- < o > a = a Ss S & thavincreases resistance of wood against biote and abjotie factors of decay. The solution for wood preservation comprises an aqueous & solution of amine, copper salt, roa salt, quaternary ammonium compound, and carboxylic acid. Preferabl (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization Intemational Bureau (43) International Publication Date (10) International Publication Number 23 March 2006 (23.03.2006) PCT WO 2006/031207 Al (1) International Patent Clason (G1) Designated Stats (dens otherwise dicted for every B27K 322 200601) B27KH36 200601) Kind atonal protection eats AB, AG. Ae AM B27K 2000601) BRP I82 200601) AIAU_AZ, BABB, BG, BR. BW.BY.B7,CA,CILCN, ae €0, C8. CU, (7, DI, DR. DM, DZ, HC TE BG, ESF (21) International Application Number: GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, PCT/SI2005/000028 KG, KM, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LI LT, LU, Ly MA.MD. MG, MK MN, MW. MX. MZNA.NG.NUNO, (22) International Fling Date: gos ie.gn.2q95) NZ OMG, PH, PL, PI, RO, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, 6 September 2005 (16.09.2¢ SL, SM, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, (25) Filing Language: English VC. VN, YU, ZA, ZM, ZW. (26) Publication Language: English (4) Designated States anes otkernsendcated for every ind sfreionl pron avaabey ARIPO (BW. CI (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LS, MW. MZ, NA, SD, ‘SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ‘P-200400260 17 September 2004 (17.09.2004) SI ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), (71) Applicant ana Fhropean (A, BE, BG. CH, CY, CZ BES DR, HE, ES, FR, GB, GR, HU, IE, IS, If, LT, LU, LN, MC, NL,PL, (72) Inventor: KOSMERL, Stojan [SUSI]; Na Klisu 64, ofaelaraei7Ry OMe cee GN, GQ. GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD. TG) (72) Inventors: and (75) Inventors/Applicants (or US only): HUMAR, Miha Published: [SVSII; Moste 2C, SI-1218 Komenda (SI). POHL rane [SUSI]; Voduskova Ula 24, 5 (sD, (74) Agent: KRALJIC, Janez; PATware d.0.0, urckova Cesta 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana (SD. with international search report = with amended claims For vo-letier codes and other abbreviations, refer to the "Guid lance Notes on Codes and Abbreviations” appearing atthe begin hing of each regular issue of the PCT Gazete (54) Title: SOLUTION FOR WOOD PRESERVATION (57) Abstract: A solution for wood preservation is suitable for preservation of wood agains! wood pests (Fung, insects, termites) embodiment i a sol tion for wood preservation, consisting of ethanolamine, copper (ID) sulphate, disodium octaboratetetrahydrate, alkyIbenzyldimethy! ‘ammonium chloride, and octanoie cid dissolved in water. This composition results in improved copper fixation (decreased Teaching of active ingredients from wood during weathering) and improved resistance against the most important wood destroying organisms like wood decay fungi, insects and termites.WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 SOLUTION FOR WOOD PRESERVATION ‘The subject of present invention is aqueous solution for wood preservation against wood pests, and to improve resistance of wood against biotic and abiotic factors of decay. Wood is exposed to various biotic and abiotic factors of decay. These processes are necessary and required in the nature, but whon wood is used for construetion purposes, we would like to slow them down as much as possible. This is can be achieved by using chemical wood preservatives. Most of the Slovenian and European wood species produces wood that is not resistant against fungi, insects and termites. If we want to use such wood in hazard class 3 (wood above soil, uncovered) or hazard class 4 (soil or water contact), we have to chemically protect it, Proper treatment prolongs lifespan of wood, what results in cheaper maintenance and safety of wooden construction. Copper effectiveness against wood decay fungi makes it important constituent of wood preservatives for almost 200 years. In recent years, the use of copper compounds for biocidal purposes has increased. The reasons are: copper compounds are relatively safe, development of pathogens has been minimal; pathogens show increased tolerance against organic fungicides after extended period of use, and thirdly increase in goverment regulations and restrictions (or outright binning) of altemative products due to their toxicological or environmental impacts. However, traditional copper based wood preservatives had an important drawback; copper did not get fixed into wood and was prone to leaching out of wood. This problem was resolved, by introducing of fixed water-bome preservatives. Heinrich Bruning discovered that normally soluble metal salts could be made insoluble, or fixed inside wood, by addition of large amounts of chromium, Since carcinogenic nature of chromium compounds is well known, most of the European countries intend to ban use of chromium in wood preservatives. Some of them will allow use of chromium preserved wood only for special purposes that are classified as hazard elass IV. Use of chromium based wood preservatives will be banned for children playground equipment, garden furniture. Therefore, intense researches are going on in the world laboratories to develop environmentally acceptable solution for copper fixation in wood preservatives.WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 Ammonia was found very effective copper fixative long time ago, but due to its emissions this formulation newer came into extensive commercial use. Later ammonia was replaced with amines; particularly ethanolamine and triethanolamine were found very effective copper fixative. Commercial wood preservatives on the basis of copper and ethanolamine are available on the market already. However, copper leaching from such treated wood is still 5-10 times higher than leaching from wood treated with classical copper-chromium based preservatives. Beside problems with copper fixation, use of copper treated wood is limited because of appearance of copper tolerant fimgi as well. ‘Therefore co-biocides are introduced to copper-ethanolamine based aqueous solution to increase protection against copper tolerant fungi. Addition of co-biocides is very tricky, as we have to pay attention not to increase copper leaching. There are several copper based wood preservatives available on the market. In the major part of the countries (Russia, Ukraine, Africa, Asia, and South America) still uses wood preservatives based on copper, chromium and arsenic salts. American wood preservative association introduces abbreviation CCA for such preservatives. In most of these aqueous solutions copper is in the form of copper oxide. Copper in those preservatives served as fungicides, arsenic as insecticide and secondary fungicide and chromium as fixative. ‘These types of preservatives are available under different commercial names such as: Celcure A, Tanalith C, Ascu - Greensalts, Wolman CCA, Osmose K33, Langwood. In the continental part of Europe, arsenic salts are banned for almost 15 years. In order to ensure protection of wood against insects, boron salts were introduced instead. In some of the Scandinavian countries arsenic was replaced by fluorine compounds. In the USA besides copper-chromium based preservatives other solutions are used as well. One of them consists of copper, arsenic and ammonium acetate. After 1983 part of arsenic was replaced with zinc, Fixation of these preservatives is very simple; most of copper participates after volatilization of ammonia. In the eighties, there were preservatives consisting of copper, arsenic and ammonia. Due to unpleasant ammonia emissions, workers on the impregnation systems do not want to use it.WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 However, completely new solution was developed in Wolman. They developed solution consisting of Cu-HDO (copper hydroxyquinolinolate), that is soluble in solutions with pH value above 7, but precipitates in insoluble form if pH decreases below 6. In acidic wood, copper precipitation appears, rapidly after impregnation. Due to high price, and possible carcinogenic effect of hydroxyquinolinolate, USA EPA does not allow registration of this active ingredient. ‘Nowadays, ethanolamine is a component of several copper based wood preservatives that are available on the market. This includes copper-quat, copper dimethyl-dithio-carbamate, and copper azole. In those preservatives, boron, quatemary ammonium compound or azoles are used as cobiocides, and ethanolamine as fixative. However, detailed molar ratios between copper and amine are not known, Solution for wood preservation according to the present invention offers environmentally acceptable protection of wood against most important wood decay fungi, including white rot, brown rot species as well as copper tolerant isolates. Additionally, wood treated with these preservatives has increased resistance against insects (house longhorn Beatle) and termites. On the other this preservative solution does not contain chromium and arsenic. Copper ensures effectives against most important wood decay fungi, ethanolamine and carboxylic acid ensures proper fixation and quatemary ammonium compound and boron offers protection against insects, termites and copper tolerant fungi. The composition of solution for wood preservation according to the present invention is optimized using two criteria, after extensive laboratory testing. Those two goals are: to decrease copper leaching and to increase effectiveness against wood destroying organisms (wood decay fungi, insects, and termites). ‘Wood preservative solution described in this invention is aqueous solution consisting of: a) selected amine, b) selected copper salt, ©) selected boron salt, 4) selected co-biocide fiom the group of quaternary ammonium compound (quad), and ¢) selected carboxylic acid.WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 a) b) d For preparation of the wood preservative solution according to the present invention an amine is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. The best results were achieved, when wood was impregnated with preservative solution consisting of solution where ethanolamine was used as amine source. ‘Almost ten times lowest copper leaching rates were determined when ethanolamine was used compared to diethanolamine or triethanolamine. For preparation of the wood preservative solution according to the present invention a copper salt is selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, copper hydroxide and copper sulphate pent-hydrate. ‘The best fixation of copper is achieved when copper (II) suphate pent-hydrate (CuSO4xSH20) is used as a copper salt. Copper sulphate is used for wood preservation for long period, but up to our best knowledge, we did not find any report on use of copper sulphate in combination with ethanolamine. During dissolution of this salt, sulphate ion is releasing that decreases the ph value of this solution what results in improved fixation of this respective wood preservative solution. For preparation of the wood preservative solution according to the present invention a boron salt is selected from the group consisting of boric acid, borax and disodium’ octaborate tetrahydrate (NaB,O}3x4H,0). These compounds are well known insecticides and fungicides. The best results were achieved using disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, Combination of this compound with other ingredients resulted in the best performance, best copper fixation and the highest fungicidal effect. For preparation of the wood preservative solution according to the present invention a quaternary ammonium compound (quat) is used as co-biocide. These compounds are used for wood preservation for almost 20 years. In recent yearsWO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 there are even some combination of quat and copper available on the market. The most important advantage of this compound is significant fungicidal effect. Additionally, this compounds form new complexes between copper, ethanolamine and quat, what results in improved fixation. According to the market availability and biological effectiveness, the alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride is chosen for preparation of the wood preservative solution according to the present invention. ©) In order to improve fixation of copper in this preservative solution, carboxylic acids are introduced to this aqueous solution as well. For preparation of the wood preservative solution according to the present invention a carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of hexanoic acid, octanoic acidand decanoic acid, ‘The best results were achieved, when octanoic acid was introduced into preservative solution. Octanoie acid has hydrophobic effect. Besides that it has limited fungicidal properties as well. Addition of carboxylic acid significantly decreases copper leaching. Leaching from preservative solution consisting of copper, ethanolamine and octanoic acid is comparable to leaching from copper- chromium treated wood (Table 1). Copper based preservative solution Copper leached in % Copper (ll) sulphate 45-55% Copper (I) sulphate + ethanolamine 615% Copper (I) sulphate + ethanolamine + disodium 48% octaborate tetrahydrate + quat ccB 0,5-2% Copper (11) sulphate + ethanolamine + disodium 1,1-2% octaborate tetrahydrate + quat + octanoic acidWO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 6 Additionally, molar ratio between copper and ethanolamine in preservative solution is important as well. This ratio influences on the price of preservative solution and its resistance against copper leaching. In the most of preservatives the solution molar ratios Curamine are lower than 1:12. One of the exemptions is Kuproflorin produced by Regeneracija, Slovenia. Acceptable copper-amine molar ratios are between 8:1 and 3:1. The best ratio is influenced by copper source used, co-biocides, and other additives, Generally speaking, more additives requires higher copper amine molar ratio. The lowest copper leaching is determined at specimens impregnated with aqueous solution consisting of copper, boron, ethanolamine, quat where molar ratio between copper and amine was between 1:5 to 1:6. In solutions where molar ratio was lower than 1:4, copper precipitated. ‘The most effective composition of preservative solution described in this patent is aqueous solution consisting of ethanolamine, copper (I1) sulphate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, alkylbenzyldimethy! ammonium chloride, and octanoic acid in the following, composition: a) Ethanolamine (EA) molar ratio between copper and EA should be 1:6, b) 1% Cu in the form of CuSO,x5IL0, ©) 05% of boron in the form of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (NagBgO13x4H20), 4) 1% of quatemary ammonium compound in the form of alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride, e) octanoic acid molar ratio between Cu:octanoic acid should be 1:1, or expressed as grams of respective ingredients in 1000 g of preservative solution 57.69 ethanolamine, 39.32 CuSOsxSEL0, 81g disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 108g alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride, 11.35 g — ovtanoic acid.WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 Wood, impregnated with preservative solution, preapred acording to the present invention, has exhibited sufficient resistance against weathering. Comparable copper leaching rates were determined as at wood impregnated with copper-chromium based solutions. Additionaly, wood impregnated with solutions was resistant against most important wood decay fungi. Mass losses of impregnated specimens exposed to white rot fangi (Trametes versicolor), brown rot fungi (Serpula lacrymans, Antrodia vaillanti, Coniophora puteand) were insignificant (experiments were performed according to standard procedures). Insignificant mass losses were determined after artificially weathering as well. Additionally, this solution protects wood against copper tolerant organisms as well. Wood impregnated with the solution for wood preservative according to the present invention is resistant against termites (Kalotermes flavicolis) as well. Preparation of preservative solution Proper amount of ethanolamine is weighted into reaction chamber; afterwards 4 of water is added, followed by quat. When quat is dissolved, another 4 of water is added. Afterwards, copper sulphate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate is added, followed by % of water. Finally, octanoic acid and last quarter of water is weighted. Preparation of this solution takes place during continuous mixture at room temperature.WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 Claims 1. A solution for wood preservation which comprises an aqueous solution of amine, copper salt, boron salt, quatemary ammonium compound, and carboxylic acid. 2. The solution for wood preservation according to claim 1, wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. 3. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the proceeding claims, wherein the amine is ethanolamine. 4, The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the copper salt is selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, copper hydroxide and copper sulphate pent-hydrate. 5. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the copper salt is copper (II) sulphate pent-hydrate, 6. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the boron salt is selected from the group consisting of boric acid, borax and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate. 7. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the boron salt is disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 8 The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the quatemary ammonium compound is the alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride. 9. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of hexanoic acid, octanoie acid, and decanoie acid.WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 10. Ll. 12. 13. 14, 15. 9 ‘The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the carboxylic acid is octanoic acid, A solution for wood preservation, consisting of ethanolamine, copper (II) sulphate pent-hydrate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride, and octanoic acid dissolved in water. ‘The solution for wood preservation according to claim 11, wherein the molar ratio between copper and ethanolamine is between 1:8 and 1:4, and preferably between 1:5 and 1:6. The solution for wood preservation according to claim 11, wherein the 1000 g of aqueous preservative solution consists of 57.69 g ethanolamine, 39.32 g copper (I sulphate pent-hydrate, 8.1 g disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 10.8 g alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride and 11,35 g octanoic acid. Use of the solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims for protection wood against wood destroying organisms, preferably against wood decay fungi, insects, and termites, Procedure for preparation a solution for wood preservation acording to any of claims 1 — 13, which comprises steps: ) entering the ethanolamine into reaction chamber, b) adding the % of water, ©) adding the quat to dissolve, d) adding the second 4 of water, ©) adding copper sulpbate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, £) adding the followed by the third 4 of water, g) adding the octanoie acid and last quarter of water, executed during continuous mixturing at room temperature,wi WO 2006/031207 w PCT/SI2005/000028 AMENDED CLAIMS Received by the International Bureau on 03 March 2006 (03.03.2006) originally filed claims 1-15 replaced by amended claims 1-14 Claims 1. A solution for wood preservation which comprises an aqueous solution of amine, copper salt, quaternary ammonium compound, carboxylic acid, and boron salt, said boron salt is selected from the group consisting of borax or disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 2, The solution for wood preservation according to claim 1, wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. 3. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the proceeding claims, wherein the amine is ethanolamine. 4, The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the copper salt is selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, copper hydroxide and copper sulphate pent-hydrate. 5, The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, ‘wherein the copper salt is copper (I) sulphate pent-hydrate. 6. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the boron salt is disodium octaborate tetrahydrate. 78. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the quaternary ammonium compound is the alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride. 8. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 10. 1. 12. 13. 14 u wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, and decanoic acid. The solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the carboxylic acid is octanoic acid. A solution for wood preservation, consisting of ethanolamine, copper (II) sulphate pent-hydrate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, alkylbenzyldimethy! ammonium chloride, and octanoic acid dissolved in water. ‘The solution for wood preservation according to claim 10, wherein the molar ratio between copper and ethanolamine is between 1:8 and 1:4, and preferably between 1:5 and 1: ‘The solution for wood preservation according to claim 10, wherein the 1000 g of aqueous preservative solution consists of 57.69 g ethanolamine, 39.32 g copper (II) sulphate pent-hydrate, 8.1 g disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 10.8 g alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride and 11,35 g octanoic acid. Use of the solution for wood preservation according to any of the preceding claims for protection wood against wood destroying organisms, preferably against wood decay fungi, insects, and termites Procedure for preparation a solution for wood preservation acording to any of claims 1-1243, which comprises steps: a) entering the ethanolamine into reaction chamber, ) adding the 1/4 of water, ©) adding the quat to dissolve, 4) adding the second 1/4 of water, ¢) adding copper sulphate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, f) adding the followed by the third 1/4 of water, AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)WO 2006/031207 PCT/SI2005/000028 2 18) adding the octanoic acid and last quarter of water, executed during continuous mixturing at room temperature. AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International Appiction No PcT/sI2005/000028 7 CLASSIFICATION OF SUBIECT WATTER, B27k3/22 B27K3/20 B27K3/36 B27K3/52 According to Inlemetionl Patent Classification (6) oto both nallona cassication and IPC B. FIELOS SEARCHED B27K ‘imam decuranlaton cbarahed (Gasaicaon ayer Volowea by Gasstealon BymOGR) ‘Decameron searched over han rnin dbsurnsalon othe ean Tal euch donnie ar hidod Tr he fils searched EPO-Internal, PAJ, WPI Data Tectonic data bas conned drag he Warealinal search (ame of ala basa and, ware paleal sears ans Sea) ‘C: DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT ‘Galegry* | Cation of document with etion, where appropale ofthe romvant passages elevantto claim No 15 August 1989 (1989-08-15) claims 1-3,11; examples 1-5 19 May 1993 (1993-05-19) example 2 column 1, Tine 49 29 August 2000 (2000-08-29) x Us 4 857 322 A (GOETTSCHE ET AL) column 1, line 21 - column 2, line 25; x EP 0 542 071 A (DR. WOLMAN GMBH) column 7, lines 14-16; claims 1,3,7; column 3, Tine 55 - column 4, line 22 x Us 6 110 263 A (GOETTSCHE ET AL) column 3, lines 46-55; claims 1-5,7,8,11 1-15 1-15 1-15 TZ] Furor documents ar sted inthe contruaon of box. DE] sen emay member ar tdin annex 7 Spedal calogafas of Ged documanis "A document detnng te genera state othe art which snot ‘tore 0 be of pacar elvance *€°arler document but pubsned on ost ho international tg de ocumen! which may throw doubts. on ploy clans or Wiig chest tables to pubicaton as at sotier lation or chor spocal razon 3 epeo%od) deur tering a cose, se, exhib ‘ogurient puted prio te itratlona fing dato but ter inan the prvi dete carne Z "7" later document pubis altho nteatonal lng date ‘pry ean nln ead! hh ‘apglaie bat {ieee th principe ortmoy undying he “X¢ dcuren of pare relovarcs to amod invonton ‘annotbo eonasred novel or camot bo conor To, fnvetie an invonvo step when he documents taken ane “document of pacer relevance aimed invention ‘ann be enaiaered fa vowe an verve Sep fn he ‘Seeumant combinsd wih ene er mo aes sch dock toni suc comin beng cvs pose lod “8 document member ofthe sara patent Fay Date eho sul compan the riowaenal ares ale af maling a risaional earch ropow 29 December 2005 18/01/2006 Tame and raling adios ofthe SA Taoneaaitoor yopean Patent One, >. 5616Patenasn 2 ee a omen Fac (aire) ouo-so16 7797 Bjola, B oes POTREAO ond eh aay ZHINTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International Appication No Pct/s12005/000028 ‘(Gortinnaiony DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT KAISHA; SDS BIOTECH K.K) 13 September 2000 (2000-09-13) paragraph ‘0115! ‘Galagag™ | Oral of aocament wih nccalon, whore appropriate, ofthe relevant passenes Revantvo cam Ne, x US 6 352 583 B1 (GOETTSCHE REIMER ET AL) 1-15 5 March 2002 (2002-03-05) column 4, lines 7-13; claims 1-6,8-11 A EP_1 034 903 A (SHOWA DENKO KABUSHIKI 1-15 oer POTIoN0 omtaon ean ae Gowey OH)INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International Appletion No Information on patent femly members PCT/S12005/000028 Patent document Pubieation | Patent family Publication cited in geareh report ate member(s) ate US 4857322 A 15-08-1989 AU 599165 BZ 12-07-1990 AU 8118987 A 19-05-1988, cA 1305834 C 04-08-1992 DE 3639063 AL 19-05-1988 EP 0270848 AL 15-06-1988 GR 3002257 13 30-12-1992 NZ 222526 A 27-09-1989 EP 0542071 A 19-05-1993 AT 128062 T 15-10-1995 DE 4137621 AL 19-05-1993 DK 542071 13 13-11-1995 ES 2076649 13 01-11-1995 Rr 3017715 13 31-01-1996 us 6110263 A 29-08-2000 AT 218954 T 15-06-2002 AU 732649 B2 26-04-2001 AU 2093797 A 22-09-1997 BR 9707834 A 04-01-2000 CA 2248031 Al 12-09-1997 DE 19608435 AL 11-09-1997 WO 9732700 Al 12-09-1997 EP 0885098 AL 23-12-1998 ES 2178754 13 01-01-2003 NZ 331554 A 27-03-2000 PT. 885098 T 29-11-2002 TR 9801752 T2 23-11-1998 ZA 9701843 A 04-09-1998, US 6352583 Bl 05-03-2002 AU 750008 B2 11-07-2002 AU 6724198 A 22-09-1998 BR 9808181 A 16-05-2000 cA 2282555 Al 11-09-1998 Wo 9839146 AZ 11-09-1998 EP 0966341 AZ 29-12-1999 ES 2185155 13 16-04-2003 NZ 337483 A 01-02-2002 PT 966341 T 28-02-2003 TR 9902137 T2 21-07-2000 ZA 9801819 A 06-09-1999 EP 1034903 A 13-09-2000 AU 757773 B2 06-03-2003 AU 9646798 A 15-06-1999 cA 2311583 AL 03-06-1999 WO 9926767 Al 03-06-1999 No 20002665 A 18-07-2000 NZ 505242 A 25-10-2002 Foes THEN Gina srt Oana Os