the Issue Date field

10 of 17
Electronic Journals In-Text Example
Full text from the It was proposed by Keogh et al
Internet (2009, 256) that…
Article from Curtin E- (Andersen 2002, 343)
Reserve
Secondary Sources In-Text Example
Book (Lewis and Carini 1984, quoted in
Thibodeau and Patton 2002)
Use the original author’s name
and date first, add Quoted in to
indicate the secondary source.
Page numbers are included in
the reference list unless quoting
directly.
Journal Article (Ebell 2006, quoted in Patton 2007)
Use the original author’s name
and date here, add Quoted in to
indicate the secondary source.
Page numbers are included in
the reference list unless quoting
directly.
Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Keogh, Louise A., Christine M. van Vliet, David M. Journal Article
Studdert, Judith A. Maskiell, Findlay A.. Macrae, D.
James St John, Clara F. Gaff, et al. 2009. “Is the
Uptake of Genetic Testing for Colorectal Cancer
Influenced by Knowledge of Insurance
Implications?” Medical Journal of Australia 191 (5):
255-258. http://www.mja.com.au/public/ To add a page number
issues/191_05_070909/keo11470_fm.html.
For more than 10 authors, list the first 7 authors then
add et al.
Andersen, Jon A. 2002. “Organizational Design: Two Journal Article
Lessons to Learn Before Re-organizing.”
International Journal of Organizational Theory and .
Behavior 5 (3/4): 343. http://edocs.lis.curtin.edu.au/ To add a page number
eres.cgi?url=DC65012621.
Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Thibodeau, Gary A. and Kevin T. Patton, eds. 2002. The Edited Book
Human Body in Health and Disease. St Louis, Mo.:
Mosby. To complete in-text citation
Show secondary author only in the reference list. Right click on the intext citation
(Thibodeau and Patton 2002) choose
Edit Citation(s) then More… and put
Lewis and Carini 1984, quoted in into
the prefix box
Patton, Kevin. T. 2007. Neuralgia and headaches. Journal article
Science 316 (5824): 597-600.
To complete in-text citation
Show secondary author only in the reference list.
Right click on the intext citation (Patton
2007) choose Edit Citation(s) then
More… and put Ebell 2006, quoted in
into the prefix box
11 of 17
World Wide Web In-Text Example
Document on WWW “Our art has got to be protected
because it belongs to individual
people and their families.” (Valerie
Napaljarri Martin 2010)
Document on WWW- (Picturing Hemingway 2000)
No author
Shorten long titles for in-text
citations. Short titles must
include the first word of the long
title.
Document on WWW – (Centers for Disease Control and
No date Prevention 2010)
Image on the web The image of the MV Derbyshire
(Merseyside Maritime Museum
2010)
Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Martin, Valerie Napaljari. 2010. DesArt: Aboriginal Art in Web Page
Central Australia. Association of Central Aboriginal
Art and Craft Centres. Accessed December 16, Add December 16 in the Access Date
http://www.desart.com.au/ field
AboriginalArtinCentralAustralia/tabid/56/Default.aspx.
In the absence of a date on the website, use the year
accessed after the author’s name.
Include the owner or sponsor of the site after the
name of the site.
Include the Access month and date after the name of
the owner or sponsor of the website.
Titles for websites are set in Roman, with no quote
marks.
Picturing Hemingway: A Writer in His Time. 2000. Web Page
National Portrait Gallery. http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/
hemingway/ess-index2.htm. Add Picturing Hemingway in the Short
Title field
Do not provide Access date where a date is provided
for the website. Add National Portrait Gallery before the
URL in the URL field
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. Web Page
Traveling With Children: Resources. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed
November 25, http:wwwnc.cdc.govtravel/content/ Add December 25 in the Access Date
child-travel.aspx. field
Use Access year rather than n.d. where website has Add Traveling With Children: Resources.
no date listed. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention in the Title field
Use actual date of access after title, but before the
URL.
Merseyside Maritime Museum. 2010. The Sinking of MV Web Page
Derbyshire. National Museums Liverpool. http://
www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/
exhibitions/derbyshire/. Add The Sinking of MV Derbyshire.
National Museums Liverpool in the Title
Access date not necessary since a date is given for field
the website.
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Government In-Text Example
Publications
Act of Parliament The Commonwealth‟s Copyright Act
1968…
[future references do not include
date]
Cases New South Wales v Commonwealth
(1915) 20 CLR 54
Australian Bureau of (Australian Bureau of Statistics
Statistics Bulletin 2010)
Australian Bureau of (ABS 2010)
Statistics from ABS
website Use initials if the organization is
better known by its initials. List
name in initials in reference list,
but put full name in brackets.
Reference List Example
Legislation is included in a list of references only if
it is important to an understanding of the work. Set
the list apart from the main body of the reference
under the subheading 'Legislation'.
Essential elements: Short title Date (Jurisdiction)
eg. Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) or Fair Trading Act 2010
(WA).
If legislation is obtained from an electronic
database, add a URL as for electronic journal
articles.
Legal authorities are included in a list of references
only if they are important to an understanding of
the work. Set the list apart from the main body of
the reference under the subheading ‘Legal
Authorities’.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2010. Australian
Demographic Statistics. Cat. no. 3101.0.
Canberra, A.C.T.: ABS.
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2010. Australian
Demographic Statistics. Cat. no. 3101.0.
Canberra, A.C.T.: ABS. http://www.abs.gov.au/
AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3101.0Jun%
202010?OpenDocument.
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manually
Report
Add Cat. No. 3101.0 in the Accession
Number field and ABS in the Institution
field
Report
Add Cat. No. 3101.0 in the Accession
Number field and ABS in the Institution
field
Add ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics),
in the Title field
To get ABS to appear intext go to Edit &
Manage Citation(s) select Exclude author
and add ABS plus a space in the prefix
box
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Government In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Publications
Census Information (Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2006. Census of Report
2006) population and housing: B01 selected
characteristics (First release processing) postal Use this reference type and make any
area 6050. Canberra, A.C.T.: ABS. http:// adjustments where necessary manually
www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/
prenav/ViewData?
&action=404&documentproductno=POA6050&do Add ABS in the Institution
cumenttype=Details&tabname=Details&areacode field
=POA6050&issue=2006&producttype=Communit
y%20Profiles&&producttype=Community%
20Profiles&javascript=true&textversion=false&nav
mapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=LPD&&collectio
n=Census&period=2006&producttype=Communit
y%20Profiles&#Basic%20Community%20Profile.

Government Report (Australian Greenhouse Office Australian Greenhouse Office. 2005. Australia’s Fourth Report
2005) National Communication on Climate Change: A
Report Under the United Nationsl Framework Add the The Author in the Institution field
Convention on Climate Change. Canberra, A.C.T:
The Author.

Use The Author if the Publisher and the Author are

the same body.

Patent (Cook and Donaldson 2010) Cook, Fred C. and William H. Donaldson. 2010. Mega Patent
yacht mast tracking system with articulating sail
feeder. US Patent US20100282152A1, filed May Use this reference type and make any
7, 2009, and issued November 11, 2010. adjustments manually

Do not put title in quote marks or italics.

Do not use capital letters for the beginning of each
significant word in the title.
Do not include URL for documents found online.

Standard (online) (Standards Australia 2009) Standards Australia. 2009. Wire-rope Slings: Product
Specification. SAIGlobal (AS 1666.1-2009).
If the standard is in book form, reference it as you
would reference a book.
Standard
Add SAIGlobal in the Name of Database
field and AS 1666.1-2009 in the Accession
Number field
Make sure you place a coma after
Standards Australia when entering details in
the Institution field

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Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

Personal “It was confirmed that an outbreak Not included in the reference list as they cannot be You will need to enter the in-text citation
communication, e-mail occurred in London in 1999” (S. traced by the reader manually
and discussion lists Savieri, personal communication
with no web archive. May 21, 2007).

Use exact date if known.

Use initials instead of full first
name.
Do not use et al. for multiple
authors.

Unpublished (Court 1997) Court, Charles W. M. 1997. Interview of Charles Court, Personal Communication
Interviews interview by Isla Macphail, November 22,
transcript, Curtin University of Technology, Use this reference type and make any
Bentley, W. A. adjustments manually

Lecture notes (Brieger 2005) Brieger, William (2005). “Lecture 3: Recruitment and Unpublished Work
Involvement of Trainees.” PowerPoint lecture
notes. http://ocw.jhsph.edu Add PowerPoint lecture notes in the Type
course.TrainingMethods. ContinuingEducation/ of Work field
lectureNotes.cfm

Films and (Cameron and Landau 2010) Cameron, James (Producer/Director), and Jon Landau Film or Broadcast
videorecordings of (producer) 2010. Avatar. DVD. Moore Park, N.S.W.:
films. Twientieth Century Fox Home Entertainment South Add names in the Director field and
Pacific. manually add (Director, Producer or writer) if
required. Add DVD in the Format field

DVDs and videos (Cohen, Salazar, and Barkat Cohen, Hart, Juan Francisco Salazar, and Iqbal Barkat Film or Broadcast
2009) 2009. Screen Media Arts: An Introduction to
Concepts and Practice. DVD. South Melbourne, Add DVD in the Format field
Vic.: Oxford University Press.
.

Television and radio (Thomason, Rudd, and Fimeri Thomason, Matthew, Paul Rudd, and Wain Fimeri Film or Broadcast
programmes (single 2007)) 2007. “Episode 4: North West Passage,” Captain
episode in a series) Cook: Obsession and Discovery. Television Add Television in the Format field
program. Melbourne: Film Australia. and make other adjustments manually

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Other Sources In-Text Example
Television and radio ...the travels of medieval Venetian
programmes (series traders down the Aegean coast
or single programme) (da Mosto 2008).
Podcasts (interviews) (Parmenter and Shepherdson
2009)
Podcasts (single (“The Private Life” 2010)
programmes)
Shorten long titles for in-text
citations. Short titles must
include the first word of the
long title.
Video blog posts (Krempl 2008)
Web streaming video (Bernstein 2006)
Blog post and reply McDonald (2009) suggests that...
(the smart one 2010)
Reference List Example
da Mosto, Francesco. 2008. Francesco’s
Mediterranean Voyage. Television series.
Directed by Andrea Carnevali and Nicola Searle.
London: BBC.
Parmenter, Ian, and Anne Shepherdson, interviewed
by Geraldine Mellet. 2009. “Painted Cows,” 720
ABC Local Radio, podcast audio, June 15, http://
www.abc.net.au/local/
audio/2009/06/15/2598730.htm.
“The Private Life of a Brain Surgeon.” 2010. ABC
Radio National, podcast audio, July 10, http://
www.abc.net.au/rn/allinthemind/
stories/2010/2921360.htm.
Krempl, Sandra A. 2008. The Beauty of Story.
YouTube video, 10:01. http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=2zSb-m25SJ4.
Include full URL
Include indication length (by time)
Bernstein, Anya. 2006. In Pursuit of the Siberian
Shaman. Streaming video, 74:28, Ethnographic
Video Online, http://
anth.alexanderstreet.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/
View/764794.
McDonald, Stuart. 2010, September 27. “Noise in the
Library.” Library Blog. http://blogs.curtin.edu.au/
library/2010/09.
the smart one. 2010, October 3. “Comment on Noise
in the Library.” Library Blog. http://
blogs.curtin.edu.au/library/2010/09.
Include full URL
Use (blog) if the title of the blog does not contain
the word Blog.
EndNote X4 (which reference type?)
Film or Broadcast
Use this reference type and make any
adjustments manually
Audiovisual Material
Add podcast audio in the Type field
And make other adjustments manually
Audiovisual Material
Add podcast audio in the Type field
And make other adjustments manually
Blog
Add YouTube video, 10:01 in the
Description field
Audiovisual Material
Add Streaming video, 74:28 in the Type
field and make other adjustments manually
Blog
Add Noise in the Library in the Title of
WebLog field, September 27 in the Date
field and Library Blog in the Type of
Medium field
Create separate entry for reply
Add Comment on Noise in the Library in the
Title of WebLog field, October 3 in the
Date field and Library Blog in the Type of
Medium field
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Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X4 (which reference type?)

CD-ROMS (Jiang 2008) Jiang, Jack J. 2009. Vocal Fold Dynamics: Phonation Computer Program
Mechanism, Aerodynamics, Impact Stress, and
Mucosal Wave. San Diego, CA.: Plural Pub Inc. Add CD-ROM in the Type field
CD-ROM.

ERIC document Davis and Lombardi (1996) Davis, Robin K., and Thomas P. Lombardi. 1996.
(microfiche) put forward the proposal that…. “The Quality of Life of Rural High School Special
Education Graduates: A Follow Up Study.” In
Rural Goals 2000: Building Programs that Work,
edited by Diane Montgomery, ERIC microfiche
(ED394746).
Audiovisual Material
In the Series Title field after Rural Goals
2000: Building Programs that Work add
edited by Diane Montgomery, ERIC
microfiche (ED394746)

ERIC document (McLoughlin 2009) McLoughlin, M. Padraig M. M. 2009. “Inquiry-based Audiovisual Material
(online) Learning: An Educational Reform Based Upon Content
-centred Teaching.” Paper presented at the Annual Use this reference type and make any
Meeting of the American Mathematical Society, adjustments manually. E.g. remove the
Washington D.C., January 2009. http:// word In.
www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/
servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED506295.

E-mail discussion list According to John Little‟s post on Provide all the details in the in-text citation – no You will need to enter the in-text citation
– web archive the ECPOLICY discussion list on need for an entry in the reference list. manually
April 16, 2002 (http://
www.askeric.org/
Virtual_Listserv_Archives/
ECPOLICY/2002/Apr_2002/
Msg00003.html), it was
determined that……

Adding Page Numbers to EndNote In-text Citations

Click on the in-text reference and select Edit & Manage Citation(s) or right click on the required reference then Edit Citation(s) and
More… Then in the suffix box add a space then the page # as required or any other extra details such chap # or illustration #

e.g. space 84, illustration 17 click OK. Your in-text reference will appear as (Name 2010, 84, illustration 17)

Manual Changes—EndNote users, please note: Make any manual changes when you have finished creating your reference list
with EndNote or convert your word document to plain text by clicking on the drop down arrow at Convert Citations and
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