ENGLISH THROUGH PICTURES BOOKS 1,2 I. A. RICHARDS and CHRISTINE M. GIBSON ft WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS, INC. * NEW YORKPREFACE ENGLISH THROUGH PICTURES This book will teach you the first steps of English. It gives you about 500 important words in sentences, with the meaning shown through pictures. Read each page like this: The sentences wili take on meaning for you as you compare them with the help of the accompanying pictures, page by page. The lead on your memory is kept light. All your attention can be given to seeing how changes in the sentences go along with changes in the meaning. Learning English this way is more like play than hard work. If you have to work alone, it is best to work through writing and wait for the pronunciation until you have help. Study two or three pages together until you can give the sentences that go with the pictures. When you are forming the sentences do not rely on your memory alone: try to understand in English what the pictures say. If you do this you will be thinking in English from the very start and that is the way to a masiery of the language. XVWhen you have worked through thirty pages of the book in this manner, test your knowledge by answe- ring in English the questions on pages 31, 32 and 33. Compare your answers with those given on page 34, Further questions with answers are provided at inter- vals throughout the book.Ba een ew ce wen ce ee ec en nw Ho ne enn en ce ee een eeene' wee ee ene nen ne oe ne pe nn ene en ee ee ee enes ' s 2 ' 2 ost) 2 { “ =x \ 6 1 ' ' ! x ! ' we ewe eee ne nnn enn nee ene | we wn wen we een nn nee n nee eee ' 1 ig . ' $s § i 2 § i od - i ' !------ 2-4 5 +--+This is a woman, That is a woman. This is a man. That is a man.That is a table. That table is there. It is there. t { , t tishere, | I ' 1 t ’ This is a table. This table is here. This is a hat. This is a hand. It is o hat. This is the thumb. & & These are the fingers:This is my head. My hat is in my hand. It is in my hand. This is my hat. O = meee we wee een e en -- = My hat is on my head. It is on my head.my hat. This is Her hat is in her hand. on his head. His hat is 12That Is your hat. Itis on the table. Those are your hats. They are on the table. a Those are your hands. That is your right hand. ec ec These are my hands. This is ms is That is my tight left “rel hand. hand. hand. S 13He will take his hat His hat is on the table. off the table. 7 He is taking it off the He took it off the table. table.He will put his hat on his head. 4 He is putting his hat on his head. He put his hat on his head. He put it on. I lt was on the table. It is on his head, 15He will take his hat off his head. his head. ir AP wee w eee ence ee ew cen semen eeeeeeeececene He is taking his hat off 1 ' His hat isin hishand. | He took his hat off. It was on his head. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ , ‘ ‘ ‘ 4 ttis in his hand, ‘ 1 ' 16This is a hat. This is a table. These are hats. This is a hand. These are tables. Fam = are y This is a man, This is a woman.” ; These are men. These are women. AM Banas 1633This is a woman. This ts her hand. It is the woman's hand, This is a man, NS This is his hand. "tis the man's hand. This is o man’s hat. 's hat. tis on a man's head, This is a woman's hat It is on a woman's head, Now it is in the woman's hands. It is In her hands. Now it is in the man’s honds. It is in his hands,SERENE ey a He will give his hat to He ts giving his hat to the man. 1 ee eres ce It Is in the man’s hands new. gp He gave it to the man. He gave it to him, M “Sa 19The man will give his hat to the woman. If eee ww ew ewww wee weer en cence e= He is giving his hat to the woman. He gave it to the woman. He gave it to her, ik It is in the woman's hands now.She is putting it on the It was in her hand. It is on the table. table. it a The woman will put the hat on the table.This is o ship. These ships are on the water, This ship is in the bottle. 22This is o glass. t I ‘ It is on the table. This is water. | ' ' — 2 ' cs This is a bottle. ' a ZI, = The bottle ' isina : man's hand. ' ' Now the glass is off the The glass and the water table. are on the floor, = QsThis is a bottle This is o gloss and this and this is is a bottle. Q "9 These are glasses. This and this are bottles. some —_ ~ That man and that woman are there. That Is a bird and that is o bird. This man and this woman are here. Those are birds. They are birds. 24This is o man. This is an arm. = This is a leg. This is a foot. / i This is a table. These are his arms. These are his legs. These are his feet. This is a seat. -These are its legs.— a tt These are its legs. —_ Its feet are on the floor. } Its feet are on the floor. 25This is a room. This is a door. This is This a door, - is a picture. These are the windows of the room. This is a window and this is a window. Hh This window This window shut. is open. 26This door is open. This door is shut. This is a wall of the This is a picture of man and a woman. This is the cord of the picture. This is! This is a hook. a wall. A picture is on this wall, room. This is the frame of the 1 1 ' This is the floor of the | 1 1 i picture. 27This is These are This is the door of the house. These are houses.He went there. i ih He was here, iA He is at his door. He is at the door of his house,This is a question mark. & > What is this? . It is a hat. “What is this?” is a We put question marks question. after questions. “It is a hat,” is an answer. E> “Is this a hat?” “Is this a hat?” That is a question. “No, it is not a hat. It is “Yes, it is.” a hand.” That is an answer. That is an answer.QUESTIONS ' 1 (Yara) | pss} @ What is this? ttisa t ¢ What is this? € What is this? e What is this? This page is page 31. The answers are on page 34, cyQUESTIONS @ What are these? | b What are these? AeR , CFE0 pot wnrv sue pod wets st ¢ What are these? di What are these? Hew And what is wel | And what is this?QUESTIONS a Is the hat on t b Is the man in the table? ! the room? I t 1 | | | 1 1 1 I ¢ Isthepictureon | dis thebirdon the wall? the seat? > e Is the glass in Is the water in the woman's hand? the glass? tr g Is this ship in h Are the man and the a bottle? woman at the door? This page is page 33. The answers are on page 34.These are answers to questions on pages 31, 32, and 33. This page is page 34. Page 31 a Itis a house. ¢ Itisa table. e ltisa leg. g Itis a leg of a table. Page 32 a They are three men. That isa woman, © They are fingers. That is the thumb. e They are houses. That is a street, g They are feet. That is a foot, Page 33 a Yes, it is. ¢ No, it is not. ft is on the floor, e No. It isin the man's hand. g No. It is on the water, 34 b Wisaship. d It is a bottle. f Itisanarm. h {tis an arm of a seat. b They are glasses. That is a glass. d They are windows, That is a door. € tis a picture of a man and a house. That is the frame of the picture. (Its frame) h That is a room A table is in it, b Yes, he is. d No, it is not. It is on the floor. f No, it is not in the glass. h Yes, they are at the door.What is this? What is the time? This is a clock. The time is two (2:00). What is the time? It was one (1:00). The time is one (1:00). It will be three (3:00). One hand is at one- 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' t ' 1 ' ' 1 What is the time? 1 What is the time? The time is four (4:00). 1 Now the time is six It was three (3:00). + (6:00). It will be five (5:00). | _ Itwas five (5:00). ! It will be seven (7:00). t ,What is the time? What is the time? Now the time is eight Now the time is ten (8:00). (10:00). It was seven (7:00). tt was'nine (9:00). It will be nine (9:00). it will be eleven (11:00). These are the numbers from one to twelve. What is the time? ee One, two, three, four, ae. 00). is twelve five, six, seven, eight, it was el (11.00). ning, ten eleven, It will be one (1:00). . The two hands are at twelve now. 36What are things? 1} A house is a thing. Houses are things. A hat is a thing. Hats are things. Doors and windows are things. Tables and seats are things. There are two persons in this room. They are a boy and a girl. pA The girl is at the door. The boy is at the window. This is a man. This is a woman. ‘ \ This is a boy. i ' This is a girl. ‘ Men and women and boys and girls are not things. They are persons. You are a person. | The girl will go to the window, She will be with the Boy at the window. She will be with him at the window.The gir! is going to the window. Where was she? [——]__ She was at the door. + She went to the window. _ | Where is she now? 38 They are ai the window together. She is with him at the window. . He is with her at the window. These books are together on the shelf. ‘ ' ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' . ‘ ' 1 “QL ene ee ' ' ' ' ’ ' 1 ' ' ' ' ‘ ————_—"—======== These books are not together. They are on the shelf, but they are not together.The girl and the boy will go from the window. ie They are going from the window. They were at the window. They went from the window. She went with him and he went with her. rye eee Now they are at the door together, The boy is with the girl at the door. She is at the door again.This is my head. That is her head. These are my eyes. ‘ Her eyes are open. ! [aml | i — ' This is | Her eyes are shut. This is the ' one other |! eye. eye. | \ ‘ 40My eyes are open. Isee. Her eyes are shut. She does not see. Now her eyes are open. She sees. - What does she see? She sees me. I see her. Our eyes are open. Her eyes are open. <> <> She sees. They were shut. She did not see. rat She did not see me. eet Her eyes are shui. Inne Trt They were open. She saw. What did she see? CEE cy She saw me. 4aAman has a mouth, Shave a mouth. A man has two eyes. Thave two eyes. om a These are my eyes. Aman has c nose. Uhave a nose. LE ° This is my nose. This m man's mouth i is His mouth is shut. » He will say “mouths.” This is my mouth. Heis ‘saying “mouth.” His mouth is shut, He is saying “mouths.” { He said “mouths.” | He is not saying He is net sayi ! “mouths” now. Hei or seying ; His mouth is shut again. 42They are on a shelf. cSS> ' i ' Thave the book in my ‘hand now. : ott the shelf. It This book is between the : was between the other other two books. | two books on the shelf. | These are the fingers of These are the pages of 1 my hand. the book. : i ' i This ' finger These are the covers of ; is the book. : between , other two The pages are between ; _ fingers of my hand. the covers of the book. | 43My nose Is between my eyes, And it is between my eyes and my mouth, My mouth Is under my My nose is over my mouth. Our noses are over our mouths. The light Is over the table. wy TI SA The dog is under the table, This is a clock. ft is on the wall. It is over the bookshelves. COT} COT CUT) The bookshelves are under the clock,This is his hair. These are his ears. It is short, | ° * Where are her ears? This is her hair. It is long. : 1 ' 1 1 They are under her hair, ' 1 t ' ' 4 1 | Her hair is over her ears, ' This is his head, % This is the face of the clock. The clock has two hands, a long hand and a short hand. The long Rese foes. and hand is at 5. The short ‘ " hand is between 7 and 8. his mouth are parts of his face. 45Aclock has a face. it has no nose. u It has no eyes.

It has no mouth. The long hand of the clock is between one and two. One is before two. Two is between one and three. Three is after two and two is after one. 46 It has a face and two hands, the long hand —->- and the short hand. —> have this book in my hands. It was on the shelf with the other books.” It was between the other two books before I took it from the shelf,‘ ' Thave itin my hand. + lam putting it between | : : : 1 ' t ‘ ' the other two books. Then it will be with the other books. This is a room. What do you see in the room? Do you see the floor and three walls of the room? Do you see them? Now it is on the shelf again. It was in my hand. I had it in my hand. It is not in my hand. Where is it? Do you see a door ano two windows? Is one of the windows open? Is the other window shut? Do you see two seats and the bookshelves between them? Do you see the clock over the bookshelves? Yes. I see them. These things are in the room. The room is ina house. 47“ib bit Which are his feet? These are my hands. This is a face. Which is my right hand? Which is my left hand? Eyes, nose, and mouth 1 Which are my thumbs? are parts of a face, Which are my fingers? Which are the eyes? Which is the nose? Which is the mouth? eee This is his head. ' °o ' ~ ' “MN ' These are ' his arms. ' t These ore ‘ his legs. i ' . This is a man. ' These are his feet. Which are his erst ! Which are his hands? + se abs, Which are his legs? | What is this? + ' 'He has a Ce. mene ‘ — : This is his body. | ‘ She has a body. ' All men and ‘women and boys and ‘ irls have bodi His head, his arms, ‘ airs neve meas his legs, and his body ' : This baby are parts of a man. has a body. OF sew erecenae nese ennnneeeoneecnees This dog has a body. ‘This isa dog’s head. : This is his a ; : Semen! o , , ' rN This is his body. } Which is his mouth? ie has four legs anda 1 Which are his eyes? ead and tail Heh 48; = Which ore his ears? no arms or hands, 1 Which is hi: ? he has feet. His head, his » ren ters nose body, his legs, and his} t tail are parts of a dog. 3 Saxas 1633 49This is a foot. These ore toes. They are parts of a foot. These parts of a foot are its toes. This is a toe. —S] Ow is aneck. It is o part of a man. It is between his head and his body. The part which is between his head and his body is his neck. 50 This is a leg \ This is a knee. ltis part of a leg. This part of a leg is its knee. Our legs are parts of us. This is a man’s head, e) This is his chin. Itis under his mouth. {tis a part of his face. The part which is under his mouth is his chin.This is a man's body. This is his body. ; O The part ! whichis 1 between; This part hishead, ! of him is hisarms, ! his chest. and his ! pots dy. : This is a chest of drawers. ' i=, = 1 This man has his finger | This baby is on his on his chin. hands and knees. Fr. This baby is on his hands and feet. This baby is on This man has his his knees. hand on his chest, This baby is on his feet. 3 stse ‘Answers to these questions are on page 56. 53QUESTIONS What is he saying? > Flac Answers to these questions are on page 57.What do you see? QUESTIONS ‘Answers to these questions are on page 57. 55Answers to questions on pages 52-53. Page 52 a The dog is in a room. ¢ He is at the window. e He is under the table. g He is between the table and the seat. Page 53 o Isee a clock. The time is four. ¢ (see a woman's face. e Isee two books. One of them is open. The other is shut. q I see two babies. One of them is on his hands and knees. The other is on his feet. 56 b He is at the door. d He is under the seat. f He is on the table. h He is on the seot. b I see a man's face. d I see o baby. He is on his hands and knees. f I see two girls. One of them is giving a book to the other. h I see a chest of drawers.Answers to questions on pages 54-55. Page 54 a He is saying, “These are my ears.” ¢ He is saying, “These are my eyes.” e Heis saying, “This finger is between these fingers.” @ He is saying, “This is my hair.” Page 55 a tsee a boy anda girl. They are at a window. ¢ !see aroom. it has two seats in it. It has two windows and a door. One of the windows is open. The other window is shut. The door of the room is open. A picture is on the wall. He is saying, “This is my mouth.” He is saying, “This is my thumb.” He is saying, “This is my nose.” He is saying, “This is my head.” rr lc hme b tseeaclock ona table. The time is four. d [see a man. He has his finger on his chin. One of his eyes is open. The other eye is shut. His mouth is shut. He has no hair on his head, 7Who is this? He is John Smith. His name is John Smith. | Where is John Smith? He has his hand in He is at the door of his pocket. his house. He is taking a key from his pocket. These are other keys.ele will put the key in He is putting the key the lock of the door. ji in the lock. He is giving a push to the door. The door is open now. He is giving a turn to the key. ry 1 1 ' ' ' ' ‘ 1 1 1 ' ' ! eS y t ' t ( . t t 1 1 ! ' 1 1John took the key from the lock. He is putting it in his pocket. He will go into his house. He is going into the house. This is a room in the He went into the house. house. He is in the house. 's John in the room? The door is shut. No, he is not. an He will come into the room. ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ! oc? ‘ ' ' | ' 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 ‘ 60He is coming into the Mr. Smith came into room, the room. . He will go to the table. He went to the table, She is in the house but she is not in the room. She is in another room in the house. ' ' i ' ' ‘ ' ' ' 1 1 1 ' 1 ' ‘ 1 1 1 1 ' ‘ ‘ ' t ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ is Mrs. Smith in the room? Who is this? This is Mary Smith. She is Mrs. Smith. Her name is Mary Smith, 61This is one of the windows of the room. This is one of the doors of the room. me is another windon, Rela And this is onother window. One window is oper The other windows are shut. This is one of my fingers. / This is the other door. This is one of my hands. It is my left hand. This is my other hand. This is my left thumb. It is my right hand, These are the other fingers of my left hand, 62' 1 Mrs. Smith is not inthe | Mr. Smith is in the room. room, She went out of the room. 7 She went through < this door. He came through this door. Mr. Smith is putting his He put his hat on the hat on the table. table. It is on the table now. He went out of the room He will go out of the through this door. room through this door.She is going ta the table. room. Mary is coming into the Pw nn wow oe won gp en en cme nnn wenn nn= She sees it. She will see the hat.She saw it. When did she see it? She saw it after she went to the table. Writes) qe eee cen www eww nn pee mcesceseeencnnce Gohns batt) (PAs s2non nn, ‘ ‘What is that? $ \ John's hat! / sy pacer 65She will take the hat in She is taking it. her hand. ay ey EO errs 1 She took it in her hand. | She went out of the She is going out of the room with John’s hat. room. She has the hat in her hand,She is in another room She came into this room ov this wal She What ore these? They are hooks. ces That is another hat. It is on a hook. has the hat with her. 1 1 + 1 ' t ' She will put John's hat | She put it on the hook. on a hook. ' i ’ 1 : | She will put it ona hook ! Now it is with the other with the other hat, | The other hat is one of { Mary's hats. ‘ o 67John is coming into the room again, The hat is not on the table. 1 He came into the room. 1: He went to the table. He is there now. He is saying, Where is my hat? I put it on the table. wwe a a nw oo ns ew mw ee wn pa cee ene woe eee“Where is my hat? It is not on my head, It isn't = meee c we cesssocccce “It isn’t (is not) here.” A Here is Mary. She is coming into the room. “Where is it? Mary, She says, “Here | am.” where is my hat? Where are you, Mary?” DF wee wc e a enn nn en en nn nn ho nnn we enw enn nnn nnn nn nn nee 69“You put it on the table. “Where is your hat?” It was on the table.” awe enn cows ew enn ony eee san ann anne eneee “It is on a hook there. “Itook it. | putit in the You will see it there.* other room.” Ow ee we we we we eee nw ew be ete cme ween e ne nn- 70pone says, “I will get my He is getting it. eS Tome cnennnmncooenetanncacenaaccanenan He went out of the room. AL Did he get it? Yes. He has it. ft| He came into the room 1 again with the hat in his | hands. When he saw the hat he | He got it. took it off the hook. He is giving the hat to Mary. “See what is in the hat, Mary!" 72What isin the hat? What is she taking from 1 Mary will see. ' hat? t ‘ - ot t 1 4 t ' 1 ' V ' ' ' . ' ‘ swmennccnnccceccee $eeecnnananccscesse 1 1 t What is that inher =| han ‘ 1 1 1 J ' eteeene------->Where was the hat? It was on the table, i What did she see? She saw the hat. She did not see the money. What does she see? One thousand dollars. gc) The money is in her hand. it was in the hat. eww eee peewee een} come meereeesacsoes Does she see the money now? She put the hat in the Yes, she sees it. other room. John went there and got it. Jo Who got it? John did, Oh John! Where did you get it? een nn ne nn nn ne hn nt enn et tne eee ee 742 Ce 5 < ‘ f¥ &) if S 2? r 58 I was in the street. Iwas coming here. I went after my hat. Pema menace cmeemcece}ecccewecccceccccenThe wind came. My hat The money was under ‘ went up the hat. ' When the wind came, : my hat went up. SN AT | : ' up The hat was over the: money. : ‘ ere ce we coc eeweww no} eo cece ccc csonsened it was over the The hat came down again. The money was under the hat. f 5 /uP DOWN é + “2. seeroeeWhat is Mary doing? They are knives, forks and spoons. knife — fork spoon Seiten hie 4 | 4 17g What are those things in the drawer? The drawer has knives, forks and spoons in it. a fork and a spoon the drawer. in her right hand. She will put them on the table. These are drawers. One of them is open. The other two drawers a 1 t ‘ ‘ ' \ ‘ i ' ‘ ‘ \ ' 1 ‘ + ‘ Mary has a knife, | She took them from ‘ , ’ ' 1 ' : ' ' ' : t ' 1 t ‘are shut, 77John is taking the seats is ett the . inal oad Alle wii to the table. These are plates of soup- John is in his seat. They are in their seats Mary is in her seat at at the table. the table. 78Now they are taking their soup. Q © = 8 They have their spoons in their hands. wee een eww cnc econe + John said, “I saw it there under the hat.’ Mary said, “But who put it there?’ ewe ee eee ee eee ene eee eee John is saying to Mary, “IT took the hat up.’” OO Mary is saying to John, “Where did the money come from?” John said, “Nobody put it there. The money was there and the wind came and put the hat down over the money.” Nobodyaeno man or woman or boy or girl or baby.3 2 80 {And what will you get? I will get a new dress. x This dress is new. This dress is old J will get a new pipe. This pipe is new. Cc. This pipe is old. Q e SaMary is getting the new ! dress. She is in a store. The other woman has two dresses in her hands. This is the store. | coins stone | THING STORE ALA 1 ' t ' : These are shoes. ' SS They are women’s shoes. ! i These are gloves, | Dresses and stockings $ and shoes and ! are clothing. ‘ : 4 Banas 1633 81This is o branch ssa» of the tree. An apple: 1 is on this “> ' branch. 1 It is over ' ' ' t t 1 i t This is a tree. | ‘ 1 1 the girl’s head. She will take the apple from the branch. She will put her hand up. | She put her hand up. She took the apple. It is in her hand. She took the apple which is in her hand, She has it in her hand, She is putting it in her basket. wae e ene mene ewes ee} come nne sees ena= ooo She put it in her bosket. She had it in her hand before she put it in her basket. It was on the branch ' before she put her hand | up and took it, ' 82 After she took the apple she put it in the basket, Then she put her basket down. The apple was up on the tree. Now it is down in theWhen wos the apple on the branch? “P When wos itover her | When did she take #? It was on the branch She took it ofter she put her hand up. before she took it. It wos 1 She took it then. ‘on the branch then. ' ' ' Peewee cee me wen cna fp eow ene cenococesees 1 J 1 When did she puttin | When did she have the the basket? , aq pple in her hand? ‘ i t t | She had it in her hand {after she took it from | the branch and before ! she put it in the basket, She put it in the basket ! after she took itfrom 1 the branch. \ 4* 83This is a box. This is the front of the This is the front of the box. house. This is the front door. meee wee mene wenn nnn y ees eme eee eceeecewe ' This isthe back of the | This is a coat, box. ' ' VW ' ' ' ‘ 1 ' ' 1 ' And these are the sides’ | of the box. ' ' \ This is the front of the ' coat. 't t 1 These are the arms of ' the coat. ! ' I 1 = e- ' t 1 ' These are the sides ot | And this isthe back of the coat. | the coat. t ' t ee een v are a man's arms. Wh a are his sides. And this is his back. 85What is that? What is Who Is this? This is Mrs, Smith. jigetmans’ She is Mary Smith, She has a tray in her ‘Mary Smith” is her hands, name. Lf OD, M be Cena wwn cen conecccntcccseesccnscocooca She will put the tray on the table. = LB& She Is putting the tray on the table. (iShe put the tray on the table. Here is the tray. | / hay it on the tray? {t was in her hands. it is on the table now. emeeevecensn-cwwe These are glasses, What are these? / 0 0 They are spoons. What is this? / What are thset IP They are forks. It is another spoon, ' ' ' ' s 1 ' ' ' 1 ' ' 1 What is this? f : What is this? Gea=> J ' J ‘ J ' ‘ ' ' ' ' e Itis a knife. It is a plate, What are these? They are two other knives. These are three other plates. > => 87Mrs, Smith is taking o knife and fork off the tray. the table. She has them in her A A wee e ene ee cee w weap ewen nnn name e ence en She is putting them on She put the knives and forks and spoons and plates and glasses on the table, She put these things on the table, eS! Crm Now she is putting the plates on the table. N _=\ 8Mary Smith will go from the table to the door. She is going to the door. The door is shut. Mary Smith is not in the room. She was in the room, She went out of the She went out of the room, The door is open now. It was shut.What Is this? Whot Is this? tt is a knife. Coweewc coco cwenecc} comcnecccccceccece Oe 0 What is this? What is this?Mary is making soup. These are potatoes, OOO =} This is a bottle of milk. = ' It Is cow's milk. This is pote of soup. ' DTT > | i This is a cow. 1 1 ' She will make the soup | from milk and potatoes. ' enn e mew we me weer nen} ones ssenmcenncsece Cows are animals, These are some other animals. ons bn Mary is putting some milk in a cup. The milk is going into wn' ' h We get potatoes from wore” Potato in ‘ the roots of a plant. ' ' 4 i ' ‘ | Here they are in the She is toking its skin off ' earth. if fe. wath o keife \ We get them up with a t fork. I \ , Oe eee This is a plant. ' This is its flower. These are roots of other plants. 92Mary is making the soup. a> &D es She put the potatoes in the pot. The water in the pot is boiling. This is steam. é= This is the pot. AT This is the cover of the pot. She will make the soup in this pot. This is a flame. The pot is over the flame. The flame is under the pot, 93This water is boiling. It is giving off steam. The heat of the flame is ' making it give off steam. | lee is solid. This is ice, LN Water is a liquid. This is water. This is a tray. irisa tray ef lee, Tl. Hr WwW Ice is cold, Wee ene nn nn nnn ee ee The room is warm. The heat of the flame is making the room warm, The things in the room are warm. ice is not warm. It Is cold. 80This Is o plane, It Is in the air. it Is going through the alr, These ore planes. peemwcocowc cc cceee} cocceenanccccceocos We take in air through | our mouths and through { The air is coming our noses. { out. Its warm. ! When it comes ‘out it is warm. ' ‘ 3 | ‘ The air comes in. Then | . Put your hand ft goes out That isa ' here Your { bworm. : ‘ ‘ ’ 95The room is warm. The air over the flame alt 100° Oem wwe come ew ewe en} cocwe=cnceserccoces t ' ' Isyvery warm. The water in the pot is | very warm, H goes up. Wis boing, 1 tytytetytyyt ‘ S f si ‘ oe “PETIT | The air under the fame 1 is not very warm. It goes ' up fo the flame. ' ‘ This is the fridge It has ice in it. The air in the fridge is — — — This is the fridge Mary keeps the milk in °o the fridge She keeps it in the cold air. The air in the fridge is Thisis These are cold. The cold air keeps the milk, 09s milk cold. 96This is an instrument for measuring heat, This is a clock. ' ' ' | very warm i ‘ Warm Adlock is an instrument ! Cold for measuring time. ! t Very cold seeee ne nmeensmasengecennencceensseees 4 ee | This is This is a measure. ' Mary's foot. t Itisa yard measure. ; (NUN There are three feet in + These are her feet. ' : ’ ' : ' : ‘ a yard, ‘ : L \ ' There are twelve inches | in a foot. : —— { Thists John’s foot It is ten inches long. 97The walls and floor of the fridge are thick. [L__ This Is a thin line. This is a thick line. wow e www c owen nnsnee John is having a drink. He is having a drink of milk from a glass. 9 The milk is good. John is happy. 98 eS TT) i y Warm y air rT #7 = 2 “3 The thick walls keep the heat of the room out of the fridge. They keep the heat from the milk. e The cold air In the fridge keeps the milk This milk is not good. it is bad. » John is not happy.1 t ‘ Thisismeat, | This is bread. ' 1 ! ET ‘ ' ‘ t aD t | Mary does not keep the | bread in the fridge. ‘She keeps it ina Mary keeps the meatin | bread-box. the fridge. ‘ ‘ ee weww nny \ t This is butter. This is cheese. ' Sp t ay, ' ' : ‘ : ‘ () 1 We make butter from milk. We make cheese from + Mary keeps the butter milk. 1 with the milk in the We get milk from cows. | fridge. ! She keeps the cheese 1 there.These are apples. oo These are oranges, Apples and oranges are bees Mary keep the fruit in the fridge? eww enen coe eoowwwnnde ’ What is the fime? Q) It fs five-thirty (5:30). Mary is making the soup. The p potatoes are in the pot. The water in the pot; is boiling, ' ' ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ‘ » ‘ ‘ 1 1 ‘ ' ' ' : ' 9 0 4 , , e What is the time? The time is five (5:00). It is five. Mary will make the soup. tt Is five-forty (5:40). @) Mary has a fork in her hand. is putting the fork She into the potatoes.The potatoes are hard. 1 {tis five-fifty (5:50). The fork does not go ing th into then, hon iF is putting the fork She is doing it again. ct emewwne coo cwocooon} on cco ewesoconencen t The potatoes are soft. i The fork goes into them. + J i Cy ' t t ae ' She is taking them out 6 pot and putting ! them on a plate. i 4 ' ‘ iy 101a e a The potatoes are on the | Mary is crushing them plate. with a fork. SD 1 . ‘ They were in the pot. | They were hard. t They are soft now. 1 They are not hard now. ‘ They are soft. ‘ a srocreccccewwocreteccccocercconcconm Bread is soft. = is hard. Meat is soft. Butter is soft. 5 A ew eee ene ee eee eee ene nen eee ne 102These are teeth. . ’ ' John has a bit of ' He is putting the bit of cheese in his fingers. | cheese in his mouth. ‘ : ' o ‘ ‘ i i ‘ i ' { ee ee 1 ‘ : Now it is between his i The cheese is not soft. teeth. ' : ' tt is hard. i Thisis his mouth. | —) ‘ ' is i i John’s teeth do not go This is @ tooth. i" i into the cheese. ' t t 103the Mai potatoes ond te mal and other things into the pot. This is salt. Pet (See page 242) ot CS She put the pot over a low flame. She put the cover on the pot. cl —— The low flame ts under the pot. semen nnn w we ccc cetecesmencncenccncce This flame is low. oS This flame is high. dui Been nen cee enn en eee nen eee This building is high. otf 9 This building is low. t)What is the time? It is six (6:00). D Mary Is tasting the soup. Jt has a good taste, The soup is ready. Now she is putting the soup in the plates. tt Now S was in the pot. Ss => it is in the plates. eeem ewe nwcwcw cence} cccwcsccwccecccnce She made the soup. She pvt it in the plates. She took them to the table. The plates are on the table. The soup is ready. It is good soup. Mary made it. 105ou a milk, > — An apple GF An orange 1 ' ' , 1 1 i butter, = shea 6 o O apples, oranges ' OO OQ ' . ! Apples and oranges are food ! are different sorts of They are different ' fruit. sorts of food. ' seneecenn- wom ecw ent ecccccweccececesce These are different } sorts of glasses. , } Y | Glasses and boxes and | fingers and dresses These are different | and flames are things. sorts of boxes. ! They are different 1 sorts of things. ‘ t ' ‘ ' ' 4 !These are different sorts of plants. ~ This Is the leaf of one sort of plant. on ay and pis oS and Ae and oon “Ph are animals. They are different sorts of animals. This is the leaf of another sort of plant, These are the same. O00000 These are different. 40x0 These plates are the same. => & These plates are different. S> — These glasses are the same. 0 0 These are different.(] 0 107 These are the same. These are different, ae) prt ttre nen eg eee ee eee eee| | | | | | | Here are a woman ' e ‘ ‘ Here are a woman and a boy. {anda girl. : e A ‘ ik h t ‘ t e ‘ The boy is the ' The girl is the womans son. ¢ woman's daughter. She is his mother. ¢ The woman is her He is her son. ‘mother. ‘ ‘ wmmewon cee een momen pee wcon coon ecesece Here are a man and Here are a man She is his daughter. { his son. ‘ and his daughter. ' 4 iM ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ . The man is the father ! He is the father of the boy. + of the girl. He is the boy's father. + He is the girl's father. i :The boy is the brother of the girl. The girl is the sister of the boy. She is the boy's sister. She is his sister. He is the girl’s brother. He is her brother. r 4 This man and woman ih two sons This boy has one brother and three sisters. ‘This girl has two "brothers and two sisters. They are a family of ' 1 ' seven (7). ‘ ' ' ' ' ' , ' ’ ' ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' ‘ ‘ , ‘ ' 1 ’ ‘ ‘ + ' ‘ ' ® 4 e i s . ’ , ’ ’ ' '‘ '’ and three daughters. 109Here are Mrs. Smith, her daughter Jane, and her son Tom. Potato soup is a thick soup. It is not clear. Thick soup and clear we ene nnn nae eee cencccene They are at the table. soup are two different They are having their; S0Fts of soup. Potato soup. Sennen enn cweweeet eoecececcn--- weece This water is clear. When a ( liquid is clear we : Ot) ' ' t t t ' ' ‘ ‘ ' seo { through it. {The air is clear. I see $ the mountains. ' When the air is not milk ' clear | do not see them. isnot acleare ™ ' liquid. We — do not see : through it. : ‘ 1104 This soup is clear. We see the spoon through it. Potato soup is a thick soup. We do not see the spoon through it. 5 This is the soup. Mary made it. This is the soup which Mary made. $o--------- +e = ee Who is this? This is Mary Smith. She made the soup. This is Mary who made the soup. This is the milk. Mary put it in the soup. This is the milk which Mary put in the soup. WtThis is a spoon. It is in my hand. That is a This is a spoon which glass of . wt hand. water. It is ‘sin my nan on the table. That is a glass of water which is on the table. Cee ew ewww ccm wewent ewcwcc ewe eereccece Sf This is a bone. It was in the dog’s mouth. This is a bone which was in the dog's mouth. This is a dog. He had the bone. This is the dog who had it. 112c What is this? d What are these? we ee ae ew erent www mee w nnn nn cone t 1 1 ' ' e What are these? ' f What is this? Lec en eee eee eee eee Prvroceneeesecesces 1 3 ' 1 1 ‘ g => TP. ‘ Answers are on page 116. Saxas 1633 WN3¢ What is this? =| ag What are these? eeeee we ee we men nt encom wee we eeeseeee f What a e What are these? 5 3axas 1633 113QUESTIONS a What is this? b What is this? Answers are on page 116.QUESTIONS @ This is a family. Ms b This is.a plant. Which parts of the peennen- eee What doyousee? plant do you see? __ ¢ This is a fridge. d This is a dog. [LDssss. What do you see in if? Which parts of the dog do you see? e What do you see? f What do you see? iS h What do you see?Answers to questions on pages 113-115. Page 113 a The time is four-forty-two (4:42). ¢ Itis a pot. e They are roots, g Itis butter. Page 114 a Itis cheese. ¢ They are flames. e It is a high building. g ltisapig. Page 115 a Isee a father and mother and their son and daughter. ¢ | see a bottle of milk and four eggs and two roots. e I see a bone. It is on the floor. And I see the leg of a table. g | see a woman. She has a spoon in her hand. She is tasting the soup. 116 b They are apples. d They are leaves. f It is a bottle of milk. h It is bread. b Itisacup. d Itis a horse. - f They are a box and its cover. h Itis a sheep. b I see its roots and its stem and its leaves and its flower. d Isee its head and ears and nose, its body, its legs, and its tail. f I see two glasses. One of them has liquid in it. h I see a man. He has a glass in his hand. He is having a drink from the glass.QUESTIONS a Where are the ‘women? Kafe What has one woman in her hands? b What are these? 50 o e QO What is the girl [PR doing? K3 Where is the apple? e What are some different sorts of food? d Where will she put the apple? Where was it before she took it? (See pages 82-83) * What are some different sorts of animals? TT g What are some different sorts of Fruits? h What are some different sorts of persons? Answers are on page 120 "7QUESTIONS ‘ i @ This is ' a glass ' of milk. t - Is it clear? Do you see; 5 Is the glen i in this through it? | window clear? : What do you see ‘ through the window? ¢ ts glass hard? d ls meat soft? e lsice warm? f Are flames cold? ” = Cr one ‘Answers are on page 121. 118QUESTIONS 7 a What do you see? { b What is he doing? ‘ d What are these? f What are some different sorts of things? Give the names of ten different things which you see in a house.Answers to questions on page 117. a They are in-a store. lt is a clothing store. She has two dresses in her hands, The girl is putting her hand up to the cpple. It is on a branch of an apple tree, a Bread, butter, milk, cheese, meat, eggs, and fruit are different sorts of food, Apples and oranges are different sorts of fruit, b These are shoes (women's shoes) and stockings and gloves. d She will put it in her basket. Before she took the apple it was on the tree. ~ Cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and horses are different sorts of animals, fh Men, women, boys, girls, and babies are different sorts of persons,Answers to questions on pages 118-119. Page 118 a No, it is not clear. No, I do not see through it. ¢ Yes. Glass is hard. e No. Ice is cold. 9 He is taking potatoes out of the earth with a fork. Page 119 a |seea man. He is in a street. His hat is in the air. The wind is taking it up. The wind took it off his head. ¢ They are in their seats at the table. They have their spoons in their hands. They are taking their soup. e We keep the milk, butter, cheese, eggs, meat, and fruit in the fridge. b d h Yes. The glass in the window is clear. | see some mountains and a house. Yes. Some meat is soft, But some meat is hard. No. Flames are not cold. She is putting some salt in the potato soup. b*He is putting his hat d on his head. One of them is a clock. The other is an instrument for _ measuring heat. Rooms and doors and windows and tables and seats and boxes and knives and spoons and forks and shelves... are different sorts of things. 121This isa bedroom. There are two beds in it. What is on the seat? A bag is on the seat, pe ee wee now ww en Fa nn nn nnn ne nnn This seat is by the bed. A woman is by the bed. Who is she? She is Mrs. Smith.- What is she doing? What is she putting into She is putting things‘ the bag? She is putting into the bag. Mr. Smith's things into it. ' ' t ‘ ! 1 1 1 ' ' ' t t ‘ ' t t ' ' t ' ‘ ' 4 1 ' t Dawe nnn mem m ee eenen te ecewenenscseesese Mr. Smith is going to California. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are in New York State. He will go by train. This is a train. From New York State to California is a long journey. 1 ' 1 ' t ‘ 1 t ’ ' 1 ' 1 1 1 ‘ 1 1’ ' 1 1 1 1 1 ‘ 1 t ' 123What will he take with him to California? He will take some shirts. Ot wm tome mm een wnte. He will take new socks, New socks have no holes in them. 124 1 ' ' ' ‘ 1 ' ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ‘ ' ' 1 1 1 ’ ' ‘ 1 1 1 1 ‘ + He will take some socks. Woe He will not'take old socks. Old socks have holes in them. These trousers have a hole in them, They are old trousers.He will take some shoes. He will put them in a shoe bag. 1 The shoe bag will keep the other things clean. i The bag is between the shoes and the shirt. The shoes will not make the shirt dirty. meen wee een enna} sane en eweeeenseooe My hands are dirty. My hands are clean. fh This cloth is dirty. ie | \ This cloth is clean. 125This plate is clean. O This plate is dirty. His face is dirty. ce His face is clean. 8 Cece mee enn enn cece nt eoccccacocosoose= Now the cloth is dirty but the plate is clean. The plate is dirty but the cloth is clean.This is a basin. This is warm water in it. Pawn wn woe mew eww en} eneceeceeencoocucn and warm water. 1 What is she doing? t ws ' lS 1 4 a ~~< ' Ny a ' Her ponds ore wet now + . but they are clean. They She is washing her ' ¢ hands with soap i were dirty. ‘ ' 127Her hands were wet. v ‘ 4 a 4 4 ' : ‘ t ‘ ‘ ' ' ' ‘ i i What is she doing? t — ~S She is drying her hands! Wow they are dry. t t + ona cloth, They were dirty. Now they are clean. What is this? It is a brush. She is putting some It is a toothbrush. toothpaste on the brush. What is this? Ht is toothpaste, 126Now she is brushing her teeth. > Her teeth will be clean. They will be clean and white. What is this? It is a comb. (venue cacti And this? It is a brush. It is a hairbrush. wow cee coc eew eee en} ccc nwo ecooooocsrce She is brushing her hair. \ ’ ' ' ! ' v ' ' ’ ’ ' ' ' 1 1 J 1 ' ' ' t ' 1 1 1 ' 1 ' Now she is combing her hair.What are these? This pin — — —_—_— —— is like this pin. They are pins. But they are two pins. They are not the same pin. They are different pins. _— One pin is very like onother pin. — eee we eee ene nnn n+ She has a hairpin in 1 ' her hand. ! She is putting it in her ! hair. =—_— ! 1 =, ! == OE These are three hairpins. ' They are different ' hairpins. ' ’ 130Now it is in her hair. it was in her hand. It is in her hair now. But it is the same hairpin. He is brushing his hair. He does not put pins in his hair te ew cow ween e np eowoneaecaeseoscce Mrs. Smith put some shirts and some socks and shoes (in a shoe bag) and a comb and brushes and toothpaste and soap and a wash cloth in Mr. Smith's bag. She put all these things in his bag. ig eM > [ResMr. Smith will go to the station in a taxi. This is the station. The taxi is in front of the station. The time is 8:00. He has his bag with him.s The train will go at 8:30, This is a taxi. Mr. Smith is getting into it. 1 ee wwe ween momen} oe cc ws ee ewneeennce ? ' Mr. Smith is getting out | Now he is going into of the taxi. the station. JOO00 7] XI Ss 132This is the waiting room Here is a train. in the station, weeeeeeee eee This is the engine of a train. —asprd? Those men and women on the seats in the waiting room are waiting. They are waiting for their trains. Hite@e\©,9, 0,8 peceeneene em wen wed ee ee sense soso ceeos t These are rails. The train | goes on these rails. ! It is a railroad train, : : mom ALO i 1 1 NG TSS ao —$————— ' Here is the ticket office 1 inthe station. i Mr. Smith got his ticket 1 here. ' ' 133Here is his ticket. He gave $132.35 for his ticket, How much was his ticket for the journey to Los Angeles? It was one hundred and thirty-two dollars and thirty-five cents ($132.35). These are tickets. Pew ewen cece en cme wnt coecccceesrssco==a How long is the journey? Four days. Which days will he be How much money did he take with him for his on the train? journey? He will be on the train He took five hundred Sunday, Monday, and nineteen dollars Tuesday, Wednesday. ($519.00). The other days of the Much money: $5000 week are Thursday, Little money:$5 Friday, Saturday.Mr. Smith has friends in California. / Mr. Smith — His friends Here are his friends. He and his friends are shaking hands, (See page 254) His friends were waiting for him at the station. te f onmesnmcccococccos= They say, “Did you have . @ good journey?” His friend says, “Let ma He says, “Yes, but it have your bag, please.” was a long journey.” He will go with his friends to their house) ‘iM 135 ew ee ww en ee enn ee wee nn re peewee enThis is a letter: a. These are letters: a, b, c. This is a word: man. Three letters make the word man. The man is writing a letter. He is writing on paper with a pe This is the letter: It is in Mr. Roe's writing. Mr. Roe will send the letter to Mr. Doe. Here is the letter ready 1 This is the back of the for the post. letter. Mr. Roe’s name, and the town where he is living in Here is the stamp. Mr. Doe's name and are on the back of the street and town are on letter. the letter. Me. is short for Maine. Mass. is short for Bar Harbor is in Maine. Massachusetts. Massachusetts and Middlefield is in Maine are two states Massachusetts. of the United States of America. 136Mr. Smith is writing | card to Mrs. Smith He is ! Here is the other side of in San Francisco. On one ! the cord. side of the card isa picture of the harbor. Here is the picture. This is a picture post card. « Mr. Smith is putting Mrs. Smith's name on it. He will put her street under the name. He will put her town under the street. Then he will put the | State where her town is. es eee ccc en dp annscewnnceeecncen Now the card is ready {| Mr. Smith is taking the for the post. card to the Post Office, He is going up the steps, E t i) t 1 ' 1 1 1 1 I 1 There isa stamp onthe | card. ' Mrs. Smith's name and | street and town are on ' ' t ' t ! 1 ' the right hand side of He will put the card in the card. the letter box on the wall Mrs. Smith's town is in of the Post Office. New York State. He is sending the card to Mrs. Smith. 137This morning Mrs. Smith got the card which Mr. Smith sent to her from San Francisco, She is reading it now. She is reading: “I had a good journey. ...” Mrs. Smith is sending Jane and Tom to school. They will be at school before nine. They get good teaching at school, 138 ' ' Reading and writing are parts of our education. We get a great part of our education at school. These boys and girls are at school. The teacher is teaching them. cas 47 BI E> cg 7 cB cB ch At school, Tom and Jane are learning. They were reading and now they are writing. Tam is writing the word learning on the board. The teacher is teaching him the word learning.Now Tom and Jane are back from school. Jane is reading a story. Itis eight-thirty. Tom is writing at the table. Tom's dog is at his feet. ¥ Mrs. Smith is reading the newspaper. oI ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 ' ‘ 1 1 t ' 1 1 1 ' ' t t t 1 t 1 ' Tom and Jane are getting a good education. They get some of it at school, and they get some of it from their mother and father. Mrs. Smith is taking a look at Tom's work. It is good work. Rs Pome we cee eeeccesn} easccencccccccesce Now Mrs. Smith is ' writing a letter to Mr. | Smith. She sends love | from Tom and Jane to ! their father. She will send the letter to Mr. Smith. She has the letter in her hand. Now she is letter. She sent the letter. . 139QUESTIONS ? a What are these? b What ore these’ Cp What is this boy doing? i ¢ What are these? [> What is the girl doing? d What is this? Za What is the woman doing? Answers are on page 148. bowen nn- eee e+ ee 4 eee +e eee eee ee 140QUESTIONS a On page 133, where | did Mr. Smith get his ! ticker? mith aot a3 b How much was the { ticket? ‘ t ‘ t ween nee nee en eee Beene ee eee nee eee ' ‘ ¢ Howlongwasthe { d Didhegoinan Journey to Los : airplane? Angeles? ! 1 ' 1 + e What did his friends say to him when they saw him? f What did he say on the card which he sent to Mrs. Smith? h What did Mrs. Smith send to Mr. Smith from Tom and Jane? g What are Tom and Jane learning at school? tt pee ene ee on eee ee ee, Answers are on page 148. tThis is a plate. The plate is round. —— >) This is an orange. The orange is round. The face of the clock is round. The hands of the clock go round. The moon is round. 142 ween ee et ee ee ee ee ee ee This is the earth. arp oe The earth is round. This is the sun. This is the sky. This is a cloud in the sky. This is the earth,The sun comes up in the It comes up every East. morning. re aN It goes down every The sun goes down in ° night. i ly - the West. \ | x What is the time? It is five-twenty (5:20) p.m. | marek now at five-twenty (5:20) p.m. What is the time? It is five-eight a.m. ly t The sun is coming up now at five-eight (5:08) a.m. wt eee en en Hen nn ba en re nn = = een nee 143Yesterday the sun came up at five-seven (5:07) This is night. am, and went down at eight-nineteen (8:19) pan, : Today the sun came up This is the earth. at five-six (5:06) am. That is a star. ond will go down at eight-twenty (8:20) p.m. Tomorrow it will come up at five-five (5:05) am, and will go down at eight twenty-one (8:21). This is morning. \y pore The sun is coming up. @ ewww e were ence cnt econ ecenmcewoeree= North ' | There are twenty-four + hours in one day. West East 1 Twenty-four hours make | one day. 1 Two and two make four. South ! Three and five make + eight. North t What do five and six , make? West East —! Do they make ten, or 1 eleven, or twelve? ‘South | That is a question, ‘ou | The answer is “Eleven.” North, South, East, West are four directions. 144Say these numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10, 11,1 | Whatnumbers come 12. after 15? What number comes Sixteen 16 after 12? Seventeen 17 Thirteen. Eighteen 18 What comes after 13? Nineteen 19 Fourteen, Twenty 20 What comes atter 14? Fifteen. Me een pe ee eee eee Twenty 20 Twenty-one 21 Eighty80 _—_—Ninety 90 Thirty 30. Thirty-one 31 | A hundred 100 Forty 40 Forty-one 41} A hundred and one 101 Fifty50 Fifty-one 51 A thousand 1000 Sixty 60 Seventy70 | Amillion 1,000,000 6 — 3axas 1633 145WHAT ARE THESE THINGS? a b ¢ — CD TS QQ Ca Ln a watt =; j GQ = ° Answers are on page 149.QUESTIONS ‘ ' @ What do seven and b Where does the sun ‘ t ' eleven make? ' come up and where What do twenty and : does it go down? forty make Does day come after What do thirteen and night ? Does night thirty ma ' after day? whet do two hundred | somecmereey and three and three { hundred and four ' make? ' ' 1 i Sane wc eww eer cnn nnd ecm eeseeecosssoose d Tom's work at school is learning. He isa learner. What is the ¢ This is a letter. Where teacher's work? do we put Mr, Green's street and town and state on the letter? Answers are on page 149, 6* 147Answers to questions on pages 140-141. ' Page 140 a They are shoes. b They are shirts. He is putting his He is putting his shoes on his feet. things in his bag. ¢ They are toothpaste 1 d Itis soap. and a toothbrush. She is washing her She is brushing her hands. teeth, Cee wee eww eee ee nee} oe oceeseneesoseser® Page 141 a He gothisticketat | b The ticket was the ticket office inthe ! $132.35. station, 1 d No. He did not go in ¢ The journey was four ; an airplane. He went days long. in a train. e They said, “Did you f He said, “Ihada have a good good journey and journey?” will send you a long g They are learning letter tomorrow. reading and writing Love. John.” at school. h She sent love from Tom and Jane. 148Answers to questions on pages 146-147, Page 146 a abed b abag © asock d astocking e ashoe f ahairbrush g a toothbrush h acomb i akey j alock k a hairpin ta fork m an engine n aplate © two pins p apen q rails acard s astamp t aflame u a frame v ahook w a book x a bell y a bottle z aglove Page 147 a Eighteen. Sixty. b The sun comes up in Forty-three. Five the East and goes hundred and seven. down in the West. Yes, day comes ofter ¢ We put his street night. Yes, night under his name and comes after day. we put the name of - the town under the d The teacher's work name of the street. is teaching. And under that we put the name of the state, 149This boy's name is Tom. | This girl's name is Jane. i 4 Smee ees eccccwwwwcc+oocacoe: ecceccesce Jane is saying, “What are you making, Tom?” im Tom is making something. aTom Is saying, “lam making a house.” ver wwe ewww nn ence nd come ne mccencccccce This is the opposite side of the box. This is one side of the box. 151This is the front of the And this is the back of box. . the box. a = Bee wwe mew wewencens occ cunctocccceecon This is the floor of the box. - And this is the cover of the box, = 152Now this side will be This will be the opposite one wall of the house. wall of the house. CN | will put another | will put a window in 1 window in this opposite here. wall. This is a step. The front of the box will be the front of the house. | will put a step under These are steps, the door. Three steps. eee ene eo eee ee ee ne a hn nn ee nn eee ee ene 153Jane said, “A i t ‘ house has o roof. ' Will you put a ! Twill make the roof from roof on the house? t the cover of the box. How will you 1 make the roof?” : ba } ' ' ~ : KS ‘ ' oF eee w wen enne meee weg e enone ene ne ee ne eee . : No. There is not enough 1 we is not long wood in the cover. ! It is not wide enough. , t 1 How long is the cover? ' The roof is . — : like this. \ ' oe ‘ How wide is the cover? i : t ' ’ = lam measuring it. 154Here is a wider bit of ; wood. : ' + twill make the roof from ! this other bit of wood. 5 Pe HE —- t Longer ‘ t Itis wider and itis longer. 1 wroreercorconecnectecoseneancooeseces 1 will make a cut in this | This is an angie. ‘wood. ZL This is an angle. {willmakeacutatthis ) 0 angle. \ This isa This is another right y aright Acut. angle. : t ‘\angle, ER) aS] CoS 155“What are you doing, ‘ Tom?” ' We get wood from trees. “lam measuring the =! wood.” ‘ ' These are trees. It is good wood. ' i J Be isa ' t —ZZ| ! Some wood is hard. / ' Some wood is soft. soverenconecncnroctucccneecoccnccccon | We get hard wood This is a tree. ! from some trees. ‘They give hard wood {fo us. ‘ t { Other trees give soft 1 Wood to us. ' These are its ' roots, ' t ' ’ Af 156Now | am making a cut ‘ ' ‘ ' at this angle in this bit of 1 Thisis my knife. wood. ‘ I ' \ This is the blade of The blade is going | knife. through the wood. | ’ t aw non concen nnn np cc cwcwocencnccens 1 1 lam making a line on the ' wood. af neneane aline with ! This is the pencil. ' =<==_==_=a=aD ' 1 : / ' This is the line. ‘ 4 . ‘ ‘ J ‘ ‘ eif Oh! You are going off “Keep onthe line when _ |. the line! you are cutting. Don't go !\ The cut is not on the line. JT] That is bad! The cut is off the line. You did that! You gave a push to the table. Ly | weer e nn ee ee nn - - + 4 ee ee 158No, I did not! Your knife went off the line. to. Ws not very bad. | Tom is making another, | attempt. Here is. the And here line. is the cut. knife went straight. ood! 1 ' t ' ' ' ' ' Sates | That is better. The cut is astraightline straight. The blade of the : a bent line ' t tNow I have these two bits of wood. — I will put them together like this. OS Now I will put the two parts of the roof together with nails. a are nails, AT ' 1 ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ' ' ' ' ' 1 1 1 \ ' 1 1 ' ' ‘ t 1 ' ' ' ' J + ‘ ' ' ' t ' ' ' ‘ ' Za There is the roof of the house. Iwill make a hole through this part of the roof into the other part of the roof.Now he is putting the nails in with his hammer, Tom is making the holes for the nails, wenn nnnee ew enced ec em mw ene ewe nneee Now the two parts of the roof are together, These are the nails, The roof is ready.“It is very strong!” It wasn’t strong, Is this line long? This line is longer. Is this bit of wood strong? This bit of wood is stronger. 162Here are the supports for the roof. Will you put another In the middle. support for it in the middle? " Yes, that is better. coeeee cote meen pec c cee ewer nee ncece This is a straight line. I This is one This is the end of it; | other end. This That will be better. is the middle That will make the roof of it. stronger. This is a bent line, 163Jane is making something. What are you (snare sno) (snare sno) fr Here are the trousers. Here is the coat. lam making a coat and trousers, Bi el 184“Has your coat a collar?” &/ \ 7 “Yes, it has. Here is the collar.” This is the back of the NE + ween eens oo eo oe ee ne ge eee This is the front of the coat. Here is the collar of the coat. a This is one side of it. A This is one pocket of it. 165Here is the other side. { These are the buttons of the coat. 8 “le @This is a button, t t ' ' t t ' ' This is a needle. ° { ———=_=_— ND t t 1 ' This is. b enolee ' This is thread. t | y % 1 women www een nnn net e eee enone ence What are you doing with your needle now? And lam making the button-holes. ! am putting this button on the coat, EX 167The girl will put the end i ' 1 ' of the threo through | This is the end of the the need | thread. i ' t = \ This is the hole in the ' needle. She has the needle in the | fingers of one hand and | ' the thread in the fingers | It is the eye of the of the other hand. | needle. 1 Pdee ewe nn e cw eww enh ececneecceececccee The end of the thread is not going straight. It is not going through the hole in the needle. The thread did not go through the needle. tt is not through the hole in the needle now.It is on one side of the needle, it is on this side of the needle, The girl is making another attempt. This time the thread will go through the hole. The end of the thread is straight. Oe eee oe ee ee ne on en en ne eee ee eee nee ~ Now the girl is doing it again. Is the end of the thread through the hole? No, it is not. If is on the other side of the needle. ft went through. The girl is taking the end of the thread in her fingers. The thread is through the needle. CN 169Where are your scissors? Here they are. VW /P / This blade This blade is narrow. is wide. This is a wide street. mr tm erage rrr enn eee n nee n ba nnn ne nner ne ncn re cerer ee: 170 Narrow? This is a narrow street. ogo woo L7ON Ow ‘These trousers ll are wide. These trousers are narrow.QUESTIONS a These are two walls. b These are two cuts, a a & 1 rt. Which of them is thicker? Is wall A or Which of them is wider? Is cut A or beeeee-e--- ee wall B thicker? cut B wider? _ ¢ These are two nails, d Which of Which of them | these two men is stronger? is longer? all 4 e Which of these two pencils is shorter? woweee # Which of these two cards is longer? = Which is wider? g Which of these three t h Which of these things angles is a right are broken? angle? Z\-L af Ss TTT 9" °°" """Aigwers are on page 174, jn ween ee ee 171QUESTIONS a What is he doing? i b What is she doing? ¢ What is he doing? y now? “ owe nee enn n tonne denne RYAN IN. - e What is he doing? f What is she doing? g What is she doing now? h And what is she doing now?QUESTIONS seas zak aay Pen ces ei a? eae ee A What are these XK Whatare these ~~ Whichofthemgo _ things? through the air? ¢ Which of them go on D Which of them go on their feet? the water? Answers are on page 174. 173Answers to questions on pages 171-173. Poge 171 a Wall B is thicker. € Nail A is longer. @ Pencil B is shorter. g Angle Cis aright angle. Page 172 @ He is going up the steps. ¢ He is putting a nail in with a hammer. @ He is measuring a box. @ She is taking the end of the thread between her finger and thumb. Page 173 Aaoatrain b its engine ecthip f a flower 4 a star | acloud ma pig fn a sheep q adog © agoat y trousers Vv acup y scissors. b Cut Bis wider. d The man who is on his feet is stronger. £ Card 8 is longer. Card A is wider. h The cup, the hammer, and the plate are broken. b She is going down the steps. d He is taking o nail out with a ¥ She is putting o threod through the hole in a needle. h She is putting a button on with a needle and thread. ¢a plone da seat g mountains hh trees k the sun 1 the moon © a horse Pp ocow 3 © coat t abird wo knite X @ Spoon 8 Airplanes and birds go through the air. c roe. sheep, horses, cows, dogs, birds, and goats go on eir feet. o Shine some birds yo-on the water, 174The earth goes round in twenty-four hours. xe The earth goes round the sun ina year, There are twenty-four There are three hundred hours in every day. and sixty-five days ina The sun comes up and yeor. goes down every day Three hundred and becouse the earth is sixty-five days make a turning round. year. wee wen wet e wm cee cnt ewceeeneewnwnee--= There are seven days in a week. Seven days make a week. Here are the names of the days of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday. Monday is before Tuesday. Tuesday is after Monday. There are thirty-one June (30) or thirty or July (31) twenty-eight days ina August (31) month. September (30) Here are the names of October (31) the months: November (30) Janvary (31) December (31). February (28) Janvary is before March (31) February ... April (30) February is after May (31) 3 January... 175In the North, the earth is cold in the winter. The wind is cold. Snow comes down from These are the winter months: December, January, February. ' ' ' the sky. sky. These are the summer ! There are no leaves on months: June, July, | the trees. August. . | There is ice over the These are the spring! water. me March, April, ‘The days are short. These are the fall | ; : months: September, ' October, November. | ‘ ' v ' Pe ee mete mw meee} em mewweewowceesson In the North, the earth and the air are warm in the summer. There are leaves on the trees. The days are long. There is no ice or snow. rene In the spring the leaves come out on the trees, Plants come up out of the earth, and flowers come out on the plants, 176+ In the fall, the leaves come down from the branches of the trees. Fall is the time of the fall of the leaves. They are coming down. They are falling, This line is longer than this line. The time between three and four is shorter than the time between three and five. One hour is a shorter time than two hours. 7 Banas 1633 In the spring the days. get longer. Every day is longer than the day before it. In the'spring today is longer than yesterday. the fall the days get ery a ‘very day is shorter than the day before it. | In the fall tomorrow will ! be shorter than today. mss Fifteen minutes make a quarter of an hour, Thirty minutes make half an hour. Forty-five minutes make three-quarters of an hour. eww ewe eww www nnn nnn nnn nnn ene t--- 477Which is shorter—a quarter of an hour or A This is an inch. B half an hour? _————__1 ‘ The distance from A to B . inch. Which is shorter—the ‘soneune minute hand or the hour hand of a clock? Half an inch is a shorter distance than an inch. ——__- Lt ee Aquarter Three-quarters ofaninch — of aninch seen enn nn cow en tenn nnn cece eeeenee Twelve inches make a Three feet make a yard. foot. This is a yard measure. oo Gin) There are thirty-six inches in a yard. } \we is a foot. These are feet. | rewwerwererewws | How long is it? )} . It is ten inches long. They are not twelve inches long. ee nn ne nn nn ne en nn hn ne nn ee ee ee nee 178Seventeen hundred and | sixty yards (1760) make a mile, In half a mile there are eight hundred and eighty yards, Miles, yards, feet, and inches are measures of What are this man-and distance. this girl doing? They are taking a walk. Femme mace wnn ee hoowsne reese reece This is a train. a-r—, Trains are quicker than horses or men. This is @ plane. In one hour he will go two miles, and she will go four miles, He is slow. She is quick. She is quicker than he is. He is slower than she is. Planes are quicker than trains or horses or men. orn ee nnn no 5 og ee ee eeeThis baby is one year old, on, . . ! The baby is very young. This boy is “K ' How old is he? He is years old. ' one year old, ' The ald man is very old. This man is thirty years! | How old is he? He is old. 1 ninety years old. This old man is ninety years old. That is a stick in his hand. This room is twenty feet long and sixteen feet wide and twelve feet This box is four inches high. long and three inches wide and two inches high. How high is the room? It is twelve feet high. How long is it? It is four inches long. ween oo on en eeeThis isa short coat. This isa longer coat. This is the longest coat of the three. pris isa ~]} isis is a thicker This is the seal) book of the three. Ome e nn ote cme ewnee} epeecceneeneecosce This is a narrow street. Ty] fe eo ve This is a wider street. o ‘a sides This is the widest street of the three. hich is the narrowest street of the three? This is a dirty face. This is a cleaner face. This is the cleanest face of the three. Which is the dirtiest face? iat”Glass U = is harder than wood. ~ Wood is harder than bread. Bread is harder than butter. &> Which is the softest of these? Which is the hardest? (Se eeme nc omewonoee: This man is stronger than this boy. The boy is not as strong as the man, He is not as old as the man, The baby fs not as old as the boy or as strong as the boy. Vie 182 This anise older than The boy is older than this baby. this boy. Which of them is the oldest? The baby is the youngest. He is very young. ee ry This line is as long as this line. The two lines are equal (=). This line is not as long as this line. They are not equal.What are some other sort of transport. ‘another. ' ' ' A train may go eighty ' sorts of transport? —, {80) miles in an hour. i . 1 | ‘ ' An airplane may go ! : ' EL three hundred (300) } : miles in an hour. : Ships are another sort : of transport, oa . Héw far may d quick Trains and airplanes ' ship go in an hour? are different sorts (see ! A quick ship may go Page 106) of transport. 1 thirty miles in on hove... 1 . ewww eww enw enw enen ny cecennienanpeweene H mere 1 1 , ‘ h . . C=O By ' Airplanes, trains, ships, + dutomobiles Automobiles an Lo are an other | take us from one place ‘ } i 4 t 1 ‘ a) ' ‘ ‘ , icWe may go on our feet ' ' t fram one place to { another. t ' Or we may go ina train ! or in a ship or in an : 1 automobile or in a L | plane , ' i t When we go on our ' feet, we are walking. | t t wenwan nw cewenn enn ng con en ewes nece cence Some places are near Places in Washington to one another. are near to one a) another. The distance from one place to another is not Some places are far far. from one another. ° ° But some places in the United States are far from one another.This is a map of North America. Mackenzie River, Misi River: Mexico City.$ wewwcce cnc cer en ww nq eeeewnennsconneee- These are mountains. | Men go up mountains. Mountains are high. Trains go on railroads.Ottawa, Washington, The government of Mexico City, New York, ; Canada is in Ottawa. and Los Angeles are towns, The government of the United States is in Washington. ~ This is a town, The government of Mexico is in Mexico City, Acne mew en nme ewes e} eo necccoscesosssose How far is Ottawa from Mexico City? — The distance from Ottawa to Mexico City is about twenty-three oe hundred miles. How far is the mouth —“\ How far is New York of the Mackenzie River from Los Angelés? from the mouth of the The distance between | Mississippi? New York and Los The distance is about Angeles is about 3300 miles. twenty-five hundred The mouth of a river is miles, the place where it goes into the sea. da cenenene nen none ~~ oh nn nn ne ene eeeThis is the earth. We are seeing it from the This is the earth. We are seeing it from the There is more land than ! There is more water water on this side of the! than land on this side. earth. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' , ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' ' ' ' 4‘ ' 1 1 1 ' - mewn cece mewwndooseewesasocosense | This is th \. { 15 15 the moon | Do we ever see the @ | other side of the moon? 1 No. J ' ' The moon goes round ! the earth in a month. : - ~ , t ' ' t ' J t ' «” ® t @ O ‘ We see the same side ' i of the moon at all times. ‘ ° Why? », a : “ ene o? 187We see the same side at all times because the moon is turning round, We see the same side of the moon at all times. Sometimes we see it like this. One half of the The other moon half is is bright. dark. This is a half moon. 188 The moon @ \ x \ The earth oO ' It is going round the earth and it is turning round itself. It keeps the same side to the earth. Sometimes we see the moon like this. This part This part of the moon of it is is dark. bright. This is a quarter moon.And sometimes we see it like this. This is a full moon. O Sometimes we see it like this. This is a new moon. This is a new ef, This glass is full. this is an old hat. This glass is = not full. w ewe nes cen wwenee bat oocccowenennsesone These are the changes ! of the moon, ' Change? What is that? full, O three-quarters, >) half, @ quarter, © new. © But at all times we see the same side of the moon, Here is a change in the direction of this line. And here is another change. 189' the potatoes ‘were hard. 1 After a time they were | soft. There was a , change in the potatoes. Here are two trains, 7 The man was in inn train, He is going to the other train, He is making a change. He is changing trains, Beene ence ence n ew seewcewseaeasoesone In the summer the leaves are on the trees. Shr” gs { In the fall the leaves There was a ‘a change in 1 come down off the trees. the water. {That is a change. This water was cold. Now it is bolling. That is onchange. 190He took the dollar and he gay a halt dollarQa ind (dole qe and twenty G> CD cents Ser se Hook a newspaper and gave a dollar ($1) to the man, This is the money which he gave to me with the paper. + ew ee wen cetera} we neewewcensserere The price of the paper was five cents. | got the paper and ninety-five cents from him. That money was my change. I had a dollar, After | got the paper | had the paper and ninety-five cents. | did not have the dollar. That was a change. $1.00 — 100 cents Paper — __5 cents 95 cents 191QUESTIONS a Is the boy nearer to b Which of these two ' 1 the woman than the ; is farther from the girl is? ‘ tree? ' 1 ' ' ' isthe girlnearerto | = Is the boy farther the boy than tothe | — from the tree than woman? ' from the girl? ' teen wn cnewneneson yee -ceeese-----n-- - 1 ' ¢ Which of these two | glasses is full of ' water, the glass to 1 the right or the glass | di Is there more land to the left? t than water on the ' south side of the ' earth? ' 1 1 ' t ' ' t t ‘Answers are on page 194. 197QUESTIONS ® O O® iy t got a book. I gave three dollars to the A @¢o man in the bookstore. He gave me the book a Which of these is a and fifty cents. What halt moon, which is a was the price of the full moon, which is a book? How much was quarter moon, and the book? How much which isa new moen?;: — change did he give me? ee ene he ee eee ee ee eee eee ' c How far may o quick } d What are some train goinanhour? |! — different sorts of How far may you go ! transport? Which is on your feet inan ! the quickest sort hour, four miles or of transport? forty?Answers fo questions on Page 192 a No, the girl is nearer to the woman. Yes, the girl is nearer to the boy than to the woman. c¢ The glass to the left is full of water. rs Page 193 a Cis ahalf moon; Bis a full moon; D is a quarter moon; and A is a new moon. ¢ Aquick train may go a hundred miles in an hour. | may go four miles but not forty. pages 192-193. b The girl is farther - from the tree. Yes, the boy is farther from the tree than from the girl. d_ No. There is more water than: land on the south side of the earth. Oo eerearwwercewene b The price of the book was $2.50. It was $2.50. He gave me 50 cents change. d. Ships, trains, horses and carriages, and airplanes are different sorts of transport. The airplane is the quickest of these.: The distance through How far is the moon the earth from North to \ from the earth? South is seven thousand ! It is two hundred and t nine undred (7900) ' On tho ate miles from the ' earth, 1 Onreseeecceneeeensen = ' How far fs the sun from The distonee round the | ' the ¢orth? earth is twenty-four | The distance of the sun thousand nine hundred 1 from the earth is (24,900) miles, ' ninety-three million ' (93,000,000) miles. eeeeeneen wenn ween penn pemeeen eee eeen= ” What Is that ~ . . in your hand? What is the size of the Itis a ball. sun? The ball is It js 864,000 miles small. through from one side A to the other. ~ — What is thaf 7 7 LT in the sky? It is the sun. The sun is great. The sun is a great ball of fire. ~S a - L “TTWhat is the size of the moon? It is two thousand one hundred and sixty (2160) miles through from one side to the other. Js the moon smaller than the earth? Is the earth smaller than the sun? ls the sun greater than the moon? we en eww eee een epee ecnneresnno ee WK ge oh Are the stars smaller than the sun? No. Some of the stars are much greater than the sun. Are they nearer than the sun? No, they are much farther than the sun, The moon is near the earth. The earth is far from the sun. New York is near Washington. San Francisco is far from Washington. New York. wena) | San Francisco a | How far from the earth ' is the nearest star? ' It is over four light-years ' from the earth. | What is a light-year? | It is the distance which {light goes in a year.YW . This is a flame. 4 Light goes 186,300 miles It sends out light. in a second. How far does it go ina year? The sun sends out light. The light goes out from it goes about the sun in every 6,000,000,000,000 direction. miles in a year. Pew wwe ccm ewww nent coe mew ene eese cence A light-year is The nearest star is $,000,000,000,000 25,000,000,000,000 miles. miles from the earth. The nearest stars are very far from us. The nearest star Is over! Some of the stars are four light-years from | very much farther. the earth. | The farthest stars are ! thousands of light-years ! from us. ' ' ' ' ' 197The sun sends its light out in every direction. North West East South These are four directions. Up and down are two other directions. Up East Down 2 One qae wee www eee ot ane mnmmroson cence - This boy has six apples in his hands, He is on a branch of « tree. He will send the six apples in different directions. He sent one apple north, another apple south, another east, and another west. ' . | He sent another apple | down. ! He sent five apples + in five directions.The first apple went north and then it came down. The other apples went south and east and west and then they all came down to the earth. He sent the last apple + ‘ up. But then it came They all came down down. to the earth? Why did it come down? Why did they come down? The first apple... The last apple... RX What is “the first”... ? KK What is “the last”. ..? 1 Here are three dogs. Which is the first dog? Which is the last dog? The other dog is the dog in the middle. He is between the first dog and the last dog. Two of the dogs are white. The other dog is black. The dog in the middle is black. These men are in a line. This is the first man. TM This is the last man. oe en nnn nn Fo nnn en he ee ene ee ee eee eee eee§ \ ' | itis coming down _ ‘because there is an { attraction between the | two bodies. Here are two bodies. | The attraction between One is a great body. =: them mates the apple It ié the earth. 1 come down. The other isa small | body. Itisan apple. | The apple is coming =| down to the earth. 1 Why? { Tontecenerocncnnadacasecconarccanncs All bodies which have | Here are two men. weight have an t attraction for one ' another. : Here are two bodies. ' These are springs. ! This man This me man : isthin. | Hisbody His ney | is thin, is fat. ' Which body has the | Which man’s weight i greater weight? ‘ greater? 200This is a scale. A scale is an instrument for measuring weight. Clocks are instruments for measuring time. This is a watch. Watches and clocks are instruments for measuring time. an a a en np nn ee eee Which man's weight is greater? They are on the scale, The weight of the thin man is 100 pounds. The weight of the fat man is 200 pounds, is an instrument for measuring Ayard measure is an instrument for measuring distance. oo Inches, feet, yards, metres, and miles are measures of distance. 201If the bodies go farther from one another the All bodies t or one. attraction gets smaller. another. OO If the bodies are great -. . the attraction between Distance Atrection them is great. 2 VA o-7 oO 3 Vv If the bodies are small 4 1/16 the attraction is small. : 5 1/25 ee en on nn nt meee een nnn cenee Here is a light. ~—— “7 It sends out light in every direction. | put the square at different distances from the light. At distance 1, it gets all the light which is going out between the lines. At distance 2, it gets one-fourth of the light. At distance 5, it gets one twenty-fifth. It is the same with the attraction between bodies.® "NN What keeps the moon up in the sky? Why does not the moon come down? ee wee oe ee ee nen wop een eewenncccoscces - The moon and the earth are not very far from one another, The distance between them is about two hundred and thirty-nine thousand (239,000) miles, , ' ' ‘ 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 1 1 J ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' The moon is a great body. Its weight is great. The earth is a great body. Its weight is eighty-one times the - weight of the moon. Two times three is six. 2x3=6 Because they are great bodies and near one another, the attraction between the moon and the earth is very great. Why does the moon not come down to the earth? That is a question, 203The answer is: “Because ‘ ' it is going round the \ earth.” 1 This is o cord in my | hand. The cord has a _acew.The moon | weight at its end. foo , 4 f The earth \ ' The weight \ po is hanging ‘ poy dawn on the N\, / ! cord which * a" ' is in my renee | hand, womee we cot oeo owe sn} ocnnreeewoen nce ece Now I let the end of the cord in my hand go. Nee I make the weight go round on the cord. — I keep the end of the The weight goes off cord in my hand. in a straight line. it takes the cord with it,i 1 The pull of the cord in { The attraction between my hand kept the ! the earth and the moon weight from going off 1 keeps the moon from in o straight line. , | going off in a straight | line. 1 : ‘ oe sence i OK ' ; 0 ‘ t ' 1 It does not get farther from the earth The moon goes round and round the earth.. month after month It keeps about the same distance from the earth. 205Here is Sir Isaac Newton, the great He ts unde: ite man of science. Newton tree, vader cn app had a great mind. It is the year 1666. are over his head. : ' t ' ' ' ‘ ' t ' ' ' 1 } Those are apples which ' 1 I + ' ! The seat has three legs. ' ' ’ ' ’ cee eee neem en nce} emcee eneceec nance ' . apt Here is an apple which | The apple came off the was over his head. branch. The apple was on a lt ' branch of the tree. came down. --- ee It came down on Newton's head.That is the story. The story may be true or it may not be true. Q NY But that is the story. It comes from the great writer, Voltaire. ee errr rr In this story the fall of the apple on Newton's head was the cause of the idea. True? 2+2=4., That is true. 2+ 2= 5. That is not - true. It is a false statement. “Apples are fruit.” That statement is true. “Apples are animals.” That statement is false. False = not true Short = not long Shut = not open peeeeeoenne The blow which the apple gave to Newton's head gave.an idea to Newton. It made a question come into Newton's mind. e © This was the question: “Have the fall of the apple and the motion of the moon the same cause?” 207Yr Here is a ball. It is > hanging on a cord. /. I gave the blow. Now the ball is in 1 will give a blow to motion. What wos the cause of the motion? The blow of the stick was the cause of the motion, the ball with this stick. WN! ee ew een eee cen ony con emeeeesasecsece The ball was not in motion before ihe blow. It wos at rest. it was. a nen ee ee eh ne en ee ee enn hanging on the end of the cord. The blow was the After the blow the ball cause of the motion. was in motion. The motion came from the blow. The motion was the effect of the blow.Which of the statements on this page are true and which are false? Put a T before the true statements and an F before the false. a 1. The earth is in b 1. The moon Is motion. greater than the 2. The earth is sun, turning round. 2. The sun is colder 3. The earth goes than the moon, round the moon, 3. The moon goes round the earth, ¢ 1. The attraction d 1. When a blow between two puts a ball in bodies gets motion, the blow greater as they is the cause of go farther from the motion. one another. 2. When a blow 2. The attraction puts a ball in between two motion, the bodies is greater motion is the when they are effect of the nearer. blow. 3. When two great 3. When a body bodies are near is in motion itis one another the at rest. attraction between them is small, Answers are on page 212. 8 3axas 1633 209QUESTIONS Milk comes from a cow. Heat comes from the sun, or a fire. Where do these things come from? @ potatoes . b cheese ¢ light d letters e flowers f snow @ oranges h meat i eggs “Which of these things have a face? aman adog a bone a fridge a clock a tree a goat abird an airplane ariver a table Which of them have a mouth? Which of them have hands? Which of them have a door? Answers are on page 212,QUESTIONS a We put a bottle on a shelf, Which of these things may we put on a shelf: a book, a mountain, a cup, a box, a star, a clock, a horse, a distance, a plate, @ carriage, a river, a house, a spoon, a garden? ¢ We put money in our pockets. Which of these things may we put in our pockets: pipes, education, letters, pencils, offices, islands, maps, hands, governments, buttons, watches, distance, balls, roofs, knives? b We put potatoes in a pot. Which of these things may we put in a pot: water, windows, food, streets, tables, milk, soup, trains, salt, colors, eggs, wood, ideas? d We put our hats on. Which of these things may we put on: feet, boots, seats, gloves, shirts, walls, directions, coats, buildings, soap, scissors, collars, locks, socks, trousers, branches, trays, shoes, apples? Answers are on page 212. Be 214Answers to questions on pages 209-211. Page 209 a 1T b 1F ec LF 2.7 2.F 2.7 3. F 3. T 3. F dit 2.7 3. F Page 210 a from the roots b from milk ¢ from the sun or of a plant flames d from persons e from plants or f from the sky or from seeds clouds @g from orange h fromanimals i from birds trees Aman, a dog, a clock, a goat, a bird may have a face. A man, a dog, a goat, a bird, a river may have a jouth. mouth. Aman and a clock may have hands. A fridge anda plane may have a door. Page 211 a” abook,.a cup, a box, a clock, a plate, a spoon, b water, food, milk, soup, salt, eggs. ¢ pipes, letters, pencils, maps, hands, buttons, watches, balls, knives. d_ boots, gloves, shirts, coats, collors, socks, trousers, 212What is this? e man has an umbrella in his hand. itis . He hos it over his head. Why? The rain made the man put up his - umbrella. That was the effect of the rain. Today is Monday, Yesterday (Sunday) the sun was bright, There were no clouds a: Shee say, eave 1 ' ' 1 ' 1 ' | t t \ | Because it is raining. | Water is coming down | from the sky. | The water is rain, ' Rain is coming down, | Rain is falling. \ It is raining, 1 Today there are dark | clouds in the-sky. They come between us and the sun, The dark clouds keep the light of the sun from us, 213The rain comes down from the clouds on us, The rain comes down from the clouds on me, feomes down on my comes down on our sone cre nerwowennontoncnsewcnecneen— am Why is it raining today? | ' Today the weather is Yesterday the weather ' bad. The rain is coming was good. The sun was | down. The wind is bright. blowing. It is cold and The air was warm) the rain makes us wet, “ -Tomorrow the weather may be worse. It may be very cold. All the water may be ice. Snow may be coming down making everything white. Will tomorrow be like this? 1s this winter or summer? Or tomorrow the weather may be better. The sun may be bright again. The air may be warm again and the streets may be dry again. ; Will tomorrow be like v1 i this? > 4 ~ 215i Whatare the causes. | This bird of these changes inthe | waswet. , weather? Change? | — Itwas in What is that?(See page | the rain, 190) : » 3 Here is atine. w 2 Now it is dry. Ye. { Thatisa ‘ s «change. Here is a change in the t Htwas ‘ wet. tis direction of the line. dry. 4 ' What is the cause of | There is nat one cause these changes in the { only. There are numbers weather? {_ of causes. Changes in ! the heat which comes to 1 us from the sun are one ore red t cause of changes of ‘Warm Cold ft . Weather ' t Why are there these: changes of weather? | t ' 216¥ you take a look at the sun through a bit The amount of heat which the earth gets: of dark glass you may . see small marks on from the sun is different i the face of the sun. There are changes in the sun, dew e eee cmmmme mses} ec ccewcceecocucere Amount? One dollar is from time to time. a small amount of ' J ' money. A million dollars } isa great amount of ! money, ' A drop of rain ‘ is a very small ‘ ‘ amount of ‘ e water, ! There is a great amount 1 of water in the sea. There is a small « This is the sea. amount of t Those are ships which, water in this | { are on the sea. glass. : ‘ a7Changes in the heat He He made it by measuring which comes to the the heat which comes earth from the sun are‘ to the earth every day ‘one cause of changes: from the sun, in the weather. This | The amount of heat is discovery is new. A ! different from day to man of sciencemade day. the discovery in 1944, 1 ' ' t ' ' ' ewww wen cewccc cme wnp ewe cewseonecccenre ‘ Men are making new On some days the sun t discoveries every day. sends more heat to the ' Columbus made the earth. On other days it | discovery of America sends less heat to the ' in 1492. Columbus came earth, ' to America in his shipWhat were some other i Another great discovery great discoveries? | was the wheel. One of them was fire, i Wheels ore ! round, i ' They go = 4 : e—-8 round. ' t te Acert ' Fire is of very great | use to men. It gives us| They are of very great . 1 use fo man, t 1 Another great discovery \ was clothing. | The making of cloth ' wasa great discovery, 1 This is how we make t le ' What are these? { These are some other | sorts of clothing. \ ' | These are threads. (See | page 167. | They go ‘nares from one A skirt Ashirt side to the other of o frame. 219These are other threads, » This is cloth. They go across the first threads, + This isa roll of cloth. 1 rh ' We make clothing of r= ‘ cloth. We make cloth of ' ! threads. They go under and over | them, ' ‘ We make threads from | Wool is the thick warm wool and cotton and hair of sheep. silk. Men take the wool off the sheep's back with scissors. Saar fH fora netWe make threads from | the wool by twisting the { hairs round and round. i We get cotton from the « cotton plant. That wheel is going ! round. ' It is giving a twist ' to the thread... ' It is twisting the : thread. ' + Cotton is the soft white + hair round the seeds of | the plant. ' ' : pee een non een nnn wn tonnes eee. These are different sorts « We get silk from the of seeds. silkworm. CLAGF Cano Plants come up from seeds which come from other plants of the same sort. This worm makes a soft strong thread of silk and puts it round itself like a coat. net lave(See page 81.) ion When the weather is cold we put on thick warm wool clothing. When the weather is warm we put on thin cotton clothing. Cotton clothing is not as warm as wool clothing. Cee c meee ccc cnscwe cp oscceconscecccece Thick clothing keeps us warm. Itkeeps us warmer than thin clothing, Thick keeps air in it, between the threads. | The air does not let heat ge through it. 4 ' ' 1 ‘ 1 ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ‘ ‘ ‘ 1 t ’ t ' ' ' ' t ‘ ‘ ' A thick roof keeps the heat of the house in. A thin roof lets the heat go through it. A thick roof keeps the hect of the sun outHere is a pencil. | put the pencil in the It is straight. It is not water, bent. = Here is a glass of water. a The pencil seems bent where it goes into the water, lt seems like this. The pencil is straight but it seems bent. It is straight, not bent. Jt seems bent, not straight. 1 ' ' ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 J ‘ 1 But it is like this. ‘ ‘ ' t J ‘ t ' ' ! 1 1 2231 After I put it in the water | it seemed bent. Before | put the pencil ' It wasn’t bent. in the water it seemed straight. It was straight. When it is in the water it seems bent. When it is out of the water we see that it fs straight. | Why did it seem bent when it was in the water? $ | wenn so on ee ee ee ee eee ee nee = . me This is a light. Here is a bit of glass. A light sends out light. A ray of light is going The light which it sends 1 through the glass. out goes in straight lines. ‘Where the light goes into the glass, it is bent. EE =, It is bent conte it iz comes out lass You are looking at the into the air. pencil in the gloss of water, Powe ccc ceceondeene} oncccccccceccccce= ' ' The light from the pencil | \ The pencil is not bent. is bent where it comes ! But put the light from “d out of the water into the | It is bent here,f The light comes! h ‘th from here. + The part of the pencil ——— 1 which is under the water 1 seems to be where it is But it seems to come from, not. here. Seeewen coe seseacerseooeseeeeeesasssess The light from the Here is your eye. pencil is bent VS here. QO It comes out of the water here. The point of the pencil seems be reese ~ It is here. 4 226 The light is bent where it comes out of the water.This is a looking glass. What do you see in the looking glass? . see a girl's face in the glass. 7 seems to be here. She’is here. A ri g She is on this she of the glass. She seems to be on the other side of the glass. | She is looking at herself tin the glass. 1 What does she see in the ' looking glass? ' She sees herself in i the glass. + t | Why? Because the glass ' sends the light back. Z _ There seem to be two girls in this picture. There is only one. 227What is this woman doing? Ft She is working with her —. That is her work. fl What is this man doing? He is working with a spade. That is his work. B SS an. These.are shoes. What is this man doing? These are boots. He is making shoes. Heis | 1 makes boots and a shoemaker. That is his work, shoes. That is his work. wenn en nnn ne rn ne he 2 eo en on nen nnn eee 228This is his paint. This is his brush. What is this man doing? | a He is putting paint on the ! door. He is painting the 4 A door. He is a painter, "He puts the paint on with That is his work. ' his paint brush, ewoeewe woceesconceqooe z 3 4 1 This is a bank. 2 4 2 | a 1 40 ' This Is addition, | : 3 : ' 1 iy ' 1 ' | t 1 The boy is doing \ This is a check. addition. That ishis | Bonk of Muddletoum flan ihe 415: work, ! Tf “thn 1This Is an account. PE Keeping accounts is an We keep money in banks. Banking is an important sort of business. Men and women in banks and business houses keep accounts. important part of ‘ business. cece reece cceen eee poee ccc cn cece nneene 1 Farming is another sort 1 of work. Keeping accounts Is one | sort of work. os on 230The plow is turning up the earth. Seewwcoccwcos cocoa} oo ccosercenncescce t ‘ This is a cart, : This is a field. ' t a t —Kket— ‘ ' tatiana t ——ee eee ! ———_—=—= This is a plow. : ern 1 | The farmer is plowing {the field, t_ That is part of his work ‘ asa farmer. ' ' The farmer has an The account says how account with his bank. much money he has in He puts his money inthe 1 the bank. bank. Farming and keeping He keeps money in the accounts are two bank. different sorts of work. He gets money from the bank. B!What sort of work is this man doing? He is cutting wood. AAA 4 HAWS St What sort of work is this t woman doing? | She is washing stockings | and dresses. weveawocacecwoccce} eccccccccconneence t What sort of work does | What sort of work does this man do? 1 this woman do? He keeps a store. ‘ She keeps a house. t 1 ‘ 1 ' : Tal ' t 1 t It is a fruit store. 1 Itis her house. He isa storekeeper. 1 She is a housekeeper. ' ‘ ‘ 232' Put your fingers across ' Across? ~< one another like this. . These twolines go across § one another. My second finger fs over «and across my first 1 finger. These are finger nails. second fingers across one another. qeeeconcoce Did you put your fingers ! Now take a pencil and ' ‘ t | Ihave my firstand =} i ' across one another? | give a touch to one That is right. { finger, and then a touch You have your fingers { to the other and then put across one another. i the pencil between them. Do this with your eyes ut.1 ' . ‘ You will have a strange | feeling. t Do you have the strange Are two pencils touching ! feeling that two pencils your fingers, or isonly | are there? When you ore one pencil touching \ touching one finger only, them? t you seem to be touching + the other? FY semwc ec nee cow mewn} cocecencecceencons Why is that? Here is the answer, Ain 7) + But when they are across { one another they do not ! do their work together, When the fingers are like i Then a touch to one this, or like this, they do : sometimes seems to be @ their work together, + touch to the other. ween 234. t t What Is their work? | Those fingers are What do the ends of our { touching the cover of a fingers do? \ book. Their chief work is \ Touching gives us touching, ! knowledge. . + When our eyes are shut, Tre ret eee a eeccccee smeccccccccesccece}coceesesscocese=.0 ' or when we are looking ! ' or when we are not able in another direction, I tosee, we get knowledge (She is touching the + through touching and book) { feeling with our fingers. S wewecewccceceen-- cece. 235The chief work of the | That is a Braille book ends of our fingers is ' which he has before him. ' He is reading the book Here is a man who is not | \ with the ends of his able tosee. ' | fingers. ‘ . ' 1 t 4 | r 4 ' ' I ' ! t ' meee rene neem en nnnntenntenen eens ----- i This other man is reading { with his eyes. ' i He is not reading with o 2 © 000. | hisfingers. eo o eo eo eo Braille letters and words ! are like this. He is touching them with | ' the ends of his fingers. sr 1 What are those things on t his nose? | They are his glasses. ®Ws ithe work ofthe ‘What is the work of the ' legs? "> D> } Seeing. Their work is} seeing. ' : Walking. Walki What is the work of the | waytine. Walling ts ears ‘ c) tr Whats the work af the ‘ >> Hearing. Their work is ! 7 hearing. ‘ smmww on morccesececf¢ooeccecosocoscesses Is talking or taking in food the chief work of the mouth? What is the work of the This ts | hands? CATE | erat things, giving things, making things. We do things with our hands, mmnwcoce. 237QUESTIONS @ Is there more water in the sea than In a river? ¢ What Is wool? What Is cotton? Where do we get silk from?” e What Is the chief work of the eyes, fhe ears, the mouth, and the fingers? @ Where does smoke come from? Where does steam come from? b Give the names of three great discoveries, ~ d- Why is thick clothing warmer than thin clothing? f What sorts of transport go on wheels? “ h Where do we get wood from? Answers are on page 240. 238°WHAT ARE THESE THINGS? d pene nnn ene nen nene femme n ee cn ae ce eewe Answers are on page 240. pm mnee nee ----- 2-4 ee 239Answers to questions on pages 238-239. Page 238 a There is more water in the sea than ina river, ¢ Wool is the hair of sheep. Cotton is the hair round the seeds of the cotton plant. We get silk from the silkworm. e The chief work of the eyes is seeing, of the ears is hearing, of the mouth is take ing in food, and of the fingers is touching. g Smoke comes from fire. Steam comes from boiling water. e askirt and a shirt g a fire i a roll of cloth g b Fire, the wheel, and clothing were three great discoveries. d Because thick slothing keeps heat from going through it. f Carts, automobiles, and trains go on wheels, h We get wood from trees. b aplow d a looking-glass f awheel ha | an umbrellaAnother sense is taste. Seeing andhearing = |__ . &. and touch ore three of {This is a.man's tongue ‘ We knowled, , ’ fegetknowledge =| These are his lips. <:. through our eyes {see- | This is his chin. e ing), through our ears | (hearing), and through ! our fingers (touching). « These are three of our | The chief work of the chief senses, tongue is tasting. i ' J Pee mee cone sw www a} meeceseennreeeoees t . ¢ 1 cl SS ' g ' ‘ t She is tasting the’ 1 powder. Here is some white 1 She has some of it on powder on a plate. | her finger. It may be salt or it may | She is putting some be sugar. Which is it— «of the powder on salt or sugar? { her tongue. She is tast- 1 ing it. ' ' ' t iJ ' 9 Saxas 1633 24We get salt from sea, The water in the has salt in it. We get salt from salt mines. Some mines are deep. They go far down into the earth. Come ew eee wc cw wwe nntecnececceecewscenn ‘We get sugar from plants. We get it from the stems of some plants, 242 1 1 We get sugar from the roots of some plants. g The salt or sugar which we put in our food isa white powder, ‘ ' a . ° . e . e ‘ ' t 1 1 t 1 t 1 ' 1 ‘ . f] e ' aThis is an orange. ‘ ‘ The taste of sugar is : mm Oo t i. Thisisacoke | I : This is its skin. It has white sugar on ' the-top, 1 Some oranges are Cakes with sugar on 1; sweet. But the taste of them are very sweet. | their skin is bitter. ' t Seam mwnewwewe wore} wee sermon ewww eee \ But to the tongue they «are very different, Salt has a salt taste. | Sugar has a sweet ' taste. | Their taste is To ine eye salt and . \ very different, SoH em \ : : ‘ ' ‘ i s . ’ i svar 'What is the work of the nose? What do we do with our noses? She has a flower in her hand, She is smelling the flower. These are pigs. Some pigs are dirty. Some pigs are clean. __ (See page 125.) The smell of dirty pigs is not sweet. His a bad smell, Pere en - =~ + eee -- =o pe eee 244 Some flowers have a sweet smell. Some flowers have no 3 " This is grass. These flowers are In a garden. They have a sweet smell. This is smoke. aS This is a fire. Some smoke has a good smell. The smell may not be sweet, but it~ may be a good smell, He is smoking a pipe. Is the smell of the smoke ™ ®wocees We see things with our 5 ' Lie ergs and wesee thelr | What isthe color of Here are some names se leaves in of on red i Gross and leaves in 1 spring are green. Bie Yellow | What i the color of this ! girl's lips? | Her lips are red. eeewee ee ecw cee wwe ww en} cocnewecennnn ence ' ' The sky Is blue. { _ Thesun ts yellow. ry x ' a> ' Sometimes when it ie t going n ! eee an Se a ae ' is red. . t itis blue when itis + Theater tsome { The color of some * clouds is white. t Hentai Other clouds are : * gray. : 245