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zojanko@eunet.rs

!"#$, %&#", #&'($() – *!+,("#, -#.("#, !/%+0

1*23%#43: &+,-./ 0/,120/ 34-5/, .16/ -4 7,/2+ 0/ /,8/+90+5 3,42-:/;/5/
-;4:/, 94-:1 -;16/ +-812+<:/ =/-0+;/ 0/ 1>,42? + 5/7+6+. Me@? -:+81;+5/ .16+
"3,4-A+./;/6?" + ".1540:/,+<?" ;4,1;/B/ ? 1271;/,/6?C? 51C >+D/ ;/E01 54-
-:1 3,+3/2/ 642016 F?.1;16 34-5+, ? .1616 -4 71;1,+ 1 :154 ./.1 2,/7+, +5/6?C+
0/ ?5? 31540?:/ -;16-:;/ GA1,4 + 5/7+6? ./1 -,42-:;1 =/ 3,+21>+6/B4 D?>/;+,
0/-:16+ 2/ +=A49+ -;16? ;1D40? 12 D?>/;0+8 6/2/, =/:+5 2/ 64 0/;424 2/ =/;1A+
B47/ +, 0/ .,/6?, 2/ 5? 21@4 2/ -4 - B+5 D?>+. ;? 34-5? :/.1@4 64 =/>4A4E+1, /
=/:+5 + 3?>A+.1;/1 ? ;/,+6/0:015 1>A+.?, H. $. )/;+21;+C, 0/.10 B47/ <:/5-
3/1 64 &?./ #,@+C-I64A1.1-+C ./1 -;/:1;-.?, / <:/53/0/ 64 + ? J>1,0+.? =/ 0/-
,120+ E+;1: + 1>+9/64 K?E0+8 HA/;40/. L4-5/ 1 .1616 64 ,49, ? -;16/ 94:+,+ ;/-
,+6/0:0/ 1>A+./ .16+ -? 3,4254: /0/A+=/, 3,+54, 64 + :,/0-3101;/B/ 5/7+64 ?
314=+6?. " 21. -4 ? B40+5 31;,<+0-.+5 -A164;+5/ 3,431=0/6? ;4,>/A0+ :,/71;+
5/7+64, /.M+10/A0+ 0/-:/;D/6? 2/ 31-:164 -.,+;401 -;4 21. 34-5/ :,/64, <:1 -?
+ B404 /0/A+=4 31./=/A4.
$567&+ %+7(: :,/2+M+10/A0/ .?A:?,/ H,>/, >+D4, A+,-./ 0/,120/ 34-5/,
5/7+6/, 1>,42

J>+,./ A+,-.+8 0/,120+8 34-/5/ F?./ H:4G/01;+C/ */,/N+C/1 1>+A?64

-:+81;+5/ .16+ ?./=?6? 0/ ,/=A+9+:4 G?0.M+64 + =0/94B/ >+D/ + ,/-:+B/
? :,/2+M+10/A016 .?A:?,+ H,>/2 + 2,?7+8 6?E01-A1;40-.+8 0/,12/ + =/-
6420+M/ 1>?8;/C40+8 B154, ?3?C?6?C+ 0/ ;/E01-: G+:10+5-.17 .12/ ? 2/-
:15 .?A:?,015 1.,?E4B? Me@? 34-5/5/ .164 ".1540:/,+<?" ;4,1;/B/ ?
5/7+6-.? 51C >+D/ 0/A/=+ -4 6420/ ? .1616 2,/7+, +5/6?C+ 0/ ?5? 31540?:/
-;16-:;/ GA1,4, /A+ + 5/7+6? ./1 -,42-:;1 =/ 3,+21>+6/B4 D?>/;+ ?13<:43,

1
;24 -4 5+-A+ 0/ .B+74 A+,-.+8 0/,120+8 34-/5/ :=;. 2,?717 I49.17 +=2/-
B/ (H$L I), ),E/;017 +=2/B/ (H$L V) + =>+,.? 34-/5/ .16? -? += F?.1;+8 ,?-
.13+-/ 3,+,42+A+ + 1>6/;+A+ FA/2/0 $42+C + O+;15+, PA/2401;+C (H$L, I).
2
>+D? + B471;+5 G?0.M+6/5/ ? 0/,120+5 34-5/5/: H1G,+C 1990; (/6./01;+C
4, 1994; */,/01;+C 1996, 691-698; */,/01;+C 2004, 69-76; */,/01;+C 2009, 19-48.
3
L12 5/7+615 -4 +0/94 312,/=?54;/: "31.?</6 2/ -4 ?31:,4>+ +=;4-0/ 51C,
3151C? 31-:?3/./ =/ .164 -4 ;4,?64 2/ +5/6? 0431-,42/0 + /?:15/:-.+ ?:+M/6 0/
1104 J K% *%!%$ F"Q

0/-:16+ 2/ +=A49+ -;16? ;1D40? 12 D?>/;0+8 6/2/, =/:+5 2/ 64 0/;424 2/

=/;1A+ B47/ +, 0/ .,/6?, 2/ 5? 21@4, 2/ -4 - B+5 D?>+. L4-5/ ? M4A+0+
7A/-+ 1;/.1: '=1,+, P/,1, ,/;0+04, / R4 31-+6 -;164 6/21;4: / %.1 :+ 0+.04
E?: 04;40, / ';40+, 2?<1 =/ 50154; / %.1 :+ 0+.04 >1-+D/., / )1@+ 5+ >1-
-/ 31 01C+; / %.1 :+ 0+.04 D?>+M/, / S?>+C451 -4 21;494.4 (H$L I: >,.
644). " ;4C ?;120+ -:+81;+, ? .16+5/ -4 6?0/. 1>,/C/ ;1D4016, 7,/@40+ -?
0/ 3,/-:/,16 G1,5?A+, 1>A+.1;/016 0/ ,4940+9016 -:,?.:?,+ 9+6? 1-01;?
9+04 +534,/:+;5 + ;1./:+;.6
;/.;4 G1,5?A4 +0/94 -? -4 94-:1 .1,+-:+A4 ? 5/7+6-.+5 31-:?3M+-
5/, 1201-01 ? >/-5+7, .1615 -? -4 +-M4A+:4D+ 1>,/C/A+ 24510? >1A4-:+
0/-:164C+ 2/ 1;A/2/6? B+54, :,/E4C+ 2/ 1-:/;+ 1>1A4A178, +A+ -? 12 ;+-
<4 -+A4 31.?</;/A+ 2/ 21>+6? 3151C =/ 1-A1>/@/B4 12 ,/=A+9+:+8 2451-
0/ + B+5/ +=/=;/0+8 =/A/.9
%0/A170/ G1,5?A/ .1,+-:+A/ -4 + ? D?>/;016 5/7+6+10, ./1 + ? 34-5+
? .1616 -4 6?0/. 1>,/C/ 2,/716 -:+815: !"#$, %&#", 0(-1!14, + 0/ 1;/6 0/-
9+0 -4 - B15 21;12+ ? +0:4,/.:+;0+ 1201- .16+ C4 -4 ? E4D+ + 0/54,+

91;4./, 0/ 3,+,12? + 0/ >1E/0-:;1" (Kevendiš 1979, 17). S?>/;015 5/7+615 ?=

3151C :4 -+A4 0/-:16+ -4 +=/=;/:+ E4D40/ 3,1540/, 2/ -4 =/ -4>4 ;4E4 24;16-
.//515/. (!/240.1;+C 1984, 98), <:1 64 ? 34-5+ -A?9/6.
4
L4-5/ -4 ? F?.1;o6 =>+,M+ 0/A/=+ ? 7,?3+ 2)3(-1+ ! /0)4+ 0($"!51+ 6+1&'+
78+&9+ + 3,;+ 3?: 64 1>6/;D40/ ? $HL I, >,. 644, ;+2+: H$L I, 726.
5
' 1-01;+ 5/7+6-.17 312-:+M/6/ 0/A/=+ -4 1;A/2/;/B4 + =/31;42/B4 (Kevendiš
1979, 17), / ? D?>/;016 5/7+6+ 94-:1 -4 .1,+-:+ + 21=+;/B4 (!/240.1;+C 1984,
101), 945? ? 31:3?01-:+ 1271;/,/ ;1./:+;-./ G1,5/ .1615 -4 -A?E+ 6?0/. 34-54.
6
L1,42/. ;1./:+;/ + +534,/:+;/ ? ,4940+M+ +0/94 -4 51E4 54B/:+. )/:/
-:,?.:?,/ 64 >/6/A+9./ +, ./.1 -5/:,/ !. K/.1>-10, 3,/-:/,/ (Jakobson 1966, 292).
7
;/.1 -4 ? >/-5+ 1>,/C/ >1A4-:+, +A+ ;+<16 -+A+, ? 1>A+.?: E4D4, 51A>4,
3,4:B4, 0/,42>4 (!/240.1;+C 1996, 74). ;15 3,+A+.15 3,47A42/01 64 3,4.1
<4-:1 >/-5+ .164 64 3?>A+.1;/1 S. !/240.1;+C (!/240.1;+C 1982: >,. 54, 59, 79,
86, 112, 122, 129, 142, 173, 202, 205, 207, 212, 213, 215, 222, 229, 231, 235, 236,
240, 247, 258, 264, 266, 269, 270, 281, 290, 307, 309, 310, 311, 312, 314, 317- 319,
324, 333, 341, 342, 346, 348, 351, 355, 358, 359, 361, 363, 366, 368, 370, 371-373,
377, 378, 381, 387, 389, 492, 395, 396, 398, 414- 416, 418, 419, 421-425, 428, 429,
433, 434, 438, 441, 442, 443, 450, 452, 453, 465, 467, 468, 470, 482, 486, 488, 492,
493, 502. 504, 519, 522, 523, 525 532, 534, 535, 537, 539, 546, 547, 563, 571, 572,
580, 582- 588, 593, 595, 597, 599- 609, 613, 616, 618, 620, 622, 623, 624, 626-630).
8
J/ +A?-:,/M+6? -4 0/;124 3,+54,+: *)+,) -#".$ 1!$ 7#*#:! (3,45/ !/-
240.1;+C 1996, 28-29), /!0&,), 1#&,),/ ;)8 *! 9+&*# 1!8+,/ /0$ - 2"#- $+"+1)
(3,45/ !/240.1;+C 1996, 26), 3,-, 1$4), #'(9+1!5+ (!/240.1;+C 1982, >,. 215)
9
"A?-:,/:+;0+ 3,+54,+: 56&,($ 7-8), 3'),$9 :"'&(),/ ;)7& 8$ 3 26&')
8-7& ",<&() (!/240.1;+C 1982, >,. 312).
10
$/ 3,+54,: = -,"#4), 7# <#4) 8)1(5+,/ >"?$ 8$ (& 3&(/ = '(6! 9! 9#4 &)-
>+1#4 (3,45/ !/240.1;+C 1996, 174)

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, n. s. Vol. 7. Is. 4 (2012)

 "'J !", P%! , !%F$"$T" – R!%$HL $ F%UT P%#"KT ' L TJ"K' 1105

12,E/;/:+ 21 .,/6/, <:1 + 64-:4 1-01;0/ +0:40M+6/ 31<+D/1M/ 5/7+6-.17

:4.-:/.11
"0M+6/A0+5 +-./=15, 2/.A4, 1:.,+;/ -4 3,+,12/ 0/,/:1,/ ./1 31:40-
M+6/A017 +=A49+:4D/, 5/0+3?A/:1,/ + 31-,420+./ +=54@? 2,/74 + =4-
5D412, / ? 0/-:/;.? + =0/AM/ >?2?C01-:+13, ./1 + 5/6-:1,/ ? 9/,1A+6/5/ +
,49+5/, 1201-01 ? 314=+6+ + 34-5+.14
0, 313?: >/6/A+M4, ? +-./=? /,:+.?A+-/015 ? +534,/:+;01-;1./:+;016
G1,5+, ?9+15 -;16? ;1D40? ./.1 2/ -4 1-A1>12+ 6/2/, -/;4:?64 616 2/ +8 7#-
&+8+, 1201-01 3,42/ =45D+ <:1 64 +0/94, -5/:,/A1 -4, 24A1:;1,0/ 5/7+6-./
,/2B/ =/ =/21>+6/B4 D?>/;+16, / =/:+5 616 ./E4 2/ -/94./, 2/ ;+2+ <:/ C4
-4 24-+:+. L,+ :154, 0/,/;01, 04 :,4>/ =/045/,+:+ 9+B40+M? 2/ 64 =/ 24A1-
:;1,01-: ,/2B+ 1 .16+5/ 64 ,49 041381201 04 -/51 =0/B4, ;4C 64 1-:;/,4B4
?-A1;D401 54@?-1>015 -/,/2B15 5?<.4 + E40-.4 -:,/04, <:1 D?>/;+ +
2/64 51C, /A+ ?-A1;01-: ?:+94 + 0/ 04=/;,<01-: 3,+94 + 1:;a,/ 64 =/ "2134-
;/;/B4", <:1 64 =/ 34-54 1;17 :+3/ +0/94 ./,/.:4,+-:+901.
';120+5 -:+81;+5/ ?3?C?64 -4, 2/.A4, 0/ 31:,4>? 1-:;/,+;/B/ ;4=4
-/ =45D15 .16/ 64, 3,45/ 3,/-:/,+5 ;4,1;/B+5/, -5/:,/0/ 3,/,12+:4D-
.15, +=;1,15 E+;1:/ + -;4.1A+.4 3A1201-:+.17 % :/.1@4 -4 ;4,1;/A1 + 2/
=45D/ 51E4 ? -4>4 2/ 3,+5+ >1A4-: + -:,/;? (-:,/8)18, <:1 64 +-./=/01 +

11
1;/.;15 ;+2? .15?0+./M+64: Jakobson 1966, 292.
12
P/7+6/ 0/-:o6+ 2/ 1;A/2/ 0/:3,+,120+5 ?:+M/6+5/ + 2/ 3,1+=;424 E4D401. "'
5/7+6+, /.1 -4 31-:?3/ 31 1271;/,/6?C+5 3,/;+A+5/, ,4=?A:/: C4 -4 31-:+C+: /.1 04,
102/ :1 =0/9+ 2/ -4 0+-? 31<:1;/A/ 3,13+-/0/ 3,/;+A/" (Kevendiš 1979, 17-18).
13
F4,1;/A1 -4 2/ 5/71;+ + 9/,1>B/M+ =0/6? >?2?C01-: (Kevendiš 1979, 35-36).
P/7+6-.1 =0/B4 1;4 ;,-:4 54@? HA1;40+5/ 64 3,/-:/,1 + 3,45/ 3+-/0+5 -31540+-
M+5/ 51E4 -4 3,/:+:+ 12 <4-:17 ;4./ (3,45/ H) I 1995, 482). ' -,3-.16 + 6?E01-
-A1;40-.+5 :,/2+M+6/5/ 1;1 =0/B4 0/694<C4 64 3,+3/2/A1 E40/5/, /A+ -? 31-:16/-
A+ + 5?<./,M+ .16+ -? -4 B+54 >/;+A+ (!/240.1;+C 1996, 16), 3/ -4 51E4 -5/:,/-
:+ 2/ 34-5/ ? 1;15 24:/D? 3,42-:/;D/ ,4GA4.- ?1>+9/6404 5/7+6-.4 3,/.-4.
14
H;+5 1;+5 =0/B+5/ </5/0-.4 3,+,124, ? 0/?M+ -4 -5/:,/ 2/ ,/-31A/E?
;,/94;+ (Kevendiš 1979, 19-20). $/631=0/:+6+ 9/,1>B/.-34-0+. ? +-:1,+6+ M+;+-
A+=/M+64 ;4,1;/:01 64 >+1 ,G46. F+2+ Kevendiš 1979, 35.
15
J0/B/ .16+5/ 0/,/:1, ,/-31A/E4 1-:/A/ -? =/ 7,/0+M/5/ 34-54, /A+ -4 312-
,/=?54;/6?.
16
H46/B4 64 ?1>+9/640/ ,/2B/ ? D?>/;0+5 ;,/9/B+5/ + >/6/B+5/. )4;16./ 64,
:/.1, ?19+ I1E+C//V?,@4;2/0/ -46/A/ -454 3,1-/ +A+ A/0/, +=71;/,/6?C+ 51A>?
2/ 616 21@4 -?@40+ (!/240.1;+C 1984, 101).
17
:154 64 50171 3+-/01 (";/01; + R131,1; 1965, 10-102; P$P I 1987,
466-476; V/31;+C 1995).
18
=45D+ ./1 542+6/:1,? + 04?:,/A+=/:1,?: V/31;+C 1995, 235-243. ;24
>+ :/.1@4 :,4>/A1 +5/:+ 0/ ?5? 3,42-:/;? =45D4 ./1 5/6.4 + 3,/,12+:4D.4
(";/01; + R131,1; 1965, 101-102), .1616 -4 6?0/. +02+,4.:01 1>,/C/ =/ 3151C.
J45D/ 64, +0/94, 3,4.1 3,42-:/;4 1 #,151;0+.? .16+ 64 13A1@?64 ;4=/0/ =/ .?A:

?*1#(1*0#7#"#@'! 70#3"+9!, 1. &. 4#/. 7. &-. 4 (2012)

1106 J K% *%!%$ F"Q

>/-5/5/19, 3/ 0+64 041>+901 <:1 + 6?0/. 12 B4 194.?64 2/ >?24 04?:,/A+-

=/:1, >1A/ ;1D404 1-1>4, 1201-01 0/-:16+ 2/ 5/7+6-.+5 3?:45 =/ 2,/7?
1>4=>42+ 1-A1>/@/B4 12 D?>/;04 >1A4-:+ +A+ 2/ 64 :,/0-G1,5+<4 ?
-:;/,/A/9.1 0/94A1.
)/ 64 ? G1,5?A? +0.1,31,+,/01 ;4,1;/B4 1 51C+ =45D4 2/ /3-1,>?64
047/:+;0? 404,7+6? 31:;,@?6? + 04./2/ ,/-3,1-:,/B404 ,+:?/A04 ,/2B4
+-31;42/B/ =45D+ (";/01; + R131,1; 1965, 102). R/2 -4 .13/A/ ,?3/, 0/2
B? -4 0/7+B/A1 + 71;1,+A1: =&7#-+/(9 *! &+, :01( $+92# ! $+"+1( *0(-#
(V/31;+C 1995, 241), + 0/ :/6 0/9+0 -4>+ 1A/.</;/A1, ./1 <:1 64 :1 ?9+-
0+1 + 6?0/. 3,+94 1 M/,? R,16/0? - .1=6+5 ?<+5/20, 9+6+ 64 31-:?3/. 31
-;45? /0/A17/0 31:40M+6/A015 24A1;/B? 6?0/.+B4 34-54. H/51 <:1 -4 ?
1;15 -A?9/6? 71;1,+ 1 0/-:16/B? 2/ -4 D?>/;0+ 8(/! 3,4:;1,4 ? 31=+:+;0/
1-4C/B/, .16/ C4 31;4=/:+ =/D?>D404, 21. 6?0/. 3,+94 -;16? :/60? 31;4,/;/
=45D+ E4A4C+ 2/ 64 -/.,+64, 9+54 -4 B471;/ /.:+;01-: =/;,</;/.
*1A+.1 64 =45D/ 31 -:/,+5 ;4,1;/B+5/ 6/. 04?:,/A+=/:1, + 51E4 0/
-4>4 2/ 3,+5+ >1A4-: 31:;,@?6? + ,/2B4 ?>/2/B/ 3,4254:/ ? B?, 3,+A+-
.15 >/6/B/ 12 70#3(/(, +A+ .12 +-:4,+;/B/ &*0(-+ (P15+,1;+C 1936,
67). I/6/A+M/ :/.1@4 - +-:15 0/54,15 5/0+3?A+<4 =45D15, 21. >/64 #/
9!:!1+, 21:+9?C+ >1A01 54-:1 >,?-15, / =/:+5 7/ -:/;D/6?C+ ? B? (P+-
A+C4;+C 1894, 265). "-:1 :/.1, .12 >/6/B/ #/ 7(/(-!:+, ?>/2/1 -4 ? =4-
5D? 7A171; .1A/M + :15 3,+A+.15 >,16/A1 -4 12 642/0 21 1-/524-4:, 2/ -4
>1A4-: 1:4,/ + 04 ;,/:+ 1-/524-4: 712+0/ (P+A+C4;+C 1894, 291). *1A/M
-4 -:/;D/1 ? =45D? + /.1 >+ -4 316/;+A/ ./.;/ 43+245+6/, :/2 -4 71;1,+-
A1: A# '#:( /#@"( (3#"+&*!), ( '#"(: 1+ 70+@"(, 1!*! 9#8#8 ')B! /#&7+"(
(P+A+C4;+C 1894, 309). H:17/ -4 0/ 34-5? 51E4 7A42/:+ ./1 0/ -;164;,-
-0? >/6/A+9.? G1,5?A?, .16/ 64 517A/ >+:+ 3,/C40/ 13+-/015 ,/2B15,
+A+ 64 10/ -/51 31 /0/A170+5 0/94A+5/ 7,/@40/.
$/ ;4=? 5/7+64, =45D4 + E404 :/.1@4 ?3?C?64 9+B40+M/ 2/ -? -4 24;16-
.4 ? D?>/;0+5 >/6/B+5/ 1>,/C/A4 =45D+ ,49+5/: C01( $+92!:+, 7# <#4)
9(85!:+ (3,45/ !/240.1;+C 1982, >,. 572, >,. 583 + 1996, 112), 0/-:164C+
2/ 64 ?5+A1-:+;4 ./.1 >+ +5 31517A/ 2/ 21@? 21 ;1D4017, <:1 ?./=?64 0/
51:+;+-/01-: 31:,4>4 =/ -;164;,-015 .15?0+./M+615 - B15 ? 34-5+.

3A1201-:+ + E40? (";/01; + R131,1; 1965, 10-102; P$P I 1987, 466-476; V/-
31;+C 1995), 3/ -81201 :154 + =/ >/6/B/ + D?>/;0? 5/7+6? (!/240.1;+C 1984,
93). % ./.1 -5/:,/ S. !/240.1;+C "M4A1.?30/ 5/7+6/ 1.,40?:/ [64] 8:10-.15 -;4-
:?" (!/240.1;+C 1984,93).
19
*/1: . 70!@*+-! & 0#$4"(-),/ ;! $0$ - !)89-, +A+: .*0(-( - !)89- (3,4-
5/ !/240.1;+C 1996, 112).
20
F+2+ 51017,/G+6? P. I1<.1;+C-H:?A+ (BoškoviW-Stulli 1967). >+9/6 +--
31;42/B/ =45D+, 3,45/ -;4219/0-:;+5/ += 14. ;4./, >+1 64 31=0/: .12 01;71,12-
-.+8 64,4:+./, -:,+71D0+./. % ? -,3-.16 :,/2+M+6+ E40? .16? >+ ?8;/:+A+ ? ;,/-
9/B? :4,/A+ -? 2/ -4 +-31;42+ =45D+ (3,45/ HP 2001, 198).

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, n. s. Vol. 7. Is. 4 (2012)

 "'J !", P%! , !%F$"$T" – R!%$HL $ F%UT P%#"KT ' L TJ"K' 1107

),?7+5 ,49+5/, ? 1015 <:1 2,/7+ ./E4 ",/9?0/" -4 0/ /3-1,>?6?C? + 04-

?:,/A+=?6?C? -0/7? =45D4, /A+ -4 194.?64 + 2/ 10/ (./1 ? 3,+9+ 1 M/,4;+5
.1=6+5 ?<+5/), "?=;,/:+" 0+M/B45 12,4@40+8 >+D/.//>+D.4 ?= 3151C
.16+8 C4 -4 E4D401 1-:;/,+:+.
' 31:;,2? 3,4:31-:/;M+ ? ;4,1;/B4 1 5/7+6-.16 -3,4=+ E404, =45D4 + ;4-
74:/M+64, 0/ 9+6? -4 24A1:;1,01-: ? :,16-:;? ",/9?0/" + 1 945? 2,/7+ 31-4-
2?64 31:,4>0/ =0/B/, 71;1,+ + 9+B40+M/ 2/ -4 ? 34-5+ 315+B? :,+ >+D.4,
<:1 64 /0/A1701 ?1>+9/64016 3,/.-+ >/6/B/ -/ :,+ :,/;4 (R?M/.1; + *04E4-
;+C 1960, 84).21 % ./.1 >,16 :,+ ? :,/2+M+10/A016 .?A:?,+ 1=0/9/;/ 501-
E+0? + 501<:;1, + 5/7+6-.+ 64 >,16 0/6;+<47 ,42/, :1 -? + >/6/B/ 31 3,/-
;+A? +=;1@40/ :,+ 3?:/22, ? 34-5+ -4 31 /0/A17+6+ - >/6/B45 0/71;4<:/;/6?
+ :,+ 517?C01-:+ =/ 0+M/B4 :,+ ;,-:4 =/ 2/:? 3,+A+.? +=/>,/017 >+D/.23
),/717 + 24;16.? 3,4.1 =45D4 C4 -642+0:+ (./.1 :1 6?0/. 34-54 194.?-
64) 04;40, >1-+D/. +/+A+ D?>+M/, :,+ M;4:/ .16/ >+ += B4 517A/ +=0+.0?-
:+.24 L,+ :154 -? 517?C01-:+ .164 -4 2/6? ?-A1;04 (+-./=/01 ;4=0+.15:
('#), <:1 64 /0/A1701 + ?-A1;01-:+5/ ? D?>/;016 5/7+6+.25 )/.A4 :? -4,
./1 + ? 5/7+6-.16 G1,5?A+, .16? 6?0/. -;/./.1 +5/ 0/ ?5?, 194.?64 -/,/2-
B/ - ;+<15 -+A15 .16/ >+ 0/ ,/2B? :,4>/A1 2/ ?:+94 + ?-54,/;/ 64, 0/-
,/;01 312 ?-A1;15 2/ + 24;16./ -/,/@?64, ./.1 616 -4 :1 + 0/A/E4.
$4;40, E?:4D, 3,-:409/M, 17B/M (Calendula officinalis), .16+ 0/6/;D?64
5/7+6-.1 =/31-42/B4 D?>/;0+5 1-4C/B45, -:+81;+5/: D'# *! 1!'1+ 6)*
1+-+1,/ E-+1!, /)@# $( 91#9+, .16+ -4 0/-A/B/6? 0/ 1>,4201-5/7+6-.?
3,/.-? >,/B/ >+D/ ? I1.+ 1 ";/02/0?, ./2 -4 71;1,+A1: D 1+-+1(, /( 9)
(!"! /( 8#8) &0:+ -+1+ (F,94;+C 1888, 43), >+D./ 64 9+64 64 A4.1;+:1, A?-
-:,/:+;01 + 5/7+6-.1 246-:;1 ;4.1;+5/ .1,+<C401 (H1G,+C 1990, 168-
169; (/6./01;+C 4, 1994, 154)26 – ? ;4=? -/ E4015 + >,/.15 21;2+ -4 +

21
' +;/B-.+5 +-:1901-A1;40-.+5 34-5/5/ :,+ ;4<:+M4 (.164 -? +0/94 >+A4
31;4=/04 - >,/B45 A4.1;+:17 >+D/) 517? :/.1@4 >+:+ 31;4=/04 - :,+ ;,-:4 >+D/:
";/04, ";/<40X.?, / $4 34,4812X 21,1E40X.?... / J,1>AY Z :1>i ? :,48 =4AXZ8 /
[ Z. ?>X4<X, 3181;/[ 5Z04! / (3,45/ ";/01; + R131,1; 1974, 235).
22
R1 +A?-:,?64 >/6/A+9.+ :4.-:: F( *0!7)* 0+'#G, *+3+ #/9('#G,/ F( #7+*
/#>#G, *+3+ 1+ 1(>#G (!/240.1;+C 1996, 1, 334).
23
I,16/B4 64, +0/94, 94-:1 .1,+<C401 ? D?>/;016 5/7+6+ (!/240.1;+C 1984, 95).
24
;1 1271;/,/ 94-:15 .1,+<C4B? >+D/ ? D?>/;016 5/7+6+ (";/01; + R131-
,1; 1975, 234-235; H) I, 485; H) II, 156; !/240.1;+C 1984, 95, 110-111).
25
$/ 3,+54,: @7" 7+0:+ -+$(1# $"(*1!9 @!'#9 !$0(&*+ /# )8)*0) -+B+, #1/(
&+ -+0)8+ /( B+ &+ &0+B1# ! 3#4(*# )/(*!; &7" 3)/+ -+B+ #1# -+$(1# #3!51!9 '#1-
:+9, )/(B+ &+ $( &!0#*!H) (3,45/: !/204.1;+C 1984, 122). F+2+ 61< 3,+54,/:
P+6?<.1;+C, 3,45/ !/240.1;+C 1984, 123-130.
26
' :,/2+M+10/A016 .?A:?,+ ?5+;/ -4 B+54 ?19+ V?,@4;2/0/ ((/6./01;+C 4,
1994, 154). $4;4-:/ 2101-+ -;154 5?E? ? .+:+ M;4C/ 04;40/, 2/ >+ ;40?1 =/ B15
(3,45/ (/6./01;+C 4, 1994, 154).

?*1#(1*0#7#"#@'! 70#3"+9!, 1. &. 4#/. 7. &-. 4 (2012)

1108 J K% *%!%$ F"Q

=>17 -;17 >A/71:;1,017 24A1;/B/ 0/ ?,4@+;/B4 540-:,?/A017 M+.A?-/.27

P/7+6-./ 24A1:;1,01-: 04;40/ ? 34-5+ 51E4 -4 1>6/-0+:+ + /-1M+6/:+;-
015 ;4=15 B471;17 0/=+;/28 + 1-1>+015 -;/.4 >+D.4 2/ ;404, :4 24;169+-
017 -:/B/, .13B4B/, ;4B4B/ (-A/>D4B/ 17,/0+=5/ =>17 D?>/;017 >1A/).
" >1-+D/., G/-A+@40, 5/-A+@/0 (Ocimum basilicum), 2,?7/ >+D./ +=
34-54, 12/;01 -4 .1,+-:+1 ? 542+M+0+, ? A?-:,/:+;04 + /31:,1346-.4
-;,84, ? 1>,42016 3,/.-+ + 3,+A+.15 >/6/B/ (H1G,+C 1990, 29-32; (/6./-
01;+C 4, 1994, 36-43; HP 2001, 133), 1 ";/02/0? -4 :/.1@4 >,/1 ./2 -4 71-
;1,+A1: <#&!#'( /( 9' 1+ &9+B+ & #'( (F,94;+C 1888, 43), / + >/6/A+M4 21.
-? A49+A4 ? ,?M+ 3104./2 2,E/A4 >1-+D/. (H) I 1995, 133), 12/.A4 -;/./-
.1 31:+94 + "?31:,4>/" 1;4 >+D.4 ? 34-5+. ' D?>/;016 + ? >,/9016 5/7+-
6+ 64 1>+A/:1 .1,+<C4029 64, -4 -5/:,/A1 2/ B471; 5+,+- +=/=+;/ D?>/;
(H1G,+C 1990, 32). )/.A4 31 /0/A17+6+ -/ -;16-:;15 >+D.4, >1-+D/. >+,
./.1 2,/7+ + ./E4, :,4>/A1 2/ +=/=1;4 D?>/; + D?>/;01 A?2+A1, <:1 64
+-./=/01 -:+81;+5/: %.1 :+ 0+.04 >1-+D/., / )1@+ 5+ >1-/ 31 01C+, .164
64 5/7+6/, -5/:,/A1 -4, 3,1+=;12+A/.30 I1-+D/., 0/,/;01, "-A?:+" + 0/ >,/.,
<:1 64 ? .10:4.-:? +0:4,3,4:/M+64 1;4 34-54 + B40+8 ;/,+6/0:0+8 1>A+./
31-4>01 ;/E01 31540?:+.
R,4C/ >+D./ D?>+M/, D?>+9+M/, G+1A+M/, 54A4.?</, ;+1A/, ;+1A+M/
(Viola odorata), ?31:,4>/D/;/0/ 64 :/.1@4 ? :,/2+M+10/A016 542+M+0+ + ?
B40? -4 D?>/;0? 51C + 5/7+6-.? >,/90? 24A1:;1,01-: 12 2/;0+0/ ;4,1;/-
A1 ((/6./01;+C 1994, 146). 0/ C4 -316+:+ 2,/717 + P/,? 31D?3M45, 4,1:-
-.+5 212+,15 .16+ 64 :/.1@4 -/-:/;0+ 241 ,4=?A:/:/ D?>/;04 5/7+64.31

27
http://sr.wikipedia.org/sr/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%28
%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%29; - 3,+3/2/6?C15 A+:4,/:?,15.
28
F4,1;/B4 ? ;4=? +=54@? +540/, 1=0/940+8 -:;/,+ + >+C/ 6420/ 64 12 3,4:-
31-:/;.+ 5/7+6-.1-5+:-.4 -;4-:+ (Kasirer 1972, 4). K4=+. + 5/7+6/ ,49+ +=?=4:01
-? 6/.1 -,42-:;1 51C+ (Kevendiš 1979, 22-23). R1 2/0/- 31./=?64 ?31:,4>/ + =A1-
?31:,4>/ :480+9.+8 -,42-:/;/ 5/-1;0+8 .15?0+./M+6/, .16/ 31:;,@?6? 043,1-
540D+;1-: D?2-.4 3,+,124.
29
R/.1 -? :./0+M4 .16+5/ 64 -;4.,;/ 13/-+;/A/ 5A/2? >+A4 1.+C404 >1-+D-
.15 (HTJ, 19, 1913, 166, 3,45/ (/6./01;+C 4, 1994, 37). )4;16.4 -? ;,/9/A4 B+54
1 ?2/6+, 01-+A4 7/ 312 3/=?815 2/ >+ +8 515M+ ;1A4A+. $4;4-:/ 64 3,17A42/;/A/
5A/21E4B? .,1= ;40/M 12 >1-+D./ + 31254<+;/A/ 64 B+54 8A4> .16+ >+ 616 5?E
641, 2/ >+ 64 ;1A41 (H) I 1995, 133 ). F4=/01-: >1-+D./ =/ -;/2>? 4;+240:0/ 64 ?
-:+81;+5/ -;/:1;-.+8 34-5/, ./1: H/2 -4 H5+D/ -;/:1;+5/ 0/2/ / F/=2/0 2/0/-
?A+M? 9+-:+A/, / L1 ?A+M+ -40+M4 3,/;+A/ / L1 -40+M/ >1-+D/. -46/A/ / $/ K1;+-
0? -,4C? 0/540+A/ / %.1 >?24 21>,4 -,4C4 K1;/ / I1-+D/. C4 61< - ;494,/ 0+C+ /
' 3101C+ 21 2;/ 34,/ >+:+ / % ? =1,? -;/:1;4 .+:+:+ ()/0+M/, 3,45/ */,/01;+C
1990, >,. 16). H:/;D/A+ -? 7/ ? 04;4-:+0? 124C? (H) I, 131-133).
30
"=54@? 1-:/A17 5/7+6-.+5 3?:45 -4 +=/=+;/A1 A?2+A1 (Kevendiš 1979, 51).
31
\+D 5/7+64 64 + 2/ 31:3151704 3A1201-: (Kevendiš 1979, 21).

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, n. s. Vol. 7. Is. 4 (2012)

 "'J !", P%! , !%F$"$T" – R!%$HL $ F%UT P%#"KT ' L TJ"K' 1109

)1;1@4B4 ? 54@?-1>0+ -45/0:+9.+ + -+0:/.-+9.+ 3/,/A4A+=/5 04;40/,

>1-+D./ + D?>+M4 ?-A1;D401 64, 2/.A4, 9+B40+M15 2/ -? 31540?:4 >+D.4
A4.1;+:4, 2/ -4 12 2/;0+0/ 3,+54B?6? ? +-M4A+:4D-.16 3,/.-+, :4 2/ -? -4
?31:,4>D/;/A4 ? A?-:,/:+;04 + /31:,1346-.4 -;,84, ./1 + 2/ -? .1,+<C4-
04 ? 5/7+6-.4 -;,84.32 R1 -? >+D.4 "<+G,4 51C+" + 6?0/. 34-54, 0/,/;01,
? :1 +5/ ?;+2/.33
"=151,G01-: -45/0:+.4 + G?0.M+64 >+D/./, 1201-01 B+81;+8 .121;/
? .?A:?,+ +, -81201 :154, ? 34-5+ "3,12?>D40/" 64, 2/D4, 4:+51A1<.15
G+7?,15, 1201-01 0+=15 4:+51A1<.+8 3/,/A4A+=/5/, .16+ B+81;? -3,4-
7? +0:40=+;+,/6?. L/ +/.1 /-1M+6/:+;0/ ;4=/, =/-01;/0/ 0/ -A+9015 =;?-
9/B? ,49+ ,/=A+9+:17 =0/94B/34, 51E4 +=7A42/:+ ./1 -A?9/60/ /0/A17+6/,
10/ :1 ? 5/7+6+35 + 314=+6+ 0+./2/ 0+64.36 ),?7+5 ,49+5/, ? G?0.M+6+
"5/7+6-.17 315/7/9/" 0/<A4 -? -4 >+D.4 .164 -4 + =;?.15 -;16+8 0/=+;/
31;4=?6? - 5/0+G4-:/M+6/5/ + 31-:?3M+5/ ;4=/0+5 =/ D?>/;: 04;40 –
)-+1!, >1-+D/. – /#>! 9! 3#&(, D?>+M/ – 2)3!B+9# &+.
%A+ ./.1 04.+ 12 0/>,16/0+8 31-:?3/./ 0+-? -1M+6/A01 .12+,/0+ 31=+-
:+;01, 2/ >+ :1 31-:/A+ 041381201 64 ?;4-:+ 31,12+M? .16/ +8 ,47?A+<4 +
121>,/;/, 1201-01 34-5? 21;4-:+ ? ;4=? - >,/.15, ./1 <:1 64 :1 ? 2,?716
;/,+6/0:+37 9+6/ -4 -:,?.:?,/ + -/2,E+0/ 7,/24 0/ +-:1;4:016 ?;12016 G1,-
5?A+ + /0/A17016 G+:10+5-.16 5/7+6+, /A+ ? .1616 A+. -/;4:0+./ 31-:/64
24;16./38, ? -:+81;+5/: '=1,+ 2,/7+ ,/;0+04, /R4 31-+6 -;164 6/21;4.
L1-:16+, 2/.A4, 517?C01-: .1,+<C4B/ +-:4 G1,5?A4 ? .10:4.-:? ,/=-
A+9+:+8 31A0+8 34,-34.:+;/, 9+54 -4 1517?C/;/ ,/;01:4E/ 24A/B/ 54@?

32
*164 64 64 ? 0/,12016 34-0+9.16 :,/2+M+6+ 3,12?.:+;01 + .1,+-:+ -4 ./1
-,42-:;1 =/ 31;4=+;/B4 31 -A+901-:+. K/.1>-10 1;./.; ;+2 1,7/0+=/M+64 34-0+9-
.17 :4.-:/ 3,10/A/=+ ? ?-54016 +, ./-0+64, 3+-/016 .B+E4;01-:+. 3/,/A4A+=5?
./1 3,/-:/,15 0/9+0? 34-0+9.17 +=,/E/;/B/ + 0/94A? 0/ .1645 314=+6/ 31-:16+
;+2+: Jakobson 1966, 310-314.
33
""540/ 51C+" ?31:,4>D/;/0/ -? ? 5/7+6-.16 3,/.-+ + >/6/A+M4 -? +8 .1,+-
-:+A4 ./1 -;164;,-04 +=;1,4 404,7+64 (Kevendiš 1979, 24).
34
F4,1;/B4 ? 51C ,49+ 64201 64 12 1-01;0+8 5/7+6-.+8 0/94A/ (Kevendiš 1979,
46, 49).
35
>+A/:1 -4 .1,+-:+ ? >/-5+ (!/240.1;+C 1982, 341, 342).
36
"!4A4;/0:01-: -3,47/ =;?. – =0/94B4 3,1-:/ 64 31-A42+M/ 0/217,/@+;/B/
-A+901-:+ 0/ >A+=+0?. #A/-1;0+ -+5>1A+=/5 64 041-31,01 1>64.:+;0/ ,4A/M+6/,
=/-01;/0/ 0/ 316/;016 31;4=/01-:+ ,/=A+9+:+8 9?A0+8 3?:4;/, / 31-4>01 ;+=?4A-
017 + /?2+:+;017 21E+;D/6/" (Jakobson 1966, 316).
37
H. $. )/;+21;+C, .07&'+ 1(0#/1+ 78+&9+ !$ <#&1+, 31 ./=+;/B? -;164 E404,
L/094;1 1884.
38
S?>/;0/ 5/7+6/ +0/94 64 3,4;/-81201 + 3,+3/2/A/ E40/5/ (!/240.1;+C
1984, 93), 3/ -4 3,4:31-:/;D/ 2/ ? 1;15 -47540:? 34-5/ 9?;/ /,8/+90+64 3,42-
-:/;4 12 -;164 /0/A+=+,/04 ">A+=0/.+B4".

?*1#(1*0#7#"#@'! 70#3"+9!, 1. &. 4#/. 7. &-. 4 (2012)

1110 J K% *%!%$ F"Q

5?<.15 + E40-.15 -:,/015, .16/ 64, +0/94, -;4.1A+.+ ?-A1; =/ 1-:;/,4B4

D?>/;+, <:1 +-:1;,45401 ,4A/:+;+=?64 3,4:31-:/;.? 1 /3-1A?:016 3/-+;-
01-:+ E404 ? 3/:,+6/,8/A016 .?A:?,+ + 1:;/,/ 517?C01-: B404 /.:+;+=/-
M+64. %A+, +-:1;,45401, 3,?E/ 517?C01-: 34;/9+5/ + 3,401-+1M+5/ 2/
.,4/:+;01 +0:4,;40+<? ? 31-:164C+ 1>A+. + -/2,E+0?.
' 1;16 34-5+, 3/., -81201 >,16? A+.1;/ .16+ -4 ? B16 6/;D/6?, 31-:16+
<4-: ,/=A+9+:+8 >+D/./, <:1 :/.1@4 1271;/,/ + >,16? .16+ 64 15+D40 ?
>/6/A+9.16 3,/.-+39: %.1 :+ 0+.04 >1-+1., / I1-/ C?, 2,/7+, =/ :1>15; / %.1
:+ 0+.04 /A>/>4,, / "<:+ 54, 2,/7+, 12 >/>4; %.1 :+ 0+.04 ./,/0G+A, /
"<:+ 54, 2,/7+, 12 5/6.4; / %.1 :+ 0+.04 5+A12?;, / "<:+ 54, 2,/7+, 12
>,/:/; /%.1 :+ 0+.04 ,?E+M/, /"<:+ 54, 2,/7+ 12 -4.4, / %.1 :+ 0+.04 04-
;404, / $4 ;40+ 2,/7+ :+ =/ 5015. ()/;+21;+C 1884, >,. 49, 40-41)
%A+ :/6 >,16 +-:1;,45401 1:;/,/ 517?C01-: 2/ -4 31,42 2,/717 + 2,/74
? ,/2B? ?;42? + 9A/01;+ B404 31,12+M4, ,12+:4D+ + >,/: + -4-:,/, :/.1
2/ -4 642+01 0/ 3194:.? + 0/ .,/6? 34-54 >+D.4 ;4=?6? =/ 2;164 5A/2+8,
21. -4 ? B4016 ?0?:,/<B16 -:,?.:?,+ ,4@/6? 9A/01;+ 31,12+M4 (+ :1 31
3,/;+A+5/ .16/ ;A/2/6? ? 3/:,+6/,8/A016 =/6420+M+), .16+ -? 3,/.:+901
12A?9+;/A+ 1 E+;1:? 31642+0/M/, <:1 +8 + 21;12+ ? 54@?-1>0+ 3/,/A4-
A+=/5, ./1 + ? ;4=? - 1271;/,/6?C+5 ;,-:/5/ GA1,4: ('# *! 1!'1+/!@*!
9+.
P4@? >+D./5/ ? 1;16 34-5+ 3,;/ ? 0+=?, >1-+D/., /-1M+,/ ,/2B? /0/-
A170? /0/A+=+,/016 ;/,+6/0:+, 1201-01 71;1,+ 1 +0:40=+:4:? 1-4C/B/ +,
-81201 :154, >?2?C45 310/</B?, 31:;,@?6?C+ + -;16? 5/7+6-.? + 34-0+9-
.1--A+.1;0? G1,5?A/:+;01-: ? 9+616 64 1-01;+ 4:+51A1</ G+7?,/ =;?9/-
B/, - :+5 <:1 1;24 "?9+:4D+M/ 5/7+64" 31-:/64 /.:+;/0 9+0+A/M: D'# *!
1!'1+ 3#&!#',/ <#&( B), /0(4!, $( *#3#9. " 0/ 1;/6 0/9+0 -4 24510-:,+,/
B40/ 215+0/M+6/.
$+E? -4 -:+81;+ ? .16+5/ -4 ,4@/6?: /A>/>4,, ./,/0G+A, 5+A12?; + ,?-
E+M/ .16+ -4, =/:+5, 21;124 ? ;4=? - >,/.15, 9+54 -4 :4E+<:4 =/3A4:/
3,454<:/ - D?>/;017 1201-/ 0/ 31,12+904 ;4=4,40 <:1 1:;/,/ 517?C01-:
3,15404 31=+M+64 34-54 ? E/0,1;-.15 -+-:45?, :/.1 2/ -4 0/ B? 51E4
7A42/:+ ./1 0/ 31,12+90?, +A+ ./1 0/ -;/:1;-.? 34-5?.

39
*/1 <:1 24;16.//515/. -/24 -;164 8(/#-+ 2/ >+ +8 3,+5+A/ =45D/ + 2/ >+
+8 -4 1-A1>12+A+, 194.?6?C+ 2/ +=,/-:4 >+D4, ? D?>/;016 5/7+6+ :/.1@4 -4 .1,+-
-:+ >+D4 (!/240.1;+C 1984, 97). ' >/-5/5/ -4 .1,+-:+ >+D4 =/ +-:4,+;/B4 >1-
A4-:+ (.1013D/ + A/0) .16+5/ -4 0(&*)0(8) 70#3#/! (!/240.1;+C 1982, >,. 331 +
339). "-:1 :/.1: I#8!9 7)*+9 &! /#@"(,/ J1!9 7)*+9 &+ -0(*!;/ F+0 8+ /#@"(
3('( 3(8("!:(,/ I#8( B+ *+ *0(-#9 70+3(:!* (!/240.1;+C 1982, >,. 343).
40
' H,>+6+ -4 0/ /0/A17/0 0/9+0 7/:/A1 1 >,/.?, :/.1 <:1 64 515/. ?=+5/1 ?
,?.? >+D.? 71;1,4C+: K(1#-+*!, $(1#-+*!, 1+9#8 9+ $(1+*!, -+B 9! '(6! '#8)
B) )$+*! (HTJ 1939, 24, 95).

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, n. s. Vol. 7. Is. 4 (2012)

 "'J !", P%! , !%F$"$T" – R!%$HL $ F%UT P%#"KT ' L TJ"K' 1111

%A>/>4,, @?,@4;/., @?,@+M/, @?,@4;/M, <5/,0+M/, >1./,+C (Convalla-

ria majalis), .16+ -4 +0/94 .1,+-:+ ? =;/0+9016 + 0/,12016 542+M+0+ (H1-
G+C 1990, 96-97; (/6./01;+C 1994, 83; http://sr.wikipedia.org/sr/%), 4:+51-
A1<.15 G+7?,15 =;?9/B/, ./1 + ? 3,4:812015 -:+8?, 31;4=/0 64 - 1M45,
3(3#9. )1. -4 2,?715 >+D.15, ./,/5G+A15, ./,/;+D4, 7/,1G/0, ./:54,
(Dianthus caryophyllus), .16/ -4 31;4=?64 - 5/6.15, 0/3?<:/ /-1M+6/:+;0/
;4=/ 31 =;?9/B? + ? G1.?- ?A/=4 A4.1;+:/ -;16-:;/ >+D.4 + ;4,1;/B/ ?
B401 5/7+6-.1 24A1;/B4 0/ E40?41, 9+54 -4 5/6./ + .C4,./ -3,4E? 31
/:,+>?M+6/5/ 3,+3/201-:+ 31A?, / 194.+;/0/ 2+0/5+./ ,+:5/ ?=?,3+,/,
<:1 21;12+ 21 ?-31,/;/B/ ,/2B4, :/.1 2/ -4 -5+-/1 34-54 21 -/517 .,/6/
G1.?-+,/ 0/ 04+=;4-01-: 3,1M4-/ +0+M+6/M+64 ? .1645 -4 1>/ ?94-0+./ ?
,/2B+ 0/A/=4, 31<:1 61< ?;4. 31-:16+ 0+= ?-A1;/ .164 64 041381201 +--
3?0+:+ 2/ >+ -4 -;4 =/;,<+A1 ./.1 :,4>/.42
P+A12?;, -4A40 (Levisticum officina"+)43, :/.1@4 64 >+D./ D?>/;+ + .1-
,+-:+ -4 ? 5/7+6-.+5 31-:?3M+5/ =/ D?>/;, >,/. + 24M? ((/6./01;+C
1994, 183-184), 3/ :4 1201-4 ? 34-5+ +53A+M+:01 + /G+,5+<4 5/7+6-.1-
4:+51A1<.+ .12: 9!"#/)-( /( &+ 9!")8+9#, .16+ A4E+ ? /-1M+6/:+;016
-:,?.:?,+ 1;4 >+D.4, 2/.A4, 31:40M+,/ ;4=? D?>/;0+./ + -?3,?E0+./.
L1,12+904 1201-4, 3/., +0:40=+;+,/ 4.-3A+M+:0/ ;4=/ >,/: – 2,/7+: D'#
*! 1!'1+ 9!"#/)-,/ =@*! 9+ /0(4! #/ 30(*(. $/ 1;/6 0/9+0 -4 -3,4=/B4
9A/01;/ 2;4 31,12+M4, .16+ 3,+3/2/6? +-:16 7404,/M+6+ (2,/7+ + 24;16./;
>,/: + 2,/7+) ?-34<01 12;+6/, <:1 64 0413812/0 ?-A1; =/ 1-:;/,4B4
>,/904 ;4=4, 0/,/;01 ?= 041381201 +0+M+6/M+6-.1 ?-31,/;/B4 .164 64 +
1;24 5/,.+,/01 12-?-:;15 4:+51A1<.4 G+7?,4 =;?9/B/.
" ,?E/, ,1=/, ,oE/, @?A (Rossa), ? ;4,1;/B+5/ 64 M;4: D?>/;+ + .1,+-:+
-4 ? D?>/;0+5 7/:/B+5/ ((/6./01;+C 1994, 4, 179), :/.1 2/ ;4C -/5 B40
31540 24;16.? 21;12+ ? ;4=? - 2,/7+5. !?E/ -4 31;4=?64 + -/ E40-.+5 12-
,/-:/B45, <:1 64 4;+240:01 ? ;,/9/B+5/, 2/ 540-:,?/M+6/ >?24 ?,420/,

41
*/,/0G+A -4 .1,+-:+1 ./1 /31:,13/610, ? 5/7+6+ -4 31;4=?64 -/ -;/2>15,
,1@4B45 ((/6./01;+C 1994 4, 110-111).
42
%.1 64 ,49 1 -;/2>+, +A+ 3,+3,45+ =/ >,/., 102/ 64 ,49 + 1 +0+M+6/M+6+.
+0+M+6/M+6+: ;/0 #4043 2005.
43
' A+:4,/:?,+ -4 3104./2 3,/;+ ,/=A+./ +=54@? -4A40/ (Levisticum officina"+) +
5+A12?8/ (Hyssopus officinlias), .16+ 64 >+1 31=0/: 61< ? >+>A+6-.1 21>/. #,M+ + ]4-
>,46+ -5/:,/A+ -? 5+A12?8 -;4:15 >+D.15, !+5D/0+ -? 7/ .1,+-:+A+ ? 542+M+0+ +
.?A+0/,-:;?, / B+54 -? ./2+A+ + 8,/51;4. (http://zacini.wordpress.com/2010/10/
16/biljka-miloduh). J/>4A4E40/ 64 D?>/;0/ >/-5/ ? .1616 -4 31 -;15 24A1;/B? +--
:+94 -4A40: […] J8, &+"!1+, 3+" 7+"!1+/ .-! *+ $#-) «3+" 7+"!1+»/ F( *+ $#-+9
#9(81!5+/ A( #9(8+@, /( #301+@/ = &-+ 9#9'+ /( 1(-01+@./ .+"!1, /( #/&+"!/ I)-
7!1( /( #*')7!/ D -0(*!'( /( #/-01+/ J/ &-('( $"(, #/ &-('( 1(70(*( (!/240.1-
;+C 1982, >,. 585).

?*1#(1*0#7#"#@'! 70#3"+9!, 1. &. 4#/. 7. &-. 4 (2012)

1112 J K% *%!%$ F"Q

./1 + ? 3,+9+ 1 :154 ./.1 64 >4A/ ,?E/ 31-:/A/ M,;40/44, 3/ -4 1;+5 ;4,1-
;/B+5/ ? 31540?:? -3,47? 21;12+ + 5A/@/ -4-:,//-4./, <:1 64 + +=,49401
=/;,<0+5 -:+815, ? .1645 -4 316/;D?6? 9A/01;+ 31,12+M4.
$/ .,/6? -A424 -:+81;+: %.1 :+ 0+.04 04;404, / $4 ;40+ 2,/7+ :+ =/
5015, / 9+54 -4 -;4 <:1 64 ,49401 ? ;4=+ -/ 31,12+M15 +=01;/ 21;12+ ?
3+:/B4, 31<:1 -? ? .1A+=+6+ 04 -/51 81510+5-.+ 0/>16+ ,49+ (1+-+1, 1+
-+1!) .16+ -+70+G+.?6? 2;/ ,/=A+9+:/ ,4<4B/, + 31;1D/0 + 0431;1D/0
+-812 31 D?>/; + >,/.. % 2;1601-: =/;,<0+M4 31:;,@?64 + A/.1C/ ,+:5/
4:+51A1<.4 G+7?,4 =;?9/B/, ? .10:,/-:?, 134:: 1+ -+1!, -+1!, 9+54 -4
+53A+M+,/ .153A4.-01-: +0+M+6/M+6-.+8 540/ .164 >+ 642+0./ ? 34,+12?
12,/-:/B/ :,4>/A1 2/ -/;A/2/.
' :,4C16 ;/,+6/0:+ 34-54, .16/ -/2,E+ /0/A1704 51:+;4 + >+D.4, + ? M4-
A+0+ 7A/-+ 1;/.1: '=1,+, 2,/7+, ,/;0+04, ,/;0+04, / L/ 31-+6 -;164 6/21;4. /
%.1 :+ 0+.04 /A>/>4,, / "<:+ 54, 2,/7+, ? >/>4; / %.1 :+ 0+.04 /A-./:54,,
/"<:+ 54, 2,/7+, ? 5/6.4; / %.1 :+ 0+.04 5/;A4:/, "<:+ 54 2,/7+ ? >,/:/; /
%.1 :+ 0+.04 E?: 04;40, / $4 ;480+, 2,/7+, :;16/ -/5; / %.1 :+ 0+.04 >1-+-
61., / T:1 54 >1-4 =/ :1>15! / (#,@+C I64A1.1-+C 1896, 3,45/ +=2. 1985: >,.
4, -:,. 60)45 04<:1 64 +=;4-0+6+ 31;1D/0 +-812 5/7+64, 0471 ? 3,4:8120+5.
' 1;16 34-5+ /A>/>4, + /A-./:54, -? ? /-1M+6/:+;016 ;/=+ - >/>15 +
5/6.15, + ?64201 -4 -;16+5 3,4G+.M/M+6/5/ 21;124 ? 54@?-1>0? ;4=? 31
=;?901-:+, +-:1;,45401 +53A+M+,/6?C+ 31:,4>? ?-.A/@+;/B/ -:/;1;/ ,1-
2+:4D/, ./.1 >+ 21 >,/./ ?13<:4 517A1 2/ 21@4. H >,/:15 2,/717 31;4=?64
-4 5/;A(A;)4:/, 5/:+9B/., /,>/,1=/, A+5?0/2/, 5/-:49+0/, 5/:,+., 5/M/
(Melissa officinalis), 9+54 -4 61< 6420/ >+D./ A4.1;+:17 246-:;/, .16/ -4 .1-
,+-:+A/ + ? :,/2+M+10/A016 542+M+0+ (http://sr.wikipedia.org/sr/), +/.1 616
;4=/ - 5/7+6-.15 3,/.-15 0+64 =/3/5C40/, ?;12+ ? B40 .10:4.-:.46 "=?=4:-

44
L)6# 0)9+1(, /(8 *! 9+1! *-#8+ :0-+1!"#, +-# *! 9#8+ 3+"!"# (ZNŽO, 7,
1902, 187). K42/0 12 0/=+;/ =/ 540-:,?/M+6? ? -,3-.15 64=+.? 64-:4 + 0)6(. '
.10:4.-:? -3,474 >+1A1<.4 =,4A1-:+ 24;16.4 + ,?E4 ;4,1;/:01 64 0/-:/A/ + 3,+-
9/ 1 :154 ./.1 64 >4A/ ,?E/ 31-:/A/ M,;40/ ./2 -4 24;16./ ?>1A/ 0/ B40 :,0, 0/
";/02/0/V?,@4;2/0 (HP! 1998, 383). '>12 ,?E+0+5 :,015 /0/A17/0 64 ?>12?
:,015/;,4:4015/+7A15 ?-3/;/04 A431:+M4 (R,01,?E+M/) J/:1 -4 24;16./ -3,450/
=/ ?2/6? + 54:/G1,+=?64 M;4:15 ,?E4, 9+64 64 1>4A4E64 ,?540+A1 .164 64 ? 1;15
.10:4.-:? 4;+240:/0 =0/. ? -:+81;+5/: A+-#85!:+, 0)6!5!:+,/ L)6# 0)9+1(
(H$L I, >,. 590), +A+ ? A/=/,+9.16 34-5+ 24;16M+: J8, :0-+1( @!7'#-!1#,/ M*#
&! 0(1# 7#/0(1!"( (K1M+C 1979, >,. 42). =0/94B+5/ ,?E4 ? :,/2+M+10/A016
.?A:?,+ + 314=+6+ ;+2+ +: */,/01;+C 2008, 19-48.
45
$/ 1;? +=?=4:01 ;/E0? ;/,+6/0:? 34-54 3/EB? 5+ 64 -.,40?A/ R/:6/0/ F?-
61;+C 0/ 945? 616 =/8;/D?645.
46
;/ 34-5/, 54@?:+5, -4-:,? 04 315+B4, + B401 12-?-:;1 31;4=/01 64 - ?5/-
B+;/B45 =0/9/6/ 5A/@47 E40-.17 04?2/:17 9A/0/ ? 3/:,+6/,8/A016 31,12+M+.

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, n. s. Vol. 7. Is. 4 (2012)

 "'J !", P%! , !%F$"$T" – R!%$HL $ F%UT P%#"KT ' L TJ"K' 1113

01-: 31540/ 1;4 >+D.4 ? 34-5+ +-:1;,45401 +53A+M+,/ >,/:1;? 31-4>-

01-:, 21. 64 -4-:,/ ./1 0/65/B4 ;/E/0 G/.:1, 12A?9+;/B/ +=1-:/;D40/.
%0/A17/0 3,1M4- -3,4=/B/ 3,431=0/64 -4 ? 94:;,:16 ;/,+6/0:+ 34-54,
? .1616 -4, ./1 7A/;0+ ?94-0+M+ ? 12A?9+;/B? 1 -?2>+0+ .C4,+, 315+B?
-/51 1:/M + 5/6./, + ?= B+8, :/.1@4, /A>/>4, + /A./:54, (RubiW i fra NuiW
1899). J/;,<0+M/ 34-54, 54@?:+5, ?;12+ 01;? >+D.? <4>16 (Erysimum
cheir) + - B15 ? ;4=+ 2,?7/9+6? 4:+51A1<.1-=;?90? + 5/7+6-.? /-1M+6/-
M+6?: %.1 :+ 0+.0? <45>16+, / ^40?C?, 2,/7+, =/ :1>15.
^4>16 64, =/ ,/=A+.? 12 3,4:8120+8, 7/640/ >+D./. F4,1;/:01 64 ? -,3-
-.? .?A:?,? ?</1 - R?,M+5/, ? 3,1M4-? B404 +-A/5+=/M+64, =/:1 ? 0/6-
-:/,+6+5 -A164;+5/ .?A:?,4 045/ :,/71;/ ?31:,4>4 <4>16/ ? 1>,42?, A?-
-:,/M+6/5/ +A+ =/<:+:+. %A+ 64, >4= 1>=+,/ 0/ :1, ./1 ;415/ M4B40/
?.,/-0/ >+D./ 0/ I/A./0? ? ;/,1<.+5 -,42+0/5/ 21-34A/ + ? 314=+6?, ?
.1616 64 2104.A4 =/8;/C40/ 3,1M4-15 ,+:?/A+=/M+64 + ? 2/:15 .10:4.-:?
/-1M+,/0/ 64 - 5/7+6-.+5 24A1;/B45.
J/ ,/=?54;/B4 34-54, 1201-01 B40+8 ;/,+6/0:0+8 .,?71;/ ?3,/;1 64 +
;/E/0 B40 5/7+6-.+ .12, + ? ;4=+ - :+5 B40 -;/:1;-.+ .10:4.-: +=;1@4-
B/. J/ B? -4, =/64201 - 04.1A+.1 -+:?/M+101 + G?0.M+10/A01 /0/A170+8
3,+54,/, ? =>+,M+ &?.4 #,@+C/-I64A1.1-+C/, ./E4: ,,1;4 364-54 364;/6? -4
=/ M+64A1 ;,+6454 21. -? 3,1-+1M+ ? .?C+", <:1 .153A4.- +-3+:+;/0+8
;/,+6/0/:/, -/2/ ;/0 -;/.4 -?5B4, -3,4E4 ? 1.;+,4 1>,4201-1>+9/604
3,/.-4 ;4=/04 =/ >,/90? 5/7+6?, .16/ 64 04./2/ 51,/A/ >+:+ ;415/ ;/E0/.
$/ ;/E01-: 5/7+6-.+8 =0/B/ + 5/@+6/B/ .12 -.A/3/B/ >,/./ ?3?C?64
9+B40+M/ 2/ 64 =/ ;,454 ;409/B/ ? H,>+6+ 5A/2/ :,4>/A1 2/ ? -4>+ 310/-
;D/ -;4 >/-54 .164 =0/, +A+ >/,45 2/ ? N43? 2,E+ =/3+- - >/-5/5/ (3,45/
H) II 1999, 349). % ? -A?9/6? 2/ -4 1;/.1 0+64 ";409/A/ -/ -;16+5 >/6/-
B45", 04;4-:/ 64 :,4>/A1 2/ 0/ V?,@4;2/0, 3,42 +=A/=/. -?0M/, ?=54 ? ,?-
.? 24;4: 7,/09+M/ -/ ;,>4 + 2/ ./E4: A( &+ 70!9! 3(&9(, '(# :0-+1( -03!-
:( (3,45/ H) II 1999, 349).47 ),?7+5 ,49+5/, 5A/2/ 64 -/2+A/ ;,>? ? =4-
5D?, <:1 31./=?64 2/ 64 04./2/ 31-:16/A/ ;4=/ >,/904 5/7+64 - /0/A170+5
:4.-:15 34-54 ? .1616 64 5/7+6-./ -/2B/ 215+0/0:0/ ,/2B/. ;+5 64 34-
-5/ 0/62+,4.:0+64 ";,/C40/" ? 1>,4201-5/7+6-.+ .10:4.-: += .1647 64 +--
.A+=0?A/ ? 04.15 3,4;,/:0+9.15 :,40?:.?, .16+ 64 + >+1 1-01;0+ ?-A1;
=/ =/>1,/;D/B4 B40+8 3,4;/-8120+8 G?0.M+6/ + =0/94B/.
H81201 -;1616 5/7+6-.16 + 1>,42016 G?0.M+6+, 34-5/ -4 3140:+,/01 +
=/;,</;/, ./.1 64 + 31540?:1, +=;4-0+6+5 0/71;4<:/645 843+402/ 0471
3,4:81204 2;4: %.1 :+ 0+.04 E?: 04;40, / $4 ;480+, 2,/7+, :;16/ -/5; /

47
V?,@4;2/0 64, +0/94, 3,/=0+. 0/ .16+ -4 +=;12+A/ D?>/;0/ 5/7+6/ 31 /0/A1-
7+6+ - 1-A1>/@/B45 3A121:;1,0+8 -0/7/ =45D4 (!/240.1;+C 1984, 94). % -/5 -;4-
:+ #41,7+64 64 517?C/ 8+31-:/=/ #,151;0+./ (!/240.1;+C 1984, 94). S?>/;0/ 5/-
7+6/ ;4=?64 -4, +=54@? 1-:/A17, =/ V?,@4;2/0 (H) I 1995, 483).

?*1#(1*0#7#"#@'! 70#3"+9!, 1. &. 4#/. 7. &-. 4 (2012)

1114 J K% *%!%$ F"Q

%.1 :+ 0+.04 >1-+61., / T:1 54 >1-4 =/ :1>15, <:1 64 + 194.+;/01 ? >,/9-

016 1>,42016 3,/.-+, ? B4016 .10-:,?.:+;016 G/=+, 1 3,1<4;+0+ ./2/ -4
+ +=;12+A/. " :1 24;16M+ += 34-54 2/64 517?C01-: 2/ 1:;1,401 71;1,+ 04
-/51 1 -;16+5 1-4C/B+5/, ;4C + 1 B+81;+5 5/0+G4-:/M+6/5/, <:1 64 31-
:;,@401 ? 2;/ =/;,<0/ -:+8/ .16+ 64 +=01;/ ;,/C/6? 4:+51A17+6+ =;?9/B/
(+ =0/94B/), -,42-:;? +0:40=+;04 8/,510+=/M+64, 9+6/ -4 ?31:,4>/ 21 -/-
2/ 31./=/A/ ;+-1.1 3,12?.:+;015.
"-:1 :/.1 ;+-1.1 -? 3,12?.:+;0+ + +534,/:+;0+ +-./=+, 3/,/A4A+=5+
+ 0/>,/6/B/, ./1 + -;4 ?-A1;01-:+ B+5/ 4.-3A+M+,/04 +A+ 312,/=?54;/-
04, .164 -4 0/A/=4 ? -:,?.:?,+ + -45/0:+M+ >/6/B/48 (1201-01 3,42-:/-
;D/6? -,42-:;/ ?= 3151C .16+8 -4 1-:;/,?64 24A1:;1,01-: 5/7+64 + B40/
-? -?<:+0/49), / .16+ -? ? 04.15 :,40?:.? :,/0-3101;/0+ + ":,/0-31,:1-
;/0+" ? 314=+6?. ' B16, ? B40+5 31;,<+0-.+5 -A164;+5/ =/:1 0/-:/;D/6?
2/ -4 3,431=0/6? -/51 :+ ;4,>/A0+ :,/71;+ 5/7+64, 21. -4 /.M+10/A0+
-.,+;/6? + 7?>4, /A+ +3/. 04 +<94=/;/6?, ;4C -/.,+;40+ 31-:164 21. 64 34-
;/B/ + 21. 34-5/ :,/64, <:1 64 ?1-:/A15 1;24 + 31./=/01.

8(3+%#36%#

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3,1?9/;/B4 XVIII ;4./ – J/;12 =/ .?A:?,? F16;12+04.

48
:154 64 3+-/1 !. K/.1>-10 (Jakobson, 1966, 80).
49
!15/0 K/.1>-10 1;/./; ;+2 1,7/0+=/M+64 34-0+9.17 :4.-:/ 3,10/A/=+ ?
?-54016 +, ./-0+64, 3+-/016 .B+E4;01-:+ (Jakobson 1966, 310-313).

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&*! II, ?,. J16/ */,/01;+C + ";/0/ O+;/094;+C-H4.4,?<. $1;+ H/2: _+A1-
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H$L I. 1975. .(30(1( /+"( Z)'( I(0([!B( IV, H,3-.4 0/,1204 364-54, .B. 3,;/,
3,+,. F. $42+C. I417,/2: L,1-;4:/.
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http://sr.wikipedia.org/sr/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%28%D
0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%29
http://zacini.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/biljka-miloduh

?*1#(1*0#7#"#@'! 70#3"+9!, 1. &. 4#/. 7. &-. 4 (2012)

1116 J K% *%!%$ F"Q

Zoja KaranoviW
Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad

Mara, plow the planes – poetry, magic, ritual

Lyric folk poetry, which is based on archaic worldviews, often bases its origins
on ritual and magic. Among the lyrics which "copy" and "comment on" the beli-
efs in certain properties of plants, one poem recorded by Vuk KaradžiW has spe-
cial significance. The poem tells of how a man, knowing about the special pro-
perties of flora and being versed in magic as a way of acquiring love in general,
tries to cure his beloved from heartache and then lead her to fall in love with
him, and ultimately, come and kiss him. A variant of this poem was also recor-
ded and published by S.N. DavidoviW, and after him Luka GraiW-BjelokosiW,
who classified it as a wedding song. The four variants of the poem in question
which are the subject of the analysis are an example of transposition of magic
into poetry. And while the surface layers contain verbal traces of magic, the tra-
ces of magical actions are present throughout the poem, as the analyses show.
Key words: Serbian traditional culture, herbs, lyric folk poetry, magic, ritual

Modèles, Tarot, étendue – poésie, magie, rite

Le poème populaire lyrique, qui se construit sur des représentations archaïques

du monde, fonde souvent ses origines sur le rite et la magie. Parmi les vers qui
"transposent" et "commentent" les croyances en un pouvoir approprié des plantes,
une place de choix revient à un poème de Vuk, où il est question de la manière dont
un amant, connaissant les particularités mentionnées de la flore aussi bien que la
magie comme moyens de conquérir l’amour en général, s’efforce de guérir son
aimée des tourments d’amour envers un autre, puis de s’en faire aimer, et enfin,
de l’inciter à lui donner des baisers. Ce poème a également été signalé, puis pu-
blié dans une de ses variantes, par S. N. DavidoviW, puis il a été édité par Luka
GraiW-BjelokosiW, comme poème de noces. Le poème mentionné, dans ses quatre
variantes qui sont ici l’objet des analyses, est un exemple de la transposition de la
magie en poésie. Et alors que dans ses couches superficielles se reconnaissent les
traces verbales de la magie, les traces actionnelles continuent secrètement à exister
tant que le poème dure, ce que ces analyses ont montré.
Mots clés: culture traditionnelle des Serbes, plantes, poème populaire lyri-
que, magie, rite

Primljeno / Received: 28. 06. 2012.

PrihvaWeno / Accepted for Publication: 03. 08. 2012.

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, n. s. Vol. 7. Is. 4 (2012)