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PSEUDOGENES
PSEUDOGENES
Thrucated
Just fragmentsof genes
Occumulation of multiple mutations
Processed pseudogenes copied from mrna and incorporated into the chromosome but lack
of protein-coding ability (no intron / polu-A tail present / nopromoter)
Following the divergence of humans and chimpanzees from a common ancestor, two ancentral
chromosomes fused in the human line
The gene encoding the varies globin proteins evolved from one common ancestral globin gene,
which duplicated and diverged abaout 450-500 million years ago
After the duplication events, diffeences between the gens inthe globin family arose from the
accumulation of mutations
For example the lyzozyme gene was duplicated and evolved into the lactalbumin gene in mammals
Unequal crossing over during prophase 1 of meiosis can result in one chromosome with a deletion
and anotherwith a duplication of a particular region
Transposable elements can provide sites for crossover between nonsister chromatids
Pseudogen adalah salinan cacat gen. Mereka telah kehilangan kemampuan protein-coding
mereka
Memiliki kodon stop di tengah gen
Mereka tidak promotor
• Thrucated
• gen Hanya fragmentsof
• Occumulation beberapa mutasi
• Diproses pseudogen disalin dari mRNA dan dimasukkan ke dalam kromosom tetapi
kekurangan protein-coding kemampuan (tidak ada intron / polu-A tail hadir / nopromoter)
Setelah perbedaan manusia dan simpanse dari satu nenek moyang, dua kromosom ancentral
menyatu di garis manusia
Duplikasi dan inversi hasil dari kesalahan selama rekombinasi melatic
Analisis perbandingan antara kromosom manusia dan 7 spesies mamalia melukiskan sejarah
evolusi kromosom hipotetis