Drug Name Dose And Indication Mechanism of Action Contraindication Side Effects and Nursing

Route Adverse Effects Responsibilities

Epinephrine Adults:  IV: treatment Epinephrine acts by Contraindicated Systemic  Rotate SC
(Adrenaline) Injection: 0.5- and prohylaxis binding to a variety of with allergy or Administration: injection
1mg IV of cardiac adrenergic receptors. hypersensitivity CNS: fear, sites to
Drug Classes: arrest and Adrenaline is a to epinephrine or anxiety, prevent
Intraspinal: attacks of nonselective agonist of components of tenseness, necrosis;
 Sympathomimetic 0.2-0.4mL of transitory AV all adrenergic preparation; restlessness, monitor
 Alpha-adrenergic a 1:1,000 heart block receptors, including α₁, narrow-angle headache, sites
agonist solution with syncopal α₂ , β₁, β₂, and β₃ glaucoma; shock dizziness, frequently
 Beta1 and beta2 added to seizures; receptors.[8] other than drowsiness,  Use extreme
adrenergic anesthetic syncope due to Epinephrine's binding anaphylactic tremor, insomnia, caution
agonist spinal fluid carotid sinus to these receptors shock; hallucinations, when
 Cardiac stimulant mixture syndrome, triggers a number of hypovolemia; seizures, CNS calculating
 Bronchodilator acute metabolic changes. general anesthesia depression, and
 Antasthmatic Children: hypersensitivity Binding to α- with halogenated weakness, preparing
drug Injection: reactions, adrenergic receptors hydrocarbons; blurred vision, doses;
0.01mg/kg serum sickness, inhibits insulin organic brain tearing, epinephrine
 Nasal
q20 mins urticaria, secretion by the damage; cerebral photophbia, CV: is a very
decongestant
angioneurotic pancreas, stimulates arteriosclerosis; Arrhythmias, potent drug.
 Mydriatic
 Antiglaucoma
edema, ina glycogenolysis in the cardiac dilation hypertension  Protect drug
acute asthmatic liver and muscle, and and coronary resulting in solutions
drug
attacks to stimulates glycolysis in insufficiency; intracranial from light,
relieve muscle.[9] β- tachyarrhythmia; hemorrhage, CV extreme
bronchospasms Adrenergic receptor ischemic heart collapse with heat and
not controlled binding triggers disease; hypotension, freezing.
by inhalation or glucagon secretion in hypertension; palpitations,  Shake the
SC injection; the pancreas, increased renal dysfunction; tachycardia, suspension
relaxation of adrenocorticotropic COPD patients precordial pain, for injection
uterine hormone (ACTH) who have GI: Nausea, well before
musculature; secretion by the developed vomiting,
 additive to pituitary gland, and degenerative heart anorexia, GU: withdrawing
local increased lipolysis by disease; diabetes Constriction of the dose.
anesthetic adipose tissue. mellitus; blood vessels and
solutions from Together these effects hyperthyroidism; decreased urine
injection to lead to increased blood lactation. formation,
prolong their glucose and fatty acids, dysuria, urinary
duration of providing substrates for retention in
action and limit energy production males with
systemic within cells throughout prostatism,
absorption the body.[9] OTHER: pallor,
 Injection: relief Reference: MIMS respiratory
from difficulty,
Philippines.PIMS.111th
respiratory orofactial
edition.2007
distress of dystonia,
bronchial sweating.
asthma, chronic
bronchitis,
emphysema,
other COPDs
 Aerosols and
solutions for
nebulization:
Temporary
relief from
acute attacks of
bronchial
asthma, COPD
 Topical nasal
solution:
Temporary
relief from
nasal and
nasopharyngeal
mucosal
congestion due
to a cold,
sinusitis, hay
fever or other
upper
respiratory
allergies
 Drug Name Dose And Indication Mechanism of Action Contraindication Side Effects and Nursing
Route Adverse Effects Responsibilities
midazolam Dosage Forms Preoperative Midazolam, like other Acute narrow-  Decreased  Assess level of
& Strengths sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia benzodiazepines, is angle glaucoma. respiratory rate sedation and
Classes: (IV or IM). presumed to interact Intrathecal or  Apnea level of
Antianxiety oral syrup: Sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia with the gamma- epidural use.  Drowsiness consciousness
Agents; Schedule IV prior to or during aminobutyric acid  Seizure-like throughout
Anxiolytics, diagnostic, therapeutic or (GABA)- activity and for 2-6
Benzodiazepines 2mg/mL endoscopic procedures benzodiazepine  Nausea/vomiting hours
either alone or in receptor complex,  Cough following
injectable combination with other which is widespread administration
 Pain at injection
solution: CNS depressants (IV). in the brain of humans site  Monitor BP,
Schedule IV Induction of general as well as other Pulse and
anesthesia before species. The respiration
1mg/mL administration of other pharmacodynamic continuously
5mg/mL anesthetics, or as a consequences of during IV
component of IV benzodiazepine administration.
supplementation of nitrous agonist actions Oxygen and
oxide and oxygen (balanced include antianxiety resuscitative
anesthesia). Continuous IV effects, sedation, and equipment
infusion for sedation of reduction of seizure should be
intubated and mechanically activity. Midazolam immediately
ventilated patients as a binds to the GABA available.
component of anesthesia or receptor but does not  If overdose
during treatment in a critical displace GABA; occurs,
care setting. rather, it enhances the monitor pulse,
affinity of GABA for respiration,
its receptor site on the and BP
same receptor continuously.
complex. The Maintain
pharmacodynamic patent airway
consequences of and assist
benzodiazepine ventilation as
agonist actions needed. If
include antianxiety hypotension
effects, sedation, and occurs,
reduction of seizure treatment
activity. The intensity includes IV
of action is directly fluids,
related to the degree repositioning
of benzodiazepine and
receptor occupancy. vasopressors
 The effects of
midazolam
can be
reversed with
flumazenil
(Romazicon).