3URUDþXQVNLPRGHO–SULMHGORJ]DXSRUDEXNDERQVNLKYODNDQD

VLVWHPD&DUERQLDU]DVWUXNWXUDOQRRMDþDQMH

2YDML]YMHãWDMMHSURL]YRGWHRUHWVNRJLSUDNWLþQRJLVNXVWYDNDRLODERUDWRULMVNLKWHVWRYDNRMHVPR
L]YHOL
Pošto radimo sa kompozitnim materijalima koji VX QDSUDYOMHQL WLMHNRP L]YR HQMD SRVOD
ODERUDWRULMVNL WHVWRYL EL WUHEDOL ELWL YR HQL ]D VSHFLILþQH PDWHULMDOH  D YULMHGQRVWL NRMH VX RYGMH
L]QHVHQH WUHEDOH EL VH VPDWUDWL LQGLNDWLYQLPD 7DNR VH YDULMDELOQRVW NDUDNWHULVWLND QH VPLMH
]DERUDYLWLSRYUKVYLKþYUVWRüDLPRGXODHODVWLþQRVWL

=D VLVWHP  &DUERQLDU –D PDNVLPDOQL GR]YROMHQL QDSRQ YULMHGQRVWL SUHSRUXþHQH ]D NRILFLMHQW
VLJXUQRVWL VX L]PH X  L  1DMYLãD YULMHGQRVW SUHSRUXþHQD MH X]HWD V RSUH]RP ]ERJ UDGQLK
uvjeta, nejednolikosti površine podloge i nesavršene linearnosti trake zbog njenog savijanja.
1LåHYULMHGQRVWLVHSUHSRUXþXMX]DRMDþDQMHEHWRQVNLKVWUXNWXUDJGMHEHWRQLPDGREUXþYUVWRüXL
QDOD]LVHXGREULPXYMHWLPD
9LãH YULMHGQRVWL VH SUHSRUXþXMX ]D JOLQHQH FLJOH L NDPHQH VWUXNWXUH  LOL ]D DUPLUDQL EHWRQJGMH
EHWRQLPDPDOXþYUVWRüXLQDOD]LVHXORãLPXYMHWLPD
6UHGQMHYULMHGQRVWLVHSUHSRUXþXMX]DGUYHQHVWUXNWXUH
.RULVWHüL YLãH YULMHGQRVWL L VWDQGDUGQD NDUERQVND YODNQD  GHIRUPDFLMD MH  ãWR MH YUOR
RSUH]QDYULMHGQRVW

2WSRUQL SUHVMHN MH GRELYHQ X]LPDQMHP YULMHGQRVWL L]QHVHQLK X QDVWDYNX L PQRåHQMHP LVWLK VD
ãLULQRPRMDþDQMDNDUERQVNLKYODNDQDL]UDåHQRPXFHQWLPHWULPD
&DUERQLDUVLVWHPVHXJODYQRPNRULVWLNDRRMDþDQMH]DXYMHWHVWUHVDX]URNRYDQHVDYLMDQMHP
$NRMHGDQRGSRVWRMHüLKRWSRUQLKSUHVMHNDQLMHXPRJXüQRVWLSRGQLMHWLVDYLMDQMHMHGQRVPMHUQD
WUDNDüHVHQDQLMHWLQDGRQMXVWUDQXNDRGRGDWQRVWUHPHQMHLOLELDNVLDOQDWUDNDQDƒ


2MDþDQMHSURWLYVDYLMDQMHEHWRQD&DUERQLDUVLVWHPRP


6XUDGQMD EHWRQD L NDUERQVNLK YODNDQD RYLVL R VQD]L SULRQMLYRVWL HSRNVLGQH VPROH 3OHWLYD
NDUERQVNRK YODNDQD GMHOXMX NDR GRGDWQD DUPDWXUD X YODþQRM ]RQL 1DGDOMH RVLJXUDYDMX
]DGUåDYDQMH ãLUHQMD SXNRWLQD WH ãWLWH VWUXNWXUX SUYHQFLMRP GDOMQMH NRUR]LMH SRVWRMHüH þHOLþQH
DUPDWXUH
3URUDþXQ NRHILFLMHQWD KRPRJHQL]DFLMH NDUERQEHWRQ MH L]QHVHQ QD LVWL QDþLQ NDR L SURUDþXQ
NHILFLMHQWD þHOLNEHWRQ 9ULMHGQRVW GRELYHQD ]D VWDQGDUGQD YODNQD MH  GRN MH ]D YODNQD
YLVRNRJPRGXODNRILFLMHQWKRPRJHQL]DFLMH

Idealni otporni presjek sastoji se od površiQH VWODþHQRJ EHWRQD SRYUãLQD WODþQH L YODþQH
DUPDWXUHSRPQRåHQHVNRHILFLMHQWRPKRPRJHQL]DFLMHþHOLNbeton, te površine pletiva karbonskih
YODNDQD SRPQRåHQH V NRILFLMHQWRP KRPRJHQL]DFLMH NDUERQEHWRQ .DUERQVND YODNQD VX

$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
SRORåHQD GXå YODþQR RSWHUHüHQRJ UXED MHU &DERQLDU VLVWHP MH RMDþDQMD NRMH SRYHþDMH RWSRU
VDYLMDQMX

$SOLNDFLMD YODNQDVWRJ RMDþDQMD X YODþQRM ]RQL SURL]YRGL QHNROLNR HIHNDWD 8]URNXMH GD VH
QHXWUDOQD RV SRPDNQH QDSULMHG SUHPD RMDþDQMX SRYHüDQMH  WODþQH SRYUãLQH EHWRQD WH
SRVOMHGLþQRVPDQMHQMHWODNDLVPDQMHQMHYODþQHVLOHXåHOMH]XNDRãWRMHL]QHVHQRXL]UD]XQLåH
2YLHIHNWLVXGREURSR]QDWLRQLPDNRMLGMHOXMXXRYRPSRGUXþMX
2YDM QDþLQ SURMHNWLUDQMDGRSXãWD QDP GD SULPMHWLPR GD MH X SUDNVL YODNNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPD
YUOR VPDQMHQ L GD JDUDQWLUD YLVRNH YULMHGQRVWL ]D NRILFLMHQW VLJXUQRVWL NRML þDN SUHPDãXMH RQDM
SURSLVDQL
,VSUDYDQ SURMHNW üH SUHXVPMHULWL SRVWRMHüL YODN X SRMHGLQLP PDWHULMDOLPD WDNR GD VX RQL X
JUDQLFDPDGRSXãWHQLKYULMHGQRVWL2YRVHRELþQRGRELMHQDQRãHQMHPPDQMHNROLþLQHNDUERQVNLK
YODNDQD]DKYDOMXMXüLYLVRNRMUD]LQLQMH]LQRJPRGXODHODVWLþQRVWLWHYHüHXGDOMHQRVWLRGQHXWUDOQH
RVL
,GHDOQL SUHVMHN RWSRUD RYDNR GHILQLUDQ ãWLWL WROLNR GXJR GRN LJQRULUD RWSRU YXþL EHWRQD NRML VH
NRULVWL]DGUåDYDMXüLPHIHNWRPNRMHJSURL]YRGHNDUERQVNDYODNQDQDGHIRUPDFLMDPD
3UHGORåHQLSURUDþXQVNLVLVWHPED]LUDQMHQDPHWRGLGRSXãWHQLKQDSRQD

6LPEROL

0 PRPHQWVDYLMDQMDRGYDQMVNHVLOHNRMDGMHOXMHQDVWUXNWXUX
$
D SRYUãLQDWODþQRJåHOMH]D
$D SRYUãLQDYODþQRJåHOMH]D
$  SRYršina karbonskih vlakana
σ
 
= dopušteni napon u betonu
σ
 GRSXãWHQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ
 = dopušteni napon u karbonskim vlaknima
Q   NRHILFLMHQWKRPRJHQL]DFLMHþHOLNEHWRQ 
Q  NRHILFLMHQWKRPRJHQL]DFLMHNDUERQEHWRQ ]DVWDQGDUGQDYODNQD
G XGDOMHQRVWL]PH XRVLYODþQRJþHOLNDLWODþQRJUXED
G
 XGDOMHQRVWL]PH XRVLWODþQRJþHOLNDLWODþQRJUXED
K YLVLQDSUHVMHND
K
 XGDOMHQRVWL]PH XNDUERQVNRJSOHWLYDLWODþQRJUXEDMHGQDNRMHKGHEOMLQDSULRQMLYRJVORMD
 SRla debljine karbonskog vlakna. Pošto je dodatna debljina vrlo mala, predpostavljamo
GDMHK
 KGDSRYHüDPRVLJXUQRVW3ULPMHWLPRGDGHEOMLQDSRWSRUHGDMHSR]LWLYDQXWMHFDM
QDRWSRU
b = širina presjeka
QQ QHXWUDOQDRVRWSRUQRJSUHVMHND






$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 


$
DG



<Q

Q

GK

$D
 

$I
 


.RULVWHüL SULMDãQMH VLPEROH  GRND] VWDELOQRVWL ]DKWMHYD SURUDþXQ XGDOMHQRVWL QHXWUDOQH RVL L
WODþQRJD UXED <Q 2YR VH PRåH GRELWL MHGQDGåERP L]MHGQDþDYDQMHP VWDWLþNLK PRPHQDWD
LGHDOQRJSUHVMHNDRWSRUDRE]LURPQDQHXWUDOQXRVQQ

E•<  •<  Q  $
D•<  G
 Q  $ •G<  Q $ •K<  

L]NRMHMHMHGQDGåEDGUXJRJVWXSQMDGRELYHQDXXYMHWLPD<  

E•<  <  Q  $ Q  $
DQ $ –Q  $ GQ  $
 G
Q $ K 



]ERJMHGQRVWDYQRVWLSUHWSRVWDYLPR

&   Q  $ Q  $
 Q $ 
&  Q  $ GQ  $
 G
Q $ K

5MHãDYDQMHPSRãWLYDMXüL<  GRELYDPRXGDOMHQRVWL]PH XWODþQRJUXEDLQHXWUDOQHRVL
  
<   [&  &  E&  ]E



.RQDþQRRYDYULMHGQRVWRPRJXüDYDQDPL]UDþXQDYDQMHPRPHQWDLQHUFLMHSUHVMHND,  SRãWXMXüL
QHXWUDOQXRVQQ
 
,   E•<  Q  $ •G<   Q  $
 •<  –G
 Q $ •K<   
  


'RELYãLJRUQMHYULMHGQRVWLQDSRQLXPDWHULMDOLPDNRMLþLQHLGHDOQLSUHVMHNRWSRUDGRELYHQLVX
1DYLHURYLPL]UD]LPDLPRJXVHXVSRUHGLWLVSRMHGLQDþQLPGRSXãWHQLPQDSRQLPD



$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQXσ 
 0•<  ,  
9ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNXσ  0•Q  •G–<  ,  
9ODþQLQDSRQXNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPDσ  0•Q •K–<  ,  
7ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNXσ    0•Q  •<  –G
, 

*RUQMLL]UD]LPRJXVHNRULVWLWL]DQDODåHQMHGRSXãWHQLKQDSRQD]DVYHPRJXüHVOXþDMHYH
$  $
  $  WHQMLKRYHNRPELQDFLMH
9ULMHGHMHGQDNRL]DJUHGHL]DVWXSRYH

3ULPMHUL


*UHGD SUDYRNXWQRJ SUHVMHND VD E  FP K  FP DUPDWXUD VH VPDWUD QHSRVWRMHüD ]ERJ
NRUR]LMH $    FP površina pletiva karbonskih vlakana nanošenMHP )&8 


jednosmjerne trake iste širine kao greda, dakle 20cm te otpornim presjekom 4.000 mm  ]D


centimetar širine, što daje otporni presjek trake A  • PP FP 
 

3UHWSRVWDYOMDMXüLσ
!  03DD0 10GRELYDPR


&   • 
&  •• 
" 
<   [ •• ] FP

 #
,   • ••  FP 



 7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQX
σ  
 • 03Dσ
$
 03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPD
σ  ••– 03Dσ
  –03D



*UHGDSUDYRNXWQRJSUHVMHNDE FPK FPG FP$   ∅16) je površina
þHOLNDXSRGUXþMXYODþQRJQDSRQD

3UHWSRVWDYOMDMXüLσ
$
 03Dσ
   03D0 1PGRELYDPR

&   • 
&  •• 
" 
<   [ •• ] FP

 #
,   • ••–  FP 






$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
  7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQX
σ  
• 03D!03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ  ••– 03D!σ
   03D

Naponi su van dopuštenih vrijednosti, pa je potrebno nanijeti FCU 1200/20 jednosmjernu traku
LVWH ãLULQH NDR JUHGD NRMD VH RMDþDYD RGQRVQR FP WH VD RWSRUQLP SUHVMHNRP PP  SR


centimetru širine, što daje otporni presjek A  • PP  FP 

 


&   •• 
&  •••• 
" 
<   [ •• ] FP

 #
,   • ••– ••–  FP 
 


 7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQX
σ  
 • 03Dσ
%
03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ  ••– 03Dσ
   03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPD
σ  ••– 03Dσ
  –03D



*UHGDSUDYRNXWQRJSUHVMHNDE FPK FPG FPG
FP$ ∅–površina
þHOLNDXYODþQRM]RQL$
 ∅–SRYUãLQDþHOLNDXWODþQLM]RQL

3UHGSRVWDYOMDMXüLσ
$
 03Dσ
   03D0 03DGRELYDPR

& •• 
& •••• 
 
< [ •• ] FP

 #
, • ••– ••–  FP 
 


 7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQX
σ  
• 03Dσ
$
 03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ •• 03D!σ
   03D



$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
Naponi su viši od dopuštenih vrijednosti, stoga je potrebno nanijeti FCU 1200/20 jednosmjrenu
WUDNXLVWHãLULQHNDRJUHGDNRMDVHRMDþDYDRGQRVQRFPVDRWSRUQLPSUHVMHNRPPP SR


centimetru širine, što daje otporni presjek trake A  • PP  FP
 

& ••• 

& •••••• 
 
< [ •• ] FP

 #
, • ••– ••– ••–  FP
  


 7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQX
σ  
 • 03Dσ
$ 
 03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ  ••– 03Dσ
   03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPD
σ  ••– 03Dσ
  –03D

7ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ  ••– 03Dσ
   03D



3ORþDYLVLQHK FPDUPLUDQDVD∅L∅10 na svaki metar širine, što daje A  FP PL


VPMHãWHQDQDXGDOMHQRVWLG FPRGWODþQRJUXED
3UHGSRVWDYOMDMXüL0 1PGRELYHQL]QHQDGQLPRSWHUHüHQMHPRGGD1P 


σ
 
03Dσ
   03DGRELYPR

& • 
& •• 
 
< [ •• ] FP

 #
, • ••–  FP 



 7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQX
σ  
 • 03D!03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ  ••– 03D!σ
   03D

1DSRQLVXYLãLRGGRSXãWHQLKVWRJDMHSRWUHEQRQDVYDNLPHWDUSORþHQDQLMHWLWUDND
jednosmjerne karbonske trake FCU 500/10 širine 10cm s otpornom presjekom 2,48 mm SR


centimetru širine; što daje otporni presjek trake 2,48 • PP SDMHRWSRUQLSUHVMHN


NDUERQDSRPHWUXãLULQHSORþH$  • FP 



$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
& •• 
& •••• 
 
< [ •• ] FP

 #&
, • ••– ••–  FP
 

 7ODþQLQDSRQXEHWRQX
σ  
• 03Dσ
 
 03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXþHOLNX
σ  ••– 03Dσ
   03D

 9ODþQLQDSRQXNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPD
σ  ••– 03Dσ
  –03D


3ORþDNDRXSUHWKRGQRPSULPMHUXJGMHQHPDSRSUHþQRJRMDþDQMD2YRMHSURUDþXQDWRNDR
od glavne armature, što je 0,2.
 FP .RULVWHüLWUDGLFLRQDOQHSURUDþXQVNHPHWRGH]DEHWRQGRELMHPR<   FPWH

#
,  FP 2YR]QDþLGDSOHWLYDNDUERQVNLKYODNDQDPRUDMXELWLVSRVREQDSRQXGLWLLVWLPRPHQW
RWSRUD
'DOMQH SURFMHQH VX QDþLQMHQH ]D DSOLNDFLMX QD VYDNL PHWDU XQXWDU  WUDNHPHWUX MHGQRVPMHUQH

FCU 500/10 karbonske trake širine 10 cm, otpornog presjeka 2,48 mm po centru širine metra,
što nam daMHRWSRUQLSUHVMHNNDUERQD• PP FP 2WSRUQLSUHVMHNNDUERQD
 

SRPHWUXãLULQHSORþH$ • FP 'RELYDPR



&  • 

& •• 
 
<  [ •• ] FP!FP

 # #
,  • ••–  FP !FP 


















$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
 *5$1,ý1$67$1-$
20$7$1-(
3RYHüDQMHNRQDþQHRWSRUQRVWLWODþQRRSWHUHüHQRJVWXSDRPRWDQRJWUDNDPDNDUERQVNLK
YODNDQDPRåHVHL]UDþXQDWLVOLMHGHüLPL]UD]RP

f ft xt f
P'')( P'* 

b
U +
b




NRQDþQDþYUVWRüDEHWRQD
r

JGMHMH


P''











WODþQDþYUVWRüDRMDþDQRJEHWRQD[03D]
P'-,











WODþQDþYUVWRüDQHRPRWDQRJEHWRQD[03D]
U+











QXPHULþNLNRHILFLMHQW


 NUXåQLSUHVMHFLU



D
U D

NYDGUDWQLSUHVMHFLD






































U



U+








































E


1 a+b











SUDYRNXWQLSUHVMHFLU x 
2 2
PD[ED D



\
UDGLMXVREOLND[PP]
^.

GHEOMLQDNDUERQVNHWUDNH[PP]
P./ JUDQLþQDYODþQDþYUVWRüDNDUERQVNRJYODNQD03D


1DVOLMHGHüRMVOLFLSULND]DQRMHNRQVWLWXWLYQRSRYH]LYDQMHGRELYHQRWHVWRPWODþQRJORPDSUREQLK
FLOLQGDUDGLMDPHWUDFPYLVLQHFPRMDþDQLKNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPD




$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
 13254$678694$2:<;>=?6A@ B8C$D46E4%=54
F>G ?51H;JI4LK-M-MONQP R S>T

klm n oQt>p_q rs u

j
hi

fg klm n o<^%p_q rs

de
bc
`a

EHW

;J?=54VU73WQ;>2XJ4AYZ@ [4]\Q^M_M-M



3ULPMHU2PDWDQMHVWXSDRNUXJORJSUHVMHNDRGDUPLUDQRJEHWRQDGLMDPHWUDPPVDGYD
VORMDNDUERQVNLKYODNDQDWLSD)&8
I0  03D
N  
U PP
I
 03D
W  PP

I00  [[[  03D


















$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
 3260,.

3RVPLþQDþYUVWRþDSUHVMHNDRMDþDQRJNDUERQVNLPYODNQLPDPRåHVHL]UDþXQDWLVOLMHGHüLP
L]UD]RPNRMLNRULVWLVLPEROH(XURNRGD

9 vH
  9 v9
- 9w3
9
PDNVLPDOQDSRVPLþQDVLODSURUDþXQDNRMDVHPRåHSRGQLMHWLEH]ORPD
JGMHMH

9 vH
_ UDþXQVNDþYUVWRüDHOHPHQWDEH]SRVPLþQHDUPDWXUH
9w
GRSULQRVSRVPLþQRMþYUVWRüLRGDUPDWXUHRMDþDQMD
9
GRSULQRVSRVPLþQRMþYUVWRüLRGNDUERQVNLKYODNDQD

-HGDQRGL]UD]DSUHGORåHQLK]DYUHGQRYDQMHGRSULQVDSRVPLþQRMþYUVWRüLGRELYHQRJRG
NDUERQVNLKYODNDQDMH1DQQLLGUXJL

f fe
0,90 xd f xA f x x(sin β + cos β )
γf
@.x
'





GRSULQRVSRVPLþQRMþYUVWRüLRG
sf
NDUERQVNLKYODNDQD

$ površina krbonskih vlakana
V XGDOMHQRVWVORMHYDQDQLMHWRJNDUERQD
βNXWRGUH HQVPMHURPNDUERQVNLKWUDNDLORQJLWXGLQDOQHRVL
γ NRHILFLMHQWVLJXUQRVWLSUHGODåHVH
G HIHNWLYQDYLVLQDNDUERQVNRJYODNQD
I  5[I y HIHNWLYQDYODþQDþYUVWRüDYODNQD
Iy QRPLQDOQDYODþQDþYUVWRüDYODNQD
5NRHILFLMHQWRYLVLRQDþLQXQDNRMLGROD]LGRORPD5<

9ULMHGQRVWL5RYLVHRWLSXORPD
D YODþQLORPNDUERVNHWUDNH
5 [ρ [(  –[ρ [( 
JGMHMH
ρ [( ≤*SD

E RGYDMDQMHNDUERQVNHWUDNHRGEHWRQD

( Rck ) 2 / 3 xw fe
5 
ε f ,u
[ ]
x 738,93 − 4,06 x( E f xt f ) x10 −6 


JGMHMH


$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU 
Z  HIHNWLYQDGHEOMLQDVDDOLMHGHüLPYULMHGQRVWLPD
Z   G –/ XVOXþDMXRPDWDQMDQD8REOLN
Z   G –[/ XVOXþDMXNDGVXWUDNHQDQHVHQHVDPRQDERþQHVWUDQHJUHGH
/ HIHNWLYQDGXOMLQDVSRMDYODNDQDLVWUDQDPDJUHGH
SUHRUXþHQDYULMHGQRVW/  PP

*3D≤( [W ≤*3D

9 z
≤[I0
[Ew [G

VD
I0
WODþQDþYUVWRüDSURMHNWDEHWRQD
GNRULVQDYLVLQDSUHVMHND
Ew širina presjeka

1DNUDMXGDEXGHPRVLJXUQLGDüHSXNRWLQDELWLREXKYDüHQDRMDþDQMHPPDNVLPDOQDXGDOMHQRVW
L]PH XYODNDQDPRUDELWL

d
V_{  | Z  PDNVLPDOQLUD]PDNL]PH XWUDND
4

JGMHMH

Z širina pletiva vlakana
GNRULVQDYLVLQDSUHVMHND











$NURWHULMGRR=DGDU0.UOHåHEZZZDNURWHULMKU