LESSON TRANSCRIPT

Particles #6
Learn Japanese Time Particles
Kara, Made, and Ni in a Particle of
Time!

CONTENTS
2 INTRODUCTION
2 DIALOGUE
3 POST CONVERSATION BANTER
3 LESSON FOCUS

# 6
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INTRODUCTION

Particle Lesson 6, Learn Japanese Time Particles Kara, Made, and Ni in a Particle of
Time!
Naomi: ようこそ、JapanesePod101.comの助詞のレッスンへ
Jessi: Hello everyone, and welcome to the Particle lesson series at
JapanesePod101.com, the fastest, easiest and most fun way to learn Japanese! My
name is Jessi and I’m joined in the studio by Naomi-sensei.
Naomi: こんにちは。みなさん。直美です。
Jessi: なおみ先生。
Naomi: はい。
Jessi: 前回、何を勉強しましたか？What did we learn in the previous lesson?
Naomi: We learned particles that indicate direction such as へ 、に、から まで.
Jessi: And In this lesson, what will we be covering?
Naomi: 今日はparticles that indicate time, such as　から、まで and に.
Jessi: The conversation is between two people right?
Naomi: そうです。 Right.歯医者の受付と佐藤あきらさんです。
Jessi: The conversation is between the receptionist at a dentist’s office and Akira Sato.
Naomi: 電話の会話ですね。
Jessi: The talking on the phone.
Naomi: はい。
Jessii: Basic and Premium members, in the Lesson Notes we have a more detailed
explanation about the usage of particles that you’ll learn in this lesson.
Naomi: There are many examples and practice questions.
Jessi: They’re perfect for reviewing and checking what you learned in this lesson. So
let’s listen to the conversation.

DIALOGUE

受付: はい、お電話ありがとうございます。中山歯科です。
佐藤あきら: すみません。診察は、何時から何時までですか。
受付: 九時から六時までです。
佐藤あきら: 今から、いいですか。
受付: あ、はい。何時に着きますか。
佐藤あきら: すぐです。五分後に着きます。
もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。
受付: はい、お電話ありがとうございます。中山歯科です。
佐藤あきら:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM PARTICLES #6 - LEARN JAPANESE TIME PARTICLES KARA, MADE, AND NI IN A PARTICLE OF TIME! 2
すみません。診察は、何時から何時までですか。
受付: 九時から六時までです。
佐藤あきら: 今から、いいですか。
受付: あ、はい。何時に着きますか。
佐藤あきら: すぐです。五分後に着きます。
今度は英語が入ります。
受付: はい、お電話ありがとうございます。中山歯科です。
Jessi: Thank you for calling Nakayama Dental Clinic.
佐藤あきら: すみません。診察は、何時から何時までですか。
Jessi: Excuse me, what are the hours for dental exams?
受付: 九時から六時までです。
Jessi: From nine o'clock to six o'clock.
佐藤あきら: 今から、いいですか。
Jessi: Can I come now?
受付: あ、はい。何時に着きますか。
Jessi: Sure. What time will you arrive?
佐藤あきら: すぐです。五分後に着きます。
Jessi: Right away. I'll be there in five minutes.

POST CONVERSATION BANTER

Jessi: OK. So let’s get this straight – 歯医者 is dentist and 歯科　is dental clinic?
Naomi: Right. Dental clinics are sometimes called 歯科医院. But 歯科 is OK, too.
Jessi: And there’s one more tough word we saw, which is 診察, which in this case is a
dental examination.
Naomi: It could also mean ‘medical examination’ at a hospital.
Jessi: Oh, OK, just in general?
Naomi: はい、そうです。　In the conversation, Akira said 診察は何時から何時までで
すか but he could have said 診察時間はいつですか？That would be much easier.
Jessi: But in this case you wanted to use から and まで because those are actually
this lesson’s target particles, right?
Naomi: (laughing) そうです、そうです。Exactly.

LESSON FOCUS

Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn particles that indicate time. They correspond to "in",
"on", "at", "from", and "until" in English.　Let’s start with から and まで.
Naomi: We covered から and まで in the previous lesson

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right?
Jessi: That’s right. As you learned before, から marks the starting point.. so when it’s
used to talk about time, から indicates the time something starts. It's equivalent to
"from" or “starting from” in English. Can we hear a sample sentence?
Naomi: はい。今日から、ダイエットをします。
Jessi: Literally, ‘I'll be on a diet from today’. In English, we might say ‘starting today’.
And the particle まで marks the time an action ends. It's equivalent to "until" in English.
Naomi: Here is the sample sentence. 結婚式の日まで、ダイエットをします。
Jessi: ‘I'm on a diet until the day of my wedding.’ (laughing) Might be kind of tough. As
you learned in the previous lesson, the particles から and まで are often used together.
This phrase marks the starting time and the ending time of an action. It's equivalent to
　"from A to B" in English. Let’s look at an example where we use them together.
Naomi: 今日から、結婚式の日までダイエットをします。
Jessi ‘Starting today, I'm going on a diet lasting until the day of my wedding.’ I wonder
how long that will be!
Naomi: (laughing) ねー！
Jessi: Naomi-sensei, can you read the sentences from the dialogue?
Naomi: Sure. 診察は、何時から何時までですか。
Jessi: Literally, ‘From what time to what time are the dental exams?’
In more natural English, that would be “What are the hours for the dental exams?”
Naomi: In the dialogue, the receptionist said　九時から六時までです。
Jessi: ‘They’re from 9 to 6.’
Jessi: OK. On to the next particle. What is it, Naomi-sensei?
Naomi: に.
Jessi: The particle に indicates a point of time when something takes place. So we can
say it’s the same as "in", "on", and "at" in English. But, unlike in English, where you
use all those different prepositions, に covers them all.
Naomi: Right. In English, what word you use depends on the expression that follows,
right?
For example, you say “AT seven o’clock”, “ON Monday” “IN June” and so on.
Jessi: That’s right.
Naomi: In Japanese, に covers all of these time expressions.
Jessi: Yeah, so I would say it’s a little more convenient in Japanese, wouldn’t you say?
Naomi: (laughing) そう思います。
Jessi: Naomi-sensei, how do you say ‘at seven o’ clock’?
Naomi: ‘Seven o’clock’ is 七時, so 七時に.
Jessi: How would you say ‘On Monday？’
Naomi: ‘Monday’ is 月曜日, so 月曜日に.
Jessi: And how would you say ‘In June?’
Naomi: ‘June’ is 六月, so

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六月に.
Jessi: Did you notice that all of them were followed by the particleに？
Naomi: Japanese is easier than English in this way.
Jessi: I agree! But, there are some time expressions that に cannot come after, right?
Naomi: That’s true.
Words such as あさ"morning", 今日"today", 今週 "this week", 来年"next year" can not
be marked by particle に.
Jessi: That’s right. So generally speaking, に cannot be attached to relative time
expressions, only really specific time expressions.
Naomi: そうですね。So you can not say 来年に日本に行きます。 Instead you have to
say 来年、日本に行きます。
Jessi: Which means ‘I’m going to Japan next year’. And that’s because 来年 isn’t
specific enough, right?
Naomi: そうですね。That’s right. Time, the 7 days of the week, and the months are
specific enough, so you put に after them. 月曜日に日本にいきます。(I’m going to
Japan on Monday).　六月に日本に行きます(I’m going to Japan in June).
Jessi: Can we hear a sentence from a dialogue?
Naomi: Sure. 何時に着きますか。
Jessi: What time will you arrive?
Naomi: And his answer was…. 五分後に着きます。
Jessi: Literally, “5 minutes later I’ll arrive”. In natural English, this is “I’ll be there in five
minutes.”
Advanced usage of に
Jessi: The next usage is a bit more advanced, but に is also used when talking about
the frequency of an action.
Naomi: Hmm. In this case に follows the duration of time. For example　一ヶ月に一度
Jessi: Once a month.
Naomi: 一ヶ月 means one month. 一度　is once.
Jessi: So how would you say once a week?
Naomi: One week is １週間 So…一週間に一度
Jessi: How about once a year.? A year is 一年
Naomi: 一年に一度　So ジェシーさん よく、アメリカに帰りますか？Do you often go
back to the States?
Jessi: Not that often. 一年に一度帰ります。I go back to the States about once a year.
So Naomi-sensei, how often do you go out to eat?
Naomi: Not often, but maybe 一週間に二度. About twice a week.
Jessi: In this lesson you learned the particles used when talking about time.
Let’s recap this lesson with a quiz.
Which of the following particles marks the time when an action ends?
Naomi: １．まで　2.

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から　3.　に
Jessi: And the answer is?
Naomi: １まで　until
Jessi: Choice 2, から,marks the starting point. から and まで are often used together.
They correspond to “from A to B” in English. Choice 3, に,　indicates a point of time
when something takes place. And one more quiz question. Which of the following time
expressions cannot be followed by the particle に?
Naomi 1.月曜日 2.今日　3. ８時
Jessi: And the answer is?
Naomi: 2　今日　（today） can not be followed by particle に.
Jessi: And that’s because 今日　is not as specific as 月曜日Monday or 八時 8 o’clock.
Naomi: そうです。OK, so that’s all for this lesson.
Jessi: Remember that in this series, each lesson builds on the previous one. So make
sure that you read the lesson notes and master this lesson’s particles before you move
on to the next lesson.
Naomi: 復習してくださいね。
Jessi: Premium members, we have fill-in-the-blank exercises for you in the Learning
Centre.
Naomi: There, you can reinforce what you learned in this lesson.
Jessi: So be sure to visit the Learning Centre at www.japanesePod101.com
Naomi: それじゃまた！
Jessi: See you next time.
受付: はい、お電話ありがとうございます。中山歯科です。
佐藤あきら: すみません。診察は、何時から何時までですか。
受付: 九時から六時までです。
佐藤あきら: 今から、いいですか。
受付: あ、はい。何時に着きますか。
佐藤あきら: すぐです。五分後に着きます。

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