Useful Information About Piles (as per AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications)

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1. Minimum c/c distance between two piles should be 2.5D (D being diameter of pile)
for multiple rows of piles

2. Minimum c/c distance between two piles should be 2D (D being diameter of pile)
for single row of piles

3. At c/c distance of 4D or more, pressure-bulbs of two consecutive piles will not

overlap and 100% efficiency of individual piles can be considered.

4. To have an economical design of pile-cap, maximum c/c distance between piles

shall not exceed 3D

5. Bending moment in piles is generally dissipated in top 2/3rd of pile length and
minimum vertical reinforcement is required in rest of pile length.

6. Pile shall be considered fully laterally supported if a natural surface level is

present around the pile atleast upto 4D.

7. In a pile-cap, if distance between two piles is less than effective thickness of

pile-cap, general shear method will not be applicable and shear strength of pile-
cap shall be determined using deep beam theory.