UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL &

BIO-ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FLUID MECHANICS

CLB 11003

TITLE :

Experiment 6 : Multi Pump Test Rig

Lecturer’s Name :

En.Eddyazuan

Name / Section ID Number

1)SURENDRAN BALAKRISHNAN 55201113445
2)MUHAMMAD AKMAL HAKIN BIN RAMLAN 55201113557
3)AHMAD IKHRAM ROSLAN 55201113682

Due Date :
13 APRIL 2016
OBJECTIVES

 Determine the operating characteristic of different pumps in a contained unit.

 Understand the types of pumps in principle and design, and the selection of the

appropriate pump for a particular application for optimal operation.

SUMMARY

The objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of

different pumps in a contained unit. In addition, this experiment was conducted to

understand the types of pumps in principle and design and the selection of the appropriate

pump for a particular application for optimal operation. The results for this experiment

were obtained for pump 1, pump 2 and pump 3 according to different types of

characteristics for each of the pump. This experiment is divided into four parts. First

experiment is rotational speed vs volumetric flow rate, which is for a performance curve

for a centrifugal pump. The second experiment is other performance curve for a

centrifugal pump. The third experiment is rotational speed vs output pressure, which is

performance curve for a positive displacement pump. Finally, the last experiment is other

performance curve for a positive displacement pump. For each part of experiment, the

respective graphs were plotted for different types of characteristics. In the discussion, the

characteristics curves for each part of experiment was plotted according the pump 1,

pump 2 and pump 3. In the each characteristics curves for pump 1, pump 2 and pump 3,

the relationships between each characteristics have been discussed. In short, as a

conclusion, students were able to determine the operating characteristics of different

pumps in a contained unit. Besides, students understood the types of pumps in principle

and design and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for

optimal operation. Thus, the objectives of this experiment were achieved.

RESULTS
Data Collected for Experiment 1:

Table 1 : Rotational Speed and Flow rate for P1

Speed (RPM) Flow rate (%)

2800 59.3

2600 57.0

2400 53.9

2200 49.1

2000 44.6

1800 40.1

1600 35.7

1400 30.8

1200 26.2

1000 21.7

800 17.3

600 12.8

Volume of Q was calculated using formula :

q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
a) Q   b) Q  
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 59.4 When q is 57.0
59.3 113.56  60 57.0 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  4.04 Q  3.88
hr hr
 q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
c) Q   d) Q  
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 53.9 When q is 49.1
53.9 113.56  60 49.1 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  3.67 Q  3.35
hr hr

q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
e) Q   f) Q 
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 44.6 When q is 40.1
44.6 113.56  60 40.1 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  3.04 Q  2.73
hr hr

q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
g) Q   h) Q  
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 35.7 When q is 30.8
35.7 113.56  60 30.8 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  2.43 Q  2.10
hr hr
 q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
i) Q  j) Q 
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 26.2 When q is 21.7
26.2 113.56  60 21.7 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  1.79 Q  1.48
hr hr

q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
k) Q   l) Q 
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 17.3 When q is 12.8
17.3 113.56  60 12.8 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  1.18 Q  0.87
hr hr
 Rotational Speed , N
Flow rate (%) Volume Flow, Q (m3/hr)
(RPM)

59.3 4.04 2800

57.0 3.88 2600

53.9 3.67 2400

49.1 3.35 2200

44.6 3.04 2000

40.1 2.73 1800

35.7 2.43 1600

30.8 2.10 1400

26.2 1.79 1200

21.7 1.48 1000

17.3 1.18 800

12.8 0.87 600

Rotational Speed (N) vs Volume Flow rate (Q)

3000
Rotatinal Speed, N (RPM)

y = 667.63x - 0.2371
2500
R² = 0.997
2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume Flow Rate, Q ( m3/hr)

Figure 1: Rotational Speed (N) vs Volume Flow rate (Q)

Data Collected for Experiment 2 :

Table 2: Flow rate, Speed, Differential Pressure and Power for P1

Flow rate Speed Diff. Pressure Power

% RPM % kW
60 2800 16.4 0.53
50 2799 30.4 0.50
40 2807 42.9 0.48
30 2822 55.2 0.46
20 2836 61.5 0.42

10 2851 65.4 0.40

Volume of Flow rate , Q wac calculate using formula :

q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
a) Q   b) Q  
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 60 When q is 50
60 113.56  60 50 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  4.09 Q  3.41
hr hr

q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
c) Q   d) Q  
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 40 When q is 30
40 113.56  60 30 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  2.73 Q  2.04
hr hr

q 113.56  60 q 113.56  60
e) Q   f) Q 
100 1000 100 1000
q = Flow rate (%) q = Flow rate (%)
When q is 20 When q is 10
20 113.56  60 10 113.56  60
Q  Q 
100 1000 100 1000
3 3
m m
Q  1.36 Q  0.68
hr hr
PMi is calculated as below :-

PMi  Power (kW )  1000 PMi  Power (kW )  1000

when power  0.53 when power  0.50
a). 1000W b). 1000W
PMi  0.53kW  PMi  0.50kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  530W PMi  500W

PMi  Power (kW )  1000 PMi  Power (kW )  1000

when power  0.48 when power  0.46
c). 1000W d). 1000W
PMi  0.48kW  PMi  0.46kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  4800W PMi  460W

PMi  Power (kW )  1000 PMi  Power (kW )  1000

when power  0.42 when power  0.40
e). 1000W f). 1000W
PMi  0.42kW  PMi  0.40kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  420W PMi  400W
i. Motor Input Power (PMI) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Volume Flow rate, Motor Input

Flow rate (%) Power (kW)
Q (m3/hr) Power, PMi, (W)
60 4.09 0.53 530
50 3.41 0.50 500
40 2.73 0.48 480
30 2.04 0.46 460
20 1.36 0.42 420
10 0.68 0.40 400

Motor Input Power (PMi) vs Vol Flow Rate (Q)

600
y = 38.089x + 374.16
Motor Input Power , PMi (W)

500 R² = 0.9898

400

300

200

100

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume Flow Rate , Q (m3/hr)

Figure 1: Motor Input Power vs Volume Flow Rate

 ii. Pump Total Head (H) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Total Head is calculated by using formula as below :-

 DP   3  10.2  10 
4
H  Z c 2  Z c1     
 100   w g 
where
H  Pump Total Head , m
Z c 2  Outlet Dis tan ce From Datum ( water )  860mm  0.86m
Z c1  Inlet Dis tan ce From Datum ( water )  180mm  0.18m
DP  Differential Pr essure,%
kg
 w  Density water  1000
m3
m
g  Gravity  9.81
s2

i). Differential Pressure, % = 16.4

when DP  16.4
 
 3bar  10.2  10 4 N / m 
2
 16.4   bar 
H  (0.86m  0.18m)    
 100   kg
1000 3  9.81 2
m 
 
 m s 
 
 4 N / m2 
 16.4   3bar  10.2  10 bar 
H  0.68m    2 
 100  kg m 1N .s
 1000 3  9.81 2  
 m s kg.m 
H  5.80m
ii). Differential Pressure, % = 30.4
when DP  30.4
 
 3bar  10.2  10 4 N / m 
2
 30.4   bar 
H  (0.86m  0.18m)   
 100   kg
1000 3  9.81 2
m 
 
 m s 
 
 4 N / m2 
 30.4   3bar  10.2  10 bar 
H  0.68m    2 
 100  kg m 1N .s
 1000 3  9.81 2  
 m s kg.m 
H  10.16m
iii). Differential Pressure, % = 42.9
when DP  42.9
 
 4 N / m2 
 42.9   3bar  10.2  10 bar 
H  (0.86m  0.18m)   
 100   kg m 
 1000 3  9.81 2 
 m s 
 
 4 N / m2 
 42.9   3bar  10.2  10 
H  0.68m   bar
 2 
 100  kg m 1N .s
 1000 3  9.81 2  
 m s kg.m 
H  14.06m
iv). Differential Pressure, % = 55.2
when DP  55.2
 
 3bar  10.2  10 4 N / m 
2
 42.9   bar 
H  (0.86m  0.18m)   
 100   kg
1000 3  9.81 2
m 
 
 m s 
 
 4 N / m2 
 42.9   3bar  10.2  10 bar 
H  0.68m    2 
 100  kg m 1N .s
 1000 3  9.81 2  
 m s kg.m 
H  14.06m
v). Differential Pressure, % = 61.5
when DP  61.5
 
 3bar  10.2  10 4 N / m 
2
 61.5   bar 
H  (0.86m  0.18m)   
 100   kg
1000 3  9.81 2
m 
 
 m s 
 
 4 N / m2 
 61.5   3bar  10.2  10 bar 
H  0.68m    2 
 100  kg m 1N .s
 1000 3  9.81 2  
 m s kg.m 
H  19.86m
vi). Differential Pressure, % = 65.4
when DP  65.4
 
 4 N / m2 
 65.4   3bar  10.2  10 bar 
H  (0.86m  0.18m)   
 100   kg m 
 1000 3  9.81 2 
 m s 
 
 4 N / m2 
 65.4   3bar  10.2  10 
H  0.68m   bar
 2 
 100  kg m 1N .s
 1000 3  9.81 2  
 m s kg.m 
H  21.08m
Volume Flow rate, Q Zc2-Zc1 Diff. Pressure, D Pump Total Head, H
3
(m /hr) (m) (%) (m)

4.09 0.68 16.4 5.80

3.41 0.68 30.4 10.16
2.73 0.68 42.9 14.06
2.04 0.68 55.2 17.90
1.36 0.68 61.5 19.86
0.68 0.68 65.4 21.08

Pump Total Head (H) vs Vol Flow Rate (Q)

25

20
Pump Total Head, H (m)

15

10

y = -4.5772x + 25.727
R² = 0.9611
5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/hr)

Figure 2 : Pump Total Head (H) Vs Volumetric Flow Rate (Q)

iii. Pump Power Output (Po) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Power Output was obtained by calculate using formula as below :-

Po   w gHQ  
1hr
3600s
where
Po  Pump Power Output , W
kg
 w  Density water  1000
m3
m
g  Gravity  9.81
s2
H  Pump Total Head , m
m3
Q  Volume Flow rate,
hr
1. m3
when H  5.80m, Q  4.09
hr
 kg m m 3  1hr
Po 
 1000 3  9.81 2  5.80m  4.09  
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
Po  64.64 3 
s kg.m
N .m
Po  64.64
s
Po  64.64W
2. m3
when H  10.16m, Q  3.41
hr
 kg m m 3  1hr
Po  1000 3  9.81 2  10.16m  3.41  
 m s hr  3600s
2 2
kg.m 1N .s
Po  94.41 3 
s kg.m
N .m
Po  94.41
s
Po  94.41W
3. m3
when H  14.06m, Q  2.73
hr
 kg m m 3  1hr
Po  1000 3  9.81 2  14.06m  2.73 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
Po  104.60 3 
s kg.m
N .m
Po  104.60
s
Po  104.60W
4. m3
when H  17.90m, Q  2.04
hr
 kg m m 3  1hr
Po 
 1000 3  9.81 2  17.90m  2.04  
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
Po  99.51 3 
s kg.m
N .m
Po  99.51
s
Po  99.51W
5. m3
when H  19.86m, Q  1.36
hr
 kg m m 3  1hr
Po  1000 3  9.81 2  19.86m  1.36 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
Po  73.60 3 
s kg.m
N .m
Po  73.60
s
Po  73.60W
6. m3
when H  21.08m, Q  0.68
hr
 kg m m 3  1hr
Po  1000 3  9.81 2  21.08m  0.68 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
Po  39.06 3 
s kg.m
N .m
Po  39.06
s
Po  39.06W
 Volume Flow rate, Q Pump Total Head, H Pump Power Output, Po
(m3/hr) (m) (W)
4.09 5.80 64.64
3.41 10.16 94.41
2.73 14.06 104.60
2.04 17.90 99.51
1.36 19.86 73.60
0.68 21.08 39.06

Pump Power Output (P0) vs Vol Flow rate (Q)

120

100
y = 8.1807x + 59.792
Pump Power Output, P0 (W)

R² = 0.1736
80

60

40

20

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/hr)

Figure 3 : Pump Power Output vs Volume Flow Rate

 iv. Pump Power Input (Pi) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Power Input, Pi was calculated by using formula below :-

Pi  PMi  Pp1 min 

where
Pi  PumpPowerInput , W
PMi  Motor Input Power , W
Pp1 min  Pump 1 Power at No Load (50 Hz )  70W

a). when PMi  530 b). when PMi  500

Pi  (530  70)W Pi  (500  70)W
Pi  460W Pi  430W

c). when PMi  480 d). when PMi  460

Pi  (480  70)W Pi  (460  70)W
Pi  410W Pi  390W

e). when PMi  420 f). when PMi  400

Pi  (420  70)W Pi  (400  70)W
Pi  350W Pi  330W
 Motor Input Pump Power Input,
Volume Flow rate, Q Pp1min
Power, PMi Pi

(m3/hr) (W) (W) (W)

4.09 530 70 460

3.41 500 70 430

2.73 480 70 410

2.04 460 70 390

1.36 420 70 350

0.68 400 70 330

Pump Power Input (Pi) vs Vol Flow Rate (Q)

500
450 y = 38.089x + 304.16
R² = 0.9898
Pump Power Input, Pi (W)

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume Flow rate, Q (m3/hr)

Figure 4 : Pump Power Input vs Volume Flow rate

 v. Pump Efficiency (ETA) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Efficiency was obtained by calculation:-

a). Po b). Po
ETA   100% ETA   100%
Pi Pi
when Po  64.64 W , Pi  460W when Po  94.41W , Pi  430W
64.64W 94.41W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
460 W 430W
ETA  14.05% ETA  21.96%

c). Po d). Po
ETA   100% ETA   100%
Pi Pi
when Po  104.60W , Pi  410W when Po  99.51W , Pi  390W
104.60W 99.51W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
410W 390W
ETA  25.51% ETA  25.52%

e). Po f). Po
ETA   100% ETA   100%
Pi Pi
when Po  73.60 W , Pi  350W when Po  39.06W , Pi  330W
73.60W 39.06W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
350 W 330 W
ETA  21.03% ETA  11.84%
 Volume Flow rate, Pump Power Pump Power
Pump Efficiency, ETA
Q Output, Po Input, Pi

(m3/hr) (W) (W) %

4.09 64.64 460 14.05

3.41 94.41 430 21.96

2.73 104.60 410 25.51

2.04 99.51 390 25.52

1.36 73.60 350 21.03

0.68 39.06 330 11.84

Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Vol Flow rate (Q)

30

25
Pump Efficiancy , ETA

y = 0.5786x + 18.605
20 R² = 0.0163

15

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume of Flow rate, Q ( m3/hr)

Figure 5 : Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Volume of Flow Rate (Q)

 vi) Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Overall Efficiency was obtained by calculate using formula at below :-

a). Po b). Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
when Po  64.64W , PMi  530W when Po  94.41W , PMi  500W
64.64W 94.41W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
530W 500W
ETAgr  12.20% ETAgr  18.88%

c). Po d). Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
when Po  104.60 W , PMi  480W when Po  99.51W , PMi  460W
104.60 W 99.51W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
480W 460W
ETAgr  21.80% ETAgr  21.63%

e). Po f). Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
when Po  73.60W , PMi  420W when Po  39.06W , PMi  400W
73.60W 39.06W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
420W 400W
ETAgr  17.52% ETAgr  9.77%
Volume Flow rate, Pump Power Motor Input Overall Efficiency,
Q Output, Po Power, PMi ETAgr
(m3/hr) (W) (W) (%)
4.09 64.64 530 12.20
3.41 94.41 500 18.88
2.73 104.60 480 21.80
2.04 99.51 460 21.63
1.36 73.60 420 17.52
0.68 39.06 400 09.77

Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Vol Flow rate (Q)

25
Overall Efficiency, ETAgr (%)

20
y = 0.6863x + 15.33
R² = 0.0311
15

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume of Flow rate, Q ( m3/hr)

Figure 6 : Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Volume of Flow rate, Q

Table 3 b: Rotational Speed and Flow rate for P3

Speed (RPM) Flow rate (%) Volume flow rate, Q

(m3/hr)
1400 29.2 0.497

1300 27.0 0.460

1200 24.9 0.424

1100 22.5 0.383

1000 20.2 0.344

900 17.9 0.305

800 15.6 0.266

700 13.3 0.227

600 11.1 0.189

500 08.8 0.150

400 06.6 0.112

Volume Flow, Q was calculated by using formula :

𝑞
Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60
100

When q = 29.2, When q = 27.0,

29.2 27.0
Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60 Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60
100 100
= 0.497 m3/hr = 0.460 m3/hr
When q = 24.9, When q = 22.5,
24.9 22.5
Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60 Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60
100 100
= 0.424 m3/hr = 0.383 m3/hr
When q = 20.2, When q = 17.9,
20.2 17.9
Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60 Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60
100 100
= 0.344 m3/hr = 0.305 m3/hr

When q = 15.6, When q = 13.3,

15.6 13.3
Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60 Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60
100 100
= 0.266 m3/hr = 0.227 m3/hr
When q = 11.1, When q = 8.8,
11.1 8.8
Q= × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60 Q = 100 × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60
100
= 0.189 m3/hr = 0.150 m3/hr
When q = 6.6,
6.6
Q = 100 × 28.39 ÷ 103× 60
= 0.112 m3/hr

Figure 2 :Graph of Rotational Speed (N) Vs Volume Flow Rate (Q) for pump 3

Rotational Speed (N) Vs Volume Flow Rate (Q)

1600
y = 2582x + 112.03
1400
R² = 0.9999
1200
Rotational Speed (N)

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Volume Flow Rate (Q), m3/hr
Data Collected for Experiment 4
Table 4 b: Pressure, Flow rate, Speed and Power for P3

Pressure Flow rate Speed Power

% % RPM kW

60 29.6 1400 0.56

55 30.0 1407 0.51

50 30.3 1413 0.49

45 30.7 1419 0.47

40 31.0 1426 0.44

35 31.3 1432 0.43

30 31.6 1438 0.40

25 32.0 1440 0.39

20 32.2 1447 0.37

10 33.9 1452 0.36

Motor Volume Pump Pump Pump Pump Overall Volumetric

Power Flow Total Power Power Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
Input,PMi rate, Q Head,H Output,P0 Input, Pi (ETA) (ETAgr) (ETAV)
W m3/hr m W W
560 0.50 137.43 170.40 510 33.41 30.43 94.35
510 0.51 126.00 159.35 460 34.64 31.25 95.76
490 0.52 114.57 147.73 440 33.58 30.15 97.22
470 0.52 103.15 133.01 420 31.67 28.30 96.81
440 0.53 91.72 120.54 390 30.91 27.40 98.18
430 0.53 80.30 105.54 380 27.77 24.54 97.77
400 0.54 68.87 92.22 350 26.35 23.06 99.20
390 0.55 57.45 78.35 340 23.04 20.09 100.90
370 0.55 46.02 62.76 320 19.61 16.96 100.41
360 0.57 32.75 32.75 310 10.56 9.10 103.70
 i. Motor Input Power (PMi) vs Output Pressure for P3

PMi was calculated as below :

a). PMi  Power (kW )  1000 b). PMi  Power (kW )  1000
when power  0.56 when power  0.51
1000W 1000W
PMi  0.56kW  PMi  0.51kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  560W PMi  510W
c). PMi  Power (kW )  1000 d). PMi  Power (kW )  1000
when power  0.49 when power  0.47
1000W 1000W
PMi  0.49kW  PMi  0.47kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  490W PMi  470W
e). PMi  Power (kW )  1000 f). PMi  Power (kW )  1000
when power  0.44 when power  0.43
1000W 1000W
PMi  0.44kW  PMi  0.43kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  440W PMi  430W
g). PMi  Power (kW )  1000 h). PMi  Power (kW )  1000
when power  0.40 when power  0.39
1000W 1000W
PMi  0.40kW  PMi  0.39kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  400W PMi  390W
i). PMi  Power (kW )  1000 j). PMi  Power (kW )  1000
when power  0.37 when power  0.36
1000W 1000W
PMi  0.37kW  PMi  0.36kW 
1kW 1kW
PMi  370W PMi  360W
 Output Pressure Motor Power Input,PMi
% W
60 560
55 510
50 490
45 470
40 440
35 430
30 400
25 390
20 370
10 360

Table 4.1 : Output Pressure (Pr) , Motor Power Input (PMi) for P3

Motor Input Power vs Output Pressure

600
y = 3.9654x + 295.28
500 R² = 0.9519
Motor Input Power, PMi (W)

400

300

200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Output Pressure, Pr (%)

Figure 2 : Motor Input Power vs Output Pressure for P3

Volume Flow (Q) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

Volume Flow (Q) was calculated as below :

a). q b). q
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
29.6 30.0
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
m3 m3
Q  0.50 Q  0.51
hr hr

c). q d). q
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
30.3 30.7
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
m3 m3
Q  0.52 Q  0.52
hr hr

e). q f). q
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
31.0 31.3
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
m3 m3
Q  0.53 Q  0.53
hr hr

g). q h). q
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
31.6 32.0
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
m3 m3
Q  0.54 Q  0.55
hr hr

i). q j). q
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
32.2 33.9
Q  28.39  1000  60 Q  28.39  1000  60
100 100
m3 m3
Q  0.55 Q  0.57
hr hr
 Output Pressure Volume Flow rate, Q
% m3/hr
60 0.50
55 0.51
50 0.52
45 0.52
40 0.53
35 0.53
30 0.54
25 0.55
20 0.55
10 0.57

Table 4.2 : Volume Flow (Q) , Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

Volume Flow vs Output Pressure

0.58

0.57

0.56
Volume Flow, Q (m3/hr)

0.55

0.54

0.53

0.52

0.51
y = -0.0013x + 0.5799
0.5 R² = 0.9773
0.49
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Output Pressure, Pr (%)

Figure 3 : Volume Flow vs Output Pressure for P3

 ii. Pump Power Output (P0) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

Pump Total Head is calculated by using formula as below :-

 Pr   20  10.2  10 
4
H  Z G 2  Z G1     
 100    oil g 
where
H  Pump Total Head , m
Z G 2  Outlet Dis tan ce From Datum (oil)  380mm  0.38m
Z G1  Inlet Dis tan ce From Datum (oil)  64mm  0.064m
DP  Differential Pr essure,%
kg
 oil  Density oil  910
m3
m
g  Gravity  9.81
s2

a). Output Pressure, % = 60 b). Output Pressure, % = 55

when Pr  60 when Pr  55
   
   
 60   20  10.2  10  H  (0.38m  0.064m)   55    20  10.2  10
4 4
H  (0.38m  0.064m)    
 100   910 kg  9.81 m   100   910 kg  9.81 m 
   
 m3 s2   m3 s2 
H  137.43m H  126.00m

c). Output Pressure, % = 50 d). Output Pressure, % = 45

when Pr  50 when Pr  45
   
   
 50   20  10.2  10  H  (0.38m  0.064m)   45    20  10.2  10
4 4
H  (0.38m  0.064m)    
 100   910 kg  9.81 m   100   910 kg  9.81 m 
   
 m3 s2   m3 s2 
H  114.57m H  103.15m

e). Output Pressure, % = 40 f). Output Pressure, % = 35

when Pr  40 when Pr  35
   
   
 40   20  10.2  10  H  (0.38m  0.064m)   35    20  10.2  10
4 4
H  (0.38m  0.064m)    
 100   910 kg  9.81 m   100   910 kg  9.81 m 
   
 m3 s2   m3 s2 
H  91.72m H  80.30m

g). Output Pressure, % = 30 h). Output Pressure, % = 25

when Pr  30 when Pr  25
   
   
 30   20  10.2  10  H  (0.38m  0.064m)   25    20  10.2  10
4 4
H  (0.38m  0.064m)    
 100   910 kg  9.81 m   100   910 kg  9.81 m 
   
 m3 s2   m3 s2 
H  68.87m H  57.45m

i). Output Pressure, % = 20 j). Output Pressure, % = 10

when Pr  20 when Pr  10
   
   
   20  10.2  10  H  (0.38m  0.064m)     20  10.2  10
4 4
20 10 
H  (0.38m  0.064m)      
 100   910 kg  9.81 m   100   910 kg  9.81 m 
   
 m3 s2   m3 s2 
H  46.02m H  23.17m

Pump Power Output was obtained by calculate using formula as below :-

Po   oil gHQ 
1hr
3600s
where
Po  Pump Power Output ,W
kg
 oil  Density oil  910
m3
m
g  Gravity  9.81
s2
H  Pump Total Head , m
m3
Q  Volume Flow rate,
hr
1.  kg m m 3  1hr
Po   910 3  9.81 2  137.43m  0.50 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  170.40 3  170.40  170.40W
s s
2.  kg m m 3  1hr
Po   910 3  9.81 2  126.00m  0.51  
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  159.35 3  159.35  159.35W
s s
3.  kg m m 3  1hr
Po   910 3  9.81 2  114.57m  0.52 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  147.73 3  147.73  147.73W
s s
4.  kg m m 3  1hr

Po   910 3  9.81 2  103.15m  0.52  
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  133.01 3  133.01  133.01W
s s
5.  kg m m 3  1hr
Po   910 3  9.81 2  91.72m  0.53 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  120.54 3  120.54  120.54W
s s

6.  kg m m 3  1hr

Po   910 3  9.81 2  80.30m  0.53  
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  105.54 3  105.54  105.54W
s s

7.  kg m m 3  1hr
Po   910 3  9.81 2  68.87m  0.54 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  92.22 3  92.22  92.22W
s s
8.  kg m m 3  1hr
Po   910 3  9.81 2  57.45m  0.55 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  78.35 3  78.35  78.35W
s s

9.  kg m m 3  1hr

Po   910 3  9.81 2  46.02m  0.55  
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  62.76 3  62.76  62.76W
s s

10.  kg m m 3  1hr
Po   910 3  9.81 2  23.7 m  0.57 
 m s hr  3600s
kg.m 2 N .m
Po  32.75 3  32.75  32.75W
s s

Pump Power Output Vs Output Pressure

200
180 y = 1.2258x + 58.205
160 R² = 0.4116
Pump Power Output (Po)

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Output Pressure (Pr)

Figure 3 :Pump Power Output (P0) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

 iii. Pump Power Input (Pi) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

Pi was calculated was below :

Pi = PMi - P3min Pi = PMi - P3min

= PMi - 50W = PMi - 50W

= 560 - 50 = 510 - 50

= 510 W = 460 W

Pi = PMi - P3min Pi = PMi - P3min

= PMi - 50W = PMi - 50W

= 490 - 50 = 470 - 50

= 440 W = 420 W

Pi = PMi - P3min Pi = PMi - P3min

= PMi - 50W = PMi - 50W

= 440 - 50 = 430 - 50

= 390 W = 380 W

Pi = PMi - P3min Pi = PMi - P3min

= PMi - 50W = PMi - 50W

= 400 - 50 = 390 - 50

= 350 W = 340 W

Pi = PMi - P3min Pi = PMi - P3min

= PMi - 50W = PMi - 50W

= 370 - 50 = 3600 - 50

= 320 W = 310 W
 Pump Power Input Vs Output Pressure
600

500 y = 3.9654x + 245.28

R² = 0.9519
Pump Power Input (Pi)

400

300

200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Output Pressure (Pr)

Figure 4 :Pump Power Input (Pi) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

iv. Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

ETA was calculated was below :

1. Po 2. Po
ETA   100% ETA   100%
Pi Pi
when Po  170.40 W , Pi  510W when Po  159.35W , Pi  460W
70.40W 159.35W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
510W 460W
ETA  33.41% ETA  34.64%
3. Po 4. Po
ETA   100% ETA   100%
Pi Pi
when Po  147.73W , Pi  440W when Po  133.01W , Pi  420W
147.73W 133.01W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
440W 420W
ETA  33.58% ETA  31.67%
5. P 6. P
ETA  o  100% ETA  o  100%
Pi Pi
when Po  120.54W , Pi  390W when Po  105.54 W , Pi  380W
120.54W 105.54W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
390W 380W
ETA  30.91% ETA  27.77%
7. P 8. P
ETA  o  100% ETA  o  100%
Pi Pi
when Po  92.22 W , Pi  350W when Po  78.35W , Pi  340W
92.22W 78.35W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
350W 340W
ETA  26.35% ETA  23.04%
9. P 10. P
ETA  o  100% ETA  o  100%
Pi Pi
when Po  62.76 W , Pi  320W when Po  32.75W , Pi  310W
62.76W 32.75W
ETA   100% ETA   100%
320 W 310 W
ETA  19.61% ETA  10.56%
 Pump Efficiency Vs Output Pressure
40
y = 0.3612x + 14.55
Pump Efficiency (ETA) 35 R² = 0.9092
30

25

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Output Pressure (Pr)

Figure 5 : Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

v. Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

ETAgr was calculated as below :

1. Po 2. Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
170.40W 159.35W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
560W 510W
ETAgr  30.45% ETAgr  31.25%
3. Po 4. Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
147.73W 133.01W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
490W 470W
ETAgr  30.15% ETAgr  28.3%

5. Po 6. Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
120.54W 105.54W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
440W 430W
ETAgr  27.40% ETAgr  24.54%

7. Po 8. Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
92.22 W 78.35W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
400W 390W
ETAgr  23.06% ETAgr  20.09%

9. Po 10. Po
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
PMi PMi
62.76 W 32.75W
ETAgr   100% ETAgr   100%
370W 360W
ETAgr  16.96% ETAgr  9.10%
 Overall Efficiency Vs Output Pressure
35
y = 0.351x + 11.758
30 R² = 0.93
Overall Efficiency (ETAgr)

25

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Output Pressure (Pr)

Figure 6 : Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

vi. Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv) vs Output Pressure (Pr)for P3

Volumetric Efficiency (ETAV) was calculated as below :

1. 𝑄 2. 𝑄
ETAv = 𝑥 100 ETAv = 𝑥 100
𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥 60 𝑉𝑖 𝑋𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60
0.50 0.51
= 𝑚3
x100 = 𝑚3
x100
6 6
6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1400 𝑥 60 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1407 𝑥 60
= 94.35 = 95.76
3. 𝑄 4. 𝑄
ETAv = 𝑥 100 ETAv = 𝑥 100
𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60
0.52 0.52
= 𝑚3
x100 = 𝑚3
x100
6 6
6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1413 𝑥 60 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1419 𝑥 60
= 97.22 = 96.81
5. 𝑄 6. 𝑄
ETAv = 𝑥 100 ETAv = 𝑥 100
𝑉𝑖 𝑋𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60
0.53 0.53
= 𝑚3
3x100 = 𝑚3
x100
6 6
6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1426 𝑥 60 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥 1432 𝑥 60
= 98.18 = 97.77
7. 𝑄 8. 𝑄
ETAv = 𝑥 100 ETAv = 𝑥 100
𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60
0.54 0.55
= 𝑚3
x100 = 𝑚3
x100
6 6
6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1438 𝑥 60 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1440 𝑥 60
= 99.20 = 100.90
9. 𝑄 10. 𝑄
ETAv = 𝑥 100 ETAv = 𝑥 100
𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60
0.55 0.57
= 𝑚3
x100 = 𝑚3
x100
6 6
6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1447𝑥 60 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑥1452 𝑥 60
= 100.41 = 103.70

Volumetric Efficiency Vs Output Pressure

102

101
Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv)

100

99

98

97

96

95 y = -0.1486x + 103.79
R² = 0.9229
94
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Output Pressure (Pr)

Figure 7 : Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv) vs Output Pressure (Pr)for P3

DISCUSSION
The main objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of different
pumps in a contained unit. Besides that, it also helps to understand the types of pumps in
principle and design, and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for
optimal operation. In experiment 1, the reading that was recorded in the table shows that when
the speed is decrease the reading of flowrate also decreases. Then, the graph of Rotational Speed
(N) vs. Volume Flow rate (Q) is plotted, a straight line graph is produced. At speed = 2800 rpm,
the volume flowrate is 59.3% and when at the lowest speed = 600 rpm, the flowrate is lower
where its 12.8 %. Based on the theory, it can be said that when the rotational speed is increased,
the volume flow is also increased. The objective is achieved.

Rotational Speed (N) vs Volume Flow

rate (Q)
3000
Rotatinal Speed, N (RPM)

y = 667.63x - 0.2371
2500
R² = 0.997
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume Flow Rate, Q ( m3/hr)

In experiment 3, the readings for flow rate when there is a decrease in the speed is recorded. The
formula of volumetric flow rate,

 q   113.56 x 60 
   
Q =  100  x  1000 

is used to determine the volume flow (Q). From the table, it is known that once the values of
speed decreases, the values of flow rate and volume flow rate are also decreasing. A graph of
Rotational speed (N) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) is plotted and it shows a straight line graph
which means that the speed is directly proportionally to the volume flow rate as said by the
theory.

Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Vol Flow

rate (Q)
25
y = 0.6863x + 15.33

Overall Efficiency, ETAgr (%)

20 R² = 0.0311
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume of Flow rate, Q ( m3/hr)

Rotational Speed (N) Vs Volume

Flow Rate (Q)
1500
Rotational Speed (N)

y = 2582x + 112.03
1000 R² = 0.9999

500

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Volume Flow Rate (Q), m3/hr

In experiment 2, the readings for flow rate, differential pressure, power and speed are recorded
from the speed and output flow rate are maximum. When the output flow rate is decreased, the
table shows that the values differential pressure and speed increase when the power is decreased.
A range of graph is plotted. The graph for Motor Input Power (PMI) vs. Volume Flow rate (Q))
shows an increasing curve.
 Motor Input Power (PMi) vs Vol Flow Rate
(Q)
600

Motor Input Power , PMi (W)

500
400
y = 38.089x + 374.16
300
R² = 0.9898
200
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume Flow Rate , Q (m3/hr)

The graphs for Pump Power Output (Po) vs. Volume Flow Rate and Pump Power Input (Pi) vs.
Volume Flow Rate (Q) also shows increasing curve, which shows a directly proportional graph
to volumetric flow rate. The Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) and Pump Total
Head (H) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) graph shows a constant decrease.

Pump Total Head (H) vs Vol Flow Rate (Q)

25
Pump Total Head, H (m)

20

15

10
y = -4.5772x + 25.727
5 R² = 0.9611

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/hr)
 Pump Power Output (P0) vs Vol Flow rate
(Q)
120

Pump Power Output, P0 (W)

100 y = 8.1807x + 59.792
R² = 0.1736
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/hr)

Pump Power Input (Pi) vs Vol Flow Rate (Q)

500
Pump Power Input, Pi (W)

450
400
350 y = 38.089x + 304.16
300 R² = 0.9898
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume Flow rate, Q (m3/hr)
 Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Vol Flow rate (Q)
30
y = 0.5786x + 18.605

Pump Efficiancy , ETA

25 R² = 0.0163
20
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume of Flow rate, Q ( m3/hr)

Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Vol Flow rate

(Q)
25
Overall Efficiency, ETAgr (%)

y = 0.6863x + 15.33
20 R² = 0.0311

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Volume of Flow rate, Q ( m3/hr)

The last section of this experiment is experiment 4. In this experiment, the readings for
flow rate, differential pressure, power and speed are recorded from the speed and output flow
rate are maximum. When the pump head (pressure) is decreased, the table shows that the values
of volume flow rate increased and the power is decreased. Pump Efficiency, ETA and Overall
Efficiency (ETAgr) decreases when pressure is decreased. Volumetric Efficiency, % ETAVA
decreases when pressure is decreased. A range of graph is plotted. The graphs for Motor Input
Power (PMi) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) and Pump Power Input (Pi) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) show
increasing curves. While,

Pump Power Output (Po) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) gives a straight line graph. The
Volume Flow (Q) Vs Output Pressure (Pr)decreases, Pump Efficiency (ETA) Vs Output Pressure
(Pr)and Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) shows an increaese. The graph of
Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) gives a constant straight line graph at
y≈100.

Motor Input Power Vs Output

Pressure
660
Motor Input Power (PMi)
640 y = 1.1167x + 541.94
R² = 0.9902
620
600
580
560
540
0 20 40 60 80 100
Output Pressure (Pr)

Volume Flow Rate Vs Output Pressure

1.32

1.315
Volume Flow Rate (Q)

1.31

1.305

1.3 y = -0.0002x + 1.3121

R² = 0.8062
1.295

1.29
0 20 40 60 80 100
Output Pressure (Pr)
 Pump Power Output Vs Output Pressure
120
y = 1.0973x + 2.6965

Pump Power Output (Po)

100
R² = 1
80

60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Output Pressure (Pr)

Pump Power Input Vs Output Pressure

580
y = 1.1167x + 471.94
Pump Power Input (Pi)

560 R² = 0.9902
540

520

500

480

460
0 20 40 60 80 100
Output Pressure (Pr)
 Pump Efficiency Vs Output Pressure
20

Pump Efficiency (ETA)

y = 0.1864x + 1.3208
15 R² = 0.9983

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Output Pressure (Pr)

Overall Efficiency Vs Output Pressure

20
Overall Efficiency (ETAgr)

y = 0.1668x + 1.0831
15 R² = 0.9987
10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Output Pressure (Pr)

Volumetric Efficiency Vs Output Pressure

110.4
Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv)

110.2

110

109.8

109.6
y = -0.0044x + 109.89
109.4 R² = 0.2115

109.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
Output Pressure (Pr)
 Motor Input Power vs Output Pressure
600

Motor Input Power, PMi (W)

y = 3.9654x + 295.28
500
R² = 0.9519
400

300

200

100

0
0 20 40 60 80
Output Pressure, Pr (%)

The characteristic curves for the experiment 2 and 4 were plotted in one graph.

For pump 1 :

Motor Input Pump Total Overall

Pump
Pump Pump
Volume Flow, Power, PMi, Head, H Power Efficiency,
Q (m3/hr) Output, Po
Power Efficiency,
Input, Pi ETA ETAgr
(W) (m) (W) (%)

4.09 530 5.80 64.64 460 14.05 12.20

3.41 500 10.16 94.41 430 21.96 18.88
2.73 480 14.06 104.60 410 25.51 21.80
2.04 460 17.90 99.51 390 25.52 21.63
1.36 420 19.86 73.60 350 21.03 17.52
0.68 400 21.08 39.06 330 11.84 09.77
 Characteristics VS Volume Flow rate for P1
600

500

400 Pmi
Characteristics

H
300
P0

200 Pi
ETA
100 ETAgr

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Volume Flow rate, Q

From the graph plotted for pump 1, the pressure head (H) increases when the volume flow rate
(Q) increases. In addition, the motor input power (Pmi), pump output (Po), pump input (Pi),
pump efficiency (ETA), and overall pump efficiency (ETAgr) decreases as the Q increases.

For pump 3:

Motor Volume Pump Pump Pump Pump Overall Volumetric

Power Flow rate, Total Power Power Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
Input,PMi Q Head,H Output,P0 Input, Pi (ETA) (ETAgr) (ETAV)
3
W m /hr m W W
560 0.50 137.43 170.40 510 33.41 30.43 94.35
510 0.51 126.00 159.35 460 34.64 31.25 95.76
490 0.52 114.57 147.73 440 33.58 30.15 97.22
470 0.52 103.15 133.01 420 31.67 28.30 96.81
440 0.53 91.72 120.54 390 30.91 27.40 98.18
430 0.53 80.30 105.54 380 27.77 24.54 97.77
400 0.54 68.87 92.22 350 26.35 23.06 99.20
390 0.55 57.45 78.35 340 23.04 20.09 100.90
370 0.55 46.02 62.76 320 19.61 16.96 100.41
360 0.57 32.75 32.75 310 10.56 9.10 103.70
 Characteristics VS Output Pressure for P3
600

500
Pmi
400
Characteristics

Q
300 P0
Pi
200
ETA
100 ETAgr
ETAv
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Output Pressure

From the graph plotted for pump 3, the volume efficiency (ETAv) and volume flowrate (Q)
increases when the output pressure (Pr) increases. In addition, the motor input power (Pmi),
pump output (Po), pump input (Pi), pump efficiency (ETA), and overall pump efficiency (ETAgr)
decreases as the output pressure (Pr) increases.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The main objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of

different pumps in a contained unit. Besides that, it also helps to understand the types of pumps

in principle and design, and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for

optimal operation. This experiment allows the students to measure the operating characteristic of

different pump in a contained unit. The principles of the pump are different from each other.

Pump is a device use to move fluid such as liquid, gases by physical or mechanical action. The

results show different types of curve and line graphs according to different pumps. The function,

principle and design of each pump vary according to its type. Different pumps hold different
operating characteristics. From this experiment, it is proven that centrifugal pump, plunger pump

and gear pump has different working principle due to the type of fluid in which the pump is used

to move the fluid. The design of three pumps has a big difference as centrifugal pump and

plunger pump need two motor to run the pump. While the gear pump only needs a motor.

To ensure the experiment successfully, before conducting this experiment, it is necessary

to do some check up towards the equipment to avoid any misuse and malfunction. Each valve

should be properly open/closed according to the type of pump. Next, the pump should not be

operating when there is no liquid in the pipeline to avoid serious damage to the equipment.

Besides that, adjust the potentiometer to its minimum setting before switch off the pump. Lastly,

make sure that HV2 is not completely closed when P2 is running.

REFERENCES

1) Kirby, B.J. (2010). Micro- and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics: Transport in Microfluidic

Devices.. Cambridge University Press .

2) Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications, Laurier L.

Schramm, Publisher: Wiley VCH, 26 July 2005

3) Cameron Tropea, Alexander L. Yarin, John F. Foss, Springer handbook of experimental

fluid mechanics Publisher: Springer, 9 October 2007

4) Falkovich, Gregory (2011), Fluid Mechanics (A short course for physicists), Cambridge

University Press
5) Batchelor, George K. (1967), An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University

Press

6) White, Frank M. (2003), Fluid Mechanics, McGraw–Hill