Mi FORM TP 2013179 ‘Altes cove 02220010 MAYAUNE 2013 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNIT2- Paper 01 hour 30 minutes 28 MAY 2013 ( READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. items, You will have 1 hour and 30 minutes to answer ther, ‘This test consists of 4 In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. Do not be concemed that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this tes. Each item in tis test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item {you are about to answer and decide which choice is best (On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look atthe sample item below, ‘Sample Kem Suspended particles in water enuse Sample Answer (A) seidity ©00@ (B) alkalinity (©) salinity (D) turbidity ‘The best answer to this item is “turbidity”, so answer space (D) has been shaded. If you want to change your answer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice. When you are told to begin, tur the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can, If you cannot answer an item, g0 on to the next one, You may return to this item later. Your score will be the total number of correct answers. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer items. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2010 Caribbean Examinations Council All riot reservedWhich of the following is a feature of “organic farming? yp) There is the use of onganisms to contol pests. (B) Greater inputs are used to increase production of crops. (C) Nutrients are fed directly to plants by pipelines, (D) There isan increase inthe amount of fertilizers used. Sewage sludge would be unfit for use as fenilizer if itis contaminated with —~ (A) nitrates {B). phosphates heavy metals ‘organic compounds Which of the following are features of subsistence farming? 1. Slash and burn Hl, Domestic labour force ML, Primitive tools IV. Shifting euttivation (A) Land I only BI, Mand Il only (©) tit and iv only 1,11, Ill and IV Which ofthe followingis NOTanadyantage of noctillage farming? : (A) Crop yield is enhanced (B) Soil erosion is minimized (@©p\ Loss of organic matter from the soll (D) Increased water-holding capacity of the soil Planting the same crop year after year may result in (A) improved erop yield AB) dzereased sil erosion (OD) the retention of essential nutrients inthe soil @, increased damage to crops by insoos and diseases 6. Which ofthe following is NOT associated with organic farming? (A) Crop rotation e Soil slinisation (C)High-yield polyculture (D) Biological pest control Item 7 refers to the following table which shows the contributions to GDP by three sectors in several Caribbean countries. Country | Agriculture | Industry | Services (a), ca) _ |). ‘Anguilla 4 18 a Barbados 6 16 78 Dominica 18 33 a Grenada 3 18 77 Bait 28 20 32 Jamaica 3 27 6 inidad and] 1 38 a1 Tobago 7. In which three countries does agriculture have the HIGHEST contribution to GDP? (A) Haiti, Jamaica, Grenada (B) Barbados, Anguilla, Hai Aly Barbados, Dominica, Haiti (D) _Trinidad’and Tobago, Anguilla, Dominica GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE10. 4 Apig farmer collects 5 uses them to feed his pigs. This sustainable agricultural practice is an example of w @) ‘conservation tillage contour farming crop rotation | post-harvest management Which ofthe following is MOST likely the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in 1 food crop such as com? (A) Decreased kemel size = (B) Decreased potential yield (yp Increased susceptibility to plant () Increased dependence on chemical fentlizers Which ofthe followingisNOTan advantage of aquaculture? once ©) Ther inate ©) cin rentance >) mich ieeces catch fish Which form of soil degradation may be caused by capillary action? Ady Salinisstion (B) Acidification kinetic Il, Production of cheap electricity (B) Electrical > kinotic 1, Recreation and swimming Kinetic > potential IV. Reduction of downstream flooding ©) tie > chemical (A) Landi only (B) Mand It only Item 27 refers to the diagram below which By Nanay only shows 2 windmill that is used to generate ©) 1,u,ulandiv electricity Which ofthe following is an advantage of 1 natural gas as @ source of energy? (A) Less polluting 1 —ur (B) Easier to transport Produces less CO, for the same output (D) Does not contribute to global oy warming tem refers tothe following graph which shows the change in oil production and ‘demand over a period of time. The funtion of the part labelled ‘II’ on the diagram isto convert (A) wind ene tnt enemy ©) wd eng opti ey (©) pounslotnyweestealenay Sie nog To etic ve aut ‘Time (years) ‘At what point isthe price ofl likely tobe HIGHEST? wa ® 8B © ¢ @ > GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE‘em28 refers tothe diagrams below whichillustrateanactvityin which students were investigating the efficiency of two bulbs. Sr ess Glass le em Glass |ooen tow fF y w ‘Thermometer Incandescent ‘Thermometer Fluorescent Bor I Box? 28. Which of the following precautions are necessary fortis activity? 1. Use cardboard boxes, Tl, Take at least tree readings. Ul Read the thermometer at eye level. IV. Take readings within the same time period (A) 1, Mand tt only ®) I, Mand IV only hem 29 refers tothe tube below which em 30 refers tothe table below which shows pewoleum production and demand ihows generation cost of clectlely in diferent parts ofthe developed word roused romnaural resources orseveral Production (million | Demand (million Cerbbeen counties. bared)" [areperee)| [ose | SRST USA 90 19.6. (cents per kilowatt hour) Coad zr 19 a) zr Ewope 66 Ta Barbedos 35 pan 00) 33 Gye 30 ‘Australia 0.0 10 Jamaica 20 [China 33 45 Antigua a 29. Which country needs to impor'the MOST 30. Which of the following explains why oil? Trinidad has the lowest generation cost? (a) usa (A) Technology is avilable BSP China (B) The economy is booming. : TC) Japan @ Readily available source of energy. () Canada Electricity generations subsidized. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE31 32, 33. 34 36. - Which ofthe following isan air pollutant? (A) Nitrate (B) Carbon dioxide GD Nivogen vie (D) Stratospheric ozone Which of the following metals is NOT considered o be atoxie pollutant? Lead ®) Mercury Cadmium cnn ; Which of the following compounds is a necessary ingredient in the production of photochemical smog? GD Nitrogen oxide (B) Sulphur dioxide (C) Carbon dioxide ©) Carbon monoxide ‘Acceleratedeutophicationinstreams, lakes and bays will result from the introduction of (A) herbicides (B)> phosphates (C)~ bacteria and viruses acid waste and salts Which international negotiation resulted ‘nan agreementto phase eu chlorofluoro- carbon production? (A) Basel Convention (BY) Montreal Protocol Cartsgens Convention (D) Climate Change Convention 36. 37. Which of the following is NOT a major environmental effect of ozone depletion? (A) Lower food-crop production {B) Increased incidence of skin cancer (C) Reduction of primary productivity in the ocean (D)) Decreased concentration of CO, in the atmosphere Which ofthe following are DISADVANT- AGES of phytoremediation? 1. Insects can eat the plants. U. Cheaper than conventional methods. 1. Plants cannot remove contaminants present in the soil deeper than their roots normally grow. Plants must be disposed of in a hazardous waste landfill ie ie W) 1,1, Mand IV GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEa Hems 38-32 refer to the following experiment which was conducted to investigate the effect of taffic density onthe level of soot (carbon particles) inthe air. Four locations were chosen; tree of them were close to three different roadways and one in the middle of a national park The description and traffic density of each location are show in the table below. 5 “Trafiie Density Description oftocation | (nore 1._A major highway 750 T,_An urban road 120 il. A rural, minor road 10 IV. Middle of a national park o ‘The soot in the air was collected by drawing Sm? of air through a filter at each location. It was assumed that the dark colour on the filter was due tothe soot in the ait, One of the locations was used ss a control. The state of each filter after the experiment is shown in the diagrams, I, 1, 1H and IV respectively ©@O0 38. The conclusion that can be drawn from the experiment is thatthe level of soot (A) increases as traffic density decreases cp inereases as traffic density increases . *) decreases as the trafic density increases (©) has no relationship withthe tae density 39. Which ofthe following are possible sources of error inthis experiment? 1. Incorrect use of the air collection instrument. I, Soot may be produced by other sources besides vehicles, for example, ies ML Dark colour on filter could be due to other things besides soot. (A) Land tt only (8) Land I only Wand Il only 1,1 and JIL GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE40. Which of the following methods can be 41. A sample of water from 2 stream showed used orchabilitatesoilscontaminated with distinet cloudiness. This would MOST crude cil? likely be due to 8 high 1. Bioremediation (A) pH 11. Biomagnification @®) DO 41. Phytoremediation ss Iv. Bicaccumulation (DY salinity (A) Landi only CB) andl only (©) and IV only @) 1,1, Mlland tv t= erie gpholow wh shos polo ends ne opting can cena 1200000 1 coven 7 betaine sino ano ou Developed countries aan 00 Sulphur dioxide (metric tonnes) 0 1990 1995 2000 Year 42. Which statement BEST describes the trend shown for the period 1995-2000? 43. Inwhich year were emissions the LOWEST for developed countries? (A) 1990 B) 1993 a G0 ON TA THE NEWT DAE-10- tem 44 refers to the graph below which shows how the dissolved oxygen concentration in a river ‘aries with time and the effects after a pollutant was accidentally introduced into the river. Va & gE Es: sie. sf ol os 12345678910 ‘Time (days) “4. Onicha wate: aden note i te ine? a1 - - ® : 3 Lem 4§ refers tothe following graph which shows the changes in density of a population of algae ‘and pond fish. The pond water is supplied by a community river. as 400 aps 250 # gia a0 BE a é & 48. What isthe MOST likely reason for the trend seen in the population variation ofthe fish?” @® The fish population decreased due to reduced levels of dissolved oxygen caused by algae. The ish population increased due to an increas nthe population of algae whieh provides more food for fish (©) The ish population deoreased due to decrease in the population of algee (©) _Thefish population increased due to an increase inthe population of slgne which provides more oxygen fr fish, END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.