CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES

Types of Cycles

Now, with the basic knowledge you have of the parts and the four strokes of
the engine; let us see what happens during the actual running of the engine. To produce
sustained power, an engine must repeatedly
complete one series of the four strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. One
completion of this series of strokes is known as a cycle.

Example:

Four Stroke Cyle

Two Stroke Cycle

Comparison: The piston makes two complete passes in the cylinder to complete one operating cycle.
An operating cycle requires two revolutions (720°) of the crankshaft. The four-stroke cycle engine is the
most common type of small engine. A four-stroke cycle engine completes five Strokes in one operating
cycle, including intake, compression, ignition, power, and exhaust Strokes while two-stroke cycle engine
is similar to an automotive four-stroke engine, but it only requires one revolution of the crankshaft for a
complete power-producing cycle. Generally, two-stroke cycle engines are NOT used in automobiles
because they: - Produce much exhaust pollution - Have poor power output at low speeds - Require more
service than a four-stroke - Are not as fuel efficient as a four- stroke - Must have motor oil mixed into
the fuel.
Types of Fuel Used:

To produce energy and provide heating, usually released through combustion.

Example:

Diesel

Gasoline

Comparison:

The major difference between diesel and gasoline is the way these
explosions happen. In a gasoline engine, fuel is mixed with air, compressed by pistons and
ignited by sparks from spark plugs. In a diesel engine, however, the air is compressed first, and
then the fuel is injected.

Number of Cylinders

A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the

space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a
bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before receiving
precision machine work.
Arrangement of Cylinders

The automobile engines vary according to the arrangement of cylinders in the

cylinder block.

Example:

In-line

V-Type

Horizontal Opposed

Rotary