Sociological Theory An Introduction to the Classical Tradition RICHARD W. HADDEN broadview press©1997 Richard W. Hadden All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication repro- duced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, me- chanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without prior written consent of the publisher — or in the case of photocopying, a licence from CANcoPy (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency) 6 Adelaide Street East, Suite 900, Toronto, Ontario Msc 1H6 — is an infringement of the copyright law. CANADIAN CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Hadden, Richard W. (Richard William) Sociological theory: an introduction to the classical tradition Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN I-5 5111 095-4 1, Sociology ~ Philosophy. 2. Sociology - History 1. Title BM24.H3226 1997 3017.01 C97-930453-9 broadview press Post Office Box 1243, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada x9} 745 in the United States of America: 3576 California Road, Orchard Park, ny 14127 in the United Kingdom: B.R.A.D. Book Representation & Distribution Ltd., 244a, London Road, Hadleigh, Essex ss7 2DE broadview press gratefully acknowledges the support of the Canada Council, the Ontario Arts Council, and the Ministry of Canadian Heritage. PRINTED IN CANADA 10987654321CONTENTS Preface 9 Introduction 11 Enlightenment, Conservative Reaction, Comte and Spencer 15 Enlightenment 15 Conservative Reaction 23 Auguste Comte 25 The Law of Three Stages 27 The Positive Philosophy 30 The Positive Polity 34 Herbert Spencer 35 Karl Marx 39 Critique of the Critics of Consciousness 44 From the Critique of Consciousness to the Critique of Political Economy 47 The Analysis of Capitalist Society 53 The Labour Theory of Value 55 The Fetishism of Commodities 63 Surplus-Value 65 Capital, Contradiction, Crisis and State 68