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8 Design methods for discrete filters 6.1 INTRODUCTION ‘The design of a discrete filter usually starts with a specification of the frequency behavior required. As.a.ule the specification states the limits for the required amplitude and phase characteristics. The shape of the phase characteristic is sometimes left completely unspecified. In other eases the phase characteristic may be required to be linear, for example. ‘The specifications usually take the form ofa tolerance diagram, as shown in Fig. 8.1 for the amplitude characteristic ofa low-pass filter. The desired characteristic must not pass through the hatched areas. Since we are almost invariably concerned with real impulse responses, the specifications need only be indicated in the interval 0=

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