Ref: EX/IT/T/312/69/SL19/2014 Jadavpur University Bachelor of Information Technology 3" Year 1" Semester Examination, 2013 Subject: Data Communication and Networking ‘Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 100 Answer all questions 1. Answer any one question: a (444424545) 4 Assume you want fo transfer an n byte file along a path composed of the source, destination, 7 point-to-point links, and 5 switches. Suppose each link has a propagation delay of 2ins and a bandwicth of 4 Mbps, and that the switches support both cireut and Packet switching, Thus, you ean either break the file up into 1-KB packets or set up a Circuit through the switches and send the file as one contiguous bit steam. Suppose that Packets have 24 bytes of header and 1000 byte of payload, store-and-forward packet Processing at each switch incurs a I-ms delay after the packet has been completely received, packets may be sent out continuously without waiting for acknowledgements, and circuit setup requires a 1-KB message to make a round trip on the path, incurring a I-ms Ra eee ae] eee] Describe what the router does with a packet addressed to the address 128.9640, 12, 128.96.39.10, and 192.4,153.17. Suppose an IF implementation adhere literally tthe following algorithm on receipt of a packet, P, destined for IP address D. if (Ethemet address for D is in ARP cache) else ‘send out an ARP query for D> put P into a queue until response comes back> |} Ifthe IP layer receives a bust of packets destined for D, how might this algorithm ‘Waste resources unnecessarily? 2. Sketch an improved version (7454345) i i. Suppose a TCP message that contains 1024 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header 1S bytes; the second has an MTU of $76 bytes. Each network's MTU gives the size of the {argest IP datagram that can be carried in a link-ayer frame. Give the sizes and offsets af {he sequence of fragments delivered tothe network layer atthe destination host, Aserene sit IP headers are 20 bytes. Suppose a small ISP X pays a larger ISP A to connect him to the rest ofthe Intemet and tlso pays another ISP B to provide a fall-back connection tothe Intemet inthe event that he losses connectivity via ISP A. ISP X learns ofa path to some prefix via ISP A. should he advertise that path to ISP B? Why or why not? Determine whether or not the following IPv6 address notations are correct: :0F53:6382:AB00:67DB:BB27:7332 7803:42F2:::8 8EC:D4BA:B7SD:11CD *4BAB:9SCC::DB97:4EAB You are given the following address: 153.50.6.27/25, Determine subnet mask, subnet address, and broadcast address.me | 5. Answer any one question: % " iit il. (6r4t3e3-4) ‘You are hired to design « reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like TCP). This protocol will un over a 1-Gbps network. The RTT of the network is 100m, and the maximum segment lifetime is 30 seconds. How many bits would you include in the window size and sequence number fields of your protocol? ‘Suppose host A reaches host B via routers RI and R2. Fast retransmit is not used, and A calculates Timeout as 2xEstimatedRTT. Assume that the A+R and R2-B links have infinite ‘bandwidth; the RI-R2 link, however, | second-per-packet bandwidth delay for data packets (though not ACKs), Deseribe a scenario in which the R1-R2 link is not 100% utilized, even ‘though A always has data ready to send. ‘What will happen if traceroute is used to find the path to an unassigned address? Does it ‘matter if the network portion or only the host potion is unassigned? IP, ARP, IGMP and ICMP all run in network layer. How does a computer know if an arriving frame contains an IP datagram or an ARP message or an IGMP packet or an ICMP packet? Suppose that a datagram network has a routing algorithm that generates routing tables so that there are two disjoint paths between every source and destination that is attached to the network. Identify the benefits of this approach, What problems are introduced with this approach? (6134893) ‘Assume that TCP implements an extension that allows window sizes much larger than 64 KB, Suppose that you are using this extended TCP over a 1-Gbps link with a latency of ‘Soms to transfer a 10 MB file, and the TCP receive window is | MB. If TCP sends 1-KB packets, how many RTTs does it take until slow start opens the send window to: 1. MB2 How many RTTs does it take to send the file? Assume no congestion and no lost packets. ‘Why does the Offset field inthe IP header measure the offbet in S-byte units? ‘Suppose a TCP connection has a window size of eight segments and an RTT of 800ms, the sender sends segments at a regular rate of one every 100ms, and the receiver sends ACK back at the same rate without delay. A segment is lost, and the loss is detected by fast retransmit algorithm on the receipt of the third ACK. At the point when the ACK of the retransmitted segment finally arrives, how much total time has the sender lost (compared to lossless transmission) if 1. The sender waits for the ACK from the retransmitted lost packet before sliding the window forwards again? 2. The sender uses the continued arrival of each duplicate ACK as an indication it may slide the window forward one segment? Suppose a user has two browser applications active at the same time and suppose that the applications are accessing the same server to retrieve HTTP documents at the same time, How does the server tel the difference between two applications? oi