Joints in Steel Construction Moment Connections Published by: ‘The Steel Construction institute Silwood Park Ascot Berks SL5 7QN Tol: 01344 623345 Fax: 01344 622944 In association with: The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited 4 Whitehall Court, Westminster, London SW1A 2ES‘© Crown Copyright 1995. Published by permission of the Controller of HMSO ‘Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study or criticism or review, {as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with terms of the licences issued by the UK Copyright Licensing Agency, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organisation outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers, ‘The Steel Construction Institute, at the address given on the title page. Although care has been to ensure, to the best of our knowledge, that all data and information contained herein are accurate to the extent that they relate to either matters of fact or accepted practice or matters of opinion at the time of publication, The Steel Construction Institute, The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited, The Building Research Establishment, the authors and the reviewers assume no responsibility or any errorsin or misinterpretations of such data ‘and/or information or any loss or damage arising from or related to their use. Publications supplied to Members of the Institute at a discount are not for resale by them. Publication Number: 207/95 ISBN 1 85942 018 4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Reprinted October 1996, January 1997, March 1997 (with amendments) (iil)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS eT ‘This publication has been prepared with guidance from the SCI/BCSA Connections Group consisting of the following members: Peter Allen? The Bish Constructinol Stelwork Association Ltd David Brown* The Stee! Construction Institute Mike Fewster* Caunton Engineering Lt. Peter Gannon* Wotson Stel Lid Dr Craig Gibbons* Ove Arup & Partners Eddie Hole British Stee! Pe. Alastair Hughes* (Ove Arup & Partners ‘Abdul Malik The Steel Construction Institute (Technical Secretary) Dr David Moore* Building Research Establishment Prof David Nethercot University of Nottingham Alan Pillinger* Bison Structures Ltd. ‘Alan Rathbone* Computer Services Consultants (UK) Ltd. Graham Raven The Stee! Construction Institute John Rushton Peter Brett Associates Bernard Shuttleworth Consultant (Chairman) Richard Stainsby Neil R Stainsby Lid. Colin Smart British Stee! Pl. Erie Taylor Ove Arup & Partners * Editorial committee members ‘Valuable comments were received from: Dr D Anderson University of Warwick AN Beal Thomason Partnership BABrown Scott Wilson & Kirkpatrick D Chapman Wesco! BD Cheal Consultant DrR Cunningham —— Cunningham Associates MJ Glover Ove Arup & Partners RC Hairsine Graham Garner & Partners K Leah Henry Brook & Co. Dr R. M, Lawson The Steel Construction Institute JH Mathys Waterman Partnership W Mitchell Billington Structures J 0 Surtees University of Leeds JC Taylor The Stee! Construction Institute E Treadaway Clark Nicholls & Marcel ‘The capacity tables were developed, and the book compiled and typeset by Richard Stainsby assisted by Neil Cruickshank. In addition to sponsorship by the Building Research Establisment, support on technical and commercial ‘matters was also received from: EV Girardier Steel Construction Industry Federation (SCIF) RAC Latter British Stee! Pe. Dr G W Owens The Steel Construction Institute Dr D Tordoff The British Constructonal Steework Associaton Ltd. References to BS 5950: Part 1 and Eurocode 3 have been made with permission of British Standards Institution, {BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL. WwFOREWORD This publication is the third in a series of books which cover the range Moment Connections in Steelwork. The other books in the series are Joints in Simple Construction, Volumes 1 and 2. Included in this guide are both bolted and welded connections suitable foruse in continuous frame design, together with bolted wind-moment connections, which may be used in se continuous design. n is produced by the SCI/BCSA Connections Group with from the Building Research Establishment. The Connections Group was established in 1987 to bring together academics, consultants and steelwork contractors to work on the development of authoritative design guides for structural steelwork connections. ”PICTORIAL INDEX BOLTED END PLATE CONNECTIONS Page Section 2 7 Bearn/Column connection capacity tables 142 Portal connection capacity tables 188 WIND - MOMENT CONNECTIONS Page Section 3 50 Wind-moment Connection Tables 202 WELDED BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTIONS Section 4 gous ‘SPLICES Section $ Goce COLUMN BASE CONNECTIONS Page Section 6 86 2)MOMENT CONNECTIONS CONTENTS, 1 INTRODUCTION ‘About this design guide ‘Classification of connections Exchange of information Costs Definitions Major symbols BOLTED END PLATE CONNECTIONS Scope Design philosophy Capatty chads” Mathods of strengthenin Connection rotational Standardisation Using the capacity tables Design procedures = Rigorous method ‘Abridged method for manual design 2.10. Worked example using the abridged method for manual design WIND-MOMENT CONNECTIONS. 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Design method 3.3 Design rules 34 Standard details WELDED BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTIONS. 41 Scope 4.2 Shop welded connections 43 Site welded connections 4:4 Design philosophy 45 Design procedures 4{6 Site welded worked example SPLICES 5.1 Scope 52 Bolted cover plate splices 53 Design procedures, Bolted spice - worked example jolted end plate splices eam-through-beam moment connections Welded splices COLUMN BASE CONNECTIONS Scope Design philosophy epacty checls, Ry oi bv conection sation Bescng space or grout Prelminay sang of baseplate Stitened ase plates Design procedures 8.10. Column base - Worked example 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 6 63 REFERENCES APPENDICES ‘Appendix | Worked example - Bolted end plate using the rigorous method ‘Appendix I! Bolted end plate connections - Background to the design method ‘Appendix ll Mathematical derivation of alpha chart ‘Appendix. IV 8.8 Bolts - Enhanced tensile strength CAPACITY TABLES and Dimensions for detalling (Yellow Pages) PAGE 10 12 12 “4 1s 6 a2 “4 50 50 a 55 56 37 60 61 n 73 7 m™ 83 86 87 89 89 89 90, a1 103 105 106 135 139 40 ut ip1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ABOUT THIS DESIGN GUIDE This publication provides methods for designing the following types of moment resisting connections in steel-framed structures: Beam to column + Bolted end plates + Wind-moment connections + Shop and site-welded connections + Bolted splices ‘+ Welded splices Columns + Bolted splices ‘+ Welded splices + Bases Connections subject to: this publication. smic loading are not covered in Although each Section of this publication describes connections between |-section members bending about their major axes, the general principles can be adapted for tse with other section types and configurations. Design procedures ‘The capacity checks on bolts, welds and sections are all based on BS 5950: Part 1 (1), Other features in the design model are taken from a variety of sources. They include established methods used in the UK and overseas. (2 ' 8) Historically, moment connections have been designed for strength only with litte regard to other characteristics . stiffness and ductility. There is growing recognition that in certain situations this practice is questionable and 50 guidance is given to help designers. Steel grades Steel grades have been designated with the commonly used BS 5950: Part 1 notation (Amendment No. 11992). ‘The equivalent designations in other specifications are given in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 Steel grades Bs 5950: Part 1 | 65.4360 | _SSEN 19 025 1990 _|_1993 Design Grade 43 | Grade 43 | Fe 430 | 5275 Design Grade 50| Grade 50| Fes10 | S355 Capacity tables Without access to suitable software, designing efficient moment connections can be a long and tedious process. To help overcome this problem, capacity tables for standardised bolted beam to column connections are provided in the yellow pages of this publication. The capacity tables have been arranged so that the designer can simply select a beam connection and with the minimum of calculation check whether the column it connects to needs to be stiffened. The tables serve two other useful functions. Firstly, they ‘an be an aid for frame designers to help with member selection, and secondly they can be used to provide a {good ‘first guess’ in those cases where the standard geometry may not be appropriate. A key aim during the production of the tables was to standardise the selection of bolts and fittings. This process continues the work on connection standardisation which was introduced in Joints in Simple Construction ®) and is widely recognised as being an important step towards improving the efficiency of the industry. Design examples Worked examples illustrating the design method are included in most Sections, with a further example of a bolted end plate connection in Appendix |. Examples showing use of the capacity tables precede each set of tables. 1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIONS. BS 5950: Part 1 requires that the connections in a steel structure should accord with the assumptions made in the design of the frame. It is not sufficient in all situations to assume that a moment connection is adequate simply because it is capable of resisting the design bending ‘moment, shear and axial forces. It may also be necessary to consider the rotational stiffness and the rotation capacity. 1