‫********************************************************************************************‬

‫ذ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ اﺳﺒﯿﺮو‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء اﻻﺳﺘﺪراﻛﯿﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ ‪2013‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء ‪:‬اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ‪:‬‬

‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪Po .V 4,638 ´ 10 ´ 0,5 ´ 10‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫= ‪no‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8,77 .10 -3 mol‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺒﺪﺋﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪R.T‬‬ ‫‪8,31 ´ 318‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﺪول ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪no 8,77 .10 -3‬‬

‫‪x m ax‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4,385 .10 -3 mol‬‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ ﻛﻮن ‪no - 2 x m ax = 0 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪nT = (no - 2 x) + 4 x + x = no + 3x‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪P nT‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪ìP.V = nT .R.T‬‬

‫ﻣﻊ ‪nT = no + 3x :‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫‪í‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Po n o‬‬ ‫)‪( 2‬‬ ‫‪îPo .V = no .RT‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪3x‬‬ ‫‪P no + 3 x‬‬
‫‪= 1+‬‬ ‫أي ‪:‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬
‫‪Po‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬ ‫‪Po‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪no P‬‬ ‫‪3x P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪3x‬‬ ‫‪1 dx‬‬
‫أي ‪:‬‬ ‫=‪x‬‬
‫‪.( - 1) Ü‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪- 1 :‬‬ ‫‪= 1+‬‬ ‫‪ v = .‬وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻤﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪3 Po‬‬ ‫‪no Po‬‬ ‫‪Po‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬ ‫‪V dt‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫) (‪d‬‬ ‫) (‪d‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Po‬‬ ‫‪dx no‬‬ ‫‪Po‬‬ ‫‪no P no‬‬
‫‪v= o .‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻤﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪= .‬‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫=‪x‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3.V‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪dt 3. dt‬‬ ‫‪3 Po‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫)‬ ‫(‪D‬‬
‫‪no‬‬ ‫‪Po‬‬ ‫)‪8,77.10 -3 (2.5 - 1‬‬
‫=‪v‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫´‬ ‫‪= 2,44.10 -4 mol.L-1 .s -1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪t=0‬اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫‪3.V Dt‬‬ ‫‪3 ´ 0,5‬‬ ‫)‪(36 - 0‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪C 6 H 5 COOH + HO - ® CH 3 COO - + H 2 O‬‬ ‫‪ (1-1 (1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﺮة ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪( aq‬‬ ‫) ‪( aq‬‬ ‫) ‪( aq‬‬ ‫) ‪(l‬‬

‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪C B .VBE 2.10 -1 ´ 12.10 -3‬‬
‫= ‪CA‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪» 0,16mol / L‬‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫‪ (1-2‬أ( ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪C A .V A = C B .VBE :‬‬
‫‪VA‬‬ ‫‪15,2.10 -3‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪pH E » 8,4‬‬ ‫ب(‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (1-3‬اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻤﻠﻮن اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﺮة ھﻮ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮل ﻓﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪C6 H 5 COOH + H 2 O ® CH 3COO - + H 3O +‬‬ ‫‪ (2-1(2‬ﻟﻨﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪( aq‬‬ ‫) ‪(l‬‬ ‫) ‪( aq‬‬ ‫) ‪( aq‬‬

‫= ‪KA‬‬
‫] ‪[CH COO ]´ [H O‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻀﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫] ‪[CH 3COOH‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﺪول ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ CV - x m ax = 0‬وﻣﻨﮫ ‪x m ax = CV :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻮﻓﺮة ﻓﺈن ‪ C 6 H 5 COOH‬ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪ ‪Ü‬‬

‫‪[CH COO ] = [H O ] = t .CV.V = t .C‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪ x f = t .C.V‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫أي ‪Ü‬‬ ‫=‪t‬‬
‫‪xf‬‬
‫‪C .V‬‬
‫=‪t‬‬
‫‪xf‬‬
‫‪x max‬‬
‫وﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪C.V - x f‬‬ ‫‪C.V - t .C.V‬‬

‫== ] ‪[CH 3COOH‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫) ‪= C (1 - t‬‬ ‫و‪:‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪(t .C ) 2‬‬ ‫‪t 2 .C‬‬
‫= ‪KA‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫إذن ‪:‬‬
‫‪C (1 - t ) 1 - t‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪t2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪t 2 .C‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮫ ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (3‬اﻟﺬي ﯾﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪KA‬‬ ‫إذن‬ ‫´ ‪= KA‬‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫= ‪KA‬‬ ‫‪(2-2‬‬
‫‪1-t‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪1-t‬‬
‫‪æ t2 ö‬‬
‫‪Dçç‬‬ ‫÷‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪1 - t ÷ø 1,26.10 -2 - 3,15.10 -3‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪t2‬‬
‫= ‪ K A‬وﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪pK A = - log K A = 4,2 :‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6,3.10‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫أي‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪200 - 50‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪1-t‬‬
‫) (‪D‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (3-1 (3‬ﺟﺪول ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪s = [Na + ].l( Na ) + [C 6 H 5 COO - ].l(C H COO ) + [CH 3 COO - ].l(CH COO‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل ‪:‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫]‬ ‫[‬
‫‪.... = Na .l1 + C 6 H 5 COO .l 2 + CH 3 COO .l3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﺑﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪:‬‬ ‫] ‪[Na‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫= ‪= o : CH 3 COO -‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫‪no - x f‬‬
‫[‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫و‪:‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪[C‬‬ ‫‪6 H 5 COO‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫=‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪xf‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫وﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪xf‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪xf‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬ ‫‪xf‬‬ ‫) ‪( no - x f‬‬

‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫‪s - l1 . o = l2 . + l3 . o - l3‬‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫‪s = l1 .‬‬ ‫‪+ l2 .‬‬ ‫‪+ l3 .‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
 no n
- l3 . o s - l1 .
xf =
s .V - no (l1 + l3 )
. : ‫ أي‬x f = V V . ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬s - l . no - l . no = x .( l2 - l3 )
l 2 - l3 l 2 - l3 1
V
3
V
f
V
V
255.10 ´ 100 ´ 10 - 3.10 -3 (5 + 4,1).10 -3
-3 -6
xf = -3
= 2.10 -3 mol :‫ع‬.‫ت‬
(3,2 - 4,1).10
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
xf xf
K=
[C H COO ]´ [CH COOH ] =
6 5
-
3 V
´
V =
xf
2
æ xf
=ç
ö
÷
2

: ‫( ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازن‬3-2
[C H COOH ]´ [CH COO ] n
6 5 3
-
o - xf
´
no - x f ( no - x f ) 2 çn -x
è o f
÷
ø
V V
2 2
æ 2.10 -3 ö æ2 ö
K = çç -3
÷ =ç
-3 ÷ ÷ =4 :‫ع‬.‫ت‬
è 3.10 - 2.10 ø è3- 2ø

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
: ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء اﻷول‬
n + U ® Sr + Xe + x n
1
0
235
92
94
Z
140
54
1
0 (1
x=2 Ü 1 + 235 = 94 + 140 + x : ‫اﻧﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
Z = 38 Ü 92 = Z + 54 : ‫اﻧﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
0 n+ 235
92 U ® 38 Sr + 54 Xe + 2 0 n
94 140 1
: 235
92 U ‫ ﻣﻦ‬1g ‫ ( اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻧﺸﻄﺎر‬2

mo
DE o = Dm.c 2
M ( 235U )
921

mo
= [2m(n) + m( Xe) + m( Sr ) - m(n) - m(U )]´ c 2
M (U )
1
= [2 ´ 1,0087 + 139,8920 + 93,8945 - 1,0087 - 234,9935]u ´ (c) 2
235
=
1
235
(
[- 0,1983]´ 931,5MeV / c 2 ´ (c) 2 = 0,786MeV = 1,26.10 -13 J )
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
m m m m
: ‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬ W = r. Dm.c 2 = r. o Dm.c 2 = r. . DE o :‫ أي‬W = r. DE : ‫( ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬3
M mo M U mo
W .mo 3,73.1016 ´ 1
m= = -13
= 1,18.1030 g
r. DEo 0,25 ´ 1,26.10
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
t1 / 2
.t = : ‫( ﻧﺸﺎط اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬4
4
a = a o .e - l .t
Ln 2
-. ´t
... = a o .e t1 / 2

Ln 2 t1 / 2 Ln 2
-. ´ -.
.... = a o .e t1 / 2 4
= a o .e 4
= 4,54 ´ 108 Bq
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
:2 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
.K‫( ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات ﻋﻨﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬1-1 (1

uR 1 + uL = E
 di
R1 .i + L. =E
dt
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
t t t
di E -t 1 E E -t 1 E -
= e : ‫إذن‬ i (t ) = - e : ‫أي‬ i(t ) = (1 - e t1 ) : ‫( اﻟﺤﻞ ﯾﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬1-2
dt R1 .t 1 R1 R1 R1
t t
-
E E -t 1
R1 . (1 - e t1 ) + L. e =E : ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ‬
R1 R1 .t 1
t t
L L - - L
t1 L t1
t1 = : ‫أي‬ =1 : ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬Ee ( - 1) = 0 Ü E + E.e ( - 1) = E : ‫أي‬
R1 R1 .t 1 R1 .t 1 R1 .t 1

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
L L t L
.‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪة إﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬ t2 = = = 1 : ‫ وﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬t 1 = (1-3
R2 2.R1 2 R1
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
: (2)‫( ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات ﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬2-1 (2

di d 2 q dq di q
= 2 :‫ و‬i= : ‫ﻣﻊ‬ + =0 Ü R.i + L. u R + u L + uc = 0 : ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬
dt dt dt dt c
d 2 q R dq 1 dq d 2q q
. q ‫وھﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻘﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬ + . + .q = 0 : ‫أي‬ R. + L. 2 + = 0 : ‫إذن‬
dt 2 L dt L.c dt dt c
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2.p .t
.t
-
: ‫إذن‬ q (t ) = q o .e 2.l
. cos( + j) : ‫ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ ﯾﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬ (‫( أ‬2-2
T

( t +T )
2.p .(t + T )
-
q(t +T ) = q o .e . cos( 2.l
+ j)
T
2.p .t 2.p .T
t T
2.p .t
.t T
- - - -

q ( t +T ) q o .e 2. l
.e 2. l
+ j)
. cos(-
T .... = q o .e .e
2.l 2.l
cos( + + j)
= T = e 2. l
: ‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬ T T
2.p .t
.t
2.p .t
t T
q (t ) - - -
q o .e 2.l . cos( + j) .... = q o .e 2.l .e 2.l cos( + j + 2p )
T T
2.p .t
t T
- -
.... = q o .e 2.l .e 2.l cos( + j)
T
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

-T æ q(t +T ) ö T q(t +T ) -
T
.l = : ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬Lnçç ÷÷ = - Ü =e 2.l
: ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬ (‫ب‬
æ q(t +T ) ö è q(t ) ø 2.l q(t )
2.Lnçç ÷÷
è q(t ) ø
q ( o +T ) = 5,4 mC :‫و‬ qo = 6mC :‫و‬ T = 0,2ms : ‫( ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬3) ‫ﻣﺒﯿﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-3
-T - 0,2.10
.l = = = 949.10 -6 m = 949m .m : ‫إذن‬
æ q ( o +T ) ö æ 5,4 ö
2.Lnçç ÷÷ 2.Lnç ÷
è q (o ) ø è 6 ø

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
: ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
: ‫( ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬1-1 (1
 u S = K .u1 .u 2
2.p .t
.... = K .Pm cos(
Tp
) ´ U o + S (t ) [ ]
2.p é 2.p .t ù
u S = A. cos( ).ê1 + m. cos( )ú : ‫وھﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 2.p .t é 2.p .t ù
Tp ë Ts û .....= K .Pm . cos( ´ êU o + S m . cos( )ú
Tp ë Ts û
2.p é S 2.p .t ù
.....= K .Pm .U o . cos( ).ê1 + m . cos( )ú
Tp ë U o Ts û
Sm
. m= :‫و‬ A = K .Pm .U o : ‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬
Uo

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
0,25 - 0,05
2 0,1 (1-2
m= = = 0,67
0,25 - 0,05 0,1 + 0,05
+ 0,05
2
U - U m 0,25 - 0,05
.‫ اﻟﺘﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﯿﺪ‬Ü m <1 ، m= M = = 0,67 : ‫أو ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﺧﺮى‬
U M + U m 0,25 + 0,05
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
. ‫ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬: 3‫( دوراﻟﺠﺰء‬2-1(2
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 ´ 5,4.10 -3
Tp = = 5,4.10 - 4 s : ‫( ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬2-2
20
2
Tp (5,4.10 -4 ) 2
LC = = = 7,29 .10 -9 : ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬Tp = 4.p 2 .LC Tp = 2.p . LC : ‫و‬
2
Ü
4.p 2
4 ´ 10
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2
4.p 2 .L 4.p 2 .Ts .L Tp Tp Ts
<< R < : ‫أي‬ C= : ‫ﻣﻊ‬ << R < Ü T p << RC < Ts : ‫أي‬
Tp Tp
2
4.p .L 2
C C

4 ´ 10 ´ 1,5.10 -3 4 ´ 10 ´ 5,4.10 -3
<< R < Ü: ‫و‬ L = 1,5.10 -3 H Ts = 5,4.10 -3 s : ‫و‬ Tp = 5,4.10-4 s : ‫ع‬.‫ت‬
5,4.10 -4 (5,4.10 -4 ) 2

111W << R < 0,16W : ‫أي‬

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
:3 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ‬
r r
. ‫ ﺗﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻮازن‬: To : ‫ و‬. ‫ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬: P : ‫ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬S‫( ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﯾﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬1-1 (1

r r r
To = P Ü - P + To = 0 : oy ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻘﺎط ﻋﻠﻰ‬P + To = 0 : ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺷﺮط اﻟﺘﻮازن ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬
m.g
K= : ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬K .Dl o = m.g : ‫أي‬
Dl o
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
d y 2
4. y m .p 2 2.p dy 2. y m .p 2.p 2.p
2
= - 2
. cos( .t + j ) ‫و‬ =- . sin( .t + j ) Ü y = y m . cos( .t + j ): ‫( اﻟﺤﻞ ﯾﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬1-3
dt To To dt To To To
4.p 2 .m 4..p 2 K 4..p 2 K d2y 4..p 2
To =
2
: ‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬ 2
= Ü - 2
.y + . y = 0 : ‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ‬2 = - 2 . y : ‫أي‬
K To m To m dt To
Dl o 10 ´ 10 -2 m Dl o .m
To = 2p = 2.p = 0,63s : ‫أي‬ = : ‫ ﻓﺈن‬K .Dl o = m.g ‫ ﺑﻤﺎ أن‬: ‫ع‬.‫ ت‬To = 2p : ‫إذن‬
g 9,81 K g K
- y m = y m . cos j Ü y = -d = - y m : t = 0 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬: ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﺒﺪﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬j ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
j =p Ü cosj = -1 Ü
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
F > mg : ‫( اﻟﺠﻮاب اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬1-4
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
E m = E c + E pp + E pe: ‫( اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺬﺑﺬب = ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻃﺎﻗﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ وﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ وﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﻲ‬2-1 (2
1
E pp = mgz ‫ أي‬C = 0 Ü z = 0 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ‬E pp = 0 : ‫ﻣﻊ‬ E pp = mgz + C : ‫و‬ E pe = .K .z 2 :1 ‫أ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬
2
1 1
Em = m.v 2 + mgz + Kz 2 Ü:
2 2

1
E pp = mg ( y - Dl o ) ‫ أي‬C = -mg Dl o Ü y = Dl o ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ‬E pp = 0 : ‫ﻣﻊ‬ E pe = .K .(Dl o - y ) 2 ‫ﻓﻲ‬ E pp = mgy + C : ‫و‬
2
:2 ‫ب( اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬
1 1 2 1 1
Em = m.v 2 + mgy - mgDl o + K (Dl o + y 2 - 2 y.Dl o ) : ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬Em = m.v 2 + mg ( y - Dl o ) + K (Dl o - y) 2 ‫إذن‬
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
Em = m.v 2 + mgy - mgDl o + KDl o + Ky 2 - K .2 y.Dl o = m.v 2 + mgy - mgDl o + KDl o + Ky 2 - K . y.Dl o
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
mg - K .Dl o = 0 : ‫وﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺷﺮط اﻟﺘﻮازن‬
2
E m = m.v 2 + y(mg - K .Dl o ) - mgDl o + KDl o + Ky 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
E m = m.v 2 - KDl o + KDl o + Ky 2 Ü mg = K .Dl o = : ‫ ﻣﻊ‬E m = m.v 2 - mgDl o + KDl o + Ky 2 : ‫إذن‬
2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

Em =
1
2
[ 2
m.v 2 + K ( y 2 - Dl o ) : ] ‫ أي‬E m =
1
2
1 2 1
m.v 2 - KDl o + Ky 2
2 2
: ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.‫ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺬﺑﺬب ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬2 ‫ج( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Em =
1
2
[ 2
m.v 2 + K ( y 2 - Dl o ) ] : 2‫( ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬2-2

Em o =
1
2
[
m.vo + K (d 2 - Dl o ) Ü
2 2
]
v = v o ‫ و اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬y = -d ، t = 0‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﺒﺪﺋﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬

1
E m ' = 0 + K ( D 2 - Dl o ) Ü
2
2
[
v=0
T
، y = D ‫ و اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬t = o ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
2
]
Ü
1
2
2
[ 2 1
m.vo + K (d 2 - Dl o ) = K ( D 2 - Dl o 2 ) : ‫أي‬
2
Em o = E 'm ] [Ü ‫اﻧﺤﻔﺎظ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ]
‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
 ‫) ‪ m.vo = K ( D 2 - Dl o ) - K (d 2 - Dl o‬أي ‪m.vo = K ( D 2 - d 2 ) Ü m.vo = K ( D 2 - Dl o ) - K (d 2 - Dl o ) :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫) ‪g (D 2 - d 2‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫) ‪K (D 2 - d 2‬‬

‫= ‪vo‬‬ ‫‪Ü‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪ v o 2‬ﻣﻊ ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Dl o‬‬ ‫‪m Dl o‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫) ‪9,81(0,07 2 - 0,02 2‬‬
‫= ‪vo‬‬ ‫‪= 0.664m / s‬‬ ‫ت‪.‬ع‪:‬‬
‫‪0,1‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ –1‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻔﻮتون ذي اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ 1.51eV‬ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ ‪ E p‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫‪ E p = E1 + 1.51 = -13 .6 + 1.51 = -12 .06 eV‬وھﻮ ﻻ ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ أي ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻃﺎﻗﻲ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬرة ﻟﻦ ﺗﺜﺎر ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﮭﺎ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮن‪.‬‬

‫– ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮن ذي اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ 12.09eV‬ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ ‪ E p‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫‪ E p = E1 + 1.51 = -13 .6 + 12 .09 = -1.51eV‬وھﻮ ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ p = 3‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬرة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﺘﺜﺎر إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻃﻮل ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﺧﻼل اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮون ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪E 2 - E1 = h.u:‬‬
‫‪h.c‬‬ ‫‪6.63 ´ 10 -34 ´ 3.108‬‬ ‫‪h.c‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫=‪l‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪ E 2 - E1‬وﻣﻨﮫ ‪= 1.216 ´ 10 -7 m = 121.6nm :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ‪ u = :‬أي ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(E2 - E1 ) 1.602.10 (- 3.39 + 13.6‬‬
‫‪-19‬‬
‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻃﻮل ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﺧﻼل اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ ‪m‬إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ ‪ n‬ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ھﺬبن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪h.c‬‬ ‫‪6;63 ´ 10 -34 ´ 3.10 8‬‬

‫= ‪Em - En‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2.54 eV‬‬
‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪489 .10 -9‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ھﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪E 4®3 = E 4 - E3 = 0.66 eV‬‬ ‫‪E 2®1 = E 2 - E1 = 10 .21eV‬‬
‫‪E5®3 = E5 - E3 = 0.97 eV‬‬ ‫‪E3®1 = E3 - E1 = 12 .09 eV‬‬
‫‪E6®3 = E6 - E3 = 1.14 eV‬‬ ‫‪E 4®1 = E 4 - E1 = 12 .57 eV‬‬
‫‪E7®3 = E7 - E3 = 1.23eV‬‬ ‫‪E5®1 = E5 - E1 = 13 .09 eV‬‬
‫‪E5®4 = E5 - E 4 = 0.31eV‬‬ ‫‪E 6®1 = E 6 - E1 = 13 .23eV‬‬
‫‪E6®4 = E6 - E 4 = 0.48 eV‬‬ ‫‪E 7®1 = E 7 - E1 = 13 .32 eV‬‬
‫‪E7®4 = E7 - E 4 = 0.57 eV‬‬ ‫‪E3®2 = E3 - E 2 = 1.88 eV‬‬
‫‪E6®5 = E6 - E5 = 0.77 eV‬‬ ‫‪E 4®2 = E 4 - E 2 = 2.54 eV‬‬
‫‪E7®5 = E7 - E5 = 0.26 eV‬‬ ‫‪E5®2 = E5 - E 2 = 2.85 eV‬‬
‫‪E7®6 = E7 - E6 = 0.09 eV‬‬ ‫‪E6®2 = E6 - E 2 = 3.02 eV‬‬
‫واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪة اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮن ھﻲ ‪ m = 4 :‬و ‪. n = 2 :‬‬ ‫‪E7®2 = E7 - E 2 = 3.11eV‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪SBIRO Abdelkrim Lycée agricole d’Oulad-Taima région d’Agadir royaume du Maroc‬‬

‫‪Pour toute observation contactez moi‬‬
‫‪Sbiabdou@yahoo.fr‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ دﻋﺎﺋﻜﻢ وﻧﺴﺎل اﷲ ﻟﻜﻢ اﻟﻌﻮن واﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Pour toute observation contactez moi‬‬