SEISMIC WAVE AND IMAGING LAB WORK

In this lab work we will generate seismic wave starting from design structure, generate seismic
synthetic, record snapshot, velocity analysis and perform migration.

LAB-1 : MODEL BUILDER

Objectives:

1. To build structure model using Tesseral.

2. To design seismic surface acquisition parameter.

Procedures:

1. Start Tesseral and framework menu appears

2. Define region boundary: Top, Left, Bottom and Right. Select “invisible” on the surface for not
up-going wave reflect back down into the model. “Default minimum” block is used in
determining computational grid cell. The higher velocity, the bigger grid cell.
3. To draw the structure we need to define polygon. From “edit”>”new polygon” click the left
button and extend it to the right, then double click to create close polygon down to bottom.
4. Select sample list, drop down the menu and locate Sediment > Anhydrite then click “apply
parameters”. Click “OK” to close the menu.
5. Move the source and receiver line by pointed out the symbol and pull to the new location.

Initial location

New location

6. By the same process create subsequent polygons so that the final subsurface is as follow.
Polygon Sample list Depth Velocity
2nd Sediment >Limestone >500 m default
3rd Undefined >1200 m Vp=2000 m/s
Vs=1150 m/s
Dens=2010 kg/m3
4th Undefined, cross 3rd polygons. >800 m Vp=2200 m/s
Vs=1270 m/s
Dens=2086 kg/m3
5th Undefined, cross 3rd and 4th >1500 Vp=2300 m/s
polygons. (hint: right click Vs=1330 m/s
polygon 4th and select new Dens=2124 kg/m3
polygon)

7. Recheck the units by clicking

and change the unit time to “ms”

8. Use Framework to set the sources and receivers

Minimal extent of
computational grid

Number of snapshots
Snapshots position

Time distance
between snapshots

Truncate the computation area

to fit just to receiver positions.

Remove the source

so that coincident
with receiver line
9. Deviate the well by creating new polygon; click “OK” to close and fill the default value in the
box because it is a dummy polygon. Project the receivers into new polygon. Place the
pointer inside the new polygon and right click mouse button to select “Cut polygon”.

10. Save your work as “VSP model”. It will automatically create three files: .tam, .tes, and .avo
LAB TASK

1. Design structure model below in Tesseral and save as “saltdome”.

2. Design surface seismic acquisition for both models with 5 sources and 150 receivers.
LAB-2 : WAVE GENERATOR, FILE MERGE AND SEG-Y CONVERSION.

Objectives :

1. To generate Acoustic and Elastic modelling.

2. To merge seismic gather and snapshot.
3. To create SGY file for further processing step.

Procedures :

1. Open “VSP model.tam”

2. Now you will generate wave propagation. There is scalar, acoustic and elastic modelling to
generate wave field in which they has a different on physical properties distributions. Click
“Run” > “Acoustic Modeling”, it will automatically generate an acoustic equation modelling.

3. Once the process finish, display of result consist of model, seismic gather and snapshot as
follow:
You can play around with the snapshot and it’s correspond seismic gathers.

4. There are two important files generated after execution: GathAP for Seismic gathers,
SnapAP for snapshots.
5. Seismic gathers and snapshot will be merged into one file for wavefront/event analysis.
Activate seismic gathers pane, click “Run”>”Grid merge”. Do it for snapshot as well. Now,
GathAP-1, GathAP-2 and GathAP-3 merge into GathAP.
SnapAP-1, SnapAP-2 and SnapAP-3 merge into SnapAP.
 6. Convert seismic gather into SGY format. Activate GathAP and click “File” > “Convert to SEG-
Y” and choose header CMP.

LAB TASK:

1. Generate Acoustic and Elastic Modeling for “Saltdome” structure in Lab-1.

2. Merge the shot gathers and snapshots.
3. Convert the gather into SEG-Y format.
LAB-3 : SURFACE ACQUISITION AND VELOCITY ANALYSIS

Objectives:

1. To design simple surface data acquisition

2. To perform velocity analysis

Procedures:

1. Design simple structure and fill-in field parameter as follow:

- Freq 100 Hz; Ricker wavelet; Save as “simple dipping”
2. Generate Acoustic Modelling from 1st shot point until 101st shot point.
3. Merge the shot gather and snapshot into single pane

4. Enlarge the amplitude and applied to all shot gathers

5. Analyse the result by playing around with the snapshot

Direct wave

Reflected wave
6. Compare the result if you add more sources and receivers such as 150 sources.
7. Click active Gath and run sorting to transform CSG to CMG.

8. Create velocity spectra

9. Match the spectrum energy with reflector. Beware of multiple! Save your picking “Edit” >
“Velocity” > “Save velocity”
LAB TASK:

1. Design 3 layers structures. Adjust the frequency, source and receiver configuration. Report
your result.
2. Merge the CSG and transform to CMG before velocity analysis. Convert CMG to SEG-Y.
LAB-4 : MIGRATION PRE-STACK AND POST-STACK

Objectives:

1. To understand principle of migration

2. To perform pre-stack and post-stack migration

Procedures:

1. Open CMG of “simple dipping” file.

2. Create CMP stacking cross-section, load velocity from velocity spectra in the previous lab.
Try to elaborate what happen if you did single spectrum with multiple spectrum velocity
analysis.

Model section CMP time section

 CMP time section DMO time section
(multiple velocity spectrum) (multiple velocity spectrum)

3. Now we will use velocities defined from the model. To do this, open the “simple dipping”
model. Export the model into grid format (-PQR.tgr).
Load the velocity model, Gathers windows must be activated.

4. Run post-stack migration (MIG). Remember, velocity model has been loaded from the
previous step.
5. Compare the result and try to playing around with WIGW method. What happen if you
adjust aperture parameter?

6. PSM (Pre stack ) and CMP Migration (Post stack) result.

Pre-stack Kirchoff Migration Post-stack Kirchoff Migration

LAB TASK:

1. Design structure below. Process your model until migration (pre and post stack). Print out
the result.