EFFECTS OF LOAD AND SOURCE RESISTANCE

OBJECTIVES

- To determine the effects of load and source resistance to the voltage gain in both
BJT and FET amplifiers.
- To learn what values of load and source resistances can make high gain.
- To determine if theirs is an effect on other parameters by changing the load or
source resistance.

MATERIALS
- DC Supply
- DMM
- Breadboard
- Connecting wires
- Transistors
- Resistors
- Capacitors
- Potentiometers

PROCEDURE

1. Construct the circuits in Lab experiment 1 in a prototyping board.

2. Connect a 1 nF ceramic capacitor coupler.
3. Connect a 1k ohm load resistor.
4. Connect a 5mV 1kHz sinusoidal wave to the input.
5. Measure the gain.
6. Repeat the process for 2 k ohms, 3.3 k ohms,5 k ohms and 10 k ohms load
resistances.
7. Remove the load resistor.
8. Now, connect a 100 series resistor to a function generator.
9. Measure the gain with respect to the input of the amplifier and with respect to the
source voltage.
10. Record your measurements.
11. Repeat steps 7-10 for a resistance of 220 ohms, 330 ohms , 500 ohms , and 1 k ohm.
12. Combine the different source and load resistances in your measurements.
13. Record your measurement.

DISCUSSION
 For this experiment, we are required to do an observation to determine if there is an effect
in gain as the load and source resistance varies. We once again prototyped the circuits as
encountered from the previous lab experiment adding capacitor couplers, load and source
resistors for measuring the required small signal parameters.

As we got the circuit we needed in the experiment, we started to measure the output and
input voltage of 1k ohm load amplifier which is needed to calculate the gain. Next, we changed
the value of RL from 1k ohm to (2.2 k, 3k, 5k, and 10k) and record each output voltage and
calculate their gain. We had observed that the gain increases as the load resistance increases.

For the source resistance experiment, we created a circuit having a source resistance of
100 ohm and then measured its output voltage and then calculate the gain. Next, we changed the
value of Rs from 100 ohms to (220 ohms, 330 ohms, 500 ohms, 1k ohm) and record the each
measurement and compute their gain.

Lastly, we combined those two experiment. We recorded the output voltage of the
amplifier as the two parameters Rs and RL vary and then find their gain.

DATA AND RESULTS

Circuit 1:

VCC
15V
VCC
R2 C2
15V
C1
R4 1nF
R1 5kΩ
Q1 50 %
RS 1nF 1kΩ Key=A
R3 RL
100Ω 1MΩ
21 % 1kΩ
Key=A 330kΩ
2N2222A
V1

3.53553mVrms
1kHz
0°
Circuit 2:

VCC
15V

R2
R1 2.7kΩ
C1 1MΩ C2
RS

100Ω 1nF Q1 1nF RL

V1 1kΩ
3.53553mVrms
2N2222A
1kHz
0°

Circuit 3:

VDD
RS C1 15V

100Ω 1nF R3
V2 1kΩ
3.53553mVrms C2
1kHz R2 R5
0° R1
100Ω 1nF
100kΩ
10kΩ R4 Q1 50 %
Key=A RL
V1 100kΩ 1kΩ
9V 10 %
Key=A
J201

Circuit 4:
 RS C1
VDD
V2 100Ω 1nF 15V

3.53553mVrms R3
1kHz 1kΩ
0°
R2 R5 C2
R1
100Ω 1nF
100kΩ
10kΩ R4 Q1 50 % RL
Key=A
1kΩ
V1 100kΩ
9V 10 %
Key=A
2N7000

Vo
Av =
Vi

Load Source Gain(2n2222A Gain(2N2222A Gain(J201) Gain(2n7000)

resistance resistance ) ) Circuit 3 Circuit 3
Circuit 1 Circuit 2
1kΩ
2kΩ
3.3kΩ µ
5kΩ
10kΩ
Load Source Gain(2n2222A Gain(2N2222A Gain(J201) Gain(2n7000)
resistance resistance ) ) Circuit 3 Circuit 3
Circuit 1 Circuit 2
100 ohms
220 ohms
330 ohms
500 ohms
1k ohm

Load Source Gain(2n2222A Gain(2N2222A Gain(J201) Gain(2n7000)

resistance resistance ) ) Circuit 3 Circuit 3
Circuit 1 Circuit 2
1kΩ 100 ohms 15.35 m
2kΩ 220 ohms 23.43 m
3.3kΩ 330 ohms 35.769 m
5kΩ 500 ohms 61.6279 m
10kΩ 1k ohm 131.5217 m

PROBLEM

How does the source and load resistance affect the gain?

The result in this laboratory shows that the source and load resistance is a valid concern
and has an effect on the gain. The source resistor and load resistor is connected with the input
impedance and output impedance of the system, respectively. Of course, it will affect the gain
because the loaded voltage gain is depended with its no load voltage gain, output impedance and
load resistance. Ideally, changing values of load and source resistance may help you to have your
desire gain.
CONCLUSION

We therefore conclude that the larger the source resistance and/or smaller the load
resistance , the less the overall gain of the amplifier..
Other parameters like input impedance and unloaded voltage gain are unaffected by the
applied source resistance. This experiment also proves that the loaded voltage gain will
always be less the the no-load voltage gain.