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PSICOMOTRICIDAD

Teoría y Praxis del Desarrollo Psicomotor en la Infancia

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PSICOMOTRICIDAD

La psicomotricidad es aquella ciencia que, considerando al individuo en

su totalidad, pretende desarrollar al máximo sus capacidades individuales,

valiéndose de la experimentación y de la ejertización consciente del

propio cuerpo, para conseguir un mayor conocimiento de sus posibilidades

en sí mismo y en realización al medio en el que se desenvuelve.

El objetivo principal de este manual es el de dar a conocer el desarrollo

psicomotor en la infancia.

Tras la lectura de este manual el lector adquirirá conocimientos sobre la

psicomotricidad, las etapas del desarrollo psicomotor, los elementos de

base, los trastornos del desarrollo y la educación y reeducación psicomotriz.

ISBN 10: 84-96578-86-0


ISBN 13: 978-84-96578-86-9

9 788496 578869
EDITORIAL

www.ideaspropiaseditorial.com

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