INTRODUCTION

Most of the electrical power generated in the world today is three-phase. The three-phase
power was first conceived by Nikola Tesla. In early days of electric power generation, tesla not
only led the battle concerning whether the nation should be powered with direct current low-
voltage direct current or high-voltage alternating current, but he is also proved that three-phase
power was the most efficient way that electricity could produce, transmitted and consumed.

The three phase system usually used in generation, transmission and distribution of electric
power. Power generated by the three phase system is more constant compared to single phase
system. As the result, the three phase motor runs better with less pulsating than single phase motor.
A three phase system produce three sinusoidal voltage of equal amplitude and frequency but
differing in phase by 120 degree from each other.

The three phase power system have three conductors carrying alternating current voltage.
The conductors are balance in time by one third of the period. The three phase system may be
connected and arranged in delta or star. The star connection look like network formed while the
delta connection are connected such a way that it forms a close loop. Difference between star and
delta connection are a star connection has a common or a star point to which all the three terminals
are connected forming a star shape while in delta connection, all the three terminals are connected
together forming a closed loop.

In the lab 1B experiment, we required to study and conduct an experiment regarding the
topic the equivalent circuit of three-phase system. The purpose of study is to stimulate the three
phase system configuration by construct the equivalent circuit and study the transmission line
characteristics. Thus, we needed to construct and operate a three-phase synchronous machine as a
three-phase synchronous generator system. The load characteristics of the synchronous motor
which are output voltage (V), output current (I), apparent power (VA), power factor (cos Ɵ) and
motor speed (Ns) are recorded in the result tables. The manipulating variables in this experiment
is the input voltage ranging from 0 to 40 V.