BASIC KNOWLEDGE IN ROAD

CONSTRUCTION

Chungdu Tshering
Engineer, CDB, MoWHS
 Types of Road in Bhutan

1. National Highways
2. Dzongkhag Roads
3. Farm Roads
1. National Highways
a. Asian Highway (Currently the existing Phuentsholing-Thimphu
Highway)
b. Primary National Highway (existing East-West Highway)
c. Secondary National Highway (Currently District Roads)
Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder L-Drain
1500 6500 1500 1000
50mm DBM + 25mm AC

Base Course = 150mm Subgrade CBR = 7%

Sub base = 210mm

Hard Shoulder
Compacted Granular Soil Soling

Primary National Highway

Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder L-Drain
1500 3500 1500 1000
25mm PMC

Base Course = 150mm Subgrade CBR = 7%

Sub base = 190mm

Hard Shoulder
Compacted Granular Soil Soling

Secondary National Highway

2. Dzongkhag Roads
• Currently feeder Roads
• Connects a Dzongkhag centre and a Dungkhag Centre etc.

Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder L-Drain

500 3500 500 600

Base Course = 150mm Subgrade CBR = 7%

Sub base = 150mm

Hard Shoulder
Compacted Granular Soil Soling

Dzongkhag Road
3. Farm Roads
• Roads that link farmland areas/villages.

Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder L-Drain

500 3500 500 600

Base Course = 120mm Subgrade CBR = 7%

Sub base = 140mm

Hard Shoulder
Compacted Granular Soil Soling
Note: If the traffice is less than 10-15 vpd, single layer base course should sufice

Farm Road
 WHAT
WE DO
IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
 MAJOR ACTIVITIES

1. FORMATION CUTTIN G
2. SUB-GRADE PREPARATION
3. BASE COURSE & BLACK TOPPING
4. SHOULDER
5. PERMANENT WORKS
6. BRIDGES
1. FORMATION CUTTING
 SLOPE
 GRADIENT
 GEOMETRIC
 DISPOSAL OF SPOIL
FORMATION CUTTING
2. SUB-GRADE PREPARATION

 In order to maintain stable and durable sub-grade, uniform

consolidation to be incorporated
 Sub-grade act as a cushion for other layers i.e. In order to
achieve durable road sub-grade should be strong….
 Maintain proper Camber
 CAMBER

SUB-GRADE PREPARATION
3. BASE COURSE & BLACK TOPPING
 Type – I (Old)
• Base course = 150 + 100 = 250mm thickness
• 150mm = 40-63mm, (Rolling)
• 100mm = 20-50mm, (Rolling)
• Premix = 25mm + blinding material (Rolling by applying water)
• Sand Seal coat
• Resurfacing: 20mm
 Type – II (New)
• Granular Sub-Base (GSB) – coarse graded (70mm below)
• Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) – (40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm & Soil) mix
with water
• Dense Bitumen Macadam (DBM) – 20mm + Bitumen
• Asphalt Concrete – 10mm + Bitumen
• Thickness depends upon the actual design for a road
Base Course & Type - I

Sand Seal Coat

Premix: 10mm + bitumen, Rolling
by applying water
Base Course: 150mm ( 20-50mm),
Rolling
Base Course: 150mm ( 40-63mm),
Rolling
Sub-Grade Preparation
Base Course & Type - II

Asphalt Concrete – 10mm +

Bitumen
Dense Bitumen Macadam (DBM) –
20mm + Bitumen
Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), 10 to
40mm plus soil with water & rolling
Granular Sub Grade ( 70mm below),
rolling
Sub-Grade Preparation
TYPE - I
TYPE - II
4. SHOULDER:

 A hard area at the side of a main road, especially a

motorway, where a driver can stop if there is a serious
problem

 Shoulder should be strong enough to resist any types

of vehicle

 Maintain proper compaction as per the design

 Width and thickness should be as per the specification

SHOULDER
PERMANENT WORKS

 RETAINING WALL
 BREAST WALL
 RCC WALL
 CULVERT
 DRAIN
Breast Wall
RCC Wall
Culverts
Culverts
L-Drain
CATCH PIT
CATCH PIT
3. BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
 RCC BRIDGE
 STEEL BRIDGE
 BAILEY BRIDGE
 WOODEN BRIDGE
RCC Bridge
Steel Bridge
Bailey Bridge
Wooden Bridge
MATERIALS REQUIRED IN ROAD
CONSTN.
•CEMENT
•SAND
•BOULDER
•AGGREGATES (different sizes)
•STEEL
•MESH
•BITUMEN
•GEO-TEXTITLE
•RCC HUME PIPES
CONSTRUCTED WITHOUT SPECIFICATION
 WE BUILD

GOOD & DURABLE ROAD

WE PROVIDE TO ROAD USERS

•COMFORT & SAFE RIDING

•LESS OPERATIONAL COST
•IN REASONABLE TIME
 FOR THE COUNTRY

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