chml100 PDF

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
J ‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠
 ١٠٠  
 ‫א‬
 J ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬


 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ? ‫א‬  ?   ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K J
K(pH meter)‫א‬‫א‬ J
K J
KK‫א‬K‫א‬ J
K J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
-١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E١J ١F

 KJ W‫א‬‫א‬

 KJ W‫א‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 F‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(pH meter)‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٠{١ J
K٥٠٠،١٠٠،٥٠ J

 J W‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٢٥٧{٢‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 J W١W١٥٩‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{١٥٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C٠{١٥٩
 ٠{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C٠{١
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
-٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


FpH meter‫א‬‫א‬(pH)‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬
٠{١‫א‬٠{١‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K٧{٢‫א‬٠{٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E٢J ١F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬J W  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

٠{١‫א‬‫א‬ (pH)‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
E ‫א‬F٠{١E
 ‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠F J
K‫א‬ J
K(pH mdter)‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٧{٢‫א‬ J
K٠{١ J
K٠{١ J

 J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF٤٠‫א‬‫א‬٤٠EF J ١
 KE١F‫א‬–٧{٢‫א‬F‫א‬
(pH meter)‫א‬‫א‬pH‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
٠{١‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬(pH)‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
-٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


٠{١‫א‬‫א‬٥E٣F‫א‬ J ٥
١٠‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

 J W‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(pH)‫א‬‫א‬ (pH)‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٠{١F

 ٥
 ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬٠{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{١‫א‬

 J WE٢J ١F‫א‬‫א‬
(pH)‫א‬‫א‬ (pH)‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٠{١F‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥
 ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W
 K
-٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬
 K
-٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 E

 EF      K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 EF     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

(salt)
 EF      K pH = pka + log –J ٦
(acid)

       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ٧
 EF          K 

 EF        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨

 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩

 EF    K٧(pH meter)‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
-٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 –

 E١J ١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬٠{١‫א‬‫א‬ W٣

 E٢J ١F‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W٣
-٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١J ١F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW٢

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW٣

 E٢J ١F



-٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E١F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٢F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٣F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٤F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٥F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٦F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٧F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٨F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٩F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E١٠F
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
 ‫א‬
- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣‫א‬

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K J
K J

–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE–––
- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E١J ٢F

 KE‫א‬F–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٪٠{١F‫א‬ J
KE١FEF‫א‬ J
KE١F٪٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE١F٪٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬ J

 J W‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬E٪٠{١F‫א‬١
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
KE٪٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
KE٪٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J WJ
- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 J W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
   KEF‫א‬EF
   ‫א‬‫א‬EF
   ‫א‬‫א‬EF

- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E٢J ٢F

 K‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٪٢F‫א‬ J
KE٪١F J
K٪٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬٢٠ J
KE٪٠{٢F‫א‬ J
KE٪١٠F‫א‬ J

 J W‫א‬
 K٣١E‫א‬F‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬FE٪٢F‫א‬١E١F‫א‬ J ٢
١E٢F‫א‬KE٪١‫א‬
 
‫א‬٢٠E٣F‫א‬E٪٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E٪١٠F‫א‬٢ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬E٪٠{٢F‫א‬٠{٥ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F 
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 J W‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬E١F
 E٢F
 ‫א‬E٣F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E٣J ٢F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 K

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٪٢F‫א‬ J
KE٪١F J
KE٪١F J
KE٪٢F‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE٪٥F‫א‬ J
KE٪٠{٥F J

 J W‫א‬
 ٤١‫א‬
 ‫א‬١١‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٢‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٣‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٠{٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 J W‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١F
 E٢F
 ‫א‬E٣F
 E٤F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J W
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 EF            K‫א‬

 EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 EF             

 EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

 EF  K  ‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

 EF     K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J ٧

 EF K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 

 E١J ٢F‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬

 E٢J ٢F‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

 E٣J ٢F‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W٢
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١J ٢F



 E٢J ٢F


 E٣J ٢F

- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬





 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٥F



 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٨F

- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KW‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
K J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E١J ٣F

 K‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 KE‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠‫א‬‫א‬Salivairy α amylase‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K٪٢
‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧٣‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٥٠٠
K١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬١٧{٣‫א‬
K٪١‫א‬ K٤

 J W‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬١‫א‬،٣١‫א‬  J ١
 K٣‫א‬‫א‬١
K‫א‬٢‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K٣٧‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


E١F J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
١‫א‬‫א‬E
 ١F  J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ٣  ٢  ١ 
 H H ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
    

 ‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
  ‫א‬٢ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K٣‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬


- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 J W‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 EF       K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 EF          K‫א‬J ٢
 EF          K‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 EF         (pH)‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 EF   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 EF             

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 

 E١J ٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W٣
 
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١J ٣F



- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬




 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E١J ٥F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٢J ٥F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٣J ٥F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٤J ٥F


- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE––F‫א‬ J
KEF J
K J
K J
K J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬


- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E١J ٤F

 K‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 K،،،،‫א‬،‫א‬،،J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬ ٠{٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -:‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬FH
 KE‫א‬‫א‬FHH
  KE‫א‬‫א‬FHHH
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

   
   
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   
   
   
   
   


- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E٢J ٤F

 K‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FE‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
K J
‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٪٢F،E٪٢FW‫א‬ J
‫א‬،E٪١F،E٪٢F،E٪٢F‫א‬
KE٪٠{٥F‫א‬،E٪٢FEF

 J W‫א‬
–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬F٢ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬E
 F‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬ J ٣
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬



–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬

 J W‫א‬

 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
 EF‫א‬
 EF


- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E٣J ٤F

 K‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
C=O‫א‬CHO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
K J
K J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬E٪٢F‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬E٪٢F‫א‬ J
K،E٪١F‫א‬ J
K J
٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬١٧{٣
 K١٠٠٠‫א‬
-:‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J ٢
K‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬ J ٤
 KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W
K‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 EF     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 EF           E‫א‬

 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

 EF   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧

‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 EF            

 EF    K‫א‬EF‫א‬J ٩

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
 EF           K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 


 E١J ٤F‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 E٢J ٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٣J ٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١J ٤F




 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW٤

 E٢J ٤F


 E٣J ٤F

- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E١F
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٢F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٣F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٤F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٥F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٦F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٧F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٨F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٩F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E١٠F
- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
   
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K– J
K J
K J
K–J –– J
K، J
K J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬


- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E١J ٥F

 K‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J W  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
K J
K J
K‫א‬ J
K J
K J
 K،،،، J

 J W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
  
  
  
  
  



- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E٢J ٥F

 K‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬E٪١٠F‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٥ J
K J
KE٪١٠F J
K‫א‬ J

 J W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢
KE٪١٠F‫א‬‫א‬٨٥ J ٣
 K‫א‬G
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 EF     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 EF            K

 EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

E٪١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 EF        KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 

 E١J ٥FJ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

 E٢J ٥FJ W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١J ٥F




 E٢J ٥F


- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E١F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٢F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٣F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٤F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٥F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKxz←E٦F

- ٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- ٥٧ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 E١J ١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C٠{١W٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢J ١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

 ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 E√F← (١)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ECF←E٢F
 K‫א‬
 (√) ←E٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٤F
 K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٥F
 E√F ←E٦F
 E√F ←E٧F
 K ‫א‬ECF ←E٨F
 E√F ←E٩F
 K١٤‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E١٠F

- ٥٨ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 E١J ٢F
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬NH2‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

 E٢J ٢F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 
 K‫א‬

 E٣J ٢F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W١
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 K



- ٥٩ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E√F← (١)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF←E٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٣F
 (√) ←E٤F
 (√) ←E٥F
 (√) ←E٦F
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٧F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٨F
 K‫א‬
- ٦٠ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 E١J ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬W٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E√F← (١)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF←E٢F
 K‫א‬ECF ←E٣F
 E√F← (٤)
 E√F← (١-٥)
 (√) ←E٢J ٥F
 E√F← (٣-٥)
 E√F← (٤-٥)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٦F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٧F
- ٦١ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١J ٤F
 K‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K––W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 K‫א‬–‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 
 K‫א‬

 E٢J ٤F
E‫א‬J ‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬W١
 
 K‫א‬

 E٣J ٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





- ٦٢ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 E√F← (١)
 E√F← (٢)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF←E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٤F
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٥F
 K‫א‬
 (√) ←E٦F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٧F
 (√) ←E٨F
 K‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٩F
 (√) ←E١٠F
- ٦٣ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 E١J ٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W٣

 E٢J ٥F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
- ٦٤ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 E√F← (١)
 K‫א‬‫א‬ECF←E٢F
 E√F← (٣)
 E√F← (٤)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF ←E٥F
 (√) ←E٦F


   
- ٦٥ -
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٦FKKK‫א‬،KK J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
- Plummer, D. T. (1978). An Introduction to practical Biochemistry. 2nd ed. MC Graw-Hill Company

Ltd. U.K.
- Vereley , H., Gowenlook , A. and Bell ,M. (1980) . Practical Clinical Biochemistry (vols 1.2) 5th ed.
William Heinmann Medical Books Ltd., London , U.K.
- Boyer , R. F. (1993) . Modern Experimental Biochemistry, 2nd ed. The Benjamin Cumming
Publishing Company, Inc California, U.S.A.
- Slemsh, J. (1984). Experimental Biochemistry . Allyn and Bacon, London , U.K.

 ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢  E١J ١F
 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ١F
 ٨  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٢F
 ١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٢F
 ١٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٢F
 ٢١  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٦  ‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٧  ‫א‬E١J ٣F
 ٣٠  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٥  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٦  ‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٤F
 ٣٨  ‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٤F
 ٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٤F
 ٤٣  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٨  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٩  E‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٥F
 ٥١  ‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٥F
 ٥٣  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 E١J ٥FJ W‫א‬

- Plummer, D. T. (1978). An Introduction to practical Biochemistry. 2nd ed. MC Graw-Hill Company

- Slemsh, J. (1984). Experimental Biochemistry . Allyn and Bacon, London , U.K.

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