






       

      


 

       

       


        

         

       
         



          


       


       

     
       
     
        
    
    
         
      

     

       




�



         
        
      




        

     
       
       
       


       
         
 
         




      



    

     
air
AMMONIA PLANT
steam
air
hydrocarbon
gas
COMPRESSOR PREHEATER DESULFERIZERS PRIMARY REFORMER SECONDARY WASTE- SHIFT CON- CARBON METHANATOR COMPRESSORS
pressurises heats gas absorb traces of uses steam, catalyst REFORMER HEAT VERTER DIOXIDE catalytically pressurise air AMMONIA SYNTHESIS AMMONIA
hydrocarbon to 400ºC — sulfur compounds and heat from a adds air to the BOILER catalytically REMOVAL removes residual to 35 atm and LOOP catalytically reacts STORAGE
gas to 35 atm optimum (which would poison furnace to reform gas mixture to cools gas converts car- section traces of carbon process gas mix- hydrogen and nitrogen SPHERE to
to reduce its temperature catalyst) from hydrocarbon gas introduce nitro- by bon monoxide absorbs monoxide and ture to 350 atm at 500ºC and 350 atm to which the product
bulk. for desulf- the gas using into a mixture gen and to raising in the gas carbon carbon dioxide gas mixture now form ammonia which pure liquid ammonia
urization zinc oxide of hydrogen and complete reform- steam for mixture to dioxide by converting them comprises only is condensed by cooling and is sent for storage
PRODUCER pellets. carbon monoxide ing with oxygen. primary carbon out of the to methane hydrogen, separated from gas mixture at -4ºC.
GAS from coal at 800ºC. Temperature reformer. dioxide gas mix- which is inert nitrogen and which is recycled until com-
as fuel in CH4 + H2O rises to 1000ºC. CO + H2O ture to synthesis traces of pletely reacted
the primary CO + 3H2 2CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2 catalyst methane. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
reformer. 2CO + 4H2 CO + 3H2
CH4 + H2O
NITRIC ACID PLANT LIMESTONE AMMONIUM NITRATE PLANT
air
ammonia limestone
water
steam
ammonia
LAN 29% N
nitric acid
secondary
air NEUTRALIZERS STORAGE EVAPORATORS PRILLING TOWER COOLING SCREENING AND COATING
(first and second TANK concentrate the in which finely DRUM DRUM where fines and
stages) react stores ammonium ground limestone where the oversize pills are removed
TURBOCOMPRESSOR MIXER CONVERTERS in which ABSORPTION TOWERS ammonia vapour 82% nitrate solution is added to the solidified and anti-caking
compresses large air introduces ammonia reacts with absorb the nitrogen oxides with nitric acid ammonium in two stages: ammonium nitrate beads of LAN agent is added to the LAN
volume to 3 atm and about air while passing through in water to form 18% to form ammo- nitrate first to 96% solution and the are cooled before it is sent to storage
is driven by steam 10% platinum catalyst gauzes strength nitric acid, which nium nitrate solution then to 99% molten slurry is further and dispatched via a
turbine and tail-gas ammonia to form nirtrogen oxides. is sent to storage tanks solution, 82% sprayed down the weightbelt.
turbine. vapour Temperature rises to 900ºC 2NO + O2 2NO2 strength. tower from a spinning
into air and hot gases are cooled 3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO NH3 + HNO3 perforated bucket.
stream by raising steam 4NH3 + 5O2 NH4NO3
4NO + 6H2O