Calycanthus

Calycanthus (sweetshrub) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Calycanthaceae, endemic to North
America. The genus includes two to four species depending on taxonomic interpretation; two are accepted by
the Flora of North America.

Description
Calycanthus plants are deciduous shrubs, growing 1–4 metres (3.3–13.1 ft) tall and wide. The bright
green leaves areopposite, entire, 5–15 centimetres (2.0–5.9 in) long and 2–6 centimetres (0.79–2.36 in) broad.
The bark has a strong camphor smell that is released when stems are scraped. The smell remains strong on
twigs that have been stored several years in a dry environment.
The strongly scented flowers are produced from late spring through early autumn for Calycanthus occidentalis,
and April to July for Calycanthus floridus. They are 4–7 centimetres (1.6–2.8 in) broad, with numerous dark
red to burgundy to purplish brown tepals. Typical of the Calycanthaceae family, the flowers lack distinct sepals
and petals, but instead have distinct spirals of tepals.
The lotus-shaped flowers can resemble a small magnolia flower. They are pollinated by beetles in
the Nitidulidae family.
The fruit is an elliptic dry capsule 5–7 cm long, containing numerous seeds.

Species
 Calycanthus floridus—Carolina spicebush, eastern sweetshrub. Native to the Eastern United States,
from New Yorkand Missouri, south through the Appalachian Mountains, Piedmont, and Mississippi
Valley, to Louisiana, and east to northern Florida.
 Calycanthus floridus var. floridus (syn. C. mohrii)—eastern sweetshrub; twigs pubescent
(hairy).

 Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus (syn. C. fertilis)—eastern sweetshrub; twigs glabrous

(smooth).

 Calycanthus occidentalis—California spicebush, western sweetshrub. Native to moist habitats

of California below 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), including in theCalifornia Coast Ranges, San Joaquin Valley,
and Sierra Nevada.

Related

 Sinocalycanthus chinensis (Calycanthus sinensis)—Chinese sweetshrub, Chinese wax shrub. Native

to eastern China, with white flowers. First described in 1963 as Calycanthus chinensis. Sinocalycanthus is
a monotypic genus in the family Calycanthaceae.

Uses
Medicinal plant
Both species of Calycanthus were used as a traditional medicinal plant by Native Americans. The indigenous
peoples of California also used Calycanthus occidentalis in basket weaving and for arrow shafts.
Cultivation
Both Calycanthus species are cultivated as ornamental plants by plant nurseries, including in the United States
and England.
Calycanthus occidentalis is planted in traditional, native plant, and wildlife gardens, and for natural
landscaping and habitat restoration projects, primarily in California and the Western United States. It was
introduced into cultivation in 1831.
Calycanthus floridus is also planted in gardens, as a specimen shrub or for hedges.
It was noted by Mark Catesby in the Piedmont woodlands of the British Province of Carolina in 1732. He
described it, with its bark "as odoriferous as cinnamon", but did not name it. The colonial planters of the
Carolinas transplanted it into their gardens, and the botanist Peter Collinson described it to Linnaeus and
imported it into England from Charleston in the Province of South Carolina around 1756.
Essential oils
Calycanthus oil, distilled from the flowers, is an essential oil used in some quality perfumes. The flowers
of Calycanthus occidentalis have a spicy sweet scent. The flowers of Calycanthus floridus were compared to a
bubble gum scent by one reference.

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