WEILL BUGAI ERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENC ES GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS This paper comprises Four sections 4 and B Answer ALL Questions Time wiocated is 3 hours WH continuous assessment T Withe iT 3 , BIOCHEMISTRY (80700) 25" FEBRUARY 2011 SECTION A: Multiple Choice Questions: Circle the Letter of the Most Correct Answer. |. The major weakness of DNA polymerase is th itis very targe protein, Hoan not initiate the polymerization activity, Itcan not do proofreading thas Jow fidelity Nene of the above, DNA replication requires all of the following EXCEPT: 8, DNA polymerase &. Nucleotides Prin 4. 3. One of the statement about the simil between the DNA polymerase land DNA Polymerase IM is NOT correct: 4. They all read the parent strand in 3-5 fe of Fe = exonucicase activity 5-3 exonucioase acti I have 5-3 polymer None of the above The differeace between the ON, polymerase I und DNA polymerase 1} is that: @)DNA polymerase | has doth 3-5 activities, 5. DNA polymerase atid 4 rase has 3-5 polymerase activity, strand in 3-5 direction, Ye a alder “ble Bae | ©. DNA polymerase | reads the parent i | | i | IThe difference between Topoisomerase I and Topvisomerase UI is: > Strands ® ‘Topoisomerase ii uses ATP © Topoisomerase | is also known as Gyrase P, and negative supercoils i ©. Topoisomera ligase activi Regarding BNA polymerase one of the following statements is NOT correct. itis @ polynucleotide that synthesizes “DNA in 5-3 direction, 6. phosphodiester bond. 8. It makes the 3-5 phosphodoester bond zi ¢ primer eft is & tempiate directed biomolecule Regarding DINA replication one of the followiny statements is NOT correct, 8 Each strand serves as atempinte for the replication of a new strand, 5. ‘The strand that is being synthesized discontinuously is called the lagging strane. The new daughter molecules each will contain two DNA strands with an antiparaiiel orientation, d. The process is semiconservative © Ailof the parental strands are ieft intact in one of the two new duplexes, 8, Regarding DNA replication one of the following statements is NOT correct, a. DNA polymerase uses only single stranded DNA as a template, 5, It begins eta site called the otigin of replication, ©. In prokaryotes DNA replication begins at a singh sequence ‘Topoisomerase | reversibly cuts both Topoisomerase J relieves both positive prokaryotes. as both nuclease and 10, Regarding ON 11, Regarding Single stranded BNA b stey Contincous Assessment Fest 3 n bogins at mauitiple sites along the DNA helix. ©) Muitiple replication to go slow. 9. Regardin DNA replication one of the following statements is NOT correct, & Asthe two strands unwind and Separate thoy form a region is called the replication fork 6. Replication of double-stranded DNA directional, The strand that is being synthesized continvously is called the leading strand Unwinding by Helicase introduces ‘Supecoiling. © None oF the above, 4. NA replication os following statements is NOT correct. a. Dnad protein binds to speciti nucigatide sequences at replicetion. © Dasa binds to s site whieh is particula h in GC bese pairs, &. Dnad binding is A’ TP-requiring Process and causes the doubie- stranded DNA to melt, ¢. Topoisomerase relieves supercoiling. © Topoisomerases work by cutting one or both strands of DNA. ot he the origin o: inding proteins one of the following statements is NOT correct, & Also known as Helix-destabilizing = proteins. €. They bind cooperatively @. These proteins are not enzymes, but rather serve to shift the equilibrium between double-stranded DNA an single-stranded DNA in the direction of the single-stranded forms, origins of replication makeBiochemiv the two sirands of DNA Separated in the area of the replication 12. Regarding DNA replication one of the following statements is NOT correct a. They also protect the DNA from nucleases that cleave single stra DNA 5. Helicase binds to single-stranded DNA near the replication fork and then move into the neighboring doubi stranded region, ©. Helicase force the strands apart effect, unwinding the double hel Helicases do not require energy provided by ATP. ® Once the strands separate, single Stranded binding proteins bind to prevent reformation of the double 15, The gene mefE that confers resistance to antibiotic erythromycin has 1,218 base Dairs including the stop codon. How many ning acids wil! the protein has following @ successful transcription and transiation: a. 3654 2. 3655 c 406 @ 405 e407 14. Regarding RNA transcription one of the following statements is NOT correct, a. Is the process of creating an equivalent RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. ©. Is process through which a DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by an RNA poiymerase to froduce a Complementary RNA. ¢. Is the transfer of genetic information from DNA into RNA. @. Is also called RNA synthesis, None of the above Ip b evcduedtes te cedar become 40, 3 Continuous Assessmert Test 3 one “FW King 15, Similarities between Transcription and 3 tia is fot Lovect ali use che same chemical Br0up oF the growing chain by \ triphosphate group of incoming nucleotide, b. All are fueted by hydrolysis of Pyrophosphate group that is released upon ettack. ©. They al! read the tempiate in the 3" § direction 4. Inil, the new strand generated in 51-3 direction, 16. The Differences between DNA replication and RNA transcription is Transcription copies only a required nds, tion does nit utilize energy, 4. Substeates for transorimion are deoxyribonucieoside triphosphates ©. Transcription requires helicase to open arid opea the double stranded ONA 17. The difference between DNA replication and RNA transcription is that: (yok cork) E 2. DNA replication requires site strandes DNA binding protein, 5. DNA teplication requires single Dna protein, DNA replication requires a primer anscripition does not require topoisomerases © RNA polymerase hes proofieading ability by having exonuclease activity 18. The Differences beween DNA replication and RNA transcription i a. Transcriptional substrates contain hhymine instead of Uracil DNA transcription is turned on and off | by specific signals. I ©. RNA polymerase-can not initiate | synthesis on its own. | | |(. DNA polymerase is large than RNA ©. None of the above 19, Regarding the promoter one of the following statement is correct: Isa DNA sequence that enables a gene tobe transcribed. \/ b. isan RNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiates Is located downstream of the gene, 4. 3s made up oy cibonuclepside triphophates. ©. None of the above. 20. The following statement about non template DNA strand is NOT correct: a. Its sequence is similar to the mRNA except T in piace of L b. Kis also calied the gene strand.. 9 is also cafied non-sense strand gig 1s also catled positive strand © Is aso called non gene strane. f 21, One of the following statement regarding the termination transcription’ is NOT correct &. There are two typ and rho independent Rho-dependent termination is also awh a intrinsic termination. ©. Involves terminator sequences within the RNA that signal the RNA. polymerase to stop. d. involve the formation of hairpin loop in the transeript preceding a number of U residues. © Contributing factors for termination are the heaviness of the loop and the weak bond between U and A. » tho dependent 22, One of theses strands ean NOT form a hair pin loop easily: a. AGAGAGAAAATITTCTCTCT §& Goacecccaaaaccaccce Biochemistry Continuos Ass SOCTATATA, © ATOCATGCAGACTGCATGCA 23, Regarding RNA polymerase one of the following statements is NOT correct: a. Eukarvotes have 3 RNA poiymierases (BD RNA polymerase | and itt ate located in the aucieolus c. RNA polymerase such 8S RNA, RNA 4. RNA Polymerase I! is localized to the ‘Bucieus and transcribes mRNA and most small nuclear RNAs (snNAs) & RNA Polymerase fil transcribes tRNA and other small RNAs (58 RNA), anseribes RNA 8S RNA and 18S 24, Regarding mRNA synthesis one of the following statement is NOT cen Post-transcripticn modifications include caping at its J end by addition of meth!yléted guanine (7- methy:guanosine) +. Post-transcription modifications include addition of poly A tail, its added one at a time (20-256 A}, © Post-transeription modi icati inciuce removal of introns 4. Post-iranscription modifications clude joining & The neked tRNA leaves the F-site &. Peptidy! RNA moves ftom A site to Pesite Ribosome moves over the mRNA one nucleotide ahead. 4. Translocation is brought about by EP. -Gis also known as translocase enzyme, Cibiotics are able to inhibit provein synthesis in bacteria and not ia humany mRNA ransiated taster ransiated in humen b. Bacteria have iz wer ribosomes than humans. ©. Bact humans 4. “Bacterial ribosomes are made up of differen: sub units compared to that of hum: have fewer tKNAs than 31. Regarding the genetic code one of the following statements is NOT correct a. Itis universal b. tis redundant &. Ithas three open reading frames @ thas one start and four stop codon. & [tis non overlapping 32. Regarding mutations one of the following statements is NOT correct: a Changing a singie macieotide base on the mRNA chain is known as Point Mutation,Biochemistsy Continuous Assessment » ulation is whenethe codon he changed base but codes for the same amino acicl ©. Missense Mutation is when the codo: Containing the changed base but codes for different arnino acid G. Nonsense Mutation is when the codon containing the changed base but becomes a stop codon © Frame Shite Murations occur when one, two or three nucleotides are either deleted or added to the coding region ofa message sequence. 33. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which there is amino acid Valine in the sixth position of the beta chain of the hemogiobin molecule instead of Glutamic acid. In terms of genes it WRONG to say: 4 The cause is the substitution of aT for an in the middle position of codon 6. +b. Mutation has occurred at nucleotide position 17 © Mutation has occurred at nucleotide position 6 ¢. The cause is the point mutation ©. The cause is the Missense mutation 34. The foliowing ave son essential amino acids: 2. Phenylalanine, valine , threonine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, feucine, lysine, arginine, tryptophan. b. Phenylalanine, valine , tyrosine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, ieucine, glycine, arginine, tryptophay c. Proline, valine, serine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, leucine, lysine. arginine, tryrosine, (9) Tyrosine, glycine, alanine, serine, aspartate, glutamate, proline, esteine, arginine and glutamine. e. Tyrosine, glycine, alanine, serine, partate, lysine, proline, cysteine, arginine and leucine about nereditary disyrders of amino acids is NOT correct; They can be ult of @ deficiency oF perticular amino acid in the diet, ©. They can be the result of defects in the breaksiown of amino acids ©. They are caused by mutations in the genes coding for key enzymes in the metabolism of a pasticular amino acid They can be the resuit of defects in the body's abitity to get the amino acids into 0: These disorders produce symptoms early ia life so newborns should be screened for several common ones, 4, 36. The following statement about Phenyiketowaria is NOT correct: a itis the most common clinically inborn entor of aminy acia metabotism, d. itis characterized by an accumuiacion Of the amino acid phenylalanine. €. Itis caused by deficiency Pheny:alanine hydroxylase a Itiss es characterized by an accumuiation of Tyrosine. €. Itmay also be caused by deliciencies in enzyrnes required to synthesize BH, or in cipteridine (BH2) educiase, which regenerates BHA 37. Symptoms manifested with a patient suffering from Phenyiketonuria is due to accumulated: 2. Phenyilaciate b. Phenylacetate ¢. Phenyipyravate 4, aandb e abande 38. One of the following statement regarding albinism is corcect: a. There ate 4 types of albinism b. There are two types of oculocutaneous, albinism.“Biochemisiey Continuous Assessment Fest 5 je. Ocular albinism is more common than oculocutaneous albinism, yd. Oculocutaneous type | albinism is due to lack of tyrosinase related protein | ©. None of the above. 39. One of the following statement regarding albinism is NOT correct: a Albinism is due to mutations in the genes involved in production of b. Mutations in any of these genes disrupt the ability of cells to make melanin, which reduces pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. ©. A lack of melanin in the cetina leads to the vision problems characteristic of oculocutaneous albinism. Oculocutaneous type 3 albinism is due to lack of tyrosinase. €. Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 is very common in Tanzania, 40, One of the following statement regarding albinism is NOT correct: at. Mutations in the OCA2, SLC45A2, TYR, and TYRPI genes cause oculocutaneous albinism. b. Mutations in the MCIR gene modify the course of oculocutaneous albinism. ‘Tyrosinase is responsible for the first step in melanin production. 4, People with albinism mey have the normal life expectancy as the normal ones, ‘ pone of the above 41, People with albinism: a, Are sensitive to the sun ultra violate rays b. Are advised to wear sunscreen because of their high risk of getting sunburn c. The lack melanin makes them susceptible of getting skin cancer. d. In communities believe in witcheratts, albino might face brutal murdering. © May not usually have eye problems. 42. The foliowing statement about amino acids is CORRECT: 4, Essential amino acids are ones that th bedy ca make them. There are only 20 amino acids. ©. Amino ucids are stored by the body d, Some arotein exists in the body whose sole function is to maintain a supply of amino ucids for future use. €. The amino acids that are not coded by the genes are called non-standard amino acids, 43. The two Nit; group contained in the urea are derived from and a Aspartate and arginine . Citruline and ornitaine (6 SNH anc Aspartate 4. Omithine and argin ©. Arginize and Nis rosuccinate, 44, The following statement about amino acids is NOT eo 7a, Amino acids must be obtained ftom the dis b. Amino acids can be obtained ia the body following denovo synthesis ©. Amino acid can be obtained in the body from normal protein degradation, 4." aay amino acids in excess of the biosynthetic needs of the « stored by the body. e. They are needed for denovo synthesis of nucleotides. p al of the c-amino groups by transamination and oxidative deamination. | b. Transamination and oxidative deamination form ammonia and the | corresponding a-keto acid c. The keto acid is known as carbon | skeleton of amino acid | | 1 j iino acids are ei ketogenie but never both. "ee ammonia is excreted in the urine, ‘but most is used in the synthesis of area, seogenie or 46. NADPH is used in all of the following EXCEPT: 2, Reductive biosynthesis » . Reduction of hydrogen peroxide by using gi ©. Cytochrome P-450 system d. Phagocytosis by white bload cells © None of the above 47, Regarding diabetes mellitus which of the following statement is NOT correct: a, Type i diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes melli ». insulin is either not produced or not secognized by the tissues ©. The uptake of bloud glucose is compromised, we (@YThe blood glucose levels are iow. Br glucose is excreted in urine 48, Regarding diabetes mellitus which of the following statement is NOT correct: 8. \Pype Il diabetes is treated by insulin injections ¥/ >. Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by excretion of ketone bodies Tissues depend on feity acids for fuel d. Tissues produce ketone bodies Tissues degrade cellular pro provide glucogenic amino acids glucose synthesis. 8 to 49. LCAT activity is associated with which of the lipoprotein complex: a. VLDL b. Chylomicrons e. IDL 4. LDL (e HDL Biochemistry Continuous As: 1 Fest 3 80. The lipops oteins capable of removing cholestero! from the macropiages are: a. VLDL z 51, The major source of cholesterol in arterial smocth musele celis is from: b. LDL HDL <. Chyiomjerons & VLDL. 52. Which of the following will contribute to a measurement of plasma cholesterol level, in a normal individual folowing a 12 hour fast 83. Triacy! grycerol present in VLDL is hydrolysed by: a. intestinal lipase b. Lipoprotein lip c. Hormone sensitive tipase e Pancreatic lipase 54. Degradation of Hemogiobin takes place Mitochondrion Bone marrow Cytosol of the ceil Reticuloendothelial cells All of the above $5. In heme catabolism, the first bile pigment formed i a. Cholic acid (2. BilirubinProdu amet &. Lithochoiie acig Deoxycholic acid ‘» @)None ofthe above, x 2 36. Biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by the process off a, Oxidation (@) Reduction © Conjugation 4. Decarboxyiation &. Dehydrogenation 57. Bilirubin is conjugated by the following enzyme a. Bilirubin esterase (b. Glucuronyl reductase ~~ ¢. Bilirubin conjugase 4 Glucurony! transferase €. Glutamyl-bilirubin esterase chet Phe following are examples of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia che baler Became fe) Biochemistry Continuous Assessment Test 3 ctive acetate and gt b. Glycine and forinate suecinate and iysine A nate and glycine ®. Formate and iysine Ca 62. The foliowing ketone body is exhaled during ketoacidosis: a. Acetoacetate 5. Beta hydroxybuterate & Acetone d. All of the above ©. None of the above coproporpayrinogens of which series are found in normal enzymatic pathway of 2 tisn EXCEPT: : Better ec -Nondtiniieaites cogs a, Gilbert’s syndrome see Dubin-Sohason syndrome 4" 64, The following euzyme(s) are more ©. Criglar-Najjar syndrome a. Lucey-Driscoll syndrome @, Transient neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia 59. Drugs which lead to kernicterus affects 2, Enterohepatic circulation b. Pumping of bilirubin to bile canais “ ©. Binding of bilirubin to serum albumin- 4. Conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen @. Allofthe above 60. The rate controlling step in the biosynthesis of porphyrins is: a. Uroporphyrinogen I synthetase b. Uroporphyrinogen synthetase © ALA synthetase “fen * d. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase €. None of the above 61. Substrates required for hemoglobin synthesis are: seusitive tc heavy metal poisoning such as Lead (Pb), ALA synthetase Ferrocheiatase PBG deaminase All of the above Only 8 and b “Gan . The most important source of reducing equivaients for FA synthesis in the jiver is: Glycolysis HMP-shuct TCA cycle Uronic acid pathway Gluconeogenesis 66. Fatty acid synthesis occurs in which part of the ceil? a. Nucleus 6. RibosomesBlochemisiry Conttiswus Assessment Tes 8, Mitochondria ee © iculum 67. Which of the following cofactors or their derivatives must be present for the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, in extramitochondrial FA synth: ‘AD ACP NAD Bictin 68. The energy yield from complete oxidation {beta oxidation) of palmitoyl-CoA witl bel HF a, 156 ATP e b, 129 ATP cts all ¢, 131 ATP e @ 146 ate. ie &> None of the above 69, fu Type | familixl hypercholesterolemia: a. The receptor is synthesized but not internalized b. The i low ‘The defect is in LCAT (Gr ithe defect is so large to the extent that the receptor is not synthesized au . None of the above el of cholesterol in cireulation is 70, The final product of Beta oxidation of odd-carbon fatty acid chain is: rot - a Succinyi-CoA wee b. Propiony!-Coa Aes +c. Acetyl-CoA. Mailonyl-CoA Aceto-acetyi CoA 71. All of the following tissues are capable of using Bes boas EXCEPT: Brain b. Renal cortex . Red blood cells 10 wo result from serystogg are formed in kidneys ‘They include acetoacetic acid and acetone y be exereted in urine present in high concentration in uncontrolied Diabetes meilitus a 73, Ketosis is partly ascribed to: 4. Overproduction of ylucose © . Underproduction of glucose" c.. Increased carbohydrate utilization (Gd. increased fat utilization eased pyruvate in the liver en 74, Brown adipose tissue is characterized by the followin uma: ~~ adipose tissue ©. Oxidation and ph sightly cou sent in hibemating animais e. i of the above 75, Carnitine ws synthesized from: ® bysin b. Serine & Choline d. Arginine e. 76, Regarding glucagon hormone: a. Its generally regarded as catabolic hormone . Increases fatty acid synthesis Acts mainly by decreasing cAMP Activates lipoprotein lipase Only a and c‘avnitine deficies y; &. May be treated by oral camitine b. Presents with symptoms during fasting fads to impaired transite of famty acyi- CoAs into the mitochondria © All of the above &, None of the above 78, The following apoprotein activates lipoprotein lipase: a. Apo B100 : Apo C Ap !1 of the above 19, Acetyl-Co required for extramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis is Pyruvate deaydrog Thio Camitine-scyl transferase Citrate lyase rodused by: ise compiex ©. Acetyl-Coa synthase 86. During each cycle of beta oxidation of FA, all of the following are generated except: a. NADH CRTD Fes yes sat = Fang d. Acyl Coa A Acetyl CoA 81. Glycine contributes to the following C and N of purine nucleus a, C-1,C-2 and N7 8. C8, C-6 and Ng e C-4,C- id C-3, C-4 and NI e. C-4,C-5 and NO 82. inosine monophosphate (IMP) is the biological precursor of: a. Cytosine and uric acid = AMP and GMP) CS" ©. Orotie acid and uridylic acid nisiry Continuous Assessenent Test 4 The probable metabolic defect in gout 8. A defect in excretion of uric acid An overproduction of pyrimidines 6. An tnderproduction of purine: ©. Rise in calcium leading to deposition of calcium urate 83, 84, The following drug inhibits xanthine oxidase i Aspen b. Colchicine o © Abiopurinot if ae d. Probenecid €. Phenylbutazone 5. Phe foilowing are uricusurie drugs Halofenate Ail of the above & Only A und B 86. All of the following are true about Lesch- Nyhan syndrome EXCEPT: 4. Produces self mutilation &. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme HGPRI ¢. ¢ leveis of uric acid in the vlood im is eutosomal eeesivd) CE bose (& Spasticity and mental retardation. oe 87. A product of the committed step of pyrimidine synthesis is: a se-5”. h was ' Q ©. Thiouraci! $88. Synthesis of GMP from iMP requires the following: @ Ammonia, NAD+, ATPfj (o} a9. Biochemistry Cont Glutamine, NAD+, ATPL Ammonia, GTP, NAD+ d. Glutemine, GTP, NADP+ e. Glutamine, UTP, NADP+ in orotic aciduria a. Type | affects only OMP decarboxylase b. Type i] affects only orotate phospitoribosyitransferase Both types presems with megalobiastic angemia d. None of the above SECTION B: MATCHING ITEM QUESTIO inuous Assessment Test 3 ® Only A and C 90. Regarding the suivage pathway ies the ieast utilized pathway in the wastage of ni leotides ne d Allof the above @. None of the above aucieotides in urine - essential NS (20 Marks) Fill in the blanks provided in Column A with the letter of the correct statement from Column B 3 Omithine anc Cysteine and trultine ‘yrosife Serine and Threonine MH Valine and isoleucine ~& Leucine ans Lysine LD Glycine and Proline I" Proiine and Omithine Histidine and Arginine —B- Giutamate and Alanine _K Asparagine and Aspartate Fhe amino acids metabolized to Keto te, he most abundant ino acids in the body ssential amino acids ic and essential amino acids. H, The Ketogenic and Non-essential amino acids 1 The No Essential amino aci synthesized from Essential amino acids The amino acids that are synthesized from Glutemate by the same pe . The amino acids metabolized to Oxaloacetare The non standard amino acids . The amino acids metabolized to Suecinyi- CoA. The amino acids mainly found in proteins. ‘The binding sites for biotin. arR | | i i i | i | | that are. | | | | I: |o. BEST WASHES