1 2 Table 1.1 shows the results of food tests made on two different foods. Table 1.1 food colour with iodine solution | colour with biuret solution A blue-black blue B brown purple (a) Use the results in Table 1.1 to state the nutrient present in food A and in food B. food A food B {b) The enzyme amylase is present in saliva. It helps to digest starch in the mouth, (i) Explain what is meant by the term enzyme. (ii) Some people do not produce amylase in their saliva or other digestive juices. iii (wv) Explain why these people cannot obtain energy from the starch in their diet. ‘The inability to produce amylase can be passed on from parents to their children. ‘Suggest what causes this inability. Dogs are carnivores. Dogs do not produce amylase. Explain why carnivores, such as dogs, do not need to produce amylase. For2 (@) Fig. 2.1 shows some of the gases which are released into the air when volcanoes erupt ‘water vapour sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide hydrogen po" monoxide an Fig. 21 ()) Which gas shown in Fig. 2.1 is an element? t (ii) Explain how volcanic eruptions could cause acid rain. (b) Carbon dioxide molecules are formed when two non-metallic elements combine. () State the type of chemical bonding in a carbon dioxide molecule. . Ot (il) Complete Table 2.1 by drawing the displayed (graphical) formula of carbon dioxide. Table 2:1 molecular formula displayed formula water H,O H-O-H carbon dioxide co, 2)4 In some countries in south-east Asia, large areas of tropical rainforest have been cut down to clear the land. The land has then been planted with oil-palm trees. (a) Explain how cutting down tropical rainforest may affect each of the following. (soll erosion (ii) species diversity Examine:(b) Oil palm rats often live in oit-palm plantations. The rats eat the oil-palm fruits. for ‘Owis prey on the oil-paim rats. Examines ())_ Draw a food chain to show this information. 2) (ii) For each organism in your food chain, state whether it is a producer or a ‘consumer.5 Plastics are suitable materials for making containers in which to store acids. stored in containers made of galvanised steel (a) Acids are neutralised by alkalis. (i) Complete the general word equation below. Acids are not | for acid + alkali — + (ii) State the element which is present in all acids, ‘Sodium hydroxide solution is an example of an alkall. Write the chemi 3 formula of sodium hydroxide. 2 nm nm7 Fig. 7.1 shows a transverse section of part of a leaf. The arrows show water movement. Fig. 7.1 (a) On Fig. 7.1, label each of following structures, using label lines. () a palisade cell a (i) a stoma a (b) Describe the function of each of these parts of a palisade cell. () nucleus (li) cell surface membrane (©) (i) Explain why palisade cells need a good supply of water. (li) Name the type of cell that transports water from the roots to a leaf.(2) (i) Fig. 7.1 shows water moving through the leaf and out into the surrounding air. or Exar In what state, solid, liquid or gas, is the water as it moves from the leaf intothe air? | Ue a Name the process by which the water moves out of the leaf into the air. a1 ‘A student was investigating the conditions needed for photosynthesis. He used 2 variegated plant (one with green and white leaves). An example of a leaf is shown in Fig. 1.1. Fig. 1.1 ‘The plant had been left in the dark before the experiment. The student selected three leaves and made a drawing of each so that he could remember the areas containing chlorophyll. He then set up the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.2. After 24 hours in daylight he removed the leaves and tested them for the presence of starch, pin, leaf ‘sodium hydroxide ‘solution er) light and light present no light carbon dioxide present no cartoon dioxide carton dioxide present tube A tube B tube C Fig. 1.2 He tested all three leaves for the presence of starch using the following method, He placed the leaf ina beaker of boiling water for one minute. He then took it out and put it into a test-tube. ‘Then he added alcohol to the leaf in the tube and placed the tube into the beaker of hot water until the chlorophyll was removed from the leaf. He poured the alcohol out of the tube and rinsed the leaf using cold water. ‘Then he spread the leaf out on a white tile, covered it with iodine solution and waited for any colour change to develop. His results are shown in Fig. 1.3. t ie‘appearance before | appearance after leat starch test starch test Fig. 1.3 (a) (i) On Fig, 1.3 add a label to one leaf to show where starch was found. Label this area starch. t What colour was this area after the starch test? (b)_ Write explanations for the results in terms of conditions needed for photosynthesis. leaf A leat 8 leaf. (c) Explain why the student () placed water in tubes A and C, (ii) boiled the leaf before doing the starch test. Use(b) Copper metal can be extracted from copper cerbonate in two steges es shown in Fig. 02. IJ (The reaction in stage 1is an example of thermal decomposition. moire ofblack copper solid Q and copper oxide ‘State what has to be done to copper carbonate in order to cause this reaction to _. Ot (ii) A biack solid Q is mixed with the copper oxide made in stage 4 The reaction in stage 2 occurs when this rrixture is heated. Complete the word equation for this reaction, using the correct chemical name for substance Q copper _, copper + copper | + (ii) Name the type of chemical reaction in (i) and explain your answer briefly QP aie