ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY Ayal daa FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Aaasigit Ais (CHEMICAL ENG, DEPARTMENT Hytyat Lasigh pad ‘CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS 2 PAA Lasigh A Al Sa SECOND YEAR gH Riad JUNE 2014 2014 wi ‘Time: 3 hours lols 3: a3 “Answer the following questions ‘Question 1: [25 points] Choose the correct ans 1. The refrigeration effect means: a) The heat rejected from the refrigerant to the surroundings b) Work done on the system The heat absorbed in the cycle from the body or space to be cooled d) None of the above. 2-Which cycle is made of two isentropic and two constant pressure processes a)Carnot cycle ——_—b) Rankine cycle ©) Air standard cycle d) Otto cycle 3+ In order that a cycle would be reversible, the following must be satisfied: a)Free expat iction resisted expansion or compression processes should not be encountered b) Where heat is being absorbed, the temperature of the hot source and the working substance should be the same c) When heat is being rejected, the temperature of the cold source, and the working fluid should be the same 4) All of the above e)None of the above 4-In an ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle, the working fluid is a saturated vapor at the entrance of: a)Evaporator —_—_b) Condenser ©) Compressor 4d) throttling valve 5; In which of the following processes is the heat fully converted into work? a) reversible adiabatic process 'b) Reversible isobaric process c) Reversible constant volume process _d)Reversible isothermal process e)There is no such process where heat is fully converted into work 6-Ina regenerative Rankine cycle the partially expanded steam is: a) Discharged to the atmosphere b) Used to heat the feedwater \Condensed in the steam condenser dy ced with the steam supplied to the turbine 7- Three engines A, B, and C operating on Carnot cycle between the same temperature levels, use working substances as argon, oxygen and air respectively. Which engine will have higher efficiency? a)Engine Ab) EngineB —c)EngineC —_d) The three engines have the same efficiency e) There is no sufficient data to decide & Ina vapor compression refrigeration cycle, the reason for using a valve instead of a reversible adiabatic expansion engine is a) To increase the overall COP of the cycle 'b) To minimize work input to the compressor ©) To obtain a lower condenser pressure d) A valve is usually more practical; it is more economical and less complex 3 9 In conventional refrigerants, what is the element responsible for ozone depletion? a)Chlorine —b) Fluorine) Carbon. 4) None of the above 10- For the cycle shown in figure, what happens at point 2 and 4 respectively? )The spark plug fires and the exhaust valve opens respectively ) Compression begins and combustion ends respectively ) Beginning of intake and expansion strokes respectively 4d) None of the above Pressure Volume11 Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to the schematic mer diagram shown: 8) Actual vapor compression refrigeration system b) Absorption refrigeration system ) Cascade refrigeration system d) Carnot refrigeration system €) None of the above 12. An ideal reversible Carnot cycle is represented on the T-s diagram below. The efficiency of the cycle is represented by which of the following ratios of areas? a)12-3-6/1-2-45 —— b)1-2-4-5/1-2.3-6 3456/1245 — d)12-45/3-45-6 13- Ina throttling process, which one of the following properties remains constant? a) Temperature b) Enthalpy —_c)ntropy 4d) Pressure Question 2 [25 points] Choos answer, all calculations must be shown. engine operates on a simple ideal Brayton cycle with a pressure ratio of 10. Heat is added to the cycle at a rate of 500 kW, air passes through the engine at a rate of 1 ke/s, and the air at the beginning of compression is at 70 kpa and 0°c. The power produced by this engine under cold air standard assumptions is: ( gamma =1.4) a) 241kW —b)SOOKW =) 720kW )1565KW ——_e) None of the above 2-Consider a steady flow Carnot cycle with water as the working fluid carried out under the saturation dome between pressure limits 10 MPa and 10 kpa. Water changes from saturated liquid to saturated ‘vapor during the heat addition process. The net work output of this cycle is: 2194 ki/kg—b) 342 K/kg——€) 599 Ki/kg, A719 kKi/kg —e) 1123 W/kg f) None of the above. 3-A refrigerator uses refrigerant -134 a as the working fluid, and operates on the ideal vapor Compression refrigeration cycle that involves a throttling valve. The refrigerant enters the evaporator at 122 kpa, with a quality of 30% . The condenser pressure is closest to: a)680kPa_—-b)SSOkPa——c)860kPa_—d) 200kPa_—e)None of the above ‘4 ACarnot heat engine rejects 50% of the heat supplied during a cycle of operation. If this engine is reversed and operates as a heat pump used for heating purposes, then its COP equals: a) 1b) 45 e225 eS.) None of the above 5-A2 kg mass of a substance is at a constant pressure, for which the specific enthalpy values for saturated liquid and saturated vapor are H.= 100 ki/kg and Hy = 1200 ki/kg respectively. At the same Pressure the substance has a total enthalpy of 2000 lJ. Which of the options below is correct? a) The quality is less than 1 b) The substance is a sub cooled liquid ) The substance is a superheated vapor —_d) None of the above. © Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal reheat Rankine cycle. Steam is reheated in the boiler to a temperature of 600°C, after which itis expanded in the turbine to the condenser pressure of 20 kPa. If the moisture content of the steam leaving the turbine and entering the condenser is 10.4%, The pressure at which the steam is reheated is closest to: a)2MPa _b)4MPa_—c)6MPa_—d) 10MPa_—_—e) None of the above 7-Helium gas in an ideal Otto cycle is compressed from 20°C and 2 liters to 0.25 liters, and its temperature increases by an additional 800°C during the heat addition process. The temperature of helium before the expansion process is a) 1707°C b) aaaorc —)a240°C dy 80°C =e) 820°C _—_‘f) None of the above (Assume that helium is an ideal gas with constant specific heats whose values are determined at room temperature, and gamma =1.67) _ . all a‘8- A Carnot heat engine receives heat from a reservoir at 900°C at a rate of 800 ki/min, and rejects the waste heat to the ambient air at 27°C. The entire work output ofthe heat engine is used to sore > Cs > drive a Carnot refrigerator that removes heat from the 800 ki refrigerated space at -5°C, and transfers it to the same ambient Sasol air at 27°C. The total rate of heat rejection to the ambient air i spastin )——© b) 5581.5 ki/min. 6) 5786 Kymin qe 4) None of the above. Question 3 [20 points] 3-a- Put true or false for each of the following statements 1.1m a gas power cycle the working fluid is continuously evaporating and condensing. 2- For an actual gasol ‘engine, compression ratios above 14 are usually used. 3- With reheating and feed water heating, the Rankine cycle can be made to be more efficient than a Carnot cycle. 4- Absorption refrigeration cycle has a lower work input than a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. 5- Irreversibility in the compressor of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle reduces the refrigeration effect of the cycle. 6- Thermal efficiency of an ideal Rankine cycle can be improved by increasing either the boiler or the condenser pressure. ‘7+ Among the air standard assumptions for gas power cycles, is that the combustion process is replaced ‘by heat addition process from an external source. 8: Reheating in Rankine cycle is needed to protect the high pressure section turbine blades from erosion. ‘9-In the absorption refrigeration cycle the compressor is replaced with an absorber, pump, regenerator, and a valve. 10- An idealized regenerative Rankine cycle has an efficiency that is equal to Carnot efficiency given that they both operate between the same temperature limits. 3-b- Agas turbine power plant operates on a simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid. Air enters the compressor at 300 K and 100 kPa where it is compressed to 700 kPa and 580 K. Heat is ‘transferred to air in the amount of 950 ki/kg before it enters the turbine. Assume that both the turbine and the compressor have an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Draw a T-s and a P-v diagram of the cycle and determine the following using air tables. Pick the closest values and do not interpolate. a) The back work rat b) The cycle efficiency. Question 4 [20 points} 4-a- Label by a letter each of the following on the T-v diagram shown: a. 2 phase region b. isobar cc. subcooled liquid region _—_d. superheated vapor region @. saturated liquid curve {. saturated vapor curve 3‘4b- A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C. After expansion to 3 MPa the steam leaves the turbine to be reheated. Reheating is carried out at constant pressure to 500°C before it expands to 20 kPa in the low-pressure turbine. Determine the turbine work output, in ki/kg and the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Also show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines. Question 5 [15 points} ‘S-a-_A reffigerator uses reftigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal vapor-compression reftigeration cycle involving a throttling valve between 0.12 and 0.7 MPa. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.05 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram and a P-h diagram. Determine (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor, (b) the rate of heat rejection to the environment, and (¢) the coefficient of performance. 5-b- Draw a T-s diagram of each of the followin; 1- Cascade refrigeration system. 2-A vapor compression refrigeration system where superheated vapor enters the compressor and subcooled liquid enters the throttling valve. 3+ A regenerative Rankine cycle with 2 open feed water heaters. S-e- Mention 2 differences between an ideal and an actual vapor compression refrigeration system. Good LuckAlexandria University Faculty of Engineering Chemical Department June, 2014 Chemical Engineering Fundamentals: CH 226 Second Year Time allowed:Three Hours ‘Answer All Questions: 1- Determine the specific enthalpy (ki/mol) of n-hexane vapor at 200°C und 2.0 atm relative to n-hexane liquid at 20°C and 1.0 atm, What is the enthalpy of n-hexane liquid at 20°C and 1.0 atm relative to n-hexane vapor at 200°C and 2.0 atm? Determine the specific internal energy of the vapor at 200°C and 2.0 atm (20 marks) 2. Calculate the rate of heat transfer for @ propane combustion process shown in the following flowchart using heat of formation method. 100 mol CsHa(e/s 100 mo! Optevs 25 (a 2256 mol Naas 4 300 moi COptgvs 600 mot O2(gVs - 400 mot H0iwi/s 2256 mol Noles OKs) 100°C 300°C C3Ha(g) + 502(g) > 3C02(g) + 4H20 (9) AH, = 2044 kJ/mol (20 marks) 3. A turbine discharge 200 kg/h of saturated steam at 10.0 bar absolute. It is desired to generate steam at 250 °C and 10,0°bar by mixing the turbine discharge with a second stream of superheated steam of 300 °C and 10.0 bar. a. 1f 300 kg/h of the product steam is to be generated, how much heat must be added to the mixer? b. If instead the mixing is carried out adiabatically, at what rate is the product stcan generated? c. What is the degree of superheat of the product steam? (20 marks) Exam Committee: Prof.Dr.E-8.Z.E1 Ashtoukhy4, In the manufacture of nitric acid, ammonia and preheated air are mixed to form a gas containing 10.0 mol % NH at 600 °C. The ammonia is then catalytically oxidized to form NO;, which is absorbed in water to form HNOs. If ammonia enters the gas blending unit at 25°C at a rate of 520 kg/h and heat is lost ftom the mixer to surroundings at a rate 7.0 kW, determine the temperature to which the air must be preheated. (26 marks) 5.a. The dehydrogenation of ethanol to form acetaldehyde C)HsOH (v) + CH3CHO(y) +H2(e) is carried out in a continuous reactor. The feed entering at 300 °C with a molar flow rate 150 mol/s. The feed contains 90% ethanol by volume and the bakiwee iMdehyde. To Keep the temperature from dropping too much and thereby decreasing the reaction rate to an unacceptably low level, heat is transferred tw the reactor, When the heat addition rate is 2440 kW, the outlet temperature is 253°C Calculate the fractional conversion of ethanol achieved in the reactor usiny heat of reaction method. b. Formaldehyde may be produced in the reaction between methanol and oxy geo: 2CH30H(l) + 0,(g) > 2HCHO(g) + 2H,0(1) A Using heat of combustion of hydrogen and this equation to determine the ~326.2 kJ/mol standard heat of the following reaction: CH3OH (0) » HCHO(Q) + H2(g) (2045 marks) Exam Committee: Prof.Dr.E-S.Z.El AshtoukhyFaculty of Engine ash As Electrical Engineering Dept. Hyg Lag pa Final Examination gall eal gs Shad Electrical Eng. eg cag 2° year chemical Eng. Hy aig 400) Lat) 1- Three loads are rated as follow: Lasizv 100W 12:8 v150w bg La:1ov 200 are connected to a 15V battery as shown in figure. FA 7 For each circuit: 15V—- ‘a> Design the required resistances to be inserted in ] series such that the loads are operating at rated condition. b- Calculate the battery current in each case c What should be the system efficiency? Compare R2 ea between the different circuits. 15V— d- If the loads are connected to the battery through 2 I | ll if an electric cable which has an internal resistance of 0.01 21. ESTIMATE the cable loss and cable voltage drop in this case. Comment on the values obtained. m e- ESTIMATE the cable resistance such that the voltage drop is less than 0.2V and the power loss is R2 u less than 10W. Ve el} 4] 2- For the circuit shown in fig. 2 calculate and sketch: a The supply current. b- The supply active power. The supply reactive power. d- If the supply changed to 150V as shown in fig.2b what should the added value of the inductance as shown in fig. 2b. Then repeat (a to c). e It is required to minimize the supply current, what should be the value of the capacitance connected in parallel as shown in fig. 2c such that the supply current is minimum. Then repeat (a tod. v(t) = 1002 sin(314t) ( N ) Load1: a 200W-100VAR Fig. 2a Pagel of 2v(t) = 150V2 sin(314t) () v(t) = 150v2 sin(314t) 7 Fig. 2c 3+ Write short notes about: a. 6/4VRM b. PM stepper motors ¢. Rotating field in three phase induction motors, Page2 of 2 Loadi: (inductive) 100V 200W-100VAR Loadi: (inductive) 100V 200W-100VARAlexandria University Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Spring 2014 ‘Second Year ‘Time allowed :3 hour: ‘Answer All Questions Question One a) Replace each of the following statements with one or more words: (20 points) 1+ Fluid free from shear stress 2- The type of pumps that are widely used in chemical industries. 3+ The equation that proves that pressure depends on elevation in compressible fluid 4- Pumps that are used for metering fluid 5- The common devices that ate used to prevent leakage around the moving member 6- Force in the direction of flow exerted by fluid on solid surface 7-'The part of science that study the behavior of fluid under influence of shear stress 8- The ratio of shear stress to product of density and velocity head 9- Any conversion of mechanical energy into heat in a flowing fluid 10- Part of a moving fluid in which the fluid motion is influenced by presence of solid surface 11- The product of mass flow rate and average velocity 12-The flow of unchanged fluid velocity distribution 13- Types of forces acting on dynamic fluid 14- A positive displacement pumps that does not require check valve 15- The wall thickness of steel pipe as designed by ASA 16- The head required to permit liquid to flow into pump case 17- The type of liquid flow that roughness of pipeline has no effect on friction factor 18- Different methods used to overcome pulsation in reciprocating pumps 19- A pump with air in its case 20- The wall thickness of tube as designed by ASA. (b) Use sketch ONLY to discuss each of the following: (10 points) 1- Development of boundary layer in pipelines 2- Newtonion and non-newtonion fluid 3- Building-up of boundary layer in turbulent flow 4- Types of rotodynamic pumps according to the difference in pump case Separation of B.L. in pipeline due to sudden contraction Question Two (a) Discuss each of the following: (15 points) 1- Problems in pipe lines 2- Cavitation 3- Pump priming 4- Different types of pump efficiency 5- Separation of boundary layer in diverging channel (b) Based on the principle of the static fluid, derive the equation used in the continuous gravity decanter. (S points) See(©)A vertical continuous gravity decanter is to separate 9.93 m’/h of liquid petroleum from an equal volume of wash liquid. The oil is to be the continuous phase of viscosity 1.1 cP and density of 865 Kg/m’, the density of the acid is 1.153 Kg/m’. Determine: 1- the size of the vessel ( length, diameter) 2-the height of the heavy liquid over flow leg (¢= 100 w/( papa) where tis the separation time in hours jin ep, pm a in Kgim?) (10 points) Question Three {a)Complete each of the following statements: (70 points) 1- The mechanism of centrifugal pumps depends on the conversion of ...... into.... 2- The flow of fluid in transition length is ............ dimensional flow. 3+ Recirculation loss is defined as ......... 4- In cement industries, pumps are the most commonly used. 5- The position of lig.-liq. interface in decanter separator depends on . 6- The function of check valve is ......., while function of gate valve is, 7- The pump that is used in oil industry for pumping viscous residual oils from distillation plant is 8+ ...-seeee Pump is used in cars to transport benzene from tank to motor. 9- The main causes of pressure drop in pipelines are ..........and . 10- The density of fluid depends on ....... aNd vs... 11- Disadvantages of centrifugal pump are ........ and .. 12- The main problems in positive displacement pumps are 13+In line carrying water polyethylene oxide is added to and .. () Oil is flowing at an average velocity of 1.2 ft/s, through a pipe of 0.5 inch inside diameter and 100 ft long. Determine: 1- The pressure drop over the length of the tube 2- The pressure drop over the length of tube, if the inside tube diameter becomes 2 in 3- What is your conclusion on the above results? Coil density = 56 Iby/ft’, v= 5*10" ft/s) (6 point Question four Benzene at 100°F is pumped from an open tank at a rate of 40 gal/min to anther closed tank of gauged pressure of $0 Iby/in” . The discharge is 10 ft, and the pump suction is 4 ft above the level in the suction tank. The discharge line is 1.5 in- schedule 40 steel pipe of $0 ft long, contains two 90° elbow and one half open gate valve. The suction line is 2-in schedule 40 steel pipe of 10 ft long, the solution velocity in suction line is 1 ft/s. The mechanical efficiency of the pump is 0.6. The Gensity of benzene is 54 Ib/ft* and its vapor pressure at 100° F is 3.8 Ibyin?, Calculate: 1- the developed head of pump 2- total power input 3- if NPSHR of pump equal 20 ft, will the pump be suitable for this service? (assume smooth pipe in both suction and discharge line, 1 cp = 2.4191 Ibvfth, Lhp= $50 Ibefi/ib) (20 points) Best Wishes Prof. Dr. Nevine Kamalpovvsaiee se Myulss at Lat Fanning friction factor, £ ka Drawa tbing Smooth 0.0030} ~ Wrought ron, eal 0 a jo ve coos -; a Galvnized ron” 0.0005, (0.0025 |- Cost iron 0.00085 fh Ln a 4 0,000.05 | Gone 01-0001 | 0.0020 L bites ed pete ob i 12345681 2345681 2 3456 345 200.0 3 el 2245681 2 345081 fH 1 ate 10 af x 108 px 108 pe 107 Reynolds number, Re FACTORS FOR UNIT CONVERSIONS = (Quantity | Equivalent Values {Mass Tikg = 1000 ¢ = 0001 metzic ton = 220862 Tb = 3527382 02 | fly = 16 02 = 5 x 104 ton = 453.503 g = 0.453593 kg | Length 10° microns (asm) = 10 angstroms (A) 3 0.000624 mile 1 f= i2in. = 1/3 yd = 0.3048 m = 3048 em Volome | 1m? = 1000 Siters = 10% em? = 10 ml = 35.3145 ft = 220.83 imperial gallons = 264.17 gal \ ~ = 1056.68 at 1728 in? = 7.4805 gal = 0.028317 m? = 28.317 liters | 28317 om? Force 1 N= 1 kgemjs? = 105 dynos = 10° geean/s* = 022481 Ib, AMB2 N = 4.4482 x 10° dynes 1.01325 bars 1 Tby = 32.174 Tg fs Pressure | 1 atm = 1.01325 x 10° N/m? (Pa) ~ 101.325 kP: 101325 x 10% dynes/em* = 760 mum Hg at 0°C (tort) = 14.696 lbyin. (psi) = 339 fH = 29921 in Hg at 0°C (" 1 J= 1 Nem = 107 ergs = 107 dyne-em L 0.333 m H,0 at °C atarc = 2.778 x 10-7 EW-h = 0.23901 cal = 0.7376 lb, = 9.486 x 10-4 Bru 1 J/s = 0.23901 cal/s = 0.7376 ft-lby/s = 9.486 x 10™* Brojs 341 x 10° bp. 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Ky Elbow, standard _ 4s 0.35 90° 075 Tee Straight through o4 Used as elbow 10 ‘etum bend, 180° 1s Gate valve Ha open S ‘Wide open 017 ‘Angle valve, wide open 20 Globe valve, wide open 60ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Heat Transfer, second year Final-Term Exam, June, 2014 Allowed time: 3 hrs Answer the following questions Question on ‘A): What are the common causes of fouling in a heat exchanger and how can be minimized? What are the main operating parameters that may affect the value of fouling factor and how may they affect the value of fouling factor? (2 marks). B)-A shell-and-tube exchanger (two shells, four tube passes) is used to heat 10,000 kg/h of pressurized water (Cp=4195 J/kg.K) from 35 to 120 °C with 5000 kg/h pressurized water (Cp=4660 J/kg.K) entering the exchanger at 300°C. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 1500 W/m? K , determine the required heat exchanger area? (8 marks) )-Write short notes about : 1-The function of baffles in shell and tube heat exchangers. 2-Compact heat exchangers. 3: The advantages of plate heat exchangers. 4-Tube bundles arrangement in shell and tube exchangers. (4x2=8 marks) Question Two: A) -The condenser of a steam power plant contains N=1000 brass tubes (k,=110 ‘Wim. K), each of inner and outer diameters Dj=25 mm and D,=28 mm, respectively. Steam condensation on the outer surfaces of the tubes is characterized by a convection coefficient of 10,000 W/m7.K 1) If cooling water from a large lake is pumped through the condenser tubes at m,=400 kg/s, what is the overall heat transfer coefficient U, based on the outer surface area of a tube? Properties of the water may be approximated as (W=9.60x10°N,s/m?, k=0.60 W/m.K and Pr=6.6). 2) If, after extended operation, fouling provies a resistance of R",,=10 m?.K/W, at the inner surface, what is the value of U,? Calulate % reduction in the heat transfer rate? 3) Ifwater is extracted from the lake at 15° C and 10 kg/s of steam at 0.0622 bars (hg=2-414x10 ‘S/kg)are to be condesed, what is the corresponding temperature of the water leaving the condeser? The specific heat of the water is 4180 J/kg.K. (20 marks) B)- Ethylene glycol (C)= 2474 J/kg.K) and water(C, = 4186 Jikg.K) at 60 and 10° C, respectively, enter a shell and tube heat exchanger for which the total heat transfer area is 15 m?, With ethylene glycol and water flow rates of 2 1pecs LGe and 5 kg/s, respectively, the overall heat transfer coefficient is 800 W/m?. Determine the rate of heat transfer and the fluid outlet temperatures? (10marks) Question three: A)-Engine oil is heated by flowing through a circular tube of diameter D=$0 min and length L=25m and whose surface is maintained at 150°C, Ifthe flow rate and inlet temperature of the oil are 0.5 kg/s and 20° C, what is the outlet temperature Ta..? What is the total heat transfer rate q for the tube? Assume average temperature=80° C, at which y=37.5x1 0%m'/s, k=138x107 Wim.K and Pr=490, Cy=2131 J/kg.K, p=852 kg/m’. (12marks) B)- In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75'C as it moves at 0.2 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7 mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If the fluid enters the tube with a fully developed condition, what is the temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p=1000 kg/m’, Cp=4000 Jikg.K, p=2*10" kg/s.m, k=0.8 W/m.K and Pr=10. (12 marks) Question four: A)-An air-cooled steam condenser is operated with air in cross flow over a square, in line array of 400 tubes (Ni=N1=20), with an outside tube diameter of 20 mm and longitudinal and transverse pitches of $,=60 mm and S;=30mm, respectively. Saturated steam at a pressure of 2.455 bars(hyg=2.183x10 Ig Jenters the tubes and a uniform tube outer surface temperature of T,=390 K may be assumed to be maintained as condensation occurs within the tubes. D-IF the temperature and velocity ofthe air upstream are T;=300 K and V=4m/, what is the temperature T, of the air that leaves the array? Asa first approximation, evaluate the air properties at 300 K. 2}If the tubes are 2 m long, what isthe total heat transfer for the array? What is the rate at which the steam condenses in kg/s? (lake air average temperature to be 300K at which (y7=15.89x10%m?/s, k=0.0263 Wim.K and Pr=0.707, Cy=1007 Hkg.K, P=1.16 kg/m? ) at T,=390 K Pr.=0.692) (20 marks) C)-The outer surface of a hollow sphere of r; and r; is subjected to a uniform heat lux q". The inner surface at r is held at a constant temperature Tay, 1) Develop an expression for the temperature distribution T(r) in the sphere wall in terms of q"2, Tas, ri, ra, and the thermal conductivity of the wall material k, 2)-10 the inner and outer radii are r;=50mm and r:=100 mm, what heat flax qa required to maintain the outer surface at T,2=50 °C, while the inner surface is at T.1=20° C? The thermal conductivity of the wall material is k=10 Wim.K (Smarks) Supplementary data 2Heat diffusion equation in cylindrical coordinates: 22(te 2).53 TZ (eF Paes Tal ae) 7 oo Maw )* ae (Mae) 9 Pt Heat diffusion equation in Spherical coordinates: 18D h (t+ rar ar) rsin?@ aD 60. ing ol aT (ano) 9 po. For all heat exchangers with C=o s= L-exp (NTU) Xraa=0.0SRepD 5 Xra=0.05RepPrD Correlation Geometry Conditions | 45 n Flow inside | Turbulent fully developed, Nup = 0.023Rep P lt = 0.023Rep Pr tube Rep>10,000, 0.610, n=0.4 for T>Tn and n=03forT07° Weds on bes Siege 2) toa as 53" 0 Seti sa | wae ao oo ‘res Dias 1 oon as Suapered Doct wz ose $705 <0 wn tne digest ie oS 100 : 7 el _ + te i. 9.50] = 80 5s =| : - 3 0 _ 100] | o CCU ya He are i Try é io Selo = : i er er ee; 2 Number of tanser wits NTU = AUC, (6) One-shell pass and 2, 4,6, tube passes aon Number of transfer units NTU = AUIC, (4) Tworshell passes and 4, 8, 12, tube passesOgi) Babs Glaial Ag Ads) dala, Blunill le Gault Lil ae) a pail dine ai y 4 UY ALLAN ¢) sid 8 32) gil 2 SGN 201 gall) ii SPY ch jal 5 gue sal tse Gay geil pues Lely ciaell el pall 5 gue aah caiill yay geill oui 7 vegiliall ol jelly gue gant Aalyall 3 aaly de Si» Ue le el jall El il Gog 3) Ge ISI go one Yt ae cal guile sal gy Se Sas Le Like AY Golall ysl gy 8 snl ial y gill psa © idle Mabe sual o sill gs 8 asl cobdl ogi) gay 1 ual Bat CANS 131 8 yal A gill sacl ye LY SSB le GG by pre Ge SUS yey eel 5 Seed ppp 5 Qull Me GUE" Saeld yd A wBoyal bel" MS yaks asad Ga je gl GLI an gs alle Acaliit gl ofall QUbg) ocala GIS «LD laid ya at LH) 4 AUS Ag5 gil) 20-1 hl Ail 4) LY 5 yas bell al yl aie, Algal pea ll Sajal ay shall by ye ju) “pfiasall lasts Label dy y gincall Amal (yaii85 1 Ages) tag pall lanl ay pall Ua i831" APG ALAS 4 jacal gy pd cLall Apes pth Ababall bya V Alaa) se gil slat oy yaceny ales al Gadd gle y siill Gul pyar V0 aii Lal Gye Le gle GUY! 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