8.1 EXAMPLES OF ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS ‘An eccentric connection is one in which the resultant of the applied loads does not _ ss through the center of gravity ofthe fasteners or welds. Ifthe connection has a plane of symmetry, the centroid ofthe shear area ofthe fasteners or welds may be ‘used as the reference point and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the load to the centroid is called the eccentricity. Although a majority of connections ‘are probably loaded eccentically, in many cases the eccentricity i small and may be neglected. ‘The framed beam connection shown in Figure 8.1 i atypical eccentric connec- tion, This connection, in either bolted or welded form, is commonly used to connect beams tocolumns. Although the eccentricities inthis ype of connection are small and can sometimes be neglected, they do exist and are used here for illustration. There are actually two different connections involved: the attachment of the beam to the fram- ing angles and the attachment ofthe angles tothe column. These connections illustrate the two basi cateyoriesof eccentric connections: dhese causing only shear in the fas- teners or welds and those causing both shear and ten If the beam and angles are considered separately from the column, as shown in ‘Figure 8.1b itis clea that the reaction R acts at an eccentricity from the centroid ‘ofthe areas of the fasteners in the beam web. These fasteners are thus subjected to ‘both a shearing force and a couple that lies in the plane of the connection and causes torsional shearing stress. Ifthe column and the angles are isolated from te beam, as shown in Figure 8.1e, itis clear that the fasteners inthe column flange are subjected tothe reaction R act- ing at an eccentricity e from the plane of the fastenes, producing the same couple as. before. In this case, however, the load isnot inthe plane ofthe fasteners, s0 the cou~ ‘le wll tend to put the upper part ofthe connection ir tension and compress the lower part, The fasteners at the top of the connection will therefore be subjected to both shear and tension. ‘Although we used a bolied connection here forillutration, welded connections can be similarly categorized as either shear only or shear plus tension. arFIGURE 8.1 AT In. 82 Eccentric Bolted Connections: Shear Only ECCENTRIC BOLTED CONNECTIONS: SHEAR ONLY ‘The column bracket connection shown in Figure 82 i an example of «bolted con- neton subjected to eccentric shear. Two approaches exist forthe solution of this prob- Jem: the waditionl elastic analysis andthe more accurate (out more complex) ultimate suength analysis. Boh will be illustrated, Elastic Analysis In Figure 83a, the fastener shear areas and the Toad are shown separate from the col- ‘umn and bracket plate. The ecentrc load P can be replaced with the Same load act- ing at the centroid plus the couple, M-= Pe, where e is the eccentricity. If thisHt ATTb replacement i made the loa wll be concen, an each fastener cn be assumed torexst an equl share ofthe fad, given by p.=P/n where is the uber of fs- tenes, The fstene forces esuling from the couple canbe found by consdeig the Shearing ses inthe faxenrs ob theresa of tion of cost sein ade Up of the cross-section] ares of the fstenes If och an ssumpeion made, he shea ing ses in each fastener canbe found fromthe torsion frula. 32 Stuns 4-H ate en) 2 where = T= vida <= distance from the encod ofthe area to the pont where the sess fs being, compel Sse J polar momeat of inertia ofthe area about the contoid and the stress fis perpendicular tod. Although the torsion formlais applicable only toright circular cylinders is use here is conservative, yielding stuesss that ae some what larger than the actual stresses If the parllel-anis theorem is used andthe polar moment of inertia ofeach crealar sea sbout its own centroid is neglected, J forthe total area can be approximated as Ja SAd = Ard provided al fasteners have the same area, A. Equation 8,1 can then be written as = aEAT Te ab | telat lon a ae a Ma _ Ma M=Pe, MorankFovce = Pe = = Aaya Tat ‘The two components of shear force thus determined can be added veleily to ob- tain the resltant fore, shown in Figure 8.3, where the lower righthand fastener is used as an example, When te largest resultant is determined, the fastener ie is selected so as to resist this fore. The tcl fastener cannot always be found by in pectin, and several fore calculations may be necessary. - “Tis generally more convenieat fo work with rectangular component of forces, Fore et eho eer of oe ei fo rect shear are patient Aeoatiedd wtotlel cobibitincte =F a ty = % eae = Aeros nbecin Pe = 3 FIGURE 84 ~ ew taeroeste "1 ait where P, and compare the ttl enectin lod, sown in Figure 84, Th horizontal and vertical components caused by the eccentricity can be found a follows. In terms of the 2- and y-coordinates ofthe centers ofthe fastener ses opens hs + Edi = Za? +x) ques aes oh. store rg the contin sen iste ce oft il feeb trea The rcompngs ofa My e+ _ = | wash Sicily, vo Po “3a? +) a Eqieegt Fog SS a el ate 45 JC cay fe +H fimy+ fey) bes471d Chepter 8 EccentrieConnections where Ee — Pex + Pa Eby = Poy + Pay IF, the load applied to the connection, i factored load, then force p on the fas- tener isthe factored load tobe resisted in shear and bearing—thats, the required design strength othe fanener— Example 8.1 Solution Ft ‘Determine the critical fastener fore inthe bracket connection shown in Figure 8.5. “Z ‘Taam of he fasenr group canbe found by wing ont axis though th lower row and applying the principal of moments 9.2m +a ams. ee ae ot EME a4) ‘Thetorzotl and vert component of te on ae 2, = + 0) = ee and 2.50) = 4p ios 4 sass “pile 5° le Referring to Figure 8.62, we can compute the moment of the load about the centroid: = 44.72(12-+2.75) -22.26(14-6)= 480.7 inckips _(ockwise)8.2 Eccentric Bolted Connections: Sheer Only, 7 C FIGURE 8.6 Pama i La gt A. aunt as pode | A—___ | ieee A325 34" N + Piast ef (S4 bu)(o.4izin’ )= 234 Dei-i2e\ Remember 2 MFPe Feng = Sue zla*+4) i ppt d = M4 (ob ty, = Dota Cridical Feat socertenss at snaanete ‘tudes of the components caused by the couple. Using these directions and relative mag- nitudes at a gue ad bearing in mind that forces add bythe parallelogram lav, we can conclude tha the loves right-hand fastener wil have the largest resultant force. ‘The sorzontal and vera components offre in each bl resuligfrom the concen ond ae foralt betta” pq = 78 = 2705 ips and_pe = AT = 5.590 ups 1” 480.718) _| 1925 ‘) = Ep, = 27954 1698-1778 ips = 5390-6867 =1246 kip en. “= Ep, fp esr 0" ini) wena [jc &r7#)ang Cd ‘SION CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOLTS ‘on Robt te tae 21.7% ‘Table 7-1 Available Shear —~ Pin Strength of Bolts, kips [Dei-28]_* S401 (0.15) oma Bt mete % % a 7 an a Ain? aaor | eae [on | ares sre | rama || 95 an | BE] | wit} oe | in| || te | ton = v0 fureo |? 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