Teacher'sBook

VirginiaEvans- JennyDooley

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O VirginiaEvans - Jenny Dooley, 2000

Firstedition1996
New edition2000

All rightsreserved.No part of this publicationmay be reproduced,stored

in a retrievalsystem,or transmittedin any form, or by any means,electronic,
mechanical,photocopyingor otherwisewithoutthe priorwrittenpermissionof
the Publishers. Tests,certaintablesand Revisionof WritingTechniques(p. 102)
may be reproducedwithoutpermissionfor classroomuse only.

Note: Thereare threetests in two versicns.Eachtest is providedwith a marking

scheme based on a total of 20 marks.

lsBN 1-84216-873-8
Contents
U n i t1 P a r t1. . . . . . .....'...5
Parl,2 ....'6
P a r t3 . . . . .I. .
P a r t4 ..'..10
E x a mF o c u s . . . . . - ' .1- '2-

Unit2 P a r t1 . . . . . .
Part 2
P a r t3 ........'.23
P a r t4 ..'-.-'.-..25
ExamFocus '..26

U n i t3 P a r t1 . . . . . . '.'.'....'.32
P a r L2 . . ' . . .3. '4
P a r t3 ....35
Part4 ..'36
E x a mF o c u s ........38

Unit4 Part1..... -'-'--'49

Part2 ...50
P a r t3 ...........51
Part4 .'..53
E x a mF o c u s . . . . . . .5.5'

U n i t5 P a r t1 . . . . . . '-..'--67
Part 2 ..'69
P a r t3 ......'....71
Part4 ..'73
E x a mF o c u s '.'..-..-..75

U n i t6 P a r t1 . . . . . . .'.'82
P a r t2 '.'........83
P a r t3 '....85
Parl4 .-'87
ExamFocus ......88

l J n i t7 P a r t 1. . . . . . ......93
P a r I2 . . . . ' . "9' 4
P a r t3 '....."".96
Part4 ...97
E x a mF o c u s ....'...98

Revisionof WritingTechnigues 102

RevisionSection(pp.
Iests and Keys
Test1
Test2
Test3
 Unit 1: Part 1

Unit 1

Unitl-Part1 (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese fexf-

related expressionsand collocations. f checks in the
nexf /esson.,)
Warm-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 6)
1. to become 5. disease 9. to stroke
. 2. to treat 6. to lower 10. survival
(Suggested answer)
3. mental l y 7. to undergo 11. to reduce
I think the articleis about pets and people, and the 4. therapy 8. to fulfil 12. to dispel
reasonpeople keep pets.
5. 1. up 3, up 5. in
. (Suggestedanswer) 2. out/off 4. aside 6. about
I don't havea dog or cat becausemy flat is very small.
6. frog = tadPole hen = chi ck
I'vegot a canarythough. I thinkthat peoplekeep pets goat : kid duck = duckl i ng
for company. sheeP : lamb cat = kitten
. Warm-up Listening Activity l i on : cub horse : foal
dog = puppy kangaroo = joey
1. old 5. soldiers 9. withdrawn cow = calf pi g = pi gl et
2. prisoners 6. cat 10. backaches
3. doctor 7. dog 7. (T should explain the words in the list before Ss do
4. rabbits 8. fi s h Exercise 7 giving more examples if necessary. eg.
herbivores; A goat is a herbivore.A sheepis a herbivore
Reading Task: Part 1 (p. 6-7) too. Whatdo they eaf? Grass. Theseanimalsare called
herbivores.)
1. C 2.G 3.D 4.1 5.8 6.A 7.H
herbivores: animalseating plants
carnivores: animalseatingmeat
VocabularyExercises:Part 1 (p. 8-9) omnivores: animalseating both plantsand meat
mammals: animalsthat give birth to live babies and
1 . withdrawn - very quiet and shy feed their young on milk from the breast
mentally disturbed - sufferingfrom an illnessof the reptiles:cold-bloodedanimalsthat haveskincovered
mi n d or t he br ain with scalesand that lay eggs
radical - different,innovative
persisted - continuedto exist herbivores: goldfish,cow, squirrel,goat, sheep
recruited - broughttogetherto help insects: fly, wasp, beetle
comforted - made (them)feel better mammals: lion,tiger, panther,wolf, bear, monkey,
traumatised - psychologicallyor emotionally whale,cow, jaguar,fox, puma, squirrel,goat, sheep
damaged cats: lion,tiger, panther,jaguar, puma
battle-scarred - injured in battle reptifes: crocodile,snake, lizard,tortoise
conclusive - showingthat somethingis certainlytrue fi sh: sal mon,gol dfi sh
dentaltreatment- medicalattentiongivento the teeth birds: hawk, sparrow,pigeon,eagle
cuddling - embracingto show affection carnivores: crocodile,lion,tiger,panther,wolf,snake,
approachable - easy to talk to hawk,frog, lizard,jaguar,fox, eagle, puma
fulfil - to satisfy omnivores: monkey, sparrow,tortoise,wasp, gold-
dispel - to get rid of or remove fish, bear,whale,fly, pigeon,beetle
tension - feelingof stress amphibians: frog

2. 1. reverence 6. rekindled 8 . 1. w oul dn' thurt a fl y

2. trend 7. grounds 2. as stubbornas a mule
3. compassion 8. current 3. the black sheep of the family
4. vital 9. perceived 4. eats iike a horse
5. stimulate 10. spearhead 5. stir up a hornet'snest

3. a) 1. upset 3. trouble/bother 9. (Suggested answer)

2. disturb/bother 4. bother It's nice to have a dog as a pet. lt's a friendlyanimal,
b) 1 . h u r t 3. injured which not only shows obedienceto its owner but it is
2. wounded 4. damaged alsofaithful.A monkey,on the otherhand,is expensive
to keep and is a rathermessy animal.lt needs lots of
 Part 2

space.lt's very intelligent,though,and can be taught Unit1-Part2

simpletasks.A dog can be taughtsimpletasksas well.
Dogs often become very protectiveof their owners.A
dog needswalkingeverymorningand eveningwhich Warm-upActivities:Part2 (p. 10)
might be inconvenientfor someonewho works,espe-
ciallythe morningwalk.I'd prefera dog becausedogs . (Suggestedanswer): The firstpictureis of a weather
are man's best friends. forecasterand the second picture is of a satellite
orbitingthe earth.The satelliteis probablybeing used
1 0 . 1" . . .f illedhis h o u s ew i th i h i sh o u s efi l l e dw i th ... to make weatherpredictions.
2. ... take care of my cat ... . (Suggestedanswer): forecast,sun, dry, raining,sat-
3. . . . by c hanc eth a t ...
el l i te,report,predi cti on,cl ouds,hai l ,hot, col d,wind,
4. ... trend towards (people)taking ...
ozone,sleet,thunder,lightning,temperature, etc
5. . . .t o h i s s u r p r i s e. . .
. (Suggestedanswer): farmers,peoplegoing on holi-
Follow-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 9) day, peoplehavingan outdoorparty/barbecue,sports-
men. gardeners, emerqency sewices, peop\e who
. (Suggested answers) cycle to work, athletes,captains, pilots etc. These
. people have to be well informed of the weather
heal traumatisedpeople, lower blood pressure,re-
becausetheirjob or their activitiesare directly
duce anxiety,lower heart rate, help relaxation,reduce
affected by it.
minor illnesses,dispeltension
. Warm-up Listening Activity
. (T goes through the table wrth Ss and discusses fhe
notes, fhen Ss work in closed pairs. f goes round the 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F
c/ass and checks, then has some pairs report to the
class.,) ReadingTask:Part2 (p. 10-11)
. SA: Well, I think there are a lot more advantages
8. C (Ln 2-4) 12. D (Ln 27-2e)
than disadvantagesto havinga pet. Firstand B (Ln 10)
9. 13. C (Ln 32)
foremostthey teach people to care for other
10. B (Ln14-16) 14. B ( L n3 8 )
creatures.In addition,they give childrena 11. A (Ln 22-23) 15. D (Ln 47-49)
sense of responsiblity.
SB: Yes, but I should point out that it can be very
expensiveto keep a pet, and they can take up
VocabularyExercises:Part2 (p. 12-13)
a lot of your time.
SA: I admit you're right,but I stillthink it's worth it. 1. satellite pictures - photographstaken from a device
You know that people with pets sufferfrom in space
fewer healthproblemsthan peoplewithout data - information,esp numerical/factual
pets? gathering - collectingtogether
SB: Yes. But pets can also be unhygienic.lt really images - pictures
dependson whetheryoulikeanimalsor not,but allocated - given to sb (as their share)
I wouldn'tchooseto keep pets.They can also alter - to change
get jealousof your children,and even attack be adapted - to be changedto suit certainconditions
them. etc complication - sth which makes a situationmore
difficult
(Thefirsttwo cassetfesof Mission:FCE2 are available live - not pre-recorded
containingallreading texfs.T should encourage Ss fo nerve-racking- worrying
listento the tape at home as a follow-up activity to aspect - feature
each part. T should demonsfrafefo Ss how to use the occurrence - incident
fapes ie listento tape following the lines,then read the obsession - very strong interest/preoccupation
brt aloud paying attentionto fluency and pronuncia- mortifying - making one feel ashamedand embar-
tion. Tshould checkSs'abilitytoreadaloudinthe nert rassed
/esson. lt is ertremely importantthatthis activityshould hayfever - an allergyto pollen
not be skipped and T should emphasisethe need for intensity - degree or strengthof sth
correctpronunciationandforthe Ss fobeco mefluent.)
2. 1. forecasters 4. report 7 . screened
2 . broadcast 5 . script B . dai l y
GrammarCheck:Part1 (p.s) 3 . viewer 6 . bulletins

2. to 5. t o 8. to 1 1 ../ 1 4 .t o
3. to 6. ,/ e./ 12.to 1 5 ./
4. ,/ 7. t o 10../ 1 3 .to
 Unit 1: Part2

3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise these text- however,needsuniversityqualifications. An industrial

related expressionsand collocations. f checks in the maintenanceworker does a high-riskjob. Moreover,
next lesson.) he may have to do eithernight shiftsor split shifts.
An executiveneedsto havemanagementskillsas well
1. thetime 6. highly
as good socialskills. etc
2. hayfever 7. ta l k i n g
3. liv e 8. to collect (T elicitsfrom Ss pros and cons of the four professions
4. to tune into/toread 9. ultra-violet and writes them on the board. Then Ss /ooking at the
5. to read/totune into nofes compare and contrasffhe professions.)

4. 1. stressful 5. political NURSE

2. excitement 6. enthusiastic
3. broadcasting 7. willing
4. lnvestigative
5. 1. . . . t ak e it f or gr a n te d...
2. . . . at a los sf or w o rd s ...
3. ... (in exactly)the same way ...
4. . . .l e n d m e a h a n d . . .
5. . . . had k ept his w o rd ...
6. . . . is obs es s edw i th ...
7. . . . c an ( r eally re) l y o n ...
B. . . .t o c ope wit h th e k i d s ...
6. 1. e 3.d 5.i 7.t
2.j 4.c 6.h 8.a
(Suggested answers)
A surgeon needsto have a steadyhand and medical
knowledgein order to operatesafelyon people.
A jockey needs to be fit and to have staminabecause
riding racehorsescan be physicallydemanding.He
needsto love horsesbecausehe'll spend most of his
time with them.
A teacher needs patienceand an abilityto explain
th i ngs in or dert o b e a b l e to ma k e h i s p u p i l su n d er-
stand what they are being taught.
A chauffeur needs to have a clean drivingrecordto
provethat he is a good driver,and patiencebecause
he will spend a lot of time drivingor waitingin the car
for his boss.
A chef needs to be able to cook well for obvious
reasons,and to have sharp taste-budsin order to
check that the food tastesthe way it should.
An architect needstechnicalexpertiseto ensurethat
hisdrawingsareaccurate,and aflairfordesignin order
to be able t o des ig no ri g i n a b
l uildings.
A diplomat needsto be ableto speakotherlanguages
and to be tactfuland eloquentin orderto creategood
relationswith other countries.
An accountant needs to be good with numbers be-
cause his job involvesdoing a lot of sums.
A clown needs to be comical and to love children
becausehe will have to entertainthem.
7. (Suggested answers)
An industrial
maintenanceworker's job istiringwhereas
an executive'sis more demanding.An executivenot
only has a high salarybut he also has perkssuch as
a company car. An industrialmaintenanceworker
does not need universityqualifications.An executive,
Pros: helps people, works with other professionals
and the public, etc
Cons: long hours, stress, night shifts, exposed to
diseases,has to deal with difficultpatients, etc.
JOURNALIST
Pros: meets many people,creative,travelsa lot, stays
up-to-dateon news events, etc
Cons: works long hours, stress, has to meet strict
deadlines,may risk life in war zones, etc
TEACHER
Pros: decent salary,regularschedule,works with
9.b (young)people, etc
10. g Cons: has to deal with disciplineproblemsin class-
room, awkward shifts,gets bored teaching the same
materialyear after year, etc
ACTOR
Pros: famous, creative,travels a lot to shoot films,
glamorouslifestyle,invitedto greatparties,can make
a lot of money, etc
Cons: no personallife,attendsmany auditions,
performsthe same play again and again, etc
8. 1. duty 3. j ob 5. task/j ob 7. drudger y
2. work 4. shift 6. labour
9. 1. dictator 3. singer 5. costs
2. inflation 4. vet
Follow-upActivities:Part2 (p. 13)
(T writes the notes on the board eliciting them /rom Ss,
then helshe invitesSs to talk about a weather fore-
caster'sjob.)
Qualifications: highly-qualifiedmeteorologist
Daily routine: early morningarrivalat the TV studio,
collect latest data from NMO, translateterminology
and maps, plan final broadcast,story board
Time of broadcast: after the news
Reason the job is stressful: livebroadcast,anything
could go wrong, may make inaccurateforecast
Problems: not much time available.materialto be
adaptedto the time available
(Suggestedanswer) ... be a highlyqualifiedmeteor-
ologist,which means havinga universitydegreeand
a post-graduatequalification.The daily routineis very
intense;you haveto be at the studioearly,and collect
Unit 1: Part3

the latestdatafrom the NMO.You then, haveto put all SB: I think it's greatto make peoplelaugh.There's
this informationinto easily-understood form for the so much stressand depressionin our lives
finalbroadcast.Thereis not much time availableto do that having some fun does matter a lot. etc
all this, and as the broadcastgoes out live it can be
ratherstressful:if a mistakeis made, it will be seen by GrammarCheck:Part2 (p. 13)
the whole country!
. (Sswork in closed pairs.T checksround the c/assthen, 1. . . .t w o o f w h o m a r e . . .
asks some pairs to report to the c/ass.) 2. ...threeof w hi chw ere from ...
3. . . .w h i c hI b o u g h ti s . . .
(Suggested answers) 4. ... w hose houseshave been burgl ed...
SA: I'd like to become a teacher. 5. ... w ho i s D utch,l i ves...
SB: Really?Why is that? 6. . . .t h e m a n w h o . . .
SA : W ell,lf ind i t i n te re s ti nto
g b e w i thc h i l d re nand 7. . . . i n w h i c hh e f i r s tm e t . . .
educatethem. 8. ... (w hi ch)I w as born i n/i nw hi ch I w as born ...
SB: But studentsare usuallynoisy.I'd preferto 9. ... w ho I pl aytenni sw i th ...
becomea clown. 10. ...that I coul dn' tafford...
SA: I don't believeit. Why?

Unitl-Part3
Warm-upActivities:Part3 (p. 14)
' (T draws the following spidergram on the board and elicits relevant vocabularyfrom Ss.)

shorts pull o v e r T-shirt fi gure-huggi ng

si l k dress

cardigan Jumper eveningdress

b l u ejeans leathermini-skirt eveninggown (evening)suit

corduroytrousers denim jacket tailoredsuit dinnerjacket

cocktaildress

(Suggestedanswer):Chanel,Givenchy,
V a l e n ti no,Gucci ,R i cci ,Gaul ti er,A rmani ,etc

Warm-upListeningActivity
1. F 2.r 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T B . T 9 . F 1 0 .F

ReadingTask:Part3 (p. 14-15) skip - to move quicklyand lightly

godsend - good turn of fortune
16.A 17.E 18.G 19.8 20.F 21.H dowdy - not fashionable,usuallydull
follower - admirer
VocabularyExercises:Part3 (p. 16-17) cast in stone - establishedforever
2. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese fexf-
1 . pumps - women's slip-onshoes with a low heel and related collocations and expressions.f checks in the
no strap nexf /esson.)
envy - jealousy
plundering - (fig)using as a source 1. curvaceous 5. flat 9. to become
inspiration - new ideas 2. to make 6. say 10. el f-l i ke
clinging - close-fitting 3. rol l ed-up 7. i n chi c
royal protocol - traditionalrulesby which the nobility 4. to burst onto 8. life-long
are expectedto act
commoner - a personnot of noble blood
 Unit 1: Part3

3. FORMAL CASUAL 10. 1. go w i th/match 5. puton

tuxedo 2. try on 6. suit
b l u ej e a n s
waistcoat denim jacket
3. wear 7. dress
tailoredsuit 4. match/gowith B. fit
shorts
eveninggown T-shirt
b us ines ss uit leathermini-skirt Follow-upActivities:Part3 (p. 17)
boxy jacket corduroytrousers
cocktaildress cardigan . (T elicifsansuzersfrom Ss and writesthem on the board
d i n nerjac k et loafers in table form. Then Ss, looking at the nofes, talk about
silk dress jumper Audrey Hepburn.)
Her appearance:eltlike face, slim figure (sizeB)
(Suggested answers) Her clothes: simple but elegant,balletpumps, polo-
necks,full skirts,cotton shirts,plain blouses
Youwouldwearatuxedo/evening gown/cocktail dress/ Major films: Sabrina, Funny Face, Roman Hotiday,
siIk d ress/waistcoat/dinner jacketfo r a fo rmaloccasio n Breakfastat Tiffany's
such as a wedding or a dinner party.
People who influenced her: Givenchy,Head
You would wear a tailored suit/businesssuit/boxy
When she died: in 1993-herstyleliveson, her fashion
jacketfor a businessmeetingor a smart lunch.
sense will remaintimeless/influential
You would wear blue jeans/adenim jacket/shortsia
T-shirt/aleathermini-skirt/corduroy trousers/acardi- (Suggested answer)
gan/loafers/a jumper for everydayoccasionssuch as
g o ing s hopping,m e e ti n gfri e n d se tc . Audrey Hepburn had a naturalfashion sense,and it
can be saidthat she was the lastword in chic.She had
4. a. star-patterned e. checked i . a rg y l e an elf-likeface and a slim figure. She first became
b. polka-dot f. paisley j. wavy famouswhen she starredinRomanHolidayin the early
c. striped g. floral k. abstract 1950' s.H ercl othesforthe fi l mw eredesi gnedby E dit h
d. pin- s t r iped h. tartan l. plain Head and includedcotton skirts,plain blouses,frilly
skirts and flat shoes. After this, Hepburn starred in
5 . a. clingingdress,eveningsuit, bow-tie,sleeveless three more films,with clothesdesignedby the world
f igur e- huggin d
g re s s ,h i g h -h e e l e d
shoes famous Hubert de Givenchy.Her style was always
b. bare shoulderedfrillydress,eveningsuit, bow-tie simpleyet elegant.She went on to do a lot of work for
c. embroideredjacket, handbag,bow-tie,evening charity,and died in 1993,aged 63. Her fashionsense
s uit w i l l remai nti mel ess.
d. tailoredsuit,flatshoes,checkedjacket,paisleytie,
braces,stripedshirt . (Suggested answer)
My ideal wardrobewould be a mixtureof smart and
6. 1. styles 5, floraldress L gloves casualclothes.I think it is importantto have a suit for
2. f or m al 6. chic 1 0 . s u n g l a sses weddingsand specialoccasions,but most of the time
3. tie 7. casual I preferto wearcasualclothessuchasjeansand baggy
4. belt 8. w o o l l e nj u m p e rs sweatshirts.For semi-smartoccasions,it would be
good to have ablazer or a sports jacket.
7. (Suggested answer)
The first picture is of two girls. They are dressed in GrammarCheck:Part3 (p. 1Z)
casual summer clothes. They look as though they
might be students.One of the girlsin the firstpictureis 1. 1. . . . h a v ea s m u c h m o n e ya s . . .
wearinga stripedtop, shortsand loafers,and is 2. ... you practise,the betteryou ...
carryinga rucksack.The other girl is wearinga frilly 3. ... rathergo for ...
blouse,jeans and boots. 4. ... as many shi rtsas ...
The secondpictureis of a coupleshopping.They look 5. . . . i s n o t s o q u i c ka s . . .
quitechic and formal.The man is wearinga blazer,and 6. ... tw i ceas l ong as ... /
the woman is wearinga tailoredsuitwitha whitecollar. ... tw i cethe ti me (that)...
She is carryinga bag, and it looks as if they'vebeen 7. ... preferto play tennis rather...
sh opping. 8. ... run any fasterthan ...
9. . . . ( m u c h )m o r et h a n | . . .
8 . 1 . of f 4. down with 7. back on 10. ... i s betterthan that ...
2. over 5 . w i th 8 . fo r
3 . r ound 6 , i n fo r

9 . 1. collection 4. catwalks 7. fabrics

2. fashionshows 5. styles B. haute
3 . m odels 6 . tre n d s c o u tu re
Unit 1: Part4

Unitl-Part4
Activities:Parta (p. 18)
Warm-up
. (Suggestedanswer)

(T drawsthe followingspidergramon the board and asksSs fo thinkof wordsrelatedto the theme"vehicles.")

steeringwheel wheels estate car

aerial dashboard salooncar sportscar
windscreen exhaustpipe (limo)
limousine
wrpers
V E H IC LE S bus
accelerator van
gear lever jeep minicar
rear lights bumper

Fiat Audi Renault

(Suggestedanswer): The firstone is a jeep, the second one is a salooncar and the third one is a minibus.These
kindsof vehiclescan be drivenby most people.Thejeep mightbe suitablefor somebodywho livesin the countryside.
The salooncar is for someonewho has got a big family.The minibusmight be suitablefor someonewho's got a big
fa m ily .
Adjectives: off-road,robust, spacious,comfortable,practical,fast, reliable,expensive,trendy etc.

(Suggestedanswer): speed,economicalon petrol,easyto park, lots of luggagespace,nice colour,leatherseats.

For me, speed is more importantbecauseI'm alwaysin a hurry.
Leatherseatsare not so importantbecauseI don't want a luxuriouscar, but a reliableone.

Warm-up Listening Activity

1.d 2.a 3.e 4.b 5.c

ReadingTask:Part4 (p. 18-19) continental - (of Europe)not includingBritain

padded - filledwith a soft materialto increasecomfort
22. A 30.B support - forceof holdingsth in a comfortableposition
23,24.B, E (inanyorder) 31,32.A, C motoring - relatingto cars or driving
tc. u (inanyorder) marketed - advertisedfor sale
26D 33.D power-steering - a featureof a car that enablesthe
. , E (inanyorder)
2 7 , 2 8C 34.A driverto change its directionmuch more easily
29A 35. E inconvenience- trouble,difficultyor discomfort
multi-purpose - ableto be used in many differentways
versatility - having many uses
VocabularyExercises:Part4 (p. 20) positioned - placed or arrangedin a particularway or
1 styling - appearance;design spot
suspension system - the systemof springsetc by compartment - divided section of a larger area
,vhicha vehicleis supportedon its wheels
ensures - makes sure or guarantees 2. a) a. steeringwheel e. accelerator
rear - back b. seat f. gear-stick
storage - the space availablefor storingsomething c. clutch g. dashboard
airbag - cushionthat automaticallyinflateswith air in d. brake
a crash to protect the driver b) a. rear windscreen g. rear lights
crash tests - controlledcar crashes carried out to b. windscreenwiper h. door handl e
:etect flaws and assistin the design of safercars c. boot i. tyre
i nt er ior- t he inne rp a rt;i n s i d e d. bumper j. indicator
fabr ic - c lot h e. numberpl ate k. wing mirror
manufacturer- firmthat makesgoods on a largescale f. exhaustpipe l. headrest
-s ng m ac hiner y
 Exam Focus: Unit 1

3. (Ss go through the two lists while T explains any ExamFocus- Useof English:Unit 1 (p.21)
unknown wards. After Ss haye done the exercise,they
check their answerswith the T, then T asks Ss to tatk (Part2 is a modified open clozeconslsting of 1S blanks
about the featuresof each typeof car.Ss can usemore
to be filled in with one word each. Emphasisis ptaced
adjectives describing the featuresof each car if they
on g rammar and vocab uIary. Ss read fhe brt onc e to g et
wish.)
the gist of the brt, then re-read and fill in the missrng
(Suggested answers) words. Ss read the text once more fo see if the text
sports car: two-seater,expensive,fast makes sense and check for spelling mistakes).
family car: safe,comfortable,stylish
jeep: trendy,manoeuvrable,reliable Part 2
m ini c ar : ec onom i c a le, n v i ro n me n ta l fri
ly endly,
manoeuvrable,sporty,easy to park 1. be 6. or 11 . than
van: storagespace,comfortable 2. had 7. onl y 12. up
estate car: storage space, comfortable 3. how 8. i s 13. look
limousine: expensive,prestigious,luxurious,stylish 4. have 9. as 14. w ho
electric car: environmentally friendly,safe, reliable, 5. amongifor 10. either 15. being
easy to drive
Part 4
4. 1. t op of t he r an g e 7. style
2. m odel B. vehicle (Part 4 is atext containing errors.Some linesare correct
3. off-road 9. fog lights whereas otherscontainan ertra and unnecessa4/word
4. easy to drive 10. top speed which must be identified. Ss should read through the
5. seats 1 ' 1 . fu e l p e rfo rma n ce Ert b get an understanding of its general meaning.
6. back support 12. right-handdrive Then Ss read the text again carefuily tine by line to
identify the unnecessa4/ word (e.g. article, participle,
Follow-upActivities:Part4 (p. 20) c onj unction, p repo sition, ten se, etc). Ss tic k any co rrect
lines and wilte the unnecessary words in the corre-
(As Ss list the features of each car T writes them on the sponding space. Ss read the text once more to see if
board. Then f asks Ss fo talk about each car.) their answersare correct.)

V850: air bag, leatherseats 1. too 6. the 11. ,/

P: lightengine,eco n o mi c a lp, a d d e ds e a ts ,q u i et en- 2. been 7. ,/ 12. have
gine 3. ,/ 8. it 13. there
F.P . Range:t op sp e e d 1 7 0 k mp h , fo g l i g h ts ,fo ldi ng 4. have 9. one 14. be
roof, power-steering 5. ,/ 10. ,/ 15. ,/
Space Gear:seatsup to seven,littlewind noise,more
interiorspace Prepositions
(Ssworkin closedpairswhileT checksroundtheclass. (This exercisewill alwaysbe assignedas HW. T checks
Then f asks some pair to report to the c/ass.) the answersand in the nexf /esson helshe checks the
exerciseusually with closed books.
(Suggested answer) e.g. T: C/oseyour books.An outlook ........tife.
lf I were you, I'd buy from the F.P. Range.I strongly 57; an outlook on life
recommendit, becauseof the high speedand special T: to fi \\........
sfh
folding roof etc. 52; to fillwith sth

(Suggested answers) 1. on 12. by 23. in

2. with 13. of 24. on
For a family of six with a dog I'd recommendthe
3. w i th 14. at 25. with
Space Gear. lt seats seven adults and has plenty of
4. for 15. on 26. on
room for a dog on the floor. For a businessman I'd
5. to 16. to 27. of
recommendan F.P.car. lt is a fast car that can easily
6. forlabout 17. of 28. about
be driven in the city. There'snot much space, but a
7. of 18. to/for 29. oflabout/up
businessmanwould only havea smallbriefcase.For a
f.in 19. from 30. of
middle-agedman I'd suggesttheV850.lt is classically
Lon 20. in 31. on
styled in leatherand is safe. For my own family I'd
10. w i th/by 21. of
suggesta 4-wheeldrive.The seatsmake a bed, which
11. between 22. at
would be useful becausewe often go away for week-
e n ds .A ls o,it ' s eco n o mi c ato
l ru n .

11
ExamFocus:Unit 1
ExamFocus- Listening:Unit 1 (p.22)
(Part 1 focuseson understandingmain points,location,
roles, function, attitude, feelings, opinions, intentions
etc. ltconsrsfsof eight shortunrelated extractsof about
30 seconds each, followed by three option multiple
choice quesfions. While listeningfor the lrirsttime, Ss
look out for key words related to one of the three
choices, paying attentionto what is heard because
fhese key words may be included in the incorrect
choice. While listeningto the extractsagain, Ss check
their answers.)
1. B 3.8 5.A 7. c
Pa rt 1
2.c 4.A 6.C 8.8
Part 1
You'll hear people talking in eight different sifuations.
For questions 1 to B, choose fhe besf answer, A, B
or C.
1. Listento this man talking on the telephone. Who is he
phoning?
A a food factory manager
B a technical supplier
C an engineer
Man: Look, it just doesn'twork. lt's been installedfor
three weeks now ...
(PAUSE)... but that fault'sbeen checked ... (PAUSE)
... then why is it cuttingthe pastrytoo short?...
(P A US E ). . .t hey d o k n o w h o w to u s e i t ...
(P A US E .). . I don' t s e e w h y i t s h o u l dc o s ta n y m o re ...
(P A US E.). .well,t h a t' sh i sj o b ,h e ' sy o u rma n ,n o t mi ne.
Look, you charged us well over the odds for that
machine. lt's up to you to see it works - make us
a n ot her ,c hangey o u r ma n , I d o n ' t k n o w ,j u s t
get it right,or l'll referthe matterto my solicitor.
2. Youoverhearthesetvvowomen chatting.Whydidn'f Sue
buy a blouse?
A The shop uzasc/osed.
B She couldn't find one.
C Shedidn't need one.
Woman 1: For heaven's sake! I'm not taking Sue
shoppingagain!W e ' v eb e e ntra i l i n gu p a n d d o w n the
High Streetall afternoonlookingfor a yellow blouse.
Woman2:Thatdoesn'tsoundsuch a difficultmission.
Woman 1; I told heraboutthe shop - you know- but she
said it had closeddown,Well,anyway,she didn'teven
want to try. I've seen blousestill l've got spots before
my eyes!ThenMadamremembersshe'sgot one in her
wardrobeand she suddenlydesperatelyneedssome
new make-up- to go withthe yellowblouse,of course.
3. Listen to this couple ordering a meal. What does fhe
man order?
A risso/es and rice
B fish and chips
C lasagne and salad
12
Man: Yes - we'll have lasagne.That right,dear?
Woman: Yes, please,dear.
Man: A nd - er - fi sh and chi P s.
Waitress;lt'll be ten or fifteenminutesfor the fish - it's
not cooked,you see.
Man: Oh - betternotthen,eh dear?You'rea bit pushed,
aren't you?
Woman: Mmm - rather.
Man: So - make that a rissolesand rice.
Woman: Check for onions,love,remember.
Man: Yes - are there any onions in the rissoles?
Waitress;Yes. There are.
Man: Well,we'd betterstick with what we startedwith
then - and ri sk bei nga bi t l ate.
4. Youhear this radio news report about escaped prison-
ers. Whatis said about fhe missrngprisoner?
A He is violent.
B He is ill.
C He is armed.
Neursreader;Threeprisonersescapedfrom Dartmoor
yesterday- the second escapethis month.Two were
recoveredby police in the villageof Brown Tor, ten
milesaway.One of them is stillat large.The men had
smuggleda gun intothe prisonand used this to force
guards to open doors. The two recoveredprisoners
were spotted in Brown Tor when one of the men
sufferedan epilepticfit. Policesay that the third man
is aggressiveand shouldnot be approached.Thereis
to be an enquiry next week into this latest spate of
escapesfrom prisons.
5. You are in a hotel reception area when you hear this
conversation.Whatdoes the couple decide to book?
A a tvvin-beddedroom on the first floor
B a double room on the ground floor
C a twin-bedded room on the ground floor
Receptionist; Did you just want one room for your-
selves?
Man: Yes - facingthe sea if possible.
Receptionist; Right. Room 4 - that's a twin-bedded
room on the firstfloor.
Woman: Sounds perfect. Next week - Thursday to
Saturday?
Receptionist; Oh - just a minute - | think that one's
booked for Saturday.But we've got a double room
on the groundfl oor - i t' s a bi t smal lthough...
Woman: Mmm - double - it's a bit hot at the moment-
two beds are better.
Receptionist:Or we'vegot a twin-beddedroomon the
ground floor - but it doesn'tface the sea.
Man: No - I'lltellyou what.Let'shavetheroomwe want
- and we'll come Wednesdayto Friday.
Receptionist;Right- l'll book number4 for you.

6. Listento these tvvo teachersarranging their language
c/asses.How many c/asseswiil Laurateachonlnuis-
day?
A one c/ass
B fwo c/asses
C three c/asses
Anne: Laura,can you coverfor me on Thursday?I've
got a healthcheck. lt's two classes.
Laura: What are they?
Anne: There'sIntermediate- from six till eight.
Laura: Mmm - I've got Advanced - four_thirtyto six.
Anne: Could you? ls it too much?
Laura: No - that's O.K. I did have Beginnersthen but
Judy's taking them for a video sessionwith hers.
Anne: There'sanotherone - Advanced_eight till ten.
Laura: Yes - O.K. l'll stay for that.
Anne: Thanks.
7- You will hear a man talking to a poriceman after seeing
the house opposite him being burgled.
Whatdid the younger boy do?
A He handed things to the girl.
B He rode off on the otder boy,s bike.
C He climbed through the window.
Man: Then all threewent roundthe side of the house.
The older boy stood in the corner - at the kitchen
w indow.He open e di t a b i t - d o n ' t k n o w h o w .T h e gi rl
p i c k edt he s m alle rb o y u p a n d h e g o t o n to th e b i g
l a d ' ss houlder san d h e p u t h i m th ro u g h- s o h e c o ul d
g o and open t he d o o r.T h e n - | s a w th e m o u ts i d e...
Policeman.' How much later was this?
Man: Oh, only moments- two or three minutesat the
most. The girl was taking bags from the younger
boy. The older boy took the bags,put two on the back
and chuckedthe smallone in frontof him and rode off.
I was reallyshocked- I mean,the littleone can,t have
been more than nine.
8. Listento this busrnessmanand his secrefa arranging
ry
a meeting. Which day of the week will the meeting be?
A Tuesday
B Wednesday
C Thursday
Secretary:Oh, Mr. Gonzaleswantsto come and talk
to you nextweek about sendinga group.
Bo s s . ' O h,he' s ov e r h e re ,i s h e ?
Secretary:Till next Friday.When shall I tell him to
come?
Boss; Er - what about Tuesday?
Secretary: Yes - you could. After you get back from
Tu nbr idgeW ells .
Boss; Oh - l've got that, have l? | won't be on top form
after that.
Secretary:No - perhapsnot. There,sWednesday_
Boss,' I had wanted to play golf that day, but nbu"r,
mind.
Secretary:Well,how about Thursday?you're free all
day.Althoughit'd be betterto fit it in earrier- in casehe
wants to call back before he leaves.
Boss; Yes - you're right.We'll keep it the way it is, l'll
j u st m is s m y golf . ..
ExamFocus:Unit 1
Exam Focus - Speaking: Unit 1 (p. 23)
Part 1
(Part 1 /asfs about four minutes and has to do with
socialising and giving personalinformation.ss shoutd
be able to talk about themselvesfor about tvvo minutes
each.)
Patt 2
(Part 2 /asfs about four minutesand focuses on ex_
changing personarand factuar information based on
given visual prompts. Ss are given two colour photo_
graphs each andthey havetotalkaboutthem in relation
to themselves without being interrupted or hetped by
the T. They are a/so asked to comment briefty on each
other's pictures.)
Pictures A and B (Suggestedanswers)
' while PictureA is of a roadfiiledwith rotsof peopreon
bicycles,Picture B is of a bus and other trafficon a
road. Both picturesshow means of transport.
. I prefer to travel by bus because it,s a faster way of
travellingthan by bicycle,and it's less tiring.
' Bicyclesare more environmentaily friendrybecause
they don't give off exhaustfumes like buses.
' Peopleshould be encouragedto use pubrictransport
more insteadof going everywhereby car,or to walk if
they only haveto go a shortdistance.The government
should ban all vehiclesthat don't use unleadedfuel,
becausevehiclesthatuse leadedfuelarethe onesthat
cause the most pollution.
Pictures C and D (Suggestedanswers)
' Picture c shows inhabitants of an African country
dressedin traditionalclothesworking in a field.
Picture D shows peopredressed in modern crothes
sittingand working at a desk in an office.In both
picturesthe people are working.
. Thesepeople'slifestylesare very
different.The people
in picture C probably spend all day doing physical
work and live in very basic houses withbut many
amenities,whilethe peoplein picture D probablyearn
quite a lot of money and live in comfortable,mbdern
houses.
. I think that both of the types of lifestyles
shown are
quitestressful.The only differenceis thatthe peoplein
each picture have to worry about differentthings.
The peoplein picture C probablyworry about having
enough food to eat, and the people in picture D
probably worry about meeting deadlinesand other
work-relatedproblems.
' I would liketo livethe lifestyleof the people
in picture
D becauseI think it wourdbe more comfortabre. Arso,
the lifestyleof the people in picture C would seem
strangeand foreignso I would find it very difficultto get
used to.
13
ExamFocus:Unit 1

2. Height - tall, medium height,short

ExamFocus- Writing:Unit 1 (P.24)
B ui td - medi um bui l d, muscul ar,sl ender,w el l - built ,
overweight,plump, round-shouldered, fit
(Note that pictures at the beginning of each writing
Face - oval,attractive,round,freckled,lined,square
sectlon serve as a warm up activity for T to elicit the
Eyes - almond-shaPed,hazel
relevant theory before proceeding to give in-depth
Nose - straight,long, hooked,crooked
analysison the theory.) H ai r - l ong,strai ght,short,curl y,fai r,shoul der-l e ngt h,
Describing people, places, obiects' events wavy, balding
Clothes - formal,trendy,smart,shabby,fashionable,
(tt is importantthatSsmemorise all paragraph plans' T styl i sh
ful l -l ength,
casual ,w el l -dressed,
checksin thenertlesson. The sameappliestoallwriting
secfions af this book.) 3. 1.skinny 5. tanned 9. freckles
(Suggested answer) 2. neat 6. sPottY 10. slanting
- Picture1 shows an eventtaking place. 3. recedi ng 7. sP i kY
- Annualeventswhich take place in my countryare: 4. scar 8. mol e
Carnival,Easter,Christmasand the Annual Wine
4 . Picture A
Festival.
- Yes,lwould, becauseit lookslikea peacefulplace 1. overw ei ght 3. sl i m 5. comfortable/stylish
with fresh air, tar away from the stress of the city' 2. casual 4. bl ond 6. stylish/comfortable
Y ou c ould eith e rg o o n l o n g w a l k so r fi s h i n g.
Picture B
or No, I wouldn ' t.I d o n ' t g e n e ra l l yl i k e q u i e t p laces.
I prefercrowded,livelyplaceswhich are full of 1. forti es 5. smartly
life since I am a sociablepersonand like meeting 2. grey 6. di nnerj acket
people. 3. blond 7. bow-tie
- T he peoplei n p i c tu re3 c o u l d b e p e n s i o n ers. The 4. bun B. eveni ngdress
H e s e e msto b e i n h i s60' s.
m an ist allan d w e l l -b u i l t.
He hasgot a r o s yc o m p l e x i o na n d a l o n gb e ard'H e 5. 1. fool i sh 5. honest
is wearingawhiteshirt,blackwaistcoat and braces' 2. observant 6. lively
T he wom an i s o f m e d i u mh e i g h ta n d a b i t p l ump. 3. bossy 7. aggressive
S he s eem sto b e i n h e r 6 0 ' s . Sh e h a s g o t a pal e 4. reserved 8. fussy
complexion,greyish-whitehair, and is wearing
glasses. She is also wearing a white blouse, a 6 . positive: outgoing,frank,cheerful,polite,easygoing,
i ntel l i gent
colourfulscarf and a red skirt.
negati ve:dul i , bori ng,greedy,moody,rude,me an,
1. 1. Kim Basingeris certainlyattractive. stubborn
2. Althoughl've nevermet her, I havereada lot about
(Suggestedanswers)
her in newspapersand magazinesand have
an idea of what her personalityis like. 1. H e can be bori ng; he tel l sus the sameol d stor ies
3. Kim rarelystaYshome to relax' everytime we meet him.
4. Kim is a PersonI greatlYadmire. 2. S usani s real l youtgoi ng;shel i kestal ki ngto people
and gets on with everyoneshe meets.
. Adjectives describing physical appearance: quite
3. My sisteris frank; she alwaysgivesme her honest
tall,s lender ,blu e (e y e s ),s m a l l ,u p tu rn e d l, a rge,sen- opinion.
suous,photogenic,long, blond, wavy, attractive' 4. John tendsto be greedy; eventhough he won the
. Adlectivesdescribing character:demanding,quick- lottery,he keePsgambling.
t em per ed,k ind ,a n g ry ,j e a l o u s ,h a PP Y 5. Sarahcan be moody; one minuteshe'shappyand
the next she's stormingoff in a huff'
AppearancelClothes
...attractive,slender, in her late thirties,blue eyes, 6. My nei ghbourtends to be mean; someti m eshe
leaveshis dog out in the rain.
s m all upt ur nedn o s e , l a rg es e n s u o u smo u th ,photo-
genic face, long biond wavy hair,casualcomfortable 7. Mrs white is alwayscheerful; she alwayssmiles
clothes and nothingever seemsto get her down.
8. Your children are very polite; they always say
Character " pl ease"and " thankY ou."
. . . beinga big s ta r " h a s g o n e to h e r h e a d ,"i n si stence 9. James tends to be rude; he makes impoiite re-
on perfection,quick-tempered,kind, yells a little, marks and behavesinappropriately.
angry behaviour 10. l ' m very easygoi ng,I' m easi l ypl easedand I get
along with most PeoPle.
Activities, Hobbies, Interests 11. He is veryintelligent;he hasa veryhigh lQ and can
...attendsHollywoodpartiesand charityevents solve complicatedmathematicalproblems in his
head.
Conclusion
12. Brian is stubborn; he always insists on having
. . . br ainsbeau
, ty ,fa me , mo n e y ,h a p p yfa mi l yli fe things his own waY.

14
 ExamFocus:Unit 1

(Thenrgivessfudentsthefotlowinglistofadiecfives onboardandSs decidewhichdescribepositivelnegativequalities.)

Positive: curious,helpful,pleasant,sociable,witty,amusing,reliable,sensible,
optimistic
NeEative:selfish,vain, pessimistic,naive,unreliable,dishonest

7 ' a) Adiectives and phrases which describe personalitywith justification

given: good sense of humour: he told
jokes and smiled a lot; patient: neverscolded; persuasive:
it was his style to reasonwith people;a tower of
strength: providingsupportand encouragement;quiet wisdom; affectionate;
love of life
b) ' Paragraph 4 gives informationabout the person'severydayactivities.
' The writerexpresseshis feelings
about his grandfatherin the last paragraph.
' Pasttensesare used here because
the writeris writingabout someonewho is dead.

Spidergram

1. Introduction 2. Appearance/Clothes
name of the person- time and averageheight,solid build, not too wrinkled
place I met him face, ruddy complexion,glasses,beard and
moustache,white hair,straw hat, casually
dressed
Grandfather
Ruskin
5. Concl u s i o n
3. Character
Commentsand feelingsabout the
good sense of humour,told jokes,
person:miss chattingand laughing
with him, I will alwaysremember smiled a lot, patient,persuasive,
his quiet wisdom,affectionatetouch tower of strength
and love of life

4. Activities/Hobbies
fi s h i n g ,w orki ngi n hi s
garden,repairing small
items in his workshop

8. 2. hearing 11 . smell 20. hearing 10. Phrases which suggest the use of the five
3. hear ing 12. smell 21. smell senses:
4. touch 13. taste 22. touch
5. touch Model 1: breathtakingscenery;fast-flowingriver
14. sight 23. hearing
6. s m ell crashes; river'sroar echoing;toweringgreen pine
15. sight 24. sight
7. taste trees;majesticin their beauty;impressiveback_
16. h e a ri n g 25. smell ground; pine trees blanketthe ground
8. taste 17. h e a ri n g 26. smell
9. s ight Model 2: cold tropicalfruit drink; white, soft sand;
18. to u c h
10. smell blue-greencolour of the water;watchingthe sunset
19. taste
Model 3: listento livelymusic;tastethe exoticfood:
(Note; To add interestto your writing, moving verbsl streetlight glowing in the misty eveningair
phrases can be used to describe sfafic featuis.
e.g. The track winds up the hiilside.) Moving Verbs/phrases
. fast-flowingrivercrashes(Model 1)
9. 1. moving 6. static 11. moving . these tours proceedalong the River
Thames
2. static 7. static 12. static passi ng...(Model3)
3. m ov ing 8. static 13. static
4. static Static Verbs/Phrases
9. static 14. static
5. m ov ing 10. moving . the riveris surroundedon eitherside (Model
15. static by 1)
. toweringgreen pine trees (Model l)
. thick rows of pine trees blanketthe ground
(Model1)
. the hotel is right on the beach (Model
2)
. situatedin the south-eastof ... (Model
3)

15
ExamFocus:Unit 1

1 1 . 1. F (Well-developed paragraphshave more than

Model 3 is the most formal of all three models. lt is
sentencesare complex,
writtenin an impersonalstyle; one sentence.)
paragraphsare well-developedwith a varietyof parti- 2.7
ciples (eg.situated).No shortforms or non-colloquial 3. F (Thestyle in Model 2 is informal.)
E nglis har e us ed . 4. F (Thestyle in Model 1 is formal.lt is simply
less formalthan the style in Model 3.)
Model 2 is the least formal of all three models' lt is 5.7
writtenin a very informalstylewith lots of idioms and 6.7
i diom at icex pr es s i o n s(e .g . i t' s n o th i n gs e ri o u s ,I' ve 7. T
beenso stressedout at work,etc).Shortformsare also 8.7
u s ed ( eg.T her e' sa l s o ). 9. F (Thefirst paragraphin the second model
includedgreetings,locationof the placeand
Model 1 is probablytakenfrom the "travel" section of reasonsfor choosingthe Place.)
a light-heartednewspaperor magazine.lt is writtenin 10.F (Shortforms are not acceptablein Model 3
a lessformalstylethan the third model but it is not as becauseit is a formal article.)
informalas the second model. The readeris directly
addressed,so that this piece of writing can have a 12. Sequence words in Model A: lmmediately,
persuasiveeffect on the reader. Fi nal l y
Sequence words in Model B: First,Then,Then,
Model 2 is obviously part of a letter to a friend Finally,After,Next,FinallY
because it is written in a very personal style. Use of - lmperativeformis usedwhenwritinginstructions.
colloquialEnglishand shortforms is widespread'The - Model B includessub-headingsbecauseit
sentencesare simple, and there are a lot of chatty describes d ifferentstages.
details. - Yes,they do.

Model 3 is probablytaken from a promotional l uxuri ous,gl ori ous

13. Opi ni on: entertai ni ng,
brochure issued by the Departmentof Tourism.lt is Size/Weight:huge, immense,minute
writtenin a strictlyimpersonalstyle,with a persuasive Age: modern,ancient
tone. Complex sentencesand well-developedpara- Shape: square,sPherical
l g l i s hm a k e i t a
gr aphs and us e o f n o n -c o l l o q u i aEn Colour: yellow,colourful,violet
formal piece of writing, which could be found in a Origin: Austrian,JaPanese,Swiss
seriousnewspaper. Material: leather,cotton,glass,crystal,brass

Paragraph Plans 14. (Iasks Ss where they could find thispiece of writing.
Answer:ln a letterdescribing an item you have /osf',)
. Model 1
Introduction: name and locationof the place,reason 1. smal l ,S w i ss 4. shi ny,yel low
for choosingthe Place 2. round,w hi te 5. smal l ,w hit e
paragraphs 2,3: particulardetailsof the place 3. el egant,bl ack,R oman 6. smooth,crystal
Conclusion: recommendationsabout the place
15. 1. from 4. down 7. in
. Model 2 2. with 5. to B. At
of place,reasonsfor
Introduction:greetings/location 3. in 6. under 9. with
choosingplace (T explains how to form PassiveVoice- The obiect of
paragraphs 2,3: descriptionof place,how to spend the active verb becomes the subiect in the new
free time se nten ce. The activeverb c hang es into a passive form
Conclusion: feelingsand finalthoughtsabout the and the subjectof the active verb becomes the agent
place which is either introduced with "by" or is omitted.)

. Model 3 1. Wine, made from grapes,was drunk by the par-

Introduction: name and locationof place,reasonfor
choosingthe place
paragraphs 2,3: detailsof the place, how to spend
free time there
Conclusion: recommendationabout the place
(Note the finalparagraph in each model. Model 1 ends
with a recommendation, Model 2 ends with the writer's
final thoughtsabout Jamaica,and Model 3 ends with a
quotation as well as a recommendation).
ticipants.
2. Eggs are decoratedwith colourfulstickersby
children.
3. The baby is dressed in white clothes for the
chri steni ng.
4. Riceand flowersare thrown by the guestsas the
newlywedsmake their way down the aisleof the
church.
5. Congratulationsareofferedto the brideand groom
by the guests.
6. Presentsare put under the Christmastree.

16
 ExamFocus:Unit 1

7. The militaryparade is watched by the crowd in Paragraph 3: personalitycharacteristics

awe. (tough; decisive; tough - struggled for many
B. Specialdishesare cooked at Easter. years; fiery lrish temper - gefs very angry when
L The roastwas flavouredwith spices. something bothers him; full of fun-plays viotin
when in a good mood)
1 6 . S ight : c olour f uls, h i n i n g ,d a rk , b ri g h t Paragraph 4: activities,hobbies,interests
Hear ing: laughi n g ,b o o mi n g ,l o u d , c l a n g i n g (gardening ; re pairing thi ngs)
Taste: bitter,delicious,spicy, salty,sweet Conclusion: cornrnents,feelingsabout the
Smell: fragrant,aromatic person
(inspiration to me; I admire him; gives me good
17. 1. rosy 6. mo v i n g advice)
2. glor ious 7. professional
3. Excited 8. b e a mi n g (Suggested answer)
4. preparations g. successful A personwho I respect,admireand love is my
5. luxurious 10. happily grandfatherWilliam.My first memories of him are
associatedwith laughter,fun and endlessstoriesthat
would alwayscaptivatemy brotherand me.
Paragraph plan:
H e' s qui te tal l and hi s bui l d i s muscul arfro m
Introduction: name,time, placeof event,reasonfor havingworked hardall his life.He's nearingseventy_
celebrating(what,when, where,why) ei ghtnow but he' ssti l lgottheenergyof ayoung ma n.
paragraph 2: preparations Grandfather'srugged face and thick white hair give
paragraph 3: descriptionof the actualevent him the airof a notoriouspirate.His mostoutstanding
Final paragraph: feelingsand comments featureis surelyhis eyes.Theyare piercing,grey,full
of lifeand seem to look right throughyou.
18. Examplesof PassiveVoice: Having migrated to Australiafrom lreland, he
struggled for many years to make a new life for
... and is celebrated by Christiansall over the
himselfand hisfamily.Thismade himtough,decisive
world...
and assertive.He's got a fiery lrish temper; when
... shop windowsare decorated with Christmas
somethingis botheringhim he gets very angry.He's
o rnam ent s. . , al soful lof fun - w henhe' si n a good mood he' l leven
... Christmaslistsare written to SantaClaus by pl ay hi s vi ol i nfor us.
c h i l d r e n. . .
Now he's a pensioner,of course, but he,s
...f inis hingt ouc h e sa re p u t o n C h ri s tm a sc a k e sa nd al w aysi nvol vedi n thi ngs.you' l lusual l yfi nd
p u d d i n g s. . . hi mi n th e
gardenor with a tool in his hand repairingsomething
... a Christmastree is decorated with ornaments... aroundthe house.
... glit t er inglight sa re h u n g i n th e s tre e ts... He'sa realinspiration to me. ,,Keepworkingand
... wr eat hsar e pla c e d o n c i ty b u i l d i n g s... fightinguntilyou accomplishyour goals",that,swhat
...the tearingof wrappingpaperis heard as giftsare he taught me. I real l y admi re hi m. H e came t o
exchanged, opened and admired ... Australiawith nothingand now I'm the Directorof ttre
... s nowm enar e ma d e ... company he set up.
... potatoesare served for dinner ...
2 . Paragraph plan (describing an object)
Paragraph plan:
Introduction:name,time, placeof event,reasonfor Introduction: reasonfor writing,time and place item
celebrating(what,when, where,why) was lost
Paragraph 2: preparations (lost sunglassesand case; 26 August;Sunny Days
Paragraph 3: descriptionof the actualevent Resort)
C onc lus ion:f eeli n g s Paragraph 2: descriptionof object
(glasses; beautiful, lightvveight,brown, plastic
19. 1. person 4. ceremony 7. festival frames; oval-shaped, g oId en-c oIouredplastic /enses
2. object 5. person case.' old, black, leather, initials(BJM) on it)
3 . ins t r uc t ions 6. place Conclusion: time and placeto be contacted,closing
remarks
1. Paragraph Plan (describing a person) [(0731) 950310;9am - Spm daity; t took foruard to
hearing from you.l
Introduction: name,time you met/sawhim/her
(Grandfather William; first memories - chitd)
Paragraph 2: physicalappearance
(quite tall; muscular build; rugged face; thick
white hair; piercing grey eyes)

17
ExamFocus:Unit 1
(Suggested answer)
Dear Sir,
I am writingto you to report the loss of my sun-
glassesand case.I lostthemwhilestayingatthe Sunny
Days Resort last month. Unfortunately,when I was
packingup to leaveat the end of my stay,I neglected
to includetheseitems,which I be!ievemust havefa!len
l wt a s i n room
under t hebed.Y o u rre c o rd s w i l l s h o w th a
3 14 unt il26 A ugu s t.
They are Ray-Ban sunglasseswith a beautiful,
brown.lightweight,plasticframe.The lensesare oval-
shaped,hav ea d e e p , g o l d e nc o l o u ra n d a re p l asti c'
The glasseswere in an old black leathercase,which
has rrryiniiials(BJM)on it.
I would appreciateit if you could ccntact me on
(0731)950310 betweenthe hoursof 9 am - 5 pm daily,
should you find the glassesand case.
YoursfaithtullY.
Be n j a m i nJ . Mc G i l l i c u d d Y
3. CImelette(Giving instructions)
S er ' r es4, I ngr ed i e n ts1: l a rg eo n i o n ,6 e g g s , p epper,
2 tbsp oli',reoil, salt, PePPer
1 " F ir s t ,c hop t h e o n i o n i n to s m a l lp i e c e s .T h e n heat
tl'reoliveoil in a fryingpan and fry the onion over a
moderateheat,stirringconstantlyfor about 6 min-
utes.
2. M eanwhile, w h i s ka l l th e e g g s to g e th e ri n a bow l ,
adding oneteaspoon of saltandpepper,according
to taste.
3. Next,increasetheheatin thefryingpan and add the
eggs. Fry the mixturefor a furthertwo minutes'
4. Wait untilthebottomstaftsto becomebrown,then
turn it over using a sPatula.
5. Finally,fry the omelettefor another3 minutesand
the omelettewill be readyto serve.
4. Faragraph plan (describing a eeremony)
lntroduction: : name-when-where-why
(baptism;when baby is about three monthsotd; in
church; to presentthe child to God and God's
people.)
Paragraph 2: preparations
(longgown is boughtfor baby; meetingwlthminister
takes place to arrange the baptism time; relatives
are informedof thetimethe baptismistotakeplace.)
Paragraph 3: clothes/foodiactivities
("Sundaybesf",'baby in long white gown; a small
reception with tea and buns)
Conclusion: feelings/thoughts/final comments
(qui et and d ig nified ceremony; p are ntsp resent their
child: becomesa member of the church; nice time
for the community)
18
(Suggested answer)
ln the church I belongto in my country,babiesare
baptisedat aboutthreemonthsold.The baptismtakes
place in church during the normal Sunday worship
service"The purposeof baptismis to presentthe child
to God and to God's people.The waterrepresentsthe
washingaway of sin.
Beforethe baptism,preparationsmust be made'A
long white gown is bought for the baby. The parents
meet with the minister to arrange the time of the
baptism.Once this is done, friendsand relativesare
informedof the date of the coming event.
At church, people wear their "Sunday hrest."The
baby'swhitegown fallsalmostto the flooras he or she
is held by one of the parents.The minister" asks the
parentsthe baby's name,and then sprinkieswatenon
the baby'sforehead,saying" [nameof child],I baptise
you in the name of tfre Father,the Son, and the Holy
Spirit."Afterthe service,a receptionis sometimesheid
for friends and family. Ham and cheese buns are
usuallyserved,withteato drink.Everyonewantsto see
the new baby.
A baFrtismis a beautifulceremonyir: my church;it
!s solennnarrddignified"The way the parentspresent
theirchildto God is moving.The otheril"'iembers enjoy
seeinga new additionto the "flock."
5. Paragraph Plan (describing a person)
Introduction:name of person,time you met/sawhim/
her
(Billy;homeless;met six monthsago)
Paragraph 2: physicalaPPearanee
(six feet tall; very skinny; about sixty-fiveyears old;
difi grey beard; blue eyes;handsameman; clothes
are filthy and ragged)
Paragraph 3: personalitycharacteristics and justifi-
cation
(friendly-talksabouthislife;goodsenseof humour-
jokesabout himself; anirnated- gestures a lot;
intelligent - knowledge of music)
Paragraph 4: activities,interests,hobbies
(rnusic,talksabout singers)
Gonclusion: Comments/feelings about the person
(tearnednat to iudge people by the way they look)
(Suggested answer)
The most unusual person I have ever met is a
homelessperson who sleeps under the porch of an
abandonedhousenearmy school.I met him aboutsix
monthsago. His name is Billy,but everyonecallshim
" Ol d B i l l y" .I met hi m w hi l ew al ki ngto schoolone day.
Old Billyis more than six feet tall and very skinny.
He is aboutsixty-five yearsold. He nevershaves,sc he
has a dirty grey beard that reacheshalfuay down his
chest. Surprisingly,his blue eyes twinkle and it is
obvious that he was once a handsome rnan. His
clothes are filthy and ragged, as he never changes
them.

I've spoken to Old Billyseveraltimes. He is really
a very friendlychap, and he enjoystalkingabout his
life.He has a good senseof humour,and likesto make
j o k es about him se l fw h e n te l l i n gs to ri e s .Ol d B i l l yi s
veryanimated.He gesturesa lotwith his handsand his
whole body, and neverfailsto make me laugh.
Old Billy is intelligent.He certainlyhas a lot of
knowledgeabout music,and lovesto discuss
classicalmusic.He speaksabout pavarottiandcallas
as if they were personalfriends.
From knowing Old Billy,I've learnednot to judge
peopleby the way they look.Old Billylookslikea stray
d o g, but hiswit and k i n d n e s ss h i n eth ro u g hh i s u n ti dy
appearance.
6 Paragraph Plan (describing a place)
Introduction:name ancilocationof place,reasonsfor
choosingthe place
(Mt. Bulla; Austraiia;popular winter r*sort)
Paragraphs 2-3: detailsof place-sigl-;ts, spending
free time
(winding road; pine trees: {r+s,:a,r; snow;
trad itionaily-hu ilt h oteIs; re staurant; cafeteria; d isc o ;
skiing;sfti shorrys;relaxby fireptace)
eonclusion: cornments,feelingsabout the place
(ski-tover'sparaorse; fabulous resort;heautifu!area:
fun skiing with friends)
(Suggestedanswer)
I\4ountBulla is'one of the most popular winter
resortsin Australia.lt is abouta six or seven-hourdrive
from ihe city. The resort itself is on the side of the
mountainabout one thousandmetresup.
The drive up is breathtaking.As yorj go up the
windingroad,the pinetreessurroundyou and you can
smell how freshand clearthe air is. Snow has usually
fallenand the groundis coveredin awhite biankei.The
actual resort is made up of three traditionally-built
hotels.Eachone hasa luxuriousrestaurantand a cosy
cafeteria.The largestof the three has a disco.
Just abovethe hotelsis the ski-liftwhichtakesyou
to the top of the slopes.Thereare also skiinginstiuc_
torswho teachbeginners.euite oftenthereare special
shows put on by professionalskiers,which are fasci-
natingto watch.
After skiing all day you can relax in front of the
fireplacein your room or in the hotel,shuge and
ccmfortableloungearea.
ExamFocus:Unit 1
You must like skiing to enjoy your stay as Mount
Bulla is a ski-lover'sparadise.you will always enjoy
yourself when you go there because the resort is
fabulous,the areais beautifulandskiingthereis great.
7. Paragraph Plan
Introduction: name,time, place,reasonfor
celebrating
(Rio Carnival;August; before Lent)
Paragraph 2: preparations
(musiciansand bands practise;outfitsdesigned
and sewn; sfa//sconstructed; floatsbuitt and
decorated)
Paragraph 3: descriptionof the actualevent
(parade; colourful floats,bright cosfumes;
crau,rdedsfreefs; samba music)
Conclusion: feelings,comments,thoughts
(joytui; spectacular; danc ing)
(Suggestedanswer)
The Rio Carnivalis a famous festivalr.vhichtakes
place every year before Lent.
Preparationsstart months before.The many peo_
ple in'rolved,
the majorityof whom arevolunteers, work
endless hours organisingand preparingthe event.
Musiciansand bands practise,outfits are designed
and sewn, stalls are constructed,and floats for the
paradeare built and decorated.
The carnival lasts about a week. Thousands of
people come to see the colourfulfloats and bright
costumes.Allthestreetssurroundingthe paraderoute
are crowdedwith peoplewho havecome to enjoythe
samba music. Bands are scattered all around the
carnivalarea.lmpressivefireworksdisplaysarestaged
in the evenings,fillingthe spectatorswith awe.
The RioCarnivalis reallyexciting.The atmosphere
is joyful.Localinhabitantsand touristsalikeenjoythis
spectacularoccasion.Everyonehas a greattime
da.ncingin Rio'sstreets.
19
Unit 2: Paft 1

Unit 2
4. 1. thrilling 6. overw hel mi ng
Unit2-Part1 impressive 7. entertainment
2.
3. humdrum 8. attractions
Warm-upActivities:Part 1 (P.32) 4. houses 9. sampling
5. breathtaking 10. multi-faceted
. ( S ugges t edansw e rs ):T h i sp l a c ei s i n l ta l y .l t' sV eni ce
and it's famousfor its gondolasand its carnival. (Note that exercise4 can be used as a model lor Ss
when they will be asked to write a descriptive compo-
. (Suggested answers) sitionin "Follow-up Activities"secfion.)
Veniceis built on water.
Thereare gondolas. 5. a) 1.discern 3, peered 5. stare
There'sa carnivalheld there everyyear. 2. gazed 4. peeping
peer - to look closelyas if you can't see well
. Warm-up Listening ActivitY peep - to l ook qui ckl yand sl Y l Y
1 . alley s 3. c a n a l 5. arsenic 7. dull discern - to see with difficultY
2 . boat 4. p a i n ti n g 6. painted stare - to look rudely
gaze - to look at sth/sb for a long time
ReadingTask:Part1 (P.32-33) b) 1. crunch 3. lap 5. munch
2. chew 4. l i ck 6. suck
1. B 2.C 3.H 4.A 5.E 6.G
6. 1. eastern 5. traditional 9. entertainment
2. absol utel y 6. sel ecti on 10. bored
VocabularyExercises:Part 1 (p. 34-35) 3. exhausti ng 7. adventurous 11. sui tabl e
4. si ghts 8. reputati on 12. necessi t ies
1. revellers- peopleenjoyingthemselvesin a noisyway
flit - to move quicklyfrom one placeto another (As an extension T can ask Ss to find pictures of tvvo
theme park - an entertainmentpark with rides,etc. placesand compare and contrastthem.)
jetties - wooden platformsbuilt out into a river,canal
etc for boats to moor at 7. 1. . . . m a d e u p f o r t h e d e l a Y. . .
em er ge - t o app e a r,b e c o m ev i s i b l e 2. . . . m a d e u p a s t o r Y. . .
waterfront - area beside water 3. . . .t o b e m a d ef o r . . .
r ubbis h dum p - a p l a c ew h e reru b b i s hh a s b een 4. . . .t o m a k eo u t t h e s h i P. . .
disposedof 5. ... made awaY/offwith ...
regrettably - sadly
hum dr um - dul l ,u n e x c i ti n go r o rd i n a ry Follow-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 35)
remnants - small parts or pieces remaining
queue - line of peoplewaitingfor sth/todo sth . (Suggestedquestions): When is carnivalseasonin
outlying - situatedaway from the centreof sth Venice?Who painted"Paradise?"How do people in
t r anquilit y- c a l m,u n d i s tu rb e dc o n d i ti o n Venicego to work? How is glass made?What is the
stark contrast - completeand obviousdifference R i o di S an Luca?
overwhelming - too much to cope with
. (Suggestedanswer)
2. 1. blaze 5. lagoon 9. chilly
2. gat her 6. g l o ri o u s 1 0 . tu c k e daw ay I visitedVenicelast Februaryat carnivaltime' lt
3. f loc k ed 7. munched was reallycrowded.Duringthe dayyou can seepeople
4. m oor B. hapless travellingto work by boat and shoppingfrom floating
shops,V eni cei s ful lof canal s,one of w hi ch,the Riodi
3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise these text- San Luca, is now drained.Lots of rubbishand even
retated collocations and expressions.f checks in the old coins have been found there.I visitedmany
nexf /esson.) churchesbecauseI loveart,and I evensaw "Paradise",
1. remnants 7. works 13. shadowY that huge paintingby Tintoretto.In Muranowe saw a
8. mu l ti -fa c e te d 14. to l l i ng glass-blowingdemonstration,but the lagoon smelt
2. s hopping
to create 9. opera 15. snatches avufulso we didn'tswim.On a day-tripto Buranoltook
3.
th i c k 16. s e v erel Y photos of the paintedhouses.lt was reallypeaceful.
4. c ar niv al 10.
ghostly 11. aglimPse B acki n V eni ce,therearen' tmanycl ubsor d iscos,
5.
12. slimy but we walkedroundthe city.lt'sa fascinatingplaceto
6. oil
vi si t.

20
 Unit2: Part2

GrammarCheck:part 1 (p. 35) 2. 1. disposition 6. sti mul ate

2. perception 7. tri gger
1. . . . b e i n gs p o k e nt o l i k et h a t . . . 3. rage B. provoked
2. . . . was m ade t o c o n fe s s(to ) ... 4. counterpart 9. naive
3. . . . was hav ingmy h a i r d o n e ... 5. absorbi ng 10. consi stentl y
4. . . . ar e s or t edby ...
5. ... are reportedto have arrested... 3. (Ss should be encouraged to memorise fhese fexf-
6. . . . will hav et o b e ty p e d ... related collocations and expressions. f checks in the
7. . . . was n' tallow e dto u s e ... nexf /esson).
B. . . . ar e beings el e c te d...
1. the roots 5. to see 9. public
9. . . . is s aid t o have l e ft ...
10.
2. to paint 6. to make 10. di sturbi ng
. . . was t he c r im ed i s c o v e re d...
3. to keep 7. rew ard 11. untouched
4. proneto B. the key 12. pushedup
Unit2 - Parl2
4. (/f Ss have difficulty, T can help them by eliciting or
Warm-up part2 (p.36)
Activities: explaining the meaning of each adjective in the list.)

. positive: delig hted,overjoyed,content(ed),

jolly,glad,
(Sugges t edans we r):T h e p e o p l ei n a l l th re ep i c tu res
merry,carefree,pleased,joyful,cheerful,happy,good_
look extremelyhappy. No matterwhat age they are tempered.
th e y s eem t o be en j o y i n gth e i rl i v e s .
(Note: content = happy; not wanting more;
. (Su gges t edans we r):g o o d h e a l th ,a c l o s efa m i l y, contented : safisfied;showing or feeling content)
a satisfyingjob, lots of friends,hobbies,a nice house, negative : anxious,dissatisfied,miserable,mournful.
travel,wealth. fed up, sorroMul,depressed,heartbroken,blue,
discontent(ed),bored, moody, in low spirits,bad-
. Warm-up Listening Activity tempered.
1. mystery 4. different 7. busy (Suggestedoccasions when those fee!ings are
2. study 5. happy 8. inactivity experienced)
3. disease 6. disturbinq
Before an exam/test/interview - anxious
ReadingTask:Part2 (p.30-37) End of a relationship- heartbroken,moody, bad-
tempered
7. B (Ln B-9) 1 1 . C ( L n3 6 ) Nothingto do - fed up, bored
B. A (Ln 16-17) 12. D (Ln38-39) Failingan exam/test- depressed,low,miserable,blue,
e C (Ln 26-28) 13. C (Ln 41-43) i n l ow spi ri ts
10. B ( Ln 29- 30) Not gettinga pay rise - dissatisfied,discontent(ed)
Aftersomeone'sdeath - mournful,sorrowful
VocabularyExercises:Part2 (p 38-39) The bifth of a baby -delighted,overjoyed
Aftera good meal - content(ed)
1. depression - feelingof misery Socialisingwith friends- jolly, merry
hostile - unfriendly Passingan exam/test- happy, pleased,glad
abusive - aggressivetowardsothers On holiday- carefree,joyful,cheedul,good-tempered
affluent - wealthy (As an ertension T can ask Ss to ratethe adjectiyesof
significantly - enoughto be easilynoticeable Ex. 5 from the weakest one to the strongesfone. e.g.
moods - statesof mind (happy,sad etc) merry,jolly, pleased,glad, cheer-ful,happy,content(ed),
brains - organsin head usedfor thought,memoryand delighted, overjoyed...)
fe e l ing
passive - not active
5. 1. self-controlled 4. self-confident
comprises - consistsof 2. self-esteem 5. self-centred
h i g h - ener gy- s t im u l a ti n g 3. sel fi sh
process - systemby which sth works
doubt - uncertainty 6. 1 . D 2.8 3.D 4.8 5.A 6.C
aspects - features
praise - statedadmiration 7 . 1 , o n c l o u dn i n e 4. mi xedfeel i ngs
reward- sthgivento sb as praisefor sththey havedone 2. no hardfeel i ngs 5. C heerup
ch a l lenging- dif f ic u l bt ut possible 3. i n hi gh spi ri ts
well-being - state of being contentand happy
goals - targets

21
Unit2: Part2

8 . 1. . . . los t his / he rte mp e rw i th ... Follow-upActivities:Part2 (P.39)

2. . . . bur s tout la u g h i n g i b u rsi tn to l a u g h te r...
3. . . . bur s t int ot e a rs ...
4. . . . am look ingfo rw a rdto ...
5. . . . am ( r eally)fe d u p w i th ...
6. . . . in a v er y go o d m o o d ...
7. . . . had enoug ho f th a t m u s i c ...
8. . . . t o r ais ehis v o i c e ...
9. (Suggested answers)
a. furious - when I see someonetreatedunfairly
simplybecauseof theirnationalityor skincolour.In
this case I'd proteststrongly.
b. angry - when I see people dropping litter.ln this
case I'd start complainingstrongly.
c. in low spirits - when I'm far awayfrom the people
I love. In this case I'd call them.
d. overjoyed - when I have my first baby. ln this
c as e,l' d s ing a l l d a y l o n g .
e. bored - when I have nothingto do. In this case I'd
lis t ent o s om e mu s i c .
t. stressed - when there'snot enoughtime to get my
work done. In this case,I'd try to relaxand then go
on with my work.
10. (Before Ss do Ex. 10 T elicits various reasons for sb
being depressed or happy and writes them on the
board.)
(Notes for the Teacher)
other reasons for sb being depressed: received
bad news,lonely,her pet dog was hit by a car,herflat
was burgled,she had a car accidentand hurtsb, she
might be lost,she might have been evictedfrom her
flat etc.
other reasons for sb being happy: heard a joke,
school may have just ended for the year, has been
accepted into university,just won the lottery,found a
greatflat,got excellentexam results,has been given
a nice presentetc.
(Suggestedanswer)
A time when I was very happywas when I managedto
pass my universityentranceexams.lt was a mixtureof
happinessand reliefas a lot of tensionbuildsup while
waitingfor the results.The nearerthe day of the results
came, the more anxietyI felt, untilthe envelopecon-
tainingthe resultsarrived.Afteropeningthe envelope
the feelings of happiness,joy and relief I felt were
indescribableafterworkingso hardfor so manymonths.
(T writes the notes on the board eliciting them from Ss
then helshe asks Ss to give a one-minute talk on
"happiness.')
Features: healthier/morefriendly,less self-centred/
hostile/abusive
Research:2 basic hapinesscentresin brain:
a) dopaminechemical- passivehappiness
b) adrenaline-type chemicals- high-energystate of
happiness
llbw people perceive happiness: happinesscon-
fused with anxiety,rage, doubt, sadness
What to do to be happy: know how to deal with
disturbingevents,do sth for the pleasureof doing it,
keepyour brainbusy- activeand challenginglifestyle,
make a world that improveswell-beingand self-es-
teem, get more satisfactionfrom your goals/circum-
stances,
GrammarCheck:Part2 (p. 39)
2. ,/ 5. he B . he
3. them 6./ e. /
4. it 7. it 10. he

(Suggested answer)
In the firstpicturethere'sa woman on her own. lt looks
as if she is havingproblems.She may be crying.In the
second picturethere are two women. They look ex-
tremelyhappy in contrastto the girl in the first picture
who looks depressed.The woman in the first picture
may be facingfinancialproblemsand be feelingdes-
perate.She could also have broken off with her fiancd
and that is making her feel awful.The women in the
second pictureare probably on holiday so they are
havinga reailynicetime.Alternatively, they could have
won a competitionand are now celebrating. etc.

22
 Unit2: Part3

Unit2-Part3

Vfarm-upActivities:Part3 (p. 40)

" (T draws on the board the following spidergram and writes down so/ne worcis retatedto the topic (footbatq,
then T asks Ss to come up with words related to each aspecf of the sport.)

garne,Cup Final,extratime, penalty,cup, foul, defend.dri bbl e,tackl e,toss (a coi n),ki ck,
away match, draw, league,goal, match, nil, blow (a whistle),attack,shot, kick off, score,
friendlymatch, home match,World Cup guard (the nets)
I

stands,stadium,park,benches, goalkeeper,fans, team, footballplayer,

changingrooms,field,pitch coach, referee,director,linesman,
manager

w h i s tl e ,n e t, b a l l ,goal posts, kit, footballboots,

yellow/redcards, l i n e sman' sfl ag,fl oodl i ghts

(Suggestedanswer)I don'tlikefootballbecauseI thinkit'sa ratherviolentsport.

(Suggestedanswer)Hooligans oftenrunontothepitchor throwthingsat theplayers. Theyfightwiththefansof the
otherteams.on TV,l'veseenstadiumsseton fireand seatsrippedup.

Warm-upListeningActivity
1. F 2 . T 3 .F 4.T 5 .T 6 .T 7.F 8.7

ReadingTask:Part3 (p. 4A-4D 2 . (Tshould explainany unkm(,wnvocabularybeforeSsdo

the exercise.After Ss l,.er.*ry'*..?e
the exercise, f asks
1 4 . F 1 5 .| 1 6 .B 1 7 . E 1 8 .c 1 9 .A 2 0 .D them lo c/ose their b*r.,tii; afid remember as much
equipment for each spc':?;s possib/e.)
VocabularyExercises:Part3 (p.zt2-43) archery: arrow, bow, i::rget
ice hockey: puck, sticiq., helmet,net
1 . transforrned- completelychanged tennis: ball, racket,net
mass - large area or amount of sth badminton: racket,shuttlecock,net
battlefields - areas where fighting occurs cycl i ng: bi cycl e,hel met
trenches - ditches dug to protect soldiers during gol f: cl ub, bal l
wartime sw i mmi ng:goggl es
no-man's-land- area betweenfightingsides in batile baseball: bat, ball
were positioned - were placed rowing: oar, boat
wandered - walked,usu withouta destinationin boxing: gloves
mind
unorthodox - not expected,not normal 3 . (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese fexf-
stoned - threw stones at sth/sb related collocations and expressions.f checks in
riot - event when a crowd becomes violentand out of the next /esson).
control
display - show 1. to return 7. to commit
cheating - breakingrules 2. fel l 8. to make
drug barons - the heads of illegaldrug-dealing 3. to establish 9. to score
businesses 4. a matter 10. since
5. to shake 11. one report
6. crossi ng 12. to display

23
Unit2: Paft3

4. (T shouldexplainwhat each eventis if necessaryin the 7. football: pitch

Ss'mothertongue.) gol f: course
basketball: court
track events: (eventswhich involverunning;events sw i mmi ng:pool
that take place on the track) hurdles,relay,sprint, boxi ng: ri ng
long distance car-racing: track/course
field events: (eventsthat take place off the track) tennis: coutl
shot-put,discus,javelin,high-jump,pole-vault volleyball: court
hurdles - race in which runnersmust leap over skati ng:ri nk
obstacles athl eti cs:gymnasi um
relay - race involvingteams of four runnersin which a
baton is passed Well,I likefootballa lot becauseit'sa competitivesport
sprint - short race in which athletes run as fast as whichinvolveshardtraining.ltofferslotsof excitement'
possibleduring the entirerace However,sometimesit causesviolence.Also,foot-
- anyfootraceof 5'000m
longdistance or longer bal l erscan hurtthemsel vesw hi l epl ayi ng.
shot-put - eventin which a heavymetalball is thrown
8. 1. terrain -->
withone handasfaras possiblefroma positionagainst Pitch
2. referee -) umPire
the nec k
3. pitch -+ court
discus - eventin whichaflat,roundobjectis thrownas
4. path -+ track
far as possible
5. bath -+
javelin - eventin which a spear-likeobjectis thrownas Pool
far as possible
high-jump- eventin whichathletesleapovera bar,the 9. (Suggestedanswer)
height of which is progressivelyraised Rugbyis playedon a pitchwhilewindsurfingis a water
pole-vault- eventin which a long pole is used to leap sport. Rugby is a more dangerousspoft than wind-
o v er a high bar , th e h e i g h to f w h i c h i s p ro g re ssi vel y surfi ng.The equi pmentneededi n orderto pl ayrugby
raised is fairlyinexpensivewhereasexpensiveequipmentis
needed for windsurfing.Rugby is both a violentand
5. 1. game 9. goalposts
dangeroussport. Moreover,one risksgettinginjured
2. match 10. lines w hi l e pl ayi ng.On the contrary,w i ndsurfi ngi s a r ela-
3. toss a coin 11 . beat tively safe sport. Of course one has to be a strong
4. team 12. win sw i mmeror one coul d drow n.etc
5. score 13. manager
6. play er 14. s u p p o rte rs (BeforeSscomparethe othersporfsT elicitsideasfrom
7. k ic k 15. Final Ss and writesthem on the board,fhen Ss work inclosed
8. goalk eeP er pairs.T checksround the c/ass,fhen asks some pairs
to report to the c/ass.)
6. a) 1. gain 3. beat , ghinjur y
techni calhi
B oxi ng:ri ng,vi ol ent,dangerous,
2. win 4. defeated risk,too comPetitiveetc
b) 1 . threshold 3. limit Tennis: court, safe,ratherexpensiveequipment,
2. bor der 4. b o u n d a rY technical,safe etc
c) 1. fans 3. staff 5. mob Waterpolo: watersport,team sport, competitive,
2. congregation 4. audience 6, spectators safe etc
a) 1. gain : t o o b ta i n ,g e t Car racing: individualsport, expensiveequipment,
2. win : to be the victor in a game hi gh i nj uryri sk,demandi ngetc
3. beat = to defeat
4. defeat = to beat 10. 1. l ook after 5, l ookedup to
b) 1. threshold : eXdctspot where one entersa 2. l o o ki t u o 6, look into
place; (fig)point of beginningsth 3. l ookthrough 7. looks back on
2. border = divisionbetweencountries 4. l ook round B. l ookeddow n on
3. lim it = e n d
4. boundary = d i v i d i n gl i n e Follow-upActivities:Part3 (p. 43)
c) 1. fan = sb who admiresa performer,team etc
very much (Suggested answers)
2. congregation = group of peoplewho attenda . All spectatorsshouldhavea membershipcard. lf fans
church act badly,their card would be taken away.
3. staff = peoplewho work in a place Prison sentences might deter hooligans.Also, the
4. audience = peoplewho attenda performance policeshould searchfans more carefully'
5. mob = uncontrolledcrowd of people
6. spectator - personwho watchesa sporting . hunti ngetc
boxi ng,bul l -fi ghti ng,
event

24
 Unit2: Part4

(T writes the headingson the board and complefes fhe VocabularyExercises:Part4 (p. 46)
table eliciting answers from Ss. Ss, then, work on their
own. T invites some Ss fo report to the c/ass./ 1 . convinced- sure
When/Where: FirstWorld War/Franco-Belgian prevention - act of stoppingsth from happening
border burglar-proof - protectedfrom burglars
Armies involved: ScottishSeaforlhHighlanders, suspicious - thinkingthat sth is wrong
9th GermanRoyalSaxon Infantry glamorises - makes sth seem exciting
How it began: shootingstopped,everyonesang rebellious - not behavingthe way one is told
Giftsexchanged:cigarettes, meattins,watches,rings, decent - good
photosshown job-placement- of programmeschemethat helps
The game: football peopl efi nd j obs
After the game: back to war inhabitants- residents
arm - to carry weapons
I rememberthat day as clearlyas if it were yesterday. aware - alert
It was late on Christmas Eve, and we'd stopped crime rate - number of crimes being committed
shooting.Someof the Germansstartedsinging"Silent death penalty - punishmentby which sb is put to
Ni g ht "and we joine di n .T h e ns i l e n c efe l l ,u n ti l th en ext death for crimescommitted
morningwhen some of the German9th RoyalSaxon taxpayer - person who pays taxes
lnfantrycame out of theirtrenchesand wanderedinto
no mans land. We showed each other pictures,and 2 . (Ss shou/d memorise these text-relatedcollocafions
offered each other cigarettesand things. Then we and expressions.T checks in the next lesson.)
playeda game of football.We knewwe would haveto
1. to cheat 9. pl ays
go back to war afterwards,but for that one day we were
2. the key 10. to ruin
friends.lt was a verymovingday,and I will neverforget
3. to lead 11. to reduce
i t. 4. to commi t 12. better
5. to obey 13. crime
GrammarCheck:Part3 (p. 43) 6. to become 14. a much
7. on duty 15. police
2.the 6. ./ 10. the 1 4 .t h e gi ven
8. 16. death
3 . the 7. the 11 . the 15. r'
4 . the B. ,/ 12. th e 3 . 1. accused 6. detained
5 . T he 9. the 13. ,/ 2. magistrates 7. custody
3. charged B. tri al
Unit 2: Part 4 4. pl eaded 9. evi dence
5. bai l 10. innocence
Warm-upActivities:Part4 (p.44)
4" (T explainsthe words in bold if Ss have difficultydoing
(Suggestedanswers) Ex. 4)

. 1. brokei n 4. stol e 7. raped

Thefirstpictureshowsan attemptedmurderor assault
2. evaded 5. sl aughter 8. smuggle
scene.The secondone shows robberyor kidnapping
3. robbed 6. mugged
and the last one shows pickpocketing
. 5. 1. arson 7. ki dnappi ng
C a u s es : unem plo y me n t,b o re d o m ,ri c h -p o o rd i v ide,
2. drunkendri vi ng 8. murder
lack of security etc
3. terrorism 9. burgl ary
Ways of Preventing Crime: betterlocks,don't keep
4. armed robbery 10. vandal i sm
cash in the house,don't tell peopleyou'reaway,better
5. tax evasion 11. assaul t
street-lighting, don't walk alone in dangerousstreets,
6. mugging 12. theft
tell sb where you are, carry an alarm etc.
6. (Suggestedanswers)
. Wa r m - up Lis t enin gAc ti v i l y : 2 ,3 , 6 , 9
1. arson - communityservice/along prisonsentence
2. drunken dri vi ng - a ban on dri vi ngand a fi ne
ReadingTask:Part4 (p. 44-451 3. terrorism - life imprisonment/along prison
sentence
21,22, 23.C, D, E (inanyorder) 31. B 4 . armed robbery - a long prison sentence
24. C 32. A 5 . tax evasion - a fine/ashort prisonsentence/com-
25.E 33. D munity service
26,27, 28.A, C, D (inanyorder) 34. D 6 . mugging - a short prison sentence/community
29,30.B, C (inanyorder) 35. E service
7 . ki dnappi ng- a l ong pri sonsentence
8 . murder - l i fei mpri sonment

25
Exam Focus: Unit 2

9. burglary - a short/lonEprisonsentence ExamFocus- Listening:Unit2 (p. 48)

10. vandalism - communityservicela finelawarning
1 1. as s ault - a s h o rl /l o n gp ri s o ns e n te n c e (Part 2 is a ntanologue or brt involving interacting
12. theft - a shotl prisonsentence speakers. /t /asfs about 3 minutes. Ss /isten the first
time and fill in any gaps tney can. Ss /isten again
Follow-upActivities:Part4 (p. 46) filling in the restand checking their answerslo see if
they make sense.)
. houses not secure -+ lock up, installalarm, label 9. a lie
l yi ng/tel l i ng
va luableslight
, up h o u s ea n d g a rd e n ,s ta rtn e i g h bour- 10. being asked/invited/allowedin
hood watch schemes 11. - home/mainservices
householdfacilities/services
TV/films/musicglamorise crime -+ educate 12. sel lthi ngs
ch ildr en,s et a go o d e x a mp l e 13. a chain
unemployment -+ job trainingschemes 14. provethei r i denti ty
criminals set free too early + longer sentences 15, phone their companyichecktheir reason
16. the tel ephone
. (Suggested answer) 17. passwordsystem
In my opinion a lot of crime is causedthroughlack of 18. thei r cl othi ng
security.My advice would be to lock up carefullyand
installan alarm.Always labelyour valuables.I would Part 2
alsolightup the gardenat night.TVand filmsglamorise You will hear a talk given by a policeman to a group of
crime.lf I were you, I'd educatemy childrento tellright parents.For questions 9 to 18, fill in the mrssrng
from wrong and lwould always set a good example. information.
A lot of crimesare committedby unemployedyoung-
sters.The governmentreally should set up job train- Speaker:All of us have had enough of burlr r'.'. Now
ing schemes. I firmly believe that neighbourhood I am heretoday to tell you how you can heip your
"rs,
watch schemeshelp preventcrimes.Finally,it is said neighbourhood andyourselvesinthecampaignagainst
that criminals are set free too early. In my view, burglary.Burglarscarry out their crimes behind your
prisonersshould be taughtto be responsiblecitizens back,whileyou'reout, in the nightand directlyin front
beforethey are released. of you. Now todaywe're concernedwiththis lastg roup
- those who pretendto have a reasonto call at your
ExamFocus- Useof English:Unit2 (p.47) house,but are reallyafteryour money or goods.
We call them bogus callers.Now these types get
you to co-operatewith them simply by gettingyou to
(Part 1 is a modified cloze Ert containing 15 gaps
invitethem in. And to get you to do that they have to
followed by 15 four-option multiple choice quesfions.
convinceyou that they havea legitimatereasonto be
Ss read through the brt b get an understandingof its
allowedintoyour home.Whatthey say is nottrue- they
general meaning. Then Ss read the Ert a second time
dependon you believinga storyand then lettingthem
trying to find the answer. Keep in mind that some
in to carry out their so-called"job." Now we are all
choices are meant to be misleading. Ss should read a
connectedto variousauthoritiesand institutions- as
third time to check if their choices make sense).
part of our daily lives. We can't possibly know in
advanceallthe reasonswhy someoneshouldneedto
Part 1 communicateor co-operatewith us - and this is what
the bogus cal l erexpl oi ts.
1. B 4.A 7, C 1 0 .B 1 3 .B The most common,and the most crediblereason,
2.8 5.A 8.A 1 1 .D 1 4 .A is the servicecall. Every householdknows that gas,
3.C 6.C 9.C 12. D 1 5 .C water and telephonefacilitiesneed attentionand that
people from the respectivecompanieswill read me-
Prepositions ters, check the safetyand workings of the serviceand
so on.
1. of 13. w i th ,o n 25. for Anotheridealopportunityto convinceyou to open
2. between 14. in 26. on up your door is to offerthat temptingobject that you've
3. by 15. at 27. on always wanted, at a bargain price. Best of all, some-
4. wit h/ in/ by 16. in 28. of thingthatneedstobe demonstrated- inside,of course.
5. with/to 17. at 29. to Puta chainon yourfrontdoor - keep it on - carryout
6. on 18. at 30. of all communicationswith it secured until you have
7. wit h/ by 19. i n /o n 31. in decidedto open the door fully.
8. to 20. in 32. of Nobody must be allowedin underthe guiseof any
9. in 21. at 33. on officialservice until you are satisfiedthat their call is
10. by 22. of 34. onioff genuine.Theyshouldhavesome meansof authorised
11. on 23. on 35. of identification- from whoeverthey represent.Before
12" in 24. w i th

26

anythingelse,get them to show you this. lf they can't
- don't let them in. Stilldon't untilyou'resatisfiedas to
th eir pur pos e,lf i t' s a g e n u i n ec a l l e r,h e o r s h e w on' t
m indwait ingwhil ey o u c a l l th ec o m p a n y .l f n o t,th ena
telephone call might have saved you from a rather
nasty surprise.
Nowthesedaysit is evenpossiblefor boguscallers
to haveacohortattheend of thatline,whoanswersand
fals elyas s ur esy o u th a t th e c a l l e ri s g e n u i n e .T hi s i s
ratheran extremecase, but it's as well to be awareof
the latesttricks.Some companiesknow this, so they
have introduced a password system. You know a
particularword - for example"Homeserve" or "Linkup"
- and their servicepersonor representative does too.
You ask them to say it - and if it corresponds- you let
them in. Ask any companywhose servicesyou use if
they have this system.
You can also check by lookingat what the calleris
wearing.Some officialcallerswillweara uniform- with
the company'slogo on it. lf someonecomes dressed
in a way you don't think seems right,then trust your
o w n judgem enta n d d o n ' t l e t th e m i n .
Remember- it's your home. lf you are suspicious,
call the police.Don't become a victim.
ExamFocus- Speaking:Unit2 (p. 49)
part 3
(ln Part 3 Ss are examined in pairs. Theyare given
visual prompts which generate a discussion and thev
tatk with one another. Ss look carefully at the visual
prompts concentrating on relevant details. The con-
versationshould not be dominated by one student Ss
have to talk only aboutthe tasktheinteruiewerhasgiven
them. This part /asfs about 3 minutes.)
(Suggested answers)
SA; I would chooseto go to Jamaicaif I could because
it looks like a tropicalparadise.
SB,'I would rathergo to Rome becauseI'd liketo visit
the Colosseumand see the SistineChapel.
SA; l'd prefertospend my days lyingon the beachand
sw im m ingin t he se a , a n d g e n e ra l l yb e i n g l a z y .
SB; I disagree.I like to keep active when I go on
holiday, otherwiseI get bored very quickly. I enjoy
seeingthe sightsand visitingdifferentplaces.
SA; In JamaicaI would get a suntanand perhapslearn
to scuba-diveor sail if it wasn't too difficult.
SB; I would definitelygo on a guidedtour of Rome if I
went there, and I would also go to look at all the
designershops there.
SA; I wouldn't need to take many things to Jamaica
with me, just a few pairs of shortsand t-shirts.
SB; Don'tforgetthat you'd needa swimmingcostume
as well! | would take clothesthat are quite smafi to
Rome becauseeveryonethere is so well-dressed.
SA;Youwouldalsoneedto takea cameraso you could
take lots of pictures,wouldn'tyou?
SB . ' Y es ,t hat ' sr ig h t,a n d s o w o u l d y o u !
ExamFocus;Unit2
Part 4
(ln Part4 Sstalkwith one anotherabout mattersrelated
to the theme of Part3. Ss should listento their partner's
answers and respond accordingly. It is important to
remember that when one partner is speaking, helshe
should not be interruptedbythe other.Part4lasfsabouf
4 minutes.)
(Suggestedanswers)
SA; My idealholidaydestinationwould be somewhere
hot and sunny, like the Seychellesor Thailand.
SB; Mine would be somewherewith a lot of thingsto
see and do, l i keGreece.
SA.'Yes,Greecewould be excitingto visit,but l'd prefer
to go somewheremore exotic.
SA; I wouldn'tneed to take much with me exceptlight
clothesand a bathingcostume.
SB; You'd also need a hat and lots of suntanlotionso
as not to get burnt in the hot sun.
SA,'Yes,you're right.You wouldn'tneedto take many
things with you either,would you?
SB.'No, just comfortableclothesto wear, really.
SA; I usuallygo on holidayin my own country,to the
villagewhere my grandparentslive.
SB; So do l. I usuallystay at my aunt and uncle's
housei n .......and spendthe w hol esummerthere.
SA; ln my grandparents'village thereare lotsof things
to do and see, like lookingafterthe animalsor explor-
ing the countryside.
SB.'Yes,it's the same in my village.There are lots of
new places to see every time I go there.
SA,'lsn't there a beach for you to go swimming?
SB,'Yes,there is. We spend most of our time there,
actually.
Writing:Unit2 (p. 50)
Writing Narratives
The first extract is taken from a newspaperarticle.lt
is about a fire at a hoteland the rescueof the guests.
It must have been written by a journalist.I've read
piecesof writinglike this before.They were about
fires,accidents,earthquakes, floods,etc. This kind of
writingappearsin newspapersand is normallywritten
in a formal style.
The second extract is takenfrom a person'snarration.
It must have been writtenby one of the soldierswho
rescuedthe guests.They both talk about the same
event. The first extractis written in a formal style,the
second in an informalone.
27
ExamFocus:Unit2

1. (Suggestedanswer) corri dorsoutsi de,and a stronganti septi csmel l fi l led

the ai r.A nxi ousrel ati vescoul dbe heardcompl ai ning
Model A aboutw ai ti ngfor so l ong ...
Paragraph Plan
In t r oduc t ion:s um m a ryo f th e e v e n t(ti m e ,p l a c e ,p eo- Office: The officewas full of activity.Ringing phones
p l e inv olv ed) were answeredby cheerful secretaries.The sounds
(major floods; inhabitantsevacuated from their of clicking keyboards and shuffling paper filledthe
houses,'yesterday;town of Dinnead) air.Busy employeessat in frontof blinking computer
Paragraphs2-4: Developmentof the events(descrip- screens ...
tion of the event,people involved)
(rain starled to fall; on Monday, River Dinn burst Constructionsite:Throughthe dust-filledair, sweaty
its banks; turned into a raging torrent) w orkers coul d be seen movi ng betw eenrumbl ing
Paragraph 3: bul l dozers.Thesoundof poundi ngdri l l scoul dbar ely
(families airlifted by Emergency Services; be heardabovethe deafeni ngnoi se...
homes damaged)
Pa r agr aph4: P arade:The marchi ng band passedsl ow l ythrou gh
(emergency housing being provided for victims) the cheeringcrowd to the steadybeatof the pounding
Conclusion: CommentsiReferenceto future drums. The sky above the parade was filled with
d e v elopm ent s fl oati ng bal l oons...
(Commentsby mayor; the construction of a dam
under discussion ) Castle: Because of its isolated setting the castle
receivedfew visitorsdespite its stunning medieval
Mo del B architecture.Many believethat it was haunted
because of the atmospherecreated by the musty
Pa r agr aphplan smel l i n the dark passagew aysand gl oomycand le-
In t r oduc t ion: s et th e s c e n e- w h o , w h e re .w h e n lit rooms...
(Sundayafternoon; rainy; rising water level
of river) Forest:The peacefulsurroundingswerewonderfully
Paragraph 2: beforethe main event relaxingand the fresh air carriedthe scent of fragrant
(river becoming wild; heard a crashing sound) pine trees.As I sat underthe towering trees, only the
Paragraphs 3-4: the main event,detaileddes- chi rpi ng bi rds brokethe si l ence.
cription
(water surrounding house; helicopter coming; 4, C , B , E , A , D
rescued and taken to shelter) P aragraphP l an
Conc lus ion:m oo d s ,c o mme n ts fe , elings
(frighteningexperience; relieved to be rescued; l ntroducti on:set the scene
devastatedto see the destruction) (sunny morning; harbour; fishing trip)

1. M o d e lB 5. M o d e lB 9 . M o d e lB Mai n body:
2. M o d e lA 6. M o d e lA 1 0 . M o d e lA paragraph 2 - eventsleadingup to the main event
3. M o d e lB 7. M o d e l sA, B (passengersfishing; finally rod bends violently)
4. M odelA B. M o d e lB paragraphs 3, 4 - the main event
(battle with the fish; fish escapes,)
2. Traffic jam C oncl usi on:descri bemood, reacti onsand feel i n gs
1. honking 3 . s c re e c h i n g (Disappointed;but happy and excited)
2. F ur ious 4. Suffocating
Library 5. (T should emphasisefo Ss that a good beginningand
1. rustling 2 . w h i s p e ri n g 3 . D u s ty ending ls essentialfor an interestingstory. The first
Peaceful beach p aragraph shouId in c Iud e a d ramatic, unusuaI situation
1. Crashing 3 . So a ri n g or Direct Speech. Final paragraphs should leave the
2. s par k ling 4. blinding reader with a lasting impression.Before doing Ex.S,
T should give Ss examplesof beginnings and endings
3. (Ssshou/ddiscussEx.3in c/ass,thenare assigneditas which include fhese points.T can use suggested
writtenHlW. Tis advised to gettvvogoodSs to read their beginnings and endings to illustratefhese points.
short paragraphs aloud in the next lesson.) T, either reads aloud the samples or makes photo-
copied transparencies.Then Ss do Ex.S.)
(Suggested answers)
H os pit alem er ge n c yro o m: T h e b ri g h t l i g h ts i l lumi -
nated the scene as hard-working doctors tried to
reas s ur ener v ousp a ti e n ts .R u s h i n gn u rs e sfi l l e dthe

28

(Sugges t edbegi n n i n g sa n d e n d i n g s )
Dr am at ic :B eginn i n g
A num bf eelin gg ri p p e dM i ra n d aa s s h e u n w i l li ngl y
boardedthe plane.Sheslowlytook herseatand stared
bleaklyout of the window.As the planetook offand the
city below recededintothe distance,the tearsstarted
to flow and it seemedas if they would neverstop.
Unus uals it uat io n :B e g i n n i n g
The sailors were just startingto raise the ramp.
"Stop!"I cried,breathlessafterrunningacrossthe pier.
The man in charge waited impatientlywhile I scram-
bled up the wooden ramp, my ticket and suitcasein
h a nd. lt was n' t un ti l th e s h i p h a d s a i l e d o u t o f the
harbourthat I realisedthat the vesselwas bound for
Siber ia,not M iam iBe a c h !
D ir ec t S peec h: B e g i n n i n g
Barbarasnappedher suitcaseshut and took a last
l o o kr oundherbed ro o m.S h ep i c k e du p th e b u l k yc ase
and struggleddownstairswithit. Hermotherand father
w er ein t he k it c he ns, i tti n ga t th e ta b l ei n s to n ys i l e nce.
" T hat ' sit t hen , l ' m re a d y ,"s h e s a i d .
" Don' tt hinky o u ' reg e tti n ga l i fta n y w h e re ,"s ai d
D ad, t ight - lipped".T h i sw a s y o u r d e c i s i o na n d f rom
n o w on y ou ar e on y o u r o w n ."
Leavethe reader with a lasting impression: Ending
Barbarasettledherselfon the veranda,with
a long cool
d ri nk in her hand.T h e s u n w a s s e tti n go v e r th e bay,
and she was calmed by the sound of the waves lap-
p i ng on t he s hor e ." l t w a s a l l w o rth i t," s h e th o u ght,
sm ilingquiet lyt o h e rs e l f.
Beginnings
1. good; becauseit catchesthe reader'sattentionby
des c r ibingan u n u s u a ls i tu a ti o nD
. i re c tSp e e chi s
us ed.
2. bad; becauseit lacksdrama and style.Sentences
ar e s hor tand it s o u n d sp o o r a s th e b e g i n n i n g
of a story.
3 . good; bec ausei t i s b o th d ra m a ti ca n d u n u s u al .
Feelingsand sensesare well used to make the
readerinterestedin what will happen next.
Endings
1. bad; becauseit does not flow.Sentencesare short
and lac k or igin a l i ty .
2. good; becauseit containsdescriptionof feelings,it
flows well, roundingthe story off.
3. good; becausethe endingleavesthe readerwith a
las t ingim pr ess i o n .
6 . 1 . C - s t or y ( pers o n a li,n fo rm asl ty l e ;i t i n c l u d e sthe
writer'sfeelings,chatty descriptions,collo-
q u i a lE n g l i s h )
ExamFocus:Unit2
2. D - story (personal,informalstyle,short forms,
col l oqui alE ngl i sh,i ncl udesw ri ter' sfeel i n gs,
use of DirectSpeech)
3. B - factualreport (impersonalstyle,use of Pas-
siveVoice,reportingverbsin reportedspeech,
only facts,complexsentencestructure,high
l evelof vocabul ary,non-col l oqui al E ngl i sh)
4. A - story (informal,personalstyle,writer's
feel i ngsi ncl uded,col l oqui alE ngl i sh,cha t t y
description,useof DirectSpeech,shortforms)
7. (Note that Ex. 7 is to be used as a structuralexercise.
Ss shou/d not use this text as a model composition.)
1. First 6. As
2. Then 7. until
3. B y t h et i m e 8. As soonas
4. Themoment 9. Finally
5. Meanwhile
8. D , E , C , A , B
(Suggested paragraph)
Fred was sunbathingon the beach when he saw a
woman wavingat him.At first he thoughtshe was just
being friendly.Then he saw that she was in trouble.
lmmediately he dived in to save her. By the time he
reachedher,she w as begi nni ngto drow n.Fi nal l y ,he
managedto pull her back to the shore and save her.
9 . (Suggested story)
The fire broke out in a basementflatjust belowme
at 3 am. I liveon the groundfloorof the apartmentblock
i n centralLondon.I coul d smel l smoke from som e-
where when I woke up at around quarterpast three.
I ran to the door and saw the whole hallway in
flames.I panickedand ran back into the living room
w here I escapedby j umpi ngout of the w i ndow ,
It took a long time beforethe fire brigadearrived.
The policesaidthatthiswas due to the factthatthe flats
di dn' t haveany smoke al arms.
The bui l di ng seemed to go up i n fl ames ve r y
qui ckl y,W i thi nafew mi nutesi t hadspreadtothe upper
floors, lt was horrible.I could hear people who were
trappedin theirflatsscreaming.One familyon the fifth
floorwereall killed.lt'stragic.Anotherfiftypeoplehave
been sent to hospital.
lwas told that it mighthavestartedwhen an elderly
man i n a basementfl atfel l asl eepw hi l esmoki ng.
Allthiscouldhavebeenaverted.Thefourmernbers
of the Jones family might have been alive today if
smoke al armshad been i nstal l ed.
It' sj ust been l i ke hel l .I' m so rel i evedto be safe.I
hope that I neverhaveto experienceanythinglikethis
agai n.
29
ExamFocus:Unit2
10. {SarggestedparagraPhs)
4l I loved everythingabout our new house, every-
thing exceptfor the huge old tree at the bottomof
the garden.From the day we arrivedI felt that it
was c hallen g i n gme , d a ri n gm e to c l i mb i t. So I
acceptedthe challenge..
. . . M y m ot he rw a s a n g ryw i th m e fo r c l i m b i n gthe
tree, but she didn't say anything.My father.
t hough,unde rs to o de x a c tl y w h yI' d d o n e i t.A s he
laid m e on t h e b e d h e s a i d ," l ' m p ro u d o f y o u,
son, but nexttime you fallout of a tree,makesure
i t ' sa s m a l lo n e ! "
b) Having been left a magnificenttwenty metre
yachtby our uncie,we wereonlytoo keento learn
'13. 1. factualreport
how to sailit.We thereforedecidedto takeadvan-
tage of CaptainPike'sofferto turn us into
ex per ienc eds a i l o rs...
"."Aftera few minutesof panic,we put everything
we had learntto good use. We managedto
turn tlre yacht ai"oundand head back to pott" li
rnightonly have been ihree days, but we'rt
alreadybecornehardeneCsailors.
paragraphs)
t tr. {$r"agEested
a) A n old do u b l e -d e c k e rb trs c a m e ro u n d the
corner.The driverwas havingdifficulties, but I got
on the bus anyway. Suddenly the bus tr.rrned
wildly to the left, straighttowards a low bridge.
Everyoneheldtheirbreathas the soundof tearing
metalrangthroughthe air.The bottomhalfof the
bus c r as hedi n to a w a l l b e y o n dth e b ri d g e ;t he
top half lay on the roac!behind us.
T hen I hea rds i re n s ." Ev e ry o n es ta yc a l m ,hel p
is on t he way ,"th e d ri v e rc a l l e d .A m b u l a n ces
arrivedto helpthe injuredand policecarscameto
take control of the situaticn.Stunned motorists
got out of t h e i r c a rs a n d o n -l o o k e rsg a s p e d i n
dis belief .
b) ! alsonoticedhe was clutchinga blackbag f rom
whic h I c or il ds e e s o m e b a n k n o te ss ti c k i n gout.
He was r eall yj u mp y a n d k e p tg l a n c i n go u t of the
r earwindow .H e s u d d e n l ys n a B p e dh i s b a g open
and pulledou t a c o u p i eo f n o i e s .T h e m a n l e aned
forward and thrust one of them at me. lt uvasa
hundr edc io l l abr i l l !" Ge tm e to th e s ta ti o ni n e i ght
m inut esandth e re ' sa n o th e rh u n d re di n i tfo rY oU",
he s aid. I t h o u g h t h e mu s t h a v e b e e n a bank
robber so, scared to oeatl't.I drove him to the
station"We made it in seven minutes.
1 2 " 1 . F (A story can be writtentn tfre first or third
person.)
2. T
3. T
4. T
5 . F (lt is importantto keep the reader'sinterest,
otherwisehe/shewill not continuereading
your story.)
30
6.7
7. F (A factualreportincludesonly facts.)
8.7
9.7
10. T
11. T
12, T
13. F (Eventsshould be put in chronologicaiorder
in news reports.)
14. T
15, T
16. F (The lengthof each paragraphmay vary,
accordingto what you want to express.)
17. T
3. factualreport
2. story 4. story
(Suggestedanswer)
i . P a r a g r a p hP l a n
Introduetion:summaryof the event (time,place,
peo[rleinvoived)
(armed bank rcbbers entered Bowland Bank;
made off with large sums of money; 3.00pm;
Chestefton)
Paragraphs2-3: developmentof the event(s)
(descriptionof the main event(s),people
i nvoi ved)
(bank about fo c/ose; four masked bandits
burst in; demanciedall cash; armed with
semi-automaticpisto/s; took money and got
away in a car parked outside)
(police arrived, but were too late; no descrip-
tion of the car; police interuiewedwitnesses
and bystanders)
Conclusion: comments/reference to future
developments
(optimistic investigators;comments by police
spokesman;police already making progress)
(Suggested answer)
Robbers Snatch t2 million
Armed bank robbersenteredthe BowlandBank
in Chestertonyesterdayat 3.00pm.The bank was
filled with customersat the time, but there was no
securityguard on duty. The robbersleftwith
t2 million.
The bank was just about to close when four
masked banditsenteredthe bank, demandingall
the cashin the cashiers'drawersand in the vault.The
men were armed with semi-automaticpistols and
orderedcustomersto lie on the floor.Theyfilledtheir
sacks wiih money, then made a clean getaway,
speeding off in a car which was parked outside.
Policequicklyarrivedbutthe banditshad alreadygot
away.
No descriptionof the getawayvehiclehas been
given but police have been interviewingwitnesses
and bystanderswho wereoutsidethe bankatthetime
of the robbery.

Foftunately,no one was injured in the incident.
Investigatorsare optiraisticand report that they are
alreaciymaking progresson the case. Pclicespokes-
man Arnold O'Donahuestatedat a news conference
this morning:"\{e've got some firm leadsin this case,
and we expect to make arrests soon." The daring
daylighttheft has shocked the citizensof this quiet
com m unit y .
2. (Suggestedanswer)
Faragraph Plan
Introduction:set the scene - who, where,when
(some time in the past; needed job after 2 months
of unemplayment)
Faragraph 2: beforethe main event;irrcidents
leadingup to main event
(scoured new€papers,'no good jobs tound for Z
weeks; ane day, goorl job ad seen in paper; littl*
time ieft to get to intertiew)
Paragraph 3: the main event;give niore details
(quicklygot reaCytogo: drove quicklyio city centre,"
arrived at building)
eonclusion: conseqLrences, feelirigs
(arrived ioo late, y<tbfilieri, then, saw tt''taif'ersonnet
Manager vrasr:ld sffio{)i churri;jovfui enbrate)
(Suggested answer)
By the Time I Got There, it Was Too Late
I had been an unemployedsalesmanfor over two
months.lt was tough havingmy wife supportme and
p a yt hebills .lwasd e s p e ra te liyn n e e do f a j o b . l tw a sn' t
myfaultthatthecompanyI'd beenworkingatfortwelve
years had gone bankrupt.
Everydayfor the last couple of weeks I would buy
a few newspapers,spreadthem open on the kitchen
table and scour them. Unfortunately for me, the jobs
availablewere either underpaidor the travellingin-
volvedwasn't worth it. So one day I bought the
usualpapersand, havingmade myselfa cup of coffee,
and tryingto be optimistic,I startedto readthroughthe
"helpwanted"adverts.lt must havebeenmy luckyCay,
becauseno soonerhad I begun than my eye fell on a
most interestingpost. I quicklylookedat the calendar
on the kitchenwall,glancedat nry watch and realised
I had just under e.nhour to get to the interviews.
I ranto the bathroorn,sha,ted,dressed,and ranout
the front door, only to rernemberI'd forgottento take
my curriculumvitae.Havinggot it, I got in my car anci
sped towardsthe citv centre.I could be therein fifteen
minutes."Wherewere al! these driversgoing to?" I
wondered.I'd begunto breakout in a sweat,realising
that I might be missingout cn this opportunity.Thirty-
five minutes later,after having parked,at last, I was
ru s hingup t he s t ai rsto th e th i rdfl o o r o f th e b u i l d i ng.
By the time I got there,it was too late.The secretary
ExamFocus:Unit2
told me the interviewswere completedand someone
had just been hired! | started to feel hopelessness
settingin. At that point,the PersonnelManager'sdoor
opened and two men came out. lwas astonishedto
seethattheManagerturnedoutto be a long- lostfriend
frorn my schooldays.
Disappointment quicklyturnedto joy as we warmly
embraced.
3. {Suggested answer)
Paragraph Plan
lntroduetion:summaryof event- time, place,people
involved
(yesterday afternoon; M25 motoway; family and
severaipeople invalved)
Paragraphs 2, 3, 4
Developmentof Event: describeevent,people
in':olved,detailedfacts
(2.15 prri; worst storm; reduced visibility;Ford
Fiesfaaveftakeslorry;windblows iorryover;crushes
car; second car collides with lorry; emergency
seryicesarrive;driver of second car and lorry driver
are takento hospital;four pas-senge rs in f irstcar
die)
eonclusion: cornrr"tents. refei'enceto future
developrnents
$olice remind motorists to drive more carefully;
Chief of Police comments that the tragedy cauld
have been prevented)
(Suggested answer)
C ar C rash K i l l s Four
A seri ous mul ti pl e-vehi clcol e l i si onon the M2S
yesterdayclaimedthe livesof a familyof four. Several
otherswere injui'edin the crash.
Theaccidentoccurredat 2"15pm as torrentialrains
fell.Visibilityhad beenreducedto fifteenfeetduringthe
area's worst storm in twenty years.
A Ford Fiestawas overtakinga lorrywlren the wind
blewthe lorryover.A second car failedto stop in time
and collidedwith the lorry.
Emergency Serviceswere at the scene of the
accident within twenty minutes. The driver of the
second car had to be cut out of the wreckage.She
and the lorrydriverweretakento the nearesthospital.
It took firemen over two hours to remove the four
passengersin the car beneaththe overturnedlorry.All
four membersof the familywere killedin the crash.
Policeare remindingmotoriststo drivecarefullyin
bad weather conditrons."This was a tragedy which
could have been prevented,"commented Richard
Fiail,Chiefcf Police."We urge citizensto elrivewithin
the speedl i mi t,especi al l yi n bad w eathercondi ti ons. "
31
Unit3: Part1

4. (Suggestedanswer) when the thunderstormhit. Afterfifteenminutesor

Pa r agr aphP lan
l n t r oduc t ion: s e t th e s c e n e - w h o , w h e re , when,
p o s s iblef eelings
(sleeping in my bed; thunderstorm)
Paragraph 2: Beforethe main event - describewhat
led up to the main event
(had a strangedream;a ghost visitedme; heard
an eeile voice)
Paragraph 3: the main event-describemain events,
more details
(the ghost's story)
C onc lus ion:end th e s to ry- fe e l i n g sc, o n s e q u e nces
(woke up; found wet patch on the floor)
(Suggested answer)
Strange Dream
I ' v enev erlik eds to rm s ;th ec ra s ho f th e th u n d erand
the suddenflashesof lightningmake me wantto crawl
under my bedsheetsand stay there until it all blows
over. That's exactlywhere I was last Saturdaynight
so, I beganto fal l asl eep.
At midnight,afteran especiallyloud clap of thun-
der, I began to dream. In my dream, I saw rain
streamingdownthe outsidesof my bedroomwindows.
Suddenly,my head leapt into my mouth as I saw a
ghostleaningovermel Wide-eyedwithterror,I heldmy
breath,too frightenedto move.Aftera few moments
I managedto croak out the words, "Whatdo you
w-w-want?"
The littleghost (althoughhe was the firstghost l'd
everseen,he seemedto be a rathersmallone) sat on
the end of my bed and began to speak. He told me
about how boring it was to be dead, how his casket
leakedeverytime it rained,and how the other ghosts
coul dpl ayqui tecruel j okeson hi m. I beganto l i ket he
littlefellow in spite of myself.
Afterwhat seemedlikean hour or so, Basil(forthat
was his name)politelysaid farewelland floatedout of
my window withouteven opening it first.
At that point, I woke up and looked around my
room,glad that the strangedreamwas over.But what
was that wet patch at the foot of my bed?

Unit 3
Unit3-Part1 VocabularyExercises:Part 1 (p. 58-59)

Warm-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 56) 1 . sti rri ng : movi ngsl i ghtl Y

attempts = tries or efforts
(Suggestedanswer): They are rats.I don't likethem cl ai mi ng : sayi ngsth i s true
mammal s = ani mal si n w hi ch femal egi ves bi rth t o
becausethey are dirty,
(words relatedto rats) drains,sewers,rubbish,dirty, babi esand feedsthem on her mi l k
to adapt : to change so as to fit in with one's
rodents,etc.
surroundi ngs
sophisticated = complicated,advanced
(Suggested answer): They are rodents.They live in
sewer = undergroundpipe or tunnelfor carrying
sewers.They can grow very big. They develop
waste water away
resistanceto poisons.
decades = periodsof ten years
antidote = sth that treatsor curesthe effectof a poison
Warm-up ListeningActivity cOnS umi ng= eati ng
equivalent = the same as or equalto
1. t went y 5. p l a s ti c 9 . th ree
'10. exceptional = unusual
2. c him panz ee 6. te l e p h o n e fo u r to transmit = to pass on to sb or sth
3. 14 7. 6 million substances = materialswith certaincharacteristics
4. 7,000 8. 1 Om i l l i o n to alter : to change
mi l d : w armerthan usual
ReadingTask:Part1 (p. 56-57) estimated = supposed;guessed
bypasses = avoidSsth by going round it
1. G 2.D 3.H 4.1 5.A 6.8 7.C mechanism = svstem

2. 1. fuel 6. neutral i se
2. consistently 7. offspring
3. urban 8. di gest
4. insight L breed
5. outsmart 10. encountered

32
 Unit3: Part 1

3. (Ssshou/dbe encouragedto memorisefhesefexf- 8 . 1 . types 4. i n common 7. species

relatedcollocationsor expressions.
f checksin the 2 . terms 5. col oni es 8. tasks
next lesson). 3 . regarded 6. w i ngs
1. s ur v iv al 5. a means 9. to spread
2. to cause 6. round Similarities - both are types of insects and live in
10. fo o d
3. to have 7. explosion col oni es;thei r col oni es consi st of a ferti l e quee n,
11. to give
4. to pass infertilefemaleworkersand males;workersperforma
8. nervous 12. members
wide variety of tasks; males of both species die after
4. 1 . A 2.8 matingwith the queen.
3.A 4.8 5.C
Differences - bees are kept for honey;ants are known
(AfterSs have done Exercise4 T elicitslexplainsthe for medicinalproperties;all bees havewings whereas
meaning of each distractor.) only queen and male ants have them.

1 A. refuse = to s?V no (e.9. refuse an invitation) 9. 1. ... attemptsto savehi s l i fe ...

B. deny = to sovsth is nottrue(e.g.an accusation) 2. ... to gi ve bi rth ...
C. turn down = to refusetoaccept(e.g.turn down 3. ... havea l i ki ngfor ...
a proposal) 4. ,.. i s w orth a l ot of ...
D. reject = to refuseto acceptsb or sth (e.g.reject 5. ... spreadthe message...
a suggestion)
2 A. producer : country,company or sb that Follow-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 59)
providesgoods
B. manufacturer = companythat uses (T elicitsnofes from Ss andwritesthem ontheboard. Ss
machinesto make sth then talk about ratslooking at the table.)
C. creator = sb who makes sth new
D. design€r : sb who plans how sth could be rat's intelligence- most intelligentmammalafterman
made and chimpanzee
3 A. territory : dfe? of the earth that belongs to a how rats avoid being poisoned - warn each other
particularcountry about a new poison,tastea littlebit of food in orderto
B. region = part of a country test it, rats found vitamin K to be an antidoteto
c. site = placewhere sth is, was, or will be poison
D. district = area of a country or town size of a rat's family - one pair gives birth to ',|4
4 A. r is e = ( int r a n s i ti v e v e rb )to
b e c o m eh i g h e r(e .g, offspring - in a year one pair and its offspring can
pricesare rising) produce 1,000descendants
B. raise = (intransitive verb) to move sth from a their new diet - plasticrubbishfrom fastfood industry
lowerto a higher position why big business doesn't like rats - rats destroy
C. uplift = to raise (e.9.to feel uplifted) telephonecablesthus causingexpensivedamage
D. arise = (of problems,difficulties) to occur the current solution - new productthat bypassesa
5 A. adhere = to stick or hold fast rat's defencemechanismso the rat can't warn other
B. adopt = to start to use sth membersof colony of the poison.
C. adapt = to changesth to becomebettersuited
to sth GrammarCheck:Part 1 (p. 59)
D. acquire = to get sth
1. . . . m a y / m i g hht a v eg o n e . . .
5. 1. havea likingfor 4. unlikely 2. . . . c a n ' ts t i l lb e . . .
2. Unlike 5 . a l i k e* 3. ... must have passed...
3. like 4. ... need not have bought ...
5. ... di dn' t need to get ...
(* alike is neverfollowedby a noun)
6. ... must not eat ...
7. . . .m a y s e e h e r . . .
6. 1. looked like a drowned rat
B. ... can' t have been ...
2. smelt a rat
9. ... may/mi ghthave been ...
3. rat race
10. . . .d o n ' t h a v et o w e a r . . .
4. one man's meat is anotherman's poison

7. 1. definition 6. existence
2. numerous 7. a b i l i ty
3. annoying 8. development
4. resistance 9. effective
5, destructive 10. s o l u ti o n

33
Unit3: Part2

3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise these texf-

Unit 3: Part 2 related collocationsand expressions.f cheeks in the
nexf /esson).
Warm-upActivities:Part2 (P.60)
1. to rai se 6. a sense 1 1 .t o t a k e
2. good 7. exception 12. low
(Suggestedanswer):Thetextmay be aboutchildren,
3" fl exi bl e 8. to di stort 13. hi ghlY
babies, etc.
4. virtue 9. to cultivate
. 5. to rate 10. to gi ve
(T elicifsfromSs variousqualitiesand writesthem on the
board, helping Ss if they can't think of any qualities.)
4. I goes throug h the Iist and eIic itsIexpIains the meaning
(Suggested answer) of each item askingSs fo give examples using the
imagi - word(s) given).
o bedienc e,r es p e c t,p o l i te n e s sh, a rd -w o rk i n g,
nationetc. Positive: obedience,a sense of responsibility,hon-
I t hink t hat obed i e n c es h o u l dc o m e fi rs tb e c a u sei t i s esty, tolerance,a sense of imagination,respectfor
importantfor children to obey their parents.Next I others,independence, ambition,optimism'
politeness,
would put politeness,because children should be loyalty,compassion, generosity,
conscientiousness
taught mannersfrom an earlyage. Then I would say Negative: conceitedness,vanity, aggressiveness,
that the qualitiesof respectand being hard-working selfishness,stubbornness,pessimism, impatience,
are importantbecausethese help childrenwith their greed
careerswhen they grow up. I also think that imagina-
iion is importantbecauseit will help a child at school 5 . heart of stone - of sb who shows no compassion.
and in its privatelife. Negative
rotten apple - a bad influenceon others' Negative
. Warm-up Listening ActivitY as good as gold - very well-behaved.Positive
1 .F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5 .T 6.7 l ame duck - sb w ho i s w eakand unabl etodo anyt hing
by himself.Negative
to have one's heart in the right place - to mean well'
ReadingTask:Part2 (P.60'61) Positive
heart of gold - of sb with a very kind nature' Positive
8. A (Ln a-6) 1 2 . D ( L n2 1 ) pain in the neck - sb who is troublesomelanuisance.
9. B (Ln10-12) 13. C (Ln34-36) Negative
10. B ( L n1 7 - 1 8 ) 14. D (Ln 43-44) wolf in sheep's clothing - sb with evil intentionswho
1 1. C ( Ln 21- 24 ) seems harmless.Negative
to have a level head - to be calm, sensible.Positive
VocabularyExercises:Part2 (p' 62'63) wouldn't hurt a fly - of sb who is harmless.Positive

1. apparently - seeminglY 6. f . impatient 8. snob

survey - actof questioningmanypeoplein orderto f ind 2. polite f. imaginative
similarities/differences in behaviouror opinion 3. trouble-maker 10. responsi bl e
universally - all over the world 4. selfish 11" respectful
regional - local 5. industrious 12. ambitious
emerge - to come out 6. stubborn 13. conceited
ranked - held a particularpositionon a scale 7. tolerant
cultivating - encouragingsth to grow
youngsters - young PeoPle 7. (Suggested answers)
etiquette'minded - placingimpoftanceon manners Doug is very pessimistic, he alwaysthinksthe worst
capitalist- personwho supportsthe systemof running is going to haPPen.
a country based on makingthe most profitpossible Sam is very greedy and always wants more than his
relatively - comParatirrelY fair share of everYthing.
confronted - faced Peter is sometimes aggressive when playing with
industrious - hard-working other children,and often gets into fights'
responses - answers Jane is very obedient and alwaysdoes as she'stold.
industrialized- (of countries)with a high levelof Paulis very selfless; he thinks more of others'needs
industry than of his own.
rearing - raising Ann is faithful to her beliefs;she will never change
them.
2. f . ins t il 6. indifference Tom is ratherdishonest; don't trust him in business
2, bewilder in g l y 7. priority affairs.
3. distort 8. staid
4. relegate 9. contradictory
5. ingr ained 10. paramount

34
 Unit3: Part3

8. f . independenc e 7. p ri d e ReadingTask:Part3 (p. 64-65)

2. s poilt 8. conceited
3. gr eedy 9. tolerant 1 s .G 1 6 .A 1 7 . E 1 8 .F 1 9 .B 20.H 21.1
4. m anner ed 10. respectful
5. behav iour 11 . i m p o fta n c e
6. effective
VocabularyExercises(p. 66-67)
12. i m i ta ti o n
1. specialist - expert
9. (Suggested answer)
develops - creates,improves
Parentscan instil the quality of obedience in their i ndi vi dual s- si ngl ehumans
childrenby teachingthemto do whattheyaretoldf rom charge - price asked for goods/services
an early age, and politenessby teachingthem good net - the Internet;a system in which computer users
manners.Parentscan teach their childrento respect can communicatewith each other acrossthe world
othersby settinga good examplethemselves.To jams - overloadsso much that sth stops working
preventtheir childrenfrom becoming vain and con- prevent - to stop sth happening
ceitedthey should not praisethem too much on their emergencies - seriousevents,which usuallyinvolve
appearance,and should teach them to share their dangeroussituationsor accidents
belongings with others so that they don't become create - to make sth come into existence
self is h. conference - an officialeventwherelargenumbersof
people meet to discusssth
Follow-upActivities(p. G3) assess - to decide on the valueof sth
gain - to obtain sth advantageous
(Suggested answers)
Neit hert he Danesn o rth e B ri i i s hv a i u ere l i g i o u sb el i ef. 2. 1. operate 6. users
l-{owever, the Greeksvalue it highly. 2. comprehensivepackages 7. Internet
The Britishand the Frenchvaluetoleranceetc. 3. i nstal l B. transmit
4. software L overload
GrammarCheck:Part2 (p. 03) 5. screen 10" circuits

1. . . . has been pia y i n gv o l l e y b a lfo

l r ... 3 . (Tshould firstexplainthe words in the listthenSs do the
2. . . . s t i l lh a s n ' tg o t h i s . . . exercise.)
3. . . . is it s inc es h e re s i g n e d... 1. charge 3. funds 5. bi l l 7. payment
4. . . .t im e I s aw M a rkw a s ... 2. fi ne 4. cost 6. fee 8. account
5. . . . f ir s tt im e he' s b e e n ...
6. . . . c i i d n ' gt o o u t u n t i l. . . 4. 1. ki ndergarten 5. secondary
7" . . . I w o u l d p l a yi n t h e . . . 2. nursery 6. privateschool
8. . . . hav e been m a rri e dfo r ... 3. stateschool 7. graduate
9. . . . uglies thous e l ' v e e v e r ... 4. pri maryschool B. post-graduate
10. . . . has been wo rk i n gh e refo r ... Note:
kindergarten/nurseryschool - schoolforyoung chil-
dren
Unit3-Part3 state school - schoolwhere tuitionfees are paid by
the government
Warm-upActivities:Part3 (p. 64) primary school - schoolthat a child attendsfrom the
age of 5 to the age of 11
. (Suggested answer): I don't know very much about secondary school - school that a child attends after
the lnternet,exceptthatit'sa communicationssystem. pri maryschoolusual l yfrom the age of 11112to 16/ 18
private school - schoolwheretuitionfees are paid by
. (Suggestedanswer):software,communication, com- the parents(alsopublic school) long-established
puter,telephonecircuits,keyboard,screen,disk, traditionalschools in Britainlike Eton, Rugby etc
information,software.net. etc.
5 . (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese fexf-
. Warm-up Listening Activity related collocations and expressions.f checks in the
next lesson).
a. 1. software 2. colleges
b . 3. t elephone 4. money 1. ci rcui ts 5. scal e 9. to l ack
c. 5. governments 6. evil 2. access 6. communi cati ons
10. l oomi ng
d. 7. information 3. regul ated 7. to create 11. to express
e. 8. access 9. newsgroups 4. to charge 8. to cause 12. advantage
f. 10. dr awbac k s

35
Unit3: Part4

6 . 1. v oc als 3 . ra d i o 5. destroy Follow-upActivities:Part3 (p. 67)

2. disk 4. video
(AfterSs have done Ex. 6 T elicitslexplainsthe
meaning of each word.)
1. v oc als - t he s i n g i n gi n a s o n g
mouse - hand-heldinstrumentused to operatea
computer
keyboard - set of keysusedto writeon a computer
disk drive - device used for reading information
storedon disks
2. network - system of computerswhich are linked
together
system - set of connecteditemsthat work together
disk- itemon whichcomputerinformationis stored
circuit - a closed system of wires through which
information/electricity f lows
3. internet - htetnationalletwqk systemfor compu-
ter users
modem - devicewhich allowscomputersignalsto
traveldown a telephoneline
radio - devicewhich receivesand givesout radio
s ignals
telephone - device used to communicateusing a
networkof lines
4. software - computerProgrammes
disk - itemon whichcomputerinformationis stored
video - recordingof moving picturesand sound
that can be watched on TV
programme - instructionsfor making a computer
carry out an oPeration
5. overload- to put moreinformation thancan be held
iam - to (causeto) stop functioning
clog - to block or fill with sth
destroy - to damage beYondrePair
7. 1 . B 2.C 3.A 4.8
8 . (Suggested answer)
. Although you can learna lotfrom computers,they
can be bad for your eyes.
. 8.
Despitethe fact that you gainwork skills,comput-
ers can make you unsociable.
. Not only can your work be done fasterand more
accurately,you can also learna lot.
. Computersgive us accessto a lot of information,
and they make life easier.
. Computersgiveus accessto a lotof information;on
the other hand you can gain accessto harmful/
offensiveinformation.
. You can do fast, accuratework on computers;in
addition, they can help you keep accounts.
9. '.|. outsmart 3 . o u ts e l l 5. outgrown
2. outweigh 4. outlived
(Suggestedanswers)
. l n the future,more and more j obs w i l l be done by
computersratherthan by people.Computerswill also
becomeeven more sophisticated. Carscan be driven
automatically.Robots can be used to do household
choresetc.
(T eticits from Ss advantagesldisadvanfagesof the
lnternetandwritesthemonthe board.Ss fhenlookatthe
table on the board and talk about the lnternet in open
pairs.)
Advantages: standardfee, use in schools,enhance
chancesof employment,shareknowledgeand ideas.
Disadvantages:peoplespend hours on the net jam-
ming telephone circuits,can be abused by corrupt
government,individualsoverload system, offensive
infcrmationavailable.
(Suggestedanswer)
. SA.' I believe an advantageof the Internetis the
standardfee which encouragesyou to use the
net for as long as you like.
SB; On the other hand, this standardfee meansthat
some peopletake advantageof it and spend
hourson the net j ammi ngtel ephoneci rcui ts.
SA; I think, as MargaretThatcherdoes, that the
Internetmight be abused - not only by corrupt
governmentsbut also by evil individuals. etc
GrammarCheck:Part3 (P.67)
1. . . .d e s p i t eh a v i n gl i t t l e. . .
2. . . .d u e t o t h e b a d . . .
3. . . . i n a d d i t i o nt o o r g a n i s i n g. . .
4. ...very acti veal thoughshe i s ...
5. . . .o n l y d i d s h e s e n d . . .
6. ... w i th a vi ew to getti ng.,.
7. ...w hereasTom prefers...
... both S arahand S al l Yare ...
9. ... i n spi teof (hi s)havi ng...
Unit3-Part4
Warm-upActivities:Part4 (P.68)
. (Suggestedanswers): I do lovefunfairs.The funfairs
in my countryare quitesmall,but some of the ridesare
modern.
. (Suggested answers)
The Whoppie Whizzer probably goes round very
quickly.
Spooksville could be a ghost trainor hauntedhouse.
A l addi n' sMagi c Maze mi ghthavea magi cl ampor a
geni ew ho opensdoors.
The PirateShip mustbe a modelshipliketheold pirate
ones.

36
 Unit3: Part4

Aquaspeed must be somethingto do with water and 4. 1 . . . .c a m e a c r o s ss o m e o l d . . .

fast movement. 2. ... i s hard to come by ...
Megawheel could be a big wheel with carriages. 3. ... came dow n w i th a ...
I think the Dodgems are small cars. 4. ... w ere to come off ...
R o c k ' n' Roll Ridea w a yc o u l d h a v e s o me m u s i c ,or 5. ... w i l l come out at the ...
maybe it rocks and rollsyou. 6. ... get her to come round ...
7. . . .c o m e r o u n dt o . . .
. Warm-up Listening Activity
1. 15 5 ' (AfterSs haye done Ex. 5, T elicitslexplainsthe
8. deck
2. 14 9. strength meaning of each distractor.)
3. haunted 10. w a te r 1.A 2.8 3.D 4.D 5.C
4. actors 11 . b i n o c u l a rs
5. mir r or s 12. h a l f-p ri c e 1. A. translucent = allowinglightto pass through
6. plastic 13. 60 (not transparent)
7. sails 14. a rmc h a i r B. opaque = flot allowinglightto pass through
(eg wall)
C. froste6 = (for glass)opaque by giving it a
ReadingTask:Part4 (p. 6g-69)
frostlikesurface
D . transparent : allowinglighttopassthroughso
22. C 27.c that things behind can be seen
23. A 28,29.D, E (inanyorder) 2 . A . cheer = make sb feel happy
24. H 30,31.F, G (inanyorder) B . entertain = receivesb as a guest
25. D 32,33.A, B (inanyorder)
26. C 34,35. E, G (inanyorder)
c . have fun = enjoy
D . celebrate : enjoy oneselfon a happy
occasion,eventetc
VocabularyExercises:Part4 (p. 70) 3 . A . invigilatoy= pefson presentat exam to make
sure it is conductedproperly
1. thrilling - very exciting
B . supervisor - personwatchingto make sure
spins - turningmovements
sth is done properly
haunted - with ghosts
C. caretaker : janitor(personemployed)to look
literally - actually,really
aftera buildingetc) (eg school caretaker)
senseless - to the point of hysteria
D. attendant = person providingservicein a
corridors - passageways public palce (eg museum attendant)
portholes - windows,usuallyround, on the side of a
4. A. spray = Sefldout liquid in tiny drops
ship or aircraft
B. splash : (of liquid)fly about and falt in drops
attendants - peoplewho watch and take care of others
C. drizzle = rain in many fine drops
at a swimmingpool etc
D. showe; = (of rain,sleet,hail) brieflyfall
supervise - to vrratchsb/sth making sure everything
5. A . sol o = by onesel f
i s d one pr oper ly
B. lonelY = havingno friends
negotiate - to get over or past (an obstacle)success-
C . al one = on one' s ow n
fu l l y
D. lonesome = lonely
muscle - part of the body that can be tightenedor
relaxedto producemovement
6 . ni ghtcl ub:dance
end up - to reach a point etc by lengthyprocess
leisure centre : play a game of squash
showered - heavilysprinkled
circus: see the flyingtrapezeartists
spectacular - impressiveor dramatic
amusement arcade: play video games or pool
bang - to hit sth
ci nema:see a fi l m
track - a road made of a pair of parallelrails
funfair: take a roller-coaster
ride
stretch - a straight part of a track, road etc
youth club: meet otherteenagersfor socialactivities
2. 1. mast 3. w h i z z i n g 5. bouncy Other suggested places of entertainment:theatre,
2. snooze 4. g ra b b e d 6. swinging disco, pub, restaurant,concert hall, opera house,
sports stadium,exhibitioncentre.
3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese texf-
related collocations and expressions.f checks in the (Suggested answer): I enjoy going to the funfair
next lesson).
because there's a varietyof activitiesto choose from
1. st om ac h- s pinn i n g 7. risk like roller-coaster
rides,big wheelsetc
2. to f ind B. starry
3. to judge 9. to beat
4. b r ain 10. i n fl a ta b l e
5. to perform 11 . p a i ro f
6. to make 12. wonderfulview

37
ExamFocus:Unit3

Follow-upActivities:Part4 (p. 70) Part 3

Youwill hearfive peopletalking about personalappear-
(Suggested answers) ance. For questions19-23,choose from the listA' F
which of the statemenfsappliesto which speaker.Use
I'd preferto go on the dodgems.I lovetrying to drive the lettersonly once. Thereis one extraletterwhich you
and crashinginto the other cars.The other rides do not need to use.
would make me feel sick. Speaker 1: To be honest,I'm a bit put off by peoplein
F or an adult , l' d re c o mme n dth e M e g a w h e e ll.t' s fun high fashion or flashy clothes. lt's personalitythat
and she/hecould get a greatview of the city. countsforme.I' m happyw i ththew ayI l ook.Mycl ot hes
For a five-yearold I'd recommendthe pirateship. lt's are comfortable,in my own style,and I neverchange
safeand fun for children.Theirparentscan leavethem either.l'm fatterthanthe magazinesand modelsseem
without worrying. to thi nkI shoul dbe. I' venevertri edto i mpresspe ople
For a teenager, I'd suggest Whoopie Whizzer or with my body - always with my soul. That's what I
Rock'n'RollRideaway.They are fast, excitingrides. respectin others,too.
Speaker2: The human body is an art form - one of the
ExamFocus- Useof English:Unit3 (p. 71) most wonderfulones I can think of. So why not treatit
with the respect it deserves?Man has always deco-
ratedthings - it's a basic human expression.Humans
Part 2
are literallypretty as pictures- so why wouldn't you
' 1 . point choose clotheswhich are just as pieasingto look at?
6. keep/get 11. did
That' sal lfashi oni s tryi ngto do - al thoughI thi nkit 'sf ar
2. touch 7. who 1 2 . s u ch
'13. too commercial.But I don't believein followingfashion
3. were I. means/forms only
stereotypes- it's importantto be well-dressed,rather
4. be 9. since 1 4 . o th e r
than fashionablydressed.
5. either 10. on 1 5 . w h erever
Speaker3; I lovedressingup - | feel so good in smart
clothes.I liketomakean impressionon people.And it's
Part4 betterif l'm with a well-dressedgroup - I feel stronger
somehow,more confident.My clothesare me - what
1. up 6. it 11. ,/ you see i s w hat I am. I don' tthi nki t' ssmal l -mi nded at
2. much 7. ,/ 12. made all. Peoplepay attentionto smart,flashyclothes,and
3. ,/ 8. tar 13. ./ I want that. Who says cars are more interestingthan
4. been 9. so 14. of clothes?Yet I know people who'll talk about cars for
5. no 10. ,/ 15. to hours- spend loadsof moneyon them and treatthem
l i kea person!
Prepositions Speaker 4; lt's not that I particularlygo on appear-
ances- but the restof the world seemsto. I don't have
1. of 8. to 14. o f/a b o u t 21. at a particularpoint to make - and I can't really tell
2. to 9. w i th , 15. fo r 22. on anythingfrom others.I want to look acceptable- and
3. to on/about 16. of 23. for attractive,but I find it's a headachethinking about
4. of 10. i n 17. to 24. from stylesand coloursall the time. So I'm quite happy to
5. f or 11. w i th 18. about follow fashion,and presentthe image that the world
6. of 12. w i th 19. fo r seems to like. I mean - it saves me from doing the
7. int o 13. i n 20. at thi nki ng.I buy w hat' si n the shops- and i f I' m no t sur e
I ask my friends.I mean- we allconformwhetherwe like
ExamFocus- Listening:Unit3 (p. 72) it or not anyway.
Speaker 5; Well - | presentmyselfin whatevermanner
(Part 3 is a multiple matching exercise based on a for w hat I' m doi ng - or - sh ouldI
I thi nk i s appropri ate
series of five shortrelatedexfractsof about 30 seconds say - who I'm with. You see, I believethat a person's
choice of clothing,hairstyleor whatever- all tells a
each, from monologues or exchanges betvveeninter-
acting speakers. Ss /lsten, making a first choice of story.I meanwe knowthereis body language,that our
movementstell things about us. These are all visible
answers. Then they listenagain searching for specific
words related to the options.) signs- so is appearance.lt meanssometimesappear-
ing in a way I'm not comfortable.But, I mean,if I need
19.8 20.E 21.A 22.C 23.F to see the bank managerabout a loan, I can't turn up
in my favouritescruffytracksuit,can l?

38

Exam Focus - Speaking: Unit 3 (p. 73)
Parl2
(Suggestedanswers)
Pictures
A andB
Picture A shows a group of friends having a meal
together.Picture B shows people dancing.People
in both picturesseemto havea nicetime.Theymay be
celebratingsomething.
I spend my free time watching televisionor playing
basketballwith my friends.
Peoplein my country entertainthemselvesby going
out to eat with friends,or going for coffee.
Some people go to the cinemaor the theatre.
Spendingtime with my friendsoffersme the chanceto
get out of the houseand to havefun. Also,it helps me
to relax and forget everydayproblems.
Pictures C and D
Picture C shows a bear in captivityand picture D
shows a cougar in its naturalhabitat.The bear looks
unhappybeing behindbars.The cougarenjoysa free
lifestyle. Of course the bear is protected from all
possibledangers,whereasthe cougar has to survive
on its own.
I would preferto see an animal in its naturalhabitat
becauseit would be happierand behavemore
naturallythan an animal in a zoo.
I think the animal in picture D leads a happier life
because it is free to live the way it wants to instead
of being in a cage.
Keepinganimals in captivitycan be beneficialwhen
they are an endangeredspeciesbecauseit means
that they can breed and be looked after so that they
don't become extinct.
ExamFocus- Writing:Unit3 (p.74)
Letters
They are taken from varioustypes of letters.
Letter No 1 is a formal letter refusing an invitation.
Letter No 2 is an informalletterrefusing an invitation.
It is writtenin a chatty,friendlystyle.
Letter No 3 is a formal letter of complaint. lts style
is mild.The complaintis expressedin a mild manner.
Letter No 4 is a formal lettergiving advice.
Letter No 5 is a formal letterof application,
LettersNo 1, 3, 4 and 5 are formal letters whereas
LetterNo 2 is informal compared to the other letters.
The recipientis addressedin aformal letterwithDear
Mr/Mrs + surname (eg Dear Mr Miller)or Dear Sir/
Madam if we do not know the name of the recipient.
ExamFocus:Unit3
. The closing remarks for formal letters are: yours
sincerely + full name if we know the name of the
recipientor Yours faithfully + full name if we do not
know the name of the recipient.
. Thesalutationin a friendly letter is Dear + first name
(eg Dear Ralph)
. (Suggestedendings for extracts 1, 2, 3)
1. I am deeply sorry that I will not be able to attend
the reception.
Yours sincerely,
Jane Smith
2. l'm sorryI won't be ableto be there.Enjoyyourself.
Yours,
Steve
3. I trustthe situationwill improveand I hope that this
w i l l not happenagai n.
Yours faithfully,
Tom Brown
. (Suggested beginnings for extracts 4, 5)
4. D earMr Jones,
I am writingin referenceto your letterof June 15
i n w hi ch you enqui redadvi ceabout ...
5. Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to apply for the post of Staff
Manageradvertisedin yesterday'sObseruer...
Tips for Writing Letters
lf you write to a friend of yours, or to your brother/
sister/cousin/niece, you addresshim/herusingDear
and his/her name (e.9. Dear Tom, nol Dear Friend;
Dear Mary, nol Dear Sisler"c r Dear Sister Mary). lf yo u
writetoan aunt/uncl€Gf ,rs11ys, you addresshim/her
using Dear + kind of relation + name, e.g. Dear
UncleTom,notDearUncle.lfyou writeto your mum,
dad, grandpa or grandma,you writeDear + kind of
refation (e.9. Dear Mum, Dear Grandma, not Dear
Mum Mary,DearGrandmaAnn).Informallettersif you
know the nameof the recipientyou sign usingYours
sincerely and your full name. lf you don't know the
nameof the recipient,you sign usingYours faithfully
and your ful l name.
39
ExamFocus:Unit3

(T can make a transparencylphotocoplesof this table for students'reference).

Formal letter when we know the name of the Formalletterwhen you do not knowthe nameof the
recipient recipient
3 Ap p l e St., 2 Swan St.,
B ri g h to n . B ri ghton,
2 n d A u g u s t,1 996 England.
(youraddress) 5thSeptember,1996
(youraddress)
Al lan S m it h,
PersonnelManager, The Manager,
Sun Com pany , The H i l tonH otel ,
35 Oxford St., 11 2 ,S e a nR u e ,
L ondon. P ari s,
(the recipient'saddress) France.
(the recipient'saddress)
Dear M r S m it h,
Dear Sir/Madam,

Yourssincerely,
MaryStevens Yoursfaithfully,
James Robins

Semi-formalletter showing respect for the recipient lnformal letter

with whom you are on friendly terms
33 StuartAve.,
5 CastleSt., C ul ts,
Glasgow. A berdeen.
1 7 thO c to b e r,1996 5th November,1996
(youraddress) (youraddress)

DearMr/MrsJones, D earJi m,

rs,
wishesfYou
Love/Regards/Best Love/Regards/Bestwishesffou rs,
Sue Sally

* Rememberthat it is not necessaryto write addressesin the FCE Exam.

1. 1. F - complexsentencestructureand vocabulary 2 . 1 . m o d e l1 4. model 1 7. model 2

2. F - formal language 2. model 1 5. model2 B . model2
3. | - pronounsomitted,zappy style 3. model2 6. model 1
4. F - formal language
5. - use of shortforms,colloquialexpressions
6. - short zappy style, chatty 3. Dear SiriMadam,
7. | - use of short forms
1. B - reasonfor writing,state problem
8. F - no use of short forms
2. D - firstcomplaint(strong,showingdissatisfaction)
9. F - impersonalstyle- formal language with justification
10. use of colloquialEnglish,chatty
3. A - secondcomplaint(showingdissatisfaction)with
11. colloquial,use of phrasalverb justification
1 2. - use of shortforms
- chatty 4 . E - t h i r dc o m p l a i n t
13.
5. C - demand for action
14. chatty, use of short forms
15. F - formal language Yoursfaithfully,
16. F - complexsentencestructure Janet Barns
17. F - non- c ollo q u i aEl n g l i s h
18. t - pr onounso mi tte d ,c o l l o q u i aE
l nglish
19. t - pr onounso mi tte d ,c o l l o q u i aE
l nglish
2 0. F - use of PassiveVoice,formal language

40
 ExamFocus:Unit3

4. Letter a (formal) gency,the crew would have been totallyunprepared.

1. apologis e In addition,when the food arrived,it had not been
6. u n d e rg re a tp re s sure
2. D ue t o properlyheated.Apartfrombeingunappetising, this is
T. l hope
3. be in attendance B. in the nearfuture extremelydangerous,as inadequateheatingcan re-
4. I have been intending g. sult in severefood poisoning.
cordialdiscussion
5. contact 10. As I travel by plane frequently,I will seriously
I look forward
reconsi derusi ngE agl eA i rl i nesagai nunl essthe si t u-
Model a ation improves.
Paragraph Plan
Paragraph 1: reasonfor writing (clearup misunder- Yoursfaithfully,
standing) HeatherBriggs
Paragraph 2: development(explainsituation)
Final paragraph: closing remark(suggesta second 6 . (Suggestedanswer)
meeting) Dear Patrick,
I'm writingjustto sayhowsorryI am aboutthedelay
Letter b (informal) in payingyou back the money I owed you. I feel really
1. say how sorry I am guiltyabout it but there was nothingelse I could do.
6. so stressedout
2. B ec aus eof 7. Hope My bosspromisedme my wageswouldbe paidinto
3. make it the bankon Friday.Unfortunately, the moneydidn,tgo
B. real soon
4. I've been meaning g. pleasantchat i n unti lMondaymorni ng,so I coul dn' tpay you bac k
5. get in touch with unti lthen.
10. I'm lookingforward
Anyway,I hopeyou willacceptmy apologyand that
Model b you'renot angrywith me. I hope I didn'tcauseyou too
Paragraph Plan much i nconveni ence. W hy don' t w e go out to di nne r
Paragraph 1: reasonfor writing (apology) one eveningthis week? l'll give you a call during the
Paragraph 2: development(explainreasonwhy week to arrangeit.
missedwedding)
Finalparagraph:closingremarks(arrangea meeting) Best wishes,
Melissa
5. (Suggestedanswer)
7.1.E 2.A 3.D 4.c 5.C 6.8 7.F
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writingto complain about the quality of the Dear Sir/Madam,
serviceand food I receivedon EagleAirwaysflight711
p a r a g r a p h1 - s e n t e n c e E
from Londonto Madridon 12thJune.
paragraph2 - sentencesA, D
The crewweretotallyindifferentto the passengers.
paragraph3 - sentencesG, C, B
A fellow passenger,an elderlyman, requiredassist-
paragraph4-sentenceF
ance and repeatedly pressed the call button. He
receivedno attentionwhatsoever.I happenedto turn
roundand sawthreemembersof the crewsittingatthe Yoursfaithfully,
back of the plane, chatting and smoking! | find this Kenneth Brown
behaviourunacceptable.Had there been a realemer-

T is advised to go through the following tables fo see the tanguage usedand the difference in formal and informat tetter-
writing according to each type of letter.Remind Ss thaf semi4ormat styleis a combination of formal and informal
writing. T can ask Ss to think of any opening and closing remarksfor each type of letter.T can ask Ss to think of any
opening and closing remarks for each type of letterbefore he does Ex. 8 or after having done Ex. 8. Some useful
opening and closing remarks for lettersare:

Lettersof invitation
OpeningRemarks ClosingRemarks
Formal we would be honouredif you;l cordiallyinvite we would be gratefulif you could;we hope to see
you to; your presencewould be appreciated you; pleaseindicatewhetheryou will be able to
at; you are invitedto attend,etc. attend, etc.

In fo rm al I ' mwr iti n gto i n v i tey o uto ;w h y d o n ' ty o u come I' d l oveto see you agai n;I hope you' l lbe abl eto
and s pe n ds o m e ti me p ; l e a s ec o me to ;I ' d l ove make it; pleaselet me know as soon as possible;
it if you could come to, etc. I'm lookingforwardto, etc.

41
ExamFocus:Unit3

Acceptingan invitation
Opening Remarks ClosingRemarks

Formal lwo u l db e d e l i g h te dto ; l w o u l db e to honoured I look forwardto seeingyou, etc.

to; I am writingto acceptyour kind invitation,
etc.

lnformal l' d lo v eto c o me ;th a n k sfo rth e k i n di nvi tati on; I can't wait to see you again; until next Saturday
t he ...y o u i n v i te dme to s o u n d sl o vel y;I' d be then, etc.
glad to, etc.

Refusingan invitation
OpeningRemarks C l osi ng R emarks

Formal of; I hopeto be

It will be impossiblefor me to attend;I am afraid I am sorryto missthe opportunity
I am unableto fit it into my schedule;I haveto giventhe opportunity to meetyou at a laterdate,
refuse;Due to other commitments,etc. etc.

lnformal I'mafraidI can'tcome;I'msorryto tellyou;I'd It's a real shame; I hope we can get together
loveto comebut;I'm sorry| can'tmakeit; some other time; I'm sorry to; how about next
I won'tbe ableto come,etc. week instead,etc.

Askingfor information
OpeningRemarks Closing Remarks

Formal I am writingto inquireabout; could you lwould appreciateit if you could informme as soon
possiblysend; may I request;I would be as possible;I lookforuvard to receiving;it would be
gratefulif; could you pleasesend me further of great help if you could fax me the details,etc.
details,etc.

Informal can you send me; let me know; can you tell let me know;tell me soon;send me the details,etc.
me (if),etc.

Givinginformation
OpeningRemarks
Formal I am writingto informyou about; in replyto
your query;the followinginformationis what
was requested;I am pleasedto be able to
assistyou in your enquiries,etc.
ClosingRemarks
I hope that I havebeen of some helpto you; ltrust
that this is the informationyou require;please
informme if I can be of any further
assistance,etc.

lnformal this is what I found out; I hope this is the in- I hope this will help you; let me know if you need
formationyou were lookingfor; this is what any more hel pfi ndi ngout about;I' m gl ad I coul d
you asked me about, etc. hel p you, etc.

42
 Exam Focus: Unit 3

Lettersgivingdirections
Op e n i n g R e m a rk s Closing Remarks
Formal I have enclosedsome directionsand a map; I trust that you willfind these directionshelpful;I
in case you do not know the exact locationof hope that you are able to followthe directions
t he, ..;I h a v ei n c l u d e ds o me d i re c tions;i f you given, etc.
followthe directionsbelow/mapbelow...,etc.

Informal in case you don't know the way l'll give you I hope you understandthe directions;I hope that
some directions;hereare a few directions,so you can find your way alright;pay attentionto the
y ou d o n ' tg e t l o s t;l ' l l te l ly o u h o w to g et there; directions;my directionsshouldn'tbe too difficult
jus ta q u i c kn o teto te l ly o u h o wto g e tto...;l ' ve to follow.etc.
writtensome directions,and drawn a map to
help, etc.

Applicationfor a job
OpeningRemarks ClosingRemarks
Formal I am writingwith regardto youradveftisement; I would appreciatea replyat your earliestconven-
I would like to apply for the post of, etc ience; I look forwardto meetingyou to discuss
the possibilityof employment;pleasecontactme
regardingany queries you may have, etc.

Lettersof apology
Remarks
Opening ClosingRemarks
Formal I am writingto apologisefor; I must apologise Wordscannotexpresshowsorry| am;I hopeyou
for; Pleaseacceptmy sincerestapologiesfor; willacceptmyapologies;
I hopemyapologies
were
How can I apologiseenoughfor; I must apolo- received,
etc.
gise profusely for, etc.

Informal I hope you will understandwhen I say that;
Whatcan I say,exceptI'm sorrythat; l'm sorry
for; I owe you an apology:I'm so sorryif I upset
you in any way; I can'tdescribehow sorryI am
and how guilty I feel, etc.
I hope you believeme when I say how sorry I am;
I can't tell you how sorry I am; I beg you to forgive
me for; There is no excusefor...andI hope you'll
forgiveme, etc.

Lettersof complaint
OpeningRemarks ClosingRemarks
Strong I wasdisgustedby; lwas extremely
appalled I fullyinsistyou replacethe itemat once; I demand
at;lwanttoexpressmystrongdissatisfaction,you fully refundmy money, etc.
etc.

Mitd I am writingto complain;I had been led to Nevertheless, I hope/assumeyou will replace;I
belie v e Y
; o u r ... i s u n a c c e p ta b l eI;c oul dn' t trust the situationwill improve;I hope the matter
believethat, etc. will be resolved,etc.

43
ExamFocus:Unit3

Lettersaskingfor advice
Opening Remarks C l osi ng R emarks

Formal I am writingto ask for your advice;Could you I would appreciateit if you could give me your
possiblyofferyour advice;I would be grateful adviceas soon as possible;I look forwardto
if you could offeryour advice;Could you receivingyour advice;lt would be of great help if
pleasegive me your advice,etc. you could adviseme, etc.

lnformal I'm writingto askfor your advice;Canyou give Give me your advicesoon; Send me your advice
me your advice;Give me Youradvice soon;Y our advi cew oul d hel p me a l ot, etc.
about, etc.

Letters giving advice

OpeningRemarks C l osi ng R emarks

Formal I stronglyrecommendthat; I would suggest I trustyou willacceptthisadvice;I hopethiswill be

that; I believethe best courseof action is; of help; I would very much liketo know if this was
I w o u l d a d v i s ey o u to , e tc . helpful/hasbeen of some use, etc'

lnformal lf l w e re y o u ; H o w a b o u td o i n gth i s;W hYdon' t Hope this helped;Let me know how it went, etc.
you; Let me give you some advice,etc'

Lettersexpressingthanks
OpeningRemarks Closing Remarks

Formal I am writingto thankyou for; I wishto thankyou yourthoughtfulness;

I appreciate I wouldliketo
for. etc. ; Your thoughtfulgift/gestu
expressmygratitude re
was greatly
appreciated,etc.

lnformal I ' m w ri ti n gto s a yth a n k sfo r;T h anksso much How nice of you to think of me; Thanks again; I
for, etc. won't forget your kind gesture,etc.

Lettersexpressingregret
OpeningRemarks ClosingRemarks

Formal I regretto informyou that; lt is with regretthat I cannot expresshow much I regret;Shouldyou
I must informyou about, etc. need any assistance,I would be happy to, etc.

lnformal Unfortunately, I'vegot somebad newsforyou; Words can't expresshow much I regret;lf you
I ' m w ri ti n gto te l ly o u s o me b a d n ew s;l fi nd i t need anything,I'd be glad to, etc.
hardto tellyou that; I can'tfind an easyway to
tell you this, etc.

Lettersexpressingcongratulations
OpeningRemarks C l osi ng R emarks

Formal I am writingto congratulateyou; I want to I wishyou allsuccessin yourfutureendeavours;

expressmy congratulations, etc. I am confidentthat you will carryout your new
dutieswithconscientiousness, etc.

lnformal I'm writing to congratulateyou; Let me say I' m happyfor you; Good for you!; Y ou shoul dbe
on...,etc'
co n g ra tu l a ti o n sC;o n g ra tu l a ti ons so proud of yourself,etc.

44

8. 1. F formal - letteraskingfor details/information
Appropriate language:/ am writing(fullforms)
complex sentencestructure.I look forwardto
receiving
2. G informal- letter accepting an invitation
Appropriate language.,Thanks;woutd love to;
Let me know (chattystyle)
3. D informal- letteraskingfor advice
Appropriate language: l' m writing(shortforms);
Pleasetell me (chatty style)
4. E informal- letter of apology
Appropriate lang ua ge:l'm writing (shortforms);
How about...; Letme say...(chattystyle)
5. B formal - letter of invitation
Appropriate language: you are invited (pas-
sive voice); We would be honoured (,formal
language)n, o n -c o l l o q u i aEl n g l i s h
6. H informal- letterof thanks
Appropriate language I'd lke (shortforms);
Thanksagain (chatty styte)
7. C formal - letterof complaint
Appropriate lang uage: I am writing ...(tullforms);
I demand a full refund (strong manner of com_
plaint,complexsentencestructure)...
B. A friendlylettertellingthe news
Appropriate langua ge you won,tbelievehow ...
(short forms); Anyway; worked out, to take
you for a spin; (colloquialEnglish,chatty
style,phrasalverbs)
9. (Suggeted letter of application)
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writingto applyfor the positionof touristguide
which was advertisedin TheWeeklyTimeson Monday,
J u l y5 .
I graduatedfrom Weston College in 1gg0,with a
degree in Tourismand Marketing.While at Weston,I
travelledextensivelythroughoutEurope.I am a fluent
speakerof French,Spanishand German.
My current position is Senior Tourist guide in
Madrid,Spain with Cosmo Tours.t have been with
Cosmo for two yearsand have also worked in Seville
and Barcelona.My duties have includedtransferring
passengersto their hotels, organisingand leading
excursionsand dealingwith a varietyof queries.I have
e n clos edm y C. V . an d w o u l d b e g l a d to s u p p l y a ny
additionalinformationwhich you may need. I would
very much like the opportunity to work with your
company.
I look foruyardto hearingfrom you soon.
Yoursfaithfully,
An n D o b b s
10 . 1 . D - r eas onf or w ri ti n g(p a ra1 )
2. B - descriptionof event (settingscene) (para2)
3. A - descriptionof event (para3)
4. C - closingremarks (Finalpara)
ExamFocus:Unit3
11. a. giving details/information- formal
D earMr H i ggi ns,
I am writing to give you the informationyou
requestedabout the photographyschool...
... I hope that I have been of some help to you.
Pleaseinformme if I can be of any further
assistance.
Yourssincerely,
Jeremy Barking
b. (Before doing "b", T is advised to elicit useful
phrases for giving directions from Ss. Use fhe
suggestions below to help fhe sfudents.)
Some useful phrases for giving directions are:
Turn left/rightat ...i Go straight...; Bear left/
ri ght ...;Go al ong ... unti lyou reach...,etc.
giving directions - informal
DearJosie,
I thought l'd better drop you a line giving
directionsto my house for the party on Saturday
...You shouldn'thaveany difficultyin findingit,
but if you do, just give me a call.
See you then.
Love,
Bess
c. letter of apology - informal
DearJack,
ljust wantedto drop you a lineto say how sorry
I am for the way I behavedlastThursdaynight...
... Of course I know this doesn't excuse my
dreadfulbehaviour,but I do hope you can forgive
me.
Yours,
Jim
d. letter of invitation - informal
DearTina and Tony,
How are you both? Hope you're well. I am
writingto inviteyou to our wedding receptionon
May 23 at 6 pm. ...
We're lookingforwardto seeingyou, so let us
know if you are able to come.
Love,
Jamesand Mi l l y
e. letter of advice - formal
D ear Mi ss S ul l i van,
Thank you for your letter.I would suggestthat
you finishingyour universitystudiesshould be
yourfirstpriority.Afterobtainingyour degree,you
will have the opportunityto pursue other activi-
ties...
... I trustthat you will acceptthis advice,as I am
confidentthat if you concentrateon your studies,
you will succeed.
Yoursincerely,
Professor
Sutton
45
ExamFocus:Unit3

f. letteracceptingan invitation- informal

DearSusan,
Thanksforthe kindinvitation...'
...We can'twaitto seethe baby. Untilthe 19ththen'
Love,
Mary

12. Model A
Dear Sir/Madam,
wrongstyte;the@oreaboutyourautoexchangeprogramme?|
lettershoutd /"' reiO yo.-ur on the 26thApril.I'm
in Ihe Obseruer
aOvertisement uses shorf forms
be formal throughout the letter
interestedin the auto exchangeschemeand I'd be gratefulif yg
could send me moredetails.I havesome question you
toanswer missing information
-
I want to exchange my car for a new A9!9t Do you
part of the have Japanesecars?
information t hasonl Ydone 130,000ki l ometres
is missing
andit,singoodcondition.l,da|so|iketoasr.UsesSamewords
accepted. How old does my car haveto be? l'd be happyto send as in the nofes
photosand maintenancerecordsof my car if thiswould helpyou'
I'm lookingforwardto your reply.Thanksin advancefor your
h e l pa n d a d v i c e .
wrong ending,
full name needed

with Yours,carl (informal)'lt is also

Model A is bad becauseit startswith Dear Sir/Madam(formal)and it finishes
in the letterexactlythe same way as
vague about the detailswhich are required.The notes given have been used
forms are also used throughoutthe
in the advertisement.part of the informationgiven hasn-'tbeen used. short
letter.

Model B

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing with regard to your adveftisementin The observer on April 26.
Any fuftherinformationyou could send me about your auto exchangescheme
would be greatlyappreciated.However,I would be gratefulif you could answer
givesall includes information
a few questionsI have. from the rubric in the
needed
information I am interestedin exchangingmy car and purchasinga new Honda Civic' writer's own words
you accept
I would like to enquireas to exactlywhat kind of car is required.Do
\
\ cars that are more than ten years old? Does your company accept all makes'
\
includinqGermancars?
\ I have a 1986 red OPel has covered
130,000 kilometr i choose any make or am I limited to the same

Yours faithfullY,
Carl Briggs

the style of a formal letter'Each

Model B is good as it asks for specificinformationin a clear manner.lt follows
has been included,expressedin the writer's
paragraphhas a topic and all informationprovidedin the advertisement
own words.

46
 ExamFocus:Unit3

Paragraph plan for Model B: three morningsa week lastingfour hours each les-
paragraph 1 - reason for writing son. Try not to choose Saturdayas it gets very busy
paragraphs 2, 3 - detailedquestions/information on the lake.
frorn rubric The instructorsare all well-qualifiedand are very
final paragraph - closing remarks helpful.Thereare only five studentsin each classso
you get a lot of personalattention.
13. 1. ! 3.a 5.e 7. d You will be provided with a lifejacketand sail_
2.c 4.9 6.h B.b boatsof course.Theyare quitesmall,but this makes
sailinga lot easier.The price of the course is only
(Suggested Opening Phrases) t120, w hi ch i s not expensi ve.
a. I am writingto expressmy dissatisfaction with ... Anyway,I hope l've answeredall your questions.
b. I'm writingto say how sorry I am ... Good luck with the course.Let me know how it's
c. I wish to apply for the positionof ... going!
d. ... f'd fove it if you could come to ... Best wishes.
e. . . . I ' m af r aidI c a n ' t c o m e ... Karen
f. I would be gratefulif you could send me more
informationabout ... 16. 1. C formal - letter of complaint; strong com-
g. You requestedthe followinginformation... plaint - letter of complaint - literarystyle
h. . . . T hanky o u fo r th e k i n d i n v i ta ti o n... (eg Neverbefore...)
(Suggested Endings) Appropriate language; I wish to express
my dissatisfaction, I insistthat my money
hope the matterwill be resolved...
be refundedat once, I no longerwish ...
beg you to forgiveme for ... 2. D informal - refusing an invitation;short
would appreciatea reply at your earliesl
forms,col l oqui alE ngl i sh
nvenience.
Appropriate language: Thanksfor, I'm
d. I'd love to see you again.
reallysorry I can't ...
e. hope we can get togethersome othertime. 3. B informal - letter of congratulations; short
f. . . . s end m e t h e d e ta i l s...
forms, zappy
g. ... I trustthat this is the informationyou require.
Appropriate language:Congratulations, I'm
h. ... I look forwardto seeingyou at ...
so happy,good l uck ...
1 4 . (Suggested answer) 4. E formal - letterof application;complexsen_
tences,non-col l oqui al E ngl i sh
Dear Sir/Madam, Appropriate language:lam writingin refer_
I am writing to express my strong dissatisfaction ence to your advertisement, I am including
with my recentstay at the Grange HealthSpa. my C.V.,I am availablefor an interviewat
Contraryto your advertisement'sclaim that guests your earliestconvenience.
would be offereda selectionof meals,we had to make 5. A formal - letter of apology; complexsen-
do with the same poor-qualityfood every day. tences,non-colloquialEnglish
Moreover,I was appalledto find that the ,'luxury Appropriate language: I must apologise,I
suite"I was promisedwas, in reality,a small room regret,accept my most sincereapologies.
with barelyenough space to move around.In addi- 17. 1. narrative-descriptive - informal
tion, the only view from my window was of the 2. letteracceptingan invitation- informal
hotel'scar park. 3. lettergiving information- informal
On leavingI was alsochargedfor drinksI had had 4. letterof application- formal
in the bar, even though your advertisementclearly 5. letterasking for advice - formal
statesthat the pricewas all-inclusive. Furthermore,I 6. letterof complaint- formal
also had to pay extra for an aerobics class I took.
I insiston some compensationfor my experience 1. (Suggestedanswer)
or I will be forced to take this matterfurther.
Dear Mike,
Yours faithfully, I'm sorry that I haven'twrittenfor so long, but I'm
Ma rk Sma l l s onlyjustgettingbackto normalafterspending a month
in Africa on safari. lt was a fantastic holiday, but
1 5 . (Suggested answer) certainlynot one that I would recommendto the faint-
Dear Brian, hearted.
Thanksfor your letter.I'm glad you'rethinkingof It was a great adventure but a bit scary at times.
ta k inga s ailingc o u rs e .I' m s u re y o u ' l le n j o y i t. Nearthe end of the secondweek we weretravellingin
Letme tellyou a few thingsaboutthe course.First Land Roversacross a huge wildlife reservewhen
o f all, I ' d r ec om m e n dd o i n g i t i n J u n e a n d J u l y, suddenly,out of nowhere,a huge rhinoappearedand
otheruiseit can be very cold.The lessonstake place chargedat the group in the firstcar. Luckily,it missed

47
ExamFocus:Unit3
the car, but onlyjust,and then chasedus for aboutfive
minutesbeforegivingup. We were all so shockedthat
we forgot to take any pictures.The guides thought it
was all extremelyfunny,especiallyas it was meantto
be a photo-safari.
Apartfrom that one incident,everythingwent very
smoothlyand I took some great shots of hippos and
crocodilesduring a three-dayboat trip up the river.
Anyway,l'll tell you all about it when I see you.
R e g a rd s ,
Matthew
2. (Suggested answer)
Dear Stuaft,
It was a wonderfulsurpriseto hearfrom you again
after so many months. I'm pleased to accept your
invitationto go skiing at the weekend. I've already
startedto wax my skis and shop for a new ski jacket!
Your suggestionof going to Loon Mountainis an
excellentone.l'veheardgreatthingsaboutitsbeautiful
tr ails and long, w e l l -g ro o m e dru n s . l ts s k i l o d ge i s
reputed to be on a par with those at the great resorts
in Switzerland.
I'm very much lookingforwardto seeingyou again.
Let'smeeton the 5th at 10 am at the bottomof chairlift
#2.We'll catchup on eachother'slivesas we go up the
mountain.and then race to the bottom!
S e e y o u th e n ,
Tim
3 . (Suggested answer)
Dear Hans,
I ' v ef oundt he i n fo rma ti oyno u a s k e dm e fo r,l ' l lgi ve
you all the details when you come to see me next
month, but here'sa summaryin the meantime.
Three area institutionsoffer post-secondarybusi-
nessprogrammes.CavendishCollegeis herein town,
but it is known more for its medicalcoursesthan its
commercefaculty.
The Universityof Thwipp is about an hour away by
train.lt has about 300 businessgraduateseveryyear,
and is said to be top-notch.One drawbackis its cost:
tuition is about t5,000 per year.
The Googol School of Businessis probablyyour
bestbet.lt'sa half-hourwalkfrom town,is inexpensive,
and offersa wide varietyof businessand economics
courses.
Hope this is of some help. See you next month!
Love,
Heidi
4 . (Suggested answer)
Dear Sir,
I am writingin responseto your advertisementon
May 1Othin TheSundayTimes forthe positionof Junior
Reporter,for which I wish to aPPly.
I believethat I have the proper qualificationsand
experiencefor the post advertised.I worked on my
school'smonthlymagazine,where I becamethe edi-
48
tor. At OxfordUniversityI was also a reporterworking
for the weeklystudentnewspaper.BeforeI graduated
from Oxfordwith a degreein Journalism,I took a one-
year sabbaticalworkingfor a small local paper.I was
responsiblefor coveringmajorlocalevents,as well as
writinga weeklybusinesscolumn.I alsowrotevarious
articleson travel and tourism, and home improve-
ments.
I have enclosedmy CurriculumVitae,which gives
full detailsof my previousexperienceand educational
qualifications.I am availablefor an interviewat your
earliestconvenience,and I look forward to meeting
you to di scussempl oymentopportuni ti es.
Yoursfaithfully,
Jason Green
5. (Suggested answer)
Dear Mrs Brown,
I am writingwith regardto my son's behaviourat
school recently.I would liketo ask for your adviceon
the matter.
As you know, Darren has had some problems
adjustingto life at high school. He appearsto have
stopped doing his homeworkand has become very
disruptiveduring his classes.His teachers have all
complained about his behaviour and say that he
disturbsthe other students.I can't understandthis
suddenchangein behaviour.Darrenhas alwaysbeen
such a well-behaved,hard-workingboy in the past.
I have tried to talk to him but he is unwillingto
discusshis problemswith me or hisfather.SinceI have
never had any complaintsabout my son's behaviour
before,I am not sure about what I should do.
I would be gratefulif you could offer me your
advice.I look forwardto your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Jane Baton
6' (Suggested answer)
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to complain in the strongestterms
about the roadworkswhich have been in progress
outsidemy housefor the lastfour weeks.
The noise is intolerable,starting at eight in the
morning and continuing until five in the afternoon.
Moreover,there has been no attemptto tidy the area
around the works and there are bricksand piecesof
wood all overthe street.This has resultedin unneces-
sarydelaysin traffic,notto mentionthe inconvenience
this causesto pedestrians.
As a localtaxpayerI am disgustedto see my money
being spent in this way. Although the roadworks
should have been completed weeks ago, workers
keep loiteringaround,makingno attemptstocleanthe
area or finishthe project.
of the councilcome to
I insistthat a representative
inspectthe roadworksimmediatelyto seewhat can be
done to improve this situation.I look forward to a
prompt reply.
Yours faithfully,
Thomas Brown
 Unit4: Part 1

Unit 4
Unit4-Part1 3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise these fexf-
related collocations and expressions.f checks in the
Warm-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 82) nert lesson.)
1. to foresee B. ski l l ed
. (Suggestedanswers) 2. speculative 9. si gni fi cant
They'rein Egypt.Everyonethinksslavesbuiltthem. 3. to capture 10. to underesti mate
Pharaohs wereburiedinside.Manytourists
visitthem. 4. to bri ng 11. deceased
5. to lead 12. widely
. (Suggestedanswers) 6. doubt 13. appoi nted
- camel-Egypt- King- build- slaves 7. master's 14. archaeological
pyramid - mummy
- sphinx- Pharaoh,
etc 4. 1. l ocati on 6. ori gi nal l y
2. construction 7. Transportation
. Warm-upListeningActivity 3. undoubtedl y B. technological
1. archaeological 4. achievement 9. certainly
L to m b
2. m em or ial 10. 5. i mpressi ve 10. archaeologists
body
3. daught er 11 . tools 5. 1. . . .I c a n p u t u p w i t h. . .
4. storehouses 12. million 2. ...to put me throughto ...
5. g r ain 13. taxation 3. ... put fonvardhi s opi ni on...
6. w is dom 14. re l i g i o u s 4. ... put the fi re out/putout the fi re ...
7. a lien 15. architects 5. ... put asi deour di fferences...
8. apocalypse
6. ... put off goi ng to the ...
7. ... to put across my ideas .../toput my ideas
ReadingTask:Part 1 (p. 82-83) across...

1 .C 2.F 3.8 4.D 5.G 6.H 6. 1. monuments 3. w hereas 5. templ e

2. compared 4. memory 6. of
VocabularyExercises:Part 1 (p. 84-85)
7. (T should go through the cues with the Ss and explain
1 . d i stinc t iv e- unique ;s p e c i a l any unknown words. Then Ss work on their own. Ss
report back to the c/ass.)
instantly - immediately
construction - act of buildingsth (Suggested answer)
speculation - act of theorisingabout sth The Colosseumis in Rome,ltalywhereasthe Kremlin
o ri g i n - s our c e is in Moscow,in the former SovietUnion.The Colos-
storehouses - placeswherethingsare kept for future seum i s obvi ousl ymuchol derthanthe K reml i n- i t w as
use bui l t i n B 0 A .D .,w hi l ethe K reml i nw as bui l tfar more
wisdom - deep knowledge recently.The Colosseumwas used as an arena for
road sign - sign on road that gives directionsor gladiators,whereasthe KremlinhousesRussia'scen-
instructions tralgovernmentoffices.Thetwo constructionsarealso
alien - creaturefrom anotherplanet very differentin terms of shape; the Colosseumis a
converted - changed circularamphitheatremadeup of rowsof arches,while
chambers - rooms the Kremlinhas many minaret-shaped towers and is
latter - the last of two things mentioned surroundedby high walls.In terms of buildingmateri-
evidence - informationthat may prove sth als, the Kremlinwas built using red-colouredbricks,
entire - whole and the Colosseumusing large stone blocks.
mud-brick - of wet earthor clay made into blocksand
d ri e d 8. a) 1 . custom 3. ceremony
advance - improvement 2 . habit 4. tradition
era - period of time b) 1 . monument 2. civilisation 3. culture
workforces - groups of peoplewho work
Follow-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 85)
2. 1. d ev is ed 6. mu n d a n e
2. evolution 7. traced (Suggested answers): I think the pyramidswere
3. wicked 8. g ra i n probablylibrariesfor the Egyptians.They had an
4. mem or ial 9. fa m i n e advancedcultureand would have wanted to preserve
5. mult it ude 10. attributed their knowledge.Maybethey werejust builtfor deco-
ration.

49
Unit4: Part2

Tomb of Mausolus (Suggested answer)

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus I thinkbeingableto trustsomeoneand talk aboutyour
HangingGardensof Babylon problemsand feelingswith them makesa realfriend-
Colossusof Rhodes ship.
lvory/Goldstatue of Zeus (Olympus)
1. hel pi ngi n ti mesof cri si s
Pharos,Alexandria
2. sharingsecrets
(T elicitsinformationfrom Ss and writesiton the board. 3. enjoyingthe same hobbies
4. seeingsomeoneregularlY
Ss, fhen, look atthe notesand talk aboutthe Pyramids.)
5. knowingsomeonea long time
Theories: Greek,Medieval,Arab, Modern 6. buying each other Presents
History of Construction:amazingachievement,
organisedworkforces,used buildingramps/copper (Suggestedanswer): lthink men and women expect
and stonetools,more than two millionblocksmoved. differentthingsfrom theirfriendships,women wanting
The workers: popularbeliefthat they were slaves,or friendsthey can talk to on an emotionalleveland men
bound by religiousduty, now believedthat they did it wantingpeopleto do things with. All people do how-
as a form of taxation. ever want to be with people they can trust and whose
companythey enjoy.
(Suggested talk)
Hello.Today'stheme is the Pyramids.Let'slook at Warm-up Listening Activity
theirhistory.Thereare manytheoriesaboutthereason 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F
the Pyramidswere built.The Greeksbelievedthat the
first pyramid was constructed as a memorial to the ReadingTask:Part2 (P.86-87)
wicked King Khufu'sdaughter,while during medieval
times they were believedto be warehousesfor storing 7. C (Ln 5-7) 1 1 . B ( L n2 9 - 3 0 )
grain. Arab philosophersthought they were libraries 8. C (Ln16-18) 12. A (Ln 34-36)
for preservingEgyptianscientificand medicalwisdom. 9. C (Ln13-15) 13. C (Ln 47)
Moderntheoriesrangefrom the pyramidsbeing used 10. D (Ln 22-23)
as predictivedevices, to a theory that the pyramids
were constructedby aliensas a road sign!
However,if they were builtby humans,then it was
VocabularyExercises:Part2 (p.88-89)
an amazing achievement,especiallybecause they 1. mates- friends
usedsuchprimitiveequipment,suchas buildingramps proportions- size
and copperand stonetools.The popularbeliefusedto well-stocked- fullof suPPlies
be that the workerswere slavesor builtthe pyramids plum-coloured - reddish-PurPle
out of religiousduty,but it is now believedthatthey did registryoffice - an officewherecivilmarriages
take
so as a form of taxation. place
misplacing- losingtrackof
: GrammarCheck:Part1 (P.85) inseparable- veryclose
irony - unexpected factor outcome
2. of 7. ./ 12. from meaningful- fullof purpose;significant
'/ 13. for
3. about 8. mutually- together
4. towards f. into 14. to kick in - to startto havean effect
5. to 10. ,/ 15. / squeezedout - replacedbYsth else
6. to 11. with
2. 1. convert 6. fulfilment
2. cram 7. purred
Unit4 - Parl2 3. flounder 8. launch
4. afflicts 9. qualify
5. maintenance 10. reunion

. 3. (Ss shou/d memorise these text-related collocafions

(Suggested answer): These men look as if they're
and expressions.T checks in the nexf /esson.,)
very close friends.They could even be brothers.The
group in the secondpicture(p.87) lookas thoughthey
1. to play 6. to make 11. to l ose
could be fellowstudentsat university.I thinkthatthese
2. vi cti m 7. emotional 12. to go out
peopleare friends,sharingthe same interestsdespite
3. fri ends 8. to cram 13. to talk
their race and religiousbeliefs.
4. to form 9. well-stocked 14. to get to
5. purring 10. to serve

50
 Unit4: Part3

4. 1. bosom buddies - very closefriendse.g.Peterand . (T elicitsinformationfrom Ss and writesit on the board.

Jack are bosom buddies; they teII each other every-
thing and spend alltheir time together.
2. friends in high places - said of sb who knows
important,influentialpeople e.g. My fatherhelped
me to get a job in the company where he works, as
he has friends in high places.
3. fair-weatherfriend - personwho is friendlyonly
when things are going well.e.g. Joe turnedout to
be afair-weatherfriend; as soon as I startedhaving
problems he stopped ringing me.
4. make friends - becomefriendse.g"Sa//ymet Ann
on the first day of school and they made friends
immediately.
5. a friend in need is a friend indeed - a true friend
is one who helpswhen times are hard e.g. Chris
sfood by me throughoutmy ordeal; in this case the
saying "a friend in need is a triend indeed', is
definitely true.
5 . 1. compatriot 3. acquaintance 5. partner
2. mate 4. companion 6. associate
Then Ss talk about their friendship with the writer.)
How long we've known each other: friends tor 17
years
Things we used to do: go to pub, play in band
Ti mes I' ve hel ped hi m: put hi m up w hen he had
nowhereto stay, lend him a car at his wedding
How we lost touch: he got marriedand was busy - we
didn't tall out or argue
(Suggested answer)
We're great mates.I've known Nigel tor 17 years.We
usedto go for drinkstogetherand we playedin a band.
When he had problems,he slept on my sofa and had
the run of my house.He used my car for his
weddingtoo. Once he was married,we neverhad time
to meetor go out,eventhoughwe liveneareachother.
There wasn't any argument.Now, we have to really
make an effortto meet,but I stillconsiderhim a close
fri end.

6. 1 . D 2.8 3.8 4.D 5.A 6.C

GrammarCheck:Part2 (p. Bg)
7 . 1 . out with 4. for 7 . b e h i n dw i th 1. . . .a p o l o g i s e d
f o r b e i n g. . .
2 . in with 5. off B. apart 2. ... compl ai nedthat S am neverdi d ...
e thr ough 6. o n /u p o n 3. ... agreedthat the dressw as ...
4. ... accusedTi m of taki nghi s ...
8 . 1 . r ewar ding 8. re l a ti o n s h i p 5. ... w arnedher not to be ...
2 . s t r ongly 9. security 6. ... encouragedher to take part ...
3 , Undoubt edly / 10. c o n s i d e ra b l y 7. ... begged hi m/hernot to l eave...
Doubtless 11. faithful 8. ... advi sedher to go ...
4 . ionelines s 12. trustworthy/trusting 9. ... admitted(to) havingeaten ...
5. isolation 13. p e rs o n a l i0. . . .s u g g e s t e dg o i n gt o t h e . . .
6. warmth 14. c o n fi d e n c e
7. intimacy
Unit4-Part3
9 . fri e n ds hip:pal, boso m b u d d y ,c o m p a n i o nfri , end
work: acquaintance,colleague,partner,workmate, Activities:Part3 (p.g0)
Warm-up
associate,boss, employee
fa mily : s on, hus ba n d , c o u s i n , w i fe , a u n t, b ro th er, . (Suggested answer): I think the text is about the
mother-in-law, spouse,stepsister,widow, niece, problems society faces due to unemploymentand
u n cl e,nephew povefty.

(As an extension T can ask Ss to draw their famity tree . (Suggested answer): dole, redundancy,sack, fire,
and talk about it.)
boredom, applicationform, unemploymentbenefit,
10. 1. poverty,work, factory, cutbacks, etc
. . .c a m e a s a s h o c kt o . . .
2. . . . he f ell v ic t imto ...
. (Suggestedanswer):
3. ... got to the point where/that...
4. . . . r egar dshim a s ... The main causesof unemploymentare:
5. ... have lost contactwith ... - a bad economicclimate
- advancedtechnologyreducingthe number of
Follow-upActivities:Part2 (p. 89) workersrequiredfor a job
- over-populationin many cities
. - people under/over-qualifiedfor many jobs
(Suggested answer)
- lack of skilledworkersto operatenew technology
Friendshipis very importantto me becauseit's nice
to havesomeonetoconfidein and shareyourthoughts . Warm-up Listening Activity
and feelingswith.I once had an argumentwitha friend
becausehe borrowedmoney and didn't pay it back. 1. T 2.F 3.T 4.r 5.F 6.F
I felt he had taken advantaqeof me.

51
Unit 4: Part 3

ReadingTask: Part 3 (p. 90-91) a) apply for: earn money, interestedin particular
subject,etc
1 4 . A 1 5 .| 1 6 .G 1 7 . 8 1 8 .H 1 9 .D 20.E b) resign from: low wages, unsociablehours,find
a more chal l engi ngj ob, etc
c) are fired from: do sth wrong, embezzlemoney,
VocabularyExercise:Part3 (p. 92-93)
constantlybe late,leaveearlierthan they should,
etc
1 . growth - expansion;act of gettingbigger
d) are promoted to: work hard and efficiently,etc
global - relatedto the whole world
e) retire from: reachage limit,etc
inequality - situationin which not everybodyis
treated in the same way (Suggested answer)
poverty - the conditionof being extremelypoor SA; I think that peopleapply for jobs to earn money,
rapid - quic k and s u d d e n and to have somethingto do.
heightened - increased SB; Yes,and also becausethey may be interestedin
industrialised - having a developed manufacturing a particularsubject,and wantto work in thatfield.
system SA; That could also be a reasonwhy people resign
wealth - possessionof a large amount of money/ from a job, to do a differentjob thatthey are more
propefty etc interestedin.
poses - brings up, causes SB; Yes.Theymightalsobe firedfor doingsomething
rate - level w rong.
raw materials - untreatedsubstances/ coal, oil etc SA; Or promotedbecausethey do very good work.
labour - workers SB; You have to put in a lot of effortto get promoted.
immigration - the movingof peoplefrom one country SA; I agree.
to anotherto settledown permanently SB; Peopleretirefrom theirjob when they havedone
skilled - havingbeing trainedto do a particularjob it for a long time and have reachedan age when
supplies - gives sth they don't haveto work any more.
ret r aining- t eac h i n gs b n e w s k i l l s SA; Yes. In that case,they will receivea pension.
reduced - lower in output,amount etc.
policy - plan of action 8. 1. impression 6. nightshifts
goal - what one wants to achieve 2. curri cul umvi tae 7. flexitime
structured - organised 3. qual i fi cati ons 8. chi l d care
4. interview 9. cl ock i n and out
2. 1. boom 5. a s s e mb l e 9 . tra d e 5. shift-work 10. pay and condi ti ons
2. s ur plus 6. conducive 10. in the lurch
(AfferSshavedone Exercise8T can askSs to coverthe
3. fund 7. asseft
textand remember as many words as posslble related
4. out put 8. q u a d ru p l e
to the theme "work.")
3. 1 . wage,s alar y
9. 1. unemployed 4. government
2. temporary,full time, permanent
2. gradually 5. daily
3. ear nings per
, ks
g a i n ,p ro fi t
3. employer 6. choi ce
4. ex pendit ur e,
5. gain,annualin c o me (AfterSs have done ExerciseI T can ask Ss to cover the
6. wor k ,win brt and remember as many words as possible related
to the theme"unemployment'eg on the do\e,unempIoy-
4 . (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese texf- ment benefit, etc and explain them.)
related collocations and expressions.f checks in the
nert lesson.) Follow-upActivities:Part3 (p. 93)
1. raw 7. boom
developing . (Before Ss prepare their talk, f goes through the
2. to decrease B.
3. to pose L job causes and solutions and explainslelicitstheir
4. to raise 10. unskilled meaning giving examples if necessary.)
5. f igur es 11, manufactured e.g. T: Why is cheap labour in developing
6. to earn 12. to cut back on countries a cause of unemployment?
SA: Because an employer would prefer to
5. 1 . ' f 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.e 6.g 7.c employ sb who asks for /ess money than
sb who asks for what the stafe says.
1 . af t er 2. beh i n d 3. on 4. out of

7 . (T elicitspossib/e reasons and writes them on the

board, fhen Ss work in closed pairs. f asks some pairs
to report to the c/ass.)

52
 Unit 4: Part 4

GrammarCheck:paft 3 (p. gg)

1. . . .f or f ear of be i n g m a d e ...
2. .. . s o t hat m one yc o u l d b e ...
3. .. . in or dert o s a ti s fy...
4. .. . t o av oidf allin gb e h i n d...
5. .. . wit h a v iew t o p ro v i d i n g.,.
6. ... preventthe government(from)reducing...

U n i t4 - P a r t 4
Warm-upActivities:part4 (p.g4)

Note:the paintingon p. 94 in the S's book has been paintedby CamiflePissarroand the other
on p. 95 in the S,s
book has been paintedby AugusteRenoir.

' (T draws the following spidergram on the board and eticitsfrom Ss as many
words as possible relatedto the
theme "museum."T helps Ss wrlh types of museumsi/Ss' knowtedge is tim1ed.)

old ships, battledescriptions,submarines, statues,paintings,

metals,coins,
photographs,machines ceramics,fossils,minerals
M A RI T I M EM U S EU M N A TION A LMU S E U M

coins,statues,
tapestry,
weapons,jewellery armour,weapons,medals
ARCHAEOLOGICAL W A R MU S E U M
MUSEUM

MUSEUM
old scientificinstruments, chi l dren' sgames,ol d dol l s,
mo dels ,f os s ils ,m in e ra l s teddy bears,model trains

S C I E N C EM U S E U M TOYMUSEUM

FOLKMUSEUM N A TU R A LH IS TOR YMU S E U M

pottery,traditional
clothes dinosaurbones,fossils,minerals

(Suggestedanswer)
TheGrahamSutherlandGallerymustcontainart and palntings, or perhapssculptures.
TheMuseumof welsh
woollen Industryprobablyshowsthe historyof the Welshwooltrade.The National
Museumand Gallerymust
exhibit
thingsto dowiththecountry's
heritage,
suchasoldcoins.TheRomanLegionaryMuseummighthaveRoman
soldiers'uniformsand Romancoins.TheWelshIndustrialand MaritimeMuJeummust
havemachines,
trains
andships.

Warm-upListeningActivity
1 . d r awings 3. work 5 . e x h i b i ti o n 7. two
2 . sc ulpt ur e 4. weaving 6 . 4 ,6 0 0 B . tour

53
Unit4: Part4

prior - previous
ReadingTask:Part4 (P.94-95)
maritime - naval;havingto do with the sea
30' D transPorted - carried
21,22.A, D (inanYorder)
31' E waterfront - area beside the sea
29.E
24. E 32. D
2. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese fext-
25. D 33. c retatedcollocationsand expressions.r checks in the
26. C 34' A nexf /esson.)
27. A 35. A
1. hi stori cal 5. to sP ark 9. to be
28,29.B, E (inanYorder)
2. to recei ve 6. admi ssi on 10. i l l ustrate s
7. aspects 11. outstanding
VocabularyExercises:Part4 (p. 96) 3. open-air
8. to obtain
4. to satisfy
1. works - paintings,drawingsetc resemblance 9. attractions
3. 1. Visitors 5.
token - sign 10. memorable
2. variety 6. historical
houses - contains
3. exhi bi ti on 7. rel i gi ous
contemPorary - modern
4. famous 8. monarchY
sculpture - shapesor figuresmodelledin stone,clay
etc 5. woven
4. 1. knitted 3. sewed
crafts - traditionalhandiwork
2. embroidered 4. stitched
accessed - reached
located - situated 5. ancient
5. 1. fossil 3. woven
mounts - displays
2. statue 4. i ndustry
spinning - methodof makingthreadfromfleece,using
a rotatingwheel
weaving - method of making cloth 6 . b . sculpt- sculPtor- sculPture
entertain- entertainer- entertainment/show
dyeing - changingthe colour of sth
d . sing- singer- song/music
fleece - sheeP'swool
e . compose- composer- music
trails - paths
f. write- writer - novel/storYetc
settings - sites
g . weave-weaver-cloth
tracing - describingthe developmentof sth
h. draw-artist-drawing
fossils - rocks marked with the imprint of ancient
i . makespottery- Potter- vases etc
creatures
j makeswoodenobjects- carpenter- tables/chairs
minerals - chemicalsubstancesformed naturallyin
the gr ound
etc
k. playsin an orchestra - musician- music
fortress - ancient castle
garrison - soldiersdefendingthe town they are sta- l. writespoetry- poet' poem/poetry
m. takesphotos- photographer - photographs
tioned in - -
discounted - offeredat a lower price
n. appearson the stage actor performance/play

Follow-upActivities:Part4 (p. 96)

pairsand T checks. Finallysome pairs report
I eticitsinformationfrom ss fo filt in the table.ss then, work in ctosed
to the c/ass.)

LOCATION EXHIBITS OTHEREVENTS

A HaverfordWest drawings,prints,sculPtures, talks. lectures,visits

crafts,photograPhY,children's
work
B Dre Fach Felindre craft workshops spinning,weavingand dYeing
demonstrations, in action,
machinery
followfactorytrails

c artlsciencedisplaYs,BronzeAge, evolutionof WalesjourneY

coins, early Christianmonuments,
fo s s i l s ,c e ra mi c,si l ver,coi ns,
mi n e ra l s

D lsca s o l d i e r' sw e a pons,R omanfi nds you can exploreold Romantheatre

E Cardiff'sdocklands shiPs,trains,
workrngmachinery, tour, chi l dren' s
mi ni -rai l w ay
othervehicles activitiesin holidaYPeriods

54
 ExamFocus:Unit4

(Suggestedanswer) Prepositions
A; Goodmorning.GrahamSutherland Gallery.CanI
helpyou? 't.
to 12. on 23. for
B.' Yes,please.Couldyou tellme wherethe gallery 2. in 13. in 24. to
is exactly? 3. into 14. in/between 25. on
A: Certainly.lt's fivemileseastof HaverfordWest. 4. from 15. into 26. to
B,' Thankyou.Whatexhibitsdo you have? 5. to 16. with 27. at
A; Well,youcanseeSutherland's drawingsandprints 6. oflto 17. in, with 28. from
and work of appliedart. 7. with 18. for 29. of
B; Lovely.ls thereanythingelse? L in 19. from 30. to
A,' You can seecontemporary paintingsand scutp- 9. in 20. on 31. on
ture,crafts,photography and children's
work. 10. with 21. for
B: Thankyou verymuch. 11. in(to) 22. for

. (Suggestedanswer)
MuseumE soundsinteresting - the machines
actually ExamFocus- Listening:Unit4 (p. 98)
workandtherailway
tourmustbefun.I wouldn'tfancy
::
MuseumB as I'm not reallyinterestedin wool.

ExamFocus- Useof English:Unit4 (p. 9Z) (Part 4 is a monologue or text involving interacting
speakers and lasting approximately 3 minutes.Ss /rsten
Part 2 noting down any answers they are sure abouf. Ihen Ss
listenagain checking the answersthey have written and
1. more 6. o u rs e l v e s 11. ta k e writing the answers to the remaining questions.)
2. about 7. matter 12. over 24. W 26. | 28. J 30. J
3. so 8. what 13. those 25. 1 27. W 29. J
4. how 9. course 14. because
5. on 10. were 15. mind Part 4
You wiII hear a radi o discussion b etween an i nterui ewer,
, . . 1 : , ,,: , , part3 .. ., ::, a family psychologist,(Wendy Fletcher)and Joanne
Clark (a mother). Answer questions 24-30, by writing t
(Part 3 consisfs of 10 discrete ifems with a tead-in (for lnterviewer), W (for Wendy Fletche) and J (for
sentence and a gapped response to complete using a Joanne Clark).
given word. Grammar and vocabulary are tested in this lnteruiewer Todaywe are discussingthe age at which
pad. Ss read the lead-in sentence and the given word women decide to start a family. And with us in the
and think how it can be used grammatically in the studiowe have a psychologistat the ElmhurstHealth
gapp ed response,then wr itetheir an swers,keep ing the Centre, and Joanne Ciark - mother of two young
meaning similartothatof the lead-in sentence.Ss haye children.Now Wendy - more and more women these
to keep in mindthatthey mustusetwotofivewords (the days are choosing to have their children later - and if
givenword counts)tofillinthe second sentence.Ss re- there is one thing likelyto generateheateddiscussion
read their final answers, checking for correct spelting it's a woman startinga family in her forties.
and grammaticalaccuracy.) Wendy: Well, where there is choice there is thought
1. . . . y o um i n di f l b o r r o w e d . . . and discussion.There was a stigma attachedto the
2. ... hardly/barelymake out ... older motherdue to healthrisks- but withthe advances
3. ... sooner had he leftthan ... in medical care there is no reason for this now.
4. ... is believedto have acted ... lnteruiewer; But the risks do increasewith age, don't
5. ... is out of wor k ... they?
6. ... in t he habitof ta k i n g ... Wendy: Yes - but medical science is well able to take
7. ... would have been allowedto ... care of that now, and to advise a mother beforehand.
8. ... advisedme to break ... lnteruiewer.' Does it matter how old a mother is? I
9. . . .t o b e d o n e u p . . ./ d o i n gu p . . . mean,some people seem to suggestthat older
10. ... needst o be c h a n g e d... women just haven't got what it takes to be a good
mother.
Wendy:We reallymust dispelthe ideathat if you follow
the rules in societyyou will be doing the right thing.
People will accept a new mother of eighteen more
easilythan one of forty-four,but there's no reasonfor
it. There are good and bad parentsthe world over.

55
ExamFocus:Unit4
Interuiewer.'Well,let's hear what Joanne Clark has to
say about that.
Joanne: Well, after nearlytwenty years of travelling
with my husbandwe decidedto settledown and
have a family.I was in my fortiesand I hearda lot of -
"Oh, you won't have the energyto go chasingyoung
ch ildr enar ound"a n d th i n g sl i k eth a t.We l l ,I w o u l dn' t
have had the energy when we were forevermoving.
But the peacefuland settledlifewe havemakesup for
whateverenergy I might have lost over the years.
lnteruiewer.'Now, being an older parent must bring
other rewards.
Joanne: Yes - peoplesaidthatwhen the childrenwere
twenty I would be the grand old age of sixty-odd,
But I think that the years have helped me - | don't get
nearlyso wound up about littleproblemsas I did
twenty years ago.
lnteruiewer;Are there any drawbacks?
Joanne: Well- | mustsaythatothermothers- at school
a nd s o on - don' ta l w a y si n c l u d eme i nth e i rc h a t,or ask
me to come along with them. I often haveto makethe
first move. And I don't alwaysfind things in common
withveryyoung mums.But it was stillthebestdecision
I've ever made.
lnteruiewer Well - thank you both very much for
talkingto us. lf you'd liketo give us your viewson the
subjec tpleas ewri tei n to .......... (fa d eo u t).
ExamFocus- Speaking:Unit4 (P.99)
Part 3
(Suggested answer)
SA; The firstthingthat I would put in the time capsule
wouldbe the computer,becausecomputersplay
a large role in society today and it would be
importantfor historiansof the futureto knowthis.
, n d th e s a m eg o e s fo rth e te l e vi si on.
SB : Y es ,I agr ee a
SA; The video recorder should be put in as well
becausepeopletoday spend as much time
watchingvideos as they do watchingTV.
SB; Another item that should be put in the time
capsuleis the cassetterecorder.
SA; Yes, music is definitelyan importantpart of our
livestoday,and so are books,so they should be
put in t oo.
SB; Yes. I'd put the fax, too. I think it would show
historiansof thefuturemoreclearlywhatour lives
are like today, and how advancedour techno-
logy is .
SA; Well,I don't think this is quite important.I would
also put some picturesof current affairs.
SB; That'sa very good idea,indeed.That'sthe best
way for them to see our life nowadays.
SA: How about some newspapers,as well? etc
56
Part4
(Suggested answers)
. Yes, I enjoy learning history because I like
SA.'
learning about my ancestors and how they
lived.
SB; Youcanalsoseehow peopleprogressedthrough
the years.
. SA.' The study of history is important because we
can learnfrom mistakesmade in the past so
that we don't make them again in the future.
SB; Yes,and knowingabout historicalevents helps
us to understand things that happen today.
. SA.' I think that people in the future will definitely
learnabout certainwars such as the GulfWar
as these have been the big events of the deg-
ade.
SB; Yes,and they will probablyalso learnaboutthe
problemswe are havingwith pollution- they
may even still be affectedbY them.
SA; Theymightalsolearngreatsportingevents,like
the Ol ympi csand the W orl d C uP .
SB; Yes,these eventscould stillbe taking place in
the future.
. SA.' I think that life500 yearsfrom now will be very
different.So much will have changedthat the
world will be a totallydifferentplace.
SB; I agree, but I think that there is a chance that
therewill havebeena nuclearwar,whichwould
leaveno survivors.In that case the earthwould
be a burnt-out,desertedPlanet.
ExamFocus- Writing:Unit4 (P. 100)
Essays
Argumentative
(Note:Ss areadvisedto buy a dictionaryof quotations,
e.g. The MacMillan Dictionary of Contemporary
Quotationsby Jonathon Green).
(Suggested answers)
(T deals with picturesas explained in the first unit.)
Picture A - Reasons
Yes I agree: both old and young learnto liveto-
gether,share,compromise;young peoplecan benefit
from the advice of the older family members;young
peoplecan helpthe elderlyby doing choresfor them;
companionshipand supportfor both old and young,
etc
No, I don't agree: conditionof old age can burdenthe
young;the young areinexperienced in dealingwithold
people'sailments;mutual invasionof privacy;older
peoplewantpeaceand quiet,whileyoung peoplewant
an active life, etc
 Exam Focus: Unit 4

Picture B:
Arguments for: working mothersprovidethe familywith additionalincome;work gives mothersa feelingof
i n d e pendenc e
and s e l f-c o n fi d e n c th
e ; e i rc h i l d re nl earnto be more i ndependent
Arguments against: working mothers become over-burdenedwith too many responsibilities; they only see their
childrenfor a few hours each day; they must pay for expensivechildcare;childrennot properlyraised

Picture C: keep public aware smallereventsare not

newspaperscan be used
in the classroomas they
providecurrentinformation
of eventsall over publicisedbecausemight
the world not be seen as newsworthy
keep the publ i c
informedabout changing
s o c i a l v i e w poi nt economictrends

economicviewpoint
the informationin newspapers the role of mis-reporlingan event or overemphasising
is not alwaysreliableor the free press insignificantdetailscan have negative
correct effectson business

political viewpoint

revealsthe truth about articlesmight not be objective

politicians'intentions becausethe newspaperfavours
a certain politicalparty

1 . Mo del A
u s e o f l i n k i n gw o rd s

use of Competitionhaslong beenthe ng forcebehindimprovementsin areassuchas world

quotation
much can be said againstthe desireto come
first.As BernardHunt. s h j o u rnal i st "Winningis a drug. Once you have
experiencedit, you cannot do without it."
givesexamples
to support Denan-Oparlvantageof competition
is that it can encouragedishonesty.
statements the largenumbersof athleteswho are disqualifiedfrom eventsevery
year for havingtaken harmfuldrugs to improvetheir performance.Politicianshave also
been known to be untruthfulwhen they want to win an electionso much that they will lie
to get votes. In industry,the competitionto produce more goods at cheaperpricesis so
givesthe other greatthat it can leadcompaniesto open factoriesin poor countrieswherethey can exploit
side of the employeesby makingthem work long hoursfor low wages.
argument
eans that athleteshave to make the greatest
effortthey can, which is an excitingthing to watch.Becauseof competitionin the political
arena,politiciansare encouragedto makevisibleimprovementsto the countryin an effort use of
sequenc r ng
to gainvoters'support,whichin the end benefitseveryone. €Iallylompetition in words
inOustlyf,nGi)lead to lower prices,which is undoubtedlybeneficialfor consumers.
consumers
uSeSgenera|-Toconc|ude,competitionha|thoughitcanresu|tin
isations dishonestyand exploitation,its benefitsoutweighit\rawbacks and has a positiveeffect
on many aspectsof our lives.Moreover, the com spiritis alwayswith us, and is
difficultto control,howeverhard one tries.
givesa balancedconsideration
of the topic in the conclusion

Model A is good becauseit is writtenin a formal styleand is well-organisedinto paragraphs.Each paragraph

developsone specificaspectof the topic. The use of a quotationin the first paragraphis effective.The concluding
paragraphsums up the issueeffectively. The vocabularyused is not overlysimple and linkingwords are used
appropriately.
Linking words: however,on the other hand, becauseof, finally,to conclude, etc

57
ExamFocus:Unit4

Model B
y, toovague
waYs?
use of
short forms ompetitionis good. In some ways competitionis bad.
\ \ t Agood *l''en it makesthingsbetter,suchas business and sports.
,
useof whenit hurtsPeoPle'
\$ibad strong
strong Competition is bad if it makespeoplenottellthe truth,e.g.politicianr
:
Dersonal * .-...--------:------:
expression,@thatdon,tte||theu,,nfee|ings
to make them run faster.etc.
overgeneralisation
as thrown off the track team at schoolfor taking such drugs.

The whole world knows that this is bad for their bodies.Factoriestry to compete
grves
pay lousywages to poor people in poor countries.
personal too much when they
examples Competitionis good because athleteswant to get better at spotts
and politicianstry to make their countriesbetterand factoryproducts
blind reference
get cheaper. to statistics
,/
,.__________._
,@ompetition has its good and its bad side
"nc @,i.)-
prove that competitionis beneficialand harmful.
inappropriate
veryinformallanguage,
for argumentative
essays

ModelB is bad becauseit includesobviouspersonalemotion(eg."l hatethem!")whichis inappropriate

style.Use
ofslanglanguage ("lousy")
shouldbeavoided. ("thewholeworldknows")
Overgeneralisations arenotrecommended.
Thestyleistoo personal
("Someone "Soyousee").Paragraph
I know...", of onelongsentence
3 consists whichlacks
properpunctuation.Theparagraphs areshortandarenotfullydeveloped.Quotations,linkingwords,andsequencing
wordshavenot beenused.
Paragraphplan
Introduction:statetopic
paragraph2: arguments against("winning is a drug.Onceyou haveexperienced it, you cannotdo withoutit.";
competitionencourages dishonesty - athletes/drugs,politician/lie, of the poor).
industry/exploitation
paragraph3: arguments for (competition
is the drivingforcebehindimprovements likeworldtradeand sports
performances; athletesmustriseto a challenge, makethe greatestefforttheycan;politicians tryto improvecountry
to gainvotes;competition in industryleadsto lowerpricesfor consumers)
Conclusion:balancedconsideration of opinionwithoutuseof personal wordsor expressions

2. 1 . d 2.c 3.a 4.b 3. Fireand police departments;vitalto society

4. Rubbish- where should we put it?
a
Techniques for first paragraphs:
1. s t at ean opini o n
3. 1 . c 2.e 3.b 4.t 5.d 6.a
2. addressthe readerdirectly 4. Paragraph plan
3. referto a strange situation Introduction:statetopic
4. startwith a problemthat needs a solution paragraph 2: arguments for (children learn to be
Techniques for last paragraphs: independent from early age; woman provides extra
wage; woman has a personalsenseof her own identity
a. statea personalopinionand give the reader
and self confidence)
somethingto consider
paragraph 3: argumentsagainst(childcareis expen-
b. give the readersomethingto consider
sive;womandoesn'tspendenoughtimewithchildren;
c. end with a quotation
many responsibilitiesresultin the woman being over-
d. summarisethe composition
tired;mothermay miss importantstagesin child'slife)
1 . ex pr es s ingop i n i o n s 3 . e x p re s s i n o
g p ini ons Conclusion: balancedconsiderationof the topic
2. advantages/disadvantages 4. providingsolutions (T should point outto sfudents the factthatthe conclu-
(Suggested titles) sionin thismodel includes a balanced consideration.ln
other words, if sums up both points of view without
1 . Dis c iplineis t a u g h ta t h o m e
taking either side.)
2. Technology moves forward

58
 ExamFocus:Unit4

Linking words Equivalentreplacements On the other hand,tourismcan createmany prob-

lems.Increaseddemandson watersuppliesand higher
One point in favour An argumentfor levels of waste production can cause environmental
Al so In addition problems;water shortagesmay occur along with the
Thus Therefore problem of how to dispose of excesswaste. One can
Moreover Furthermore also argue that tourism createsnoise pollutionfrom
On the other hand However night clubs and discos and trafficjams from the in-
Therefore Thus creaseof vehiclesin the area.
What is more Moreover ln conclusion,it seemsthat tourismhas significant
Fi nally Lastly benefits as well as aspects which have negative ef-
To sum up ln conclusion fects.Takingeverythinginto account,carefulplanning
Taking everythinginto A l l th i n g sc o n s i d e red by local authoritiesmay help to decreasethe negative
account aspectsof tourism.

5 . (T elicits points/rom Ss and writes them on board. Use
suggesfions below for hints).
Arguments for: benefit to the local economy; pro-
motesdevelopment;more employmentopportunities
Arguments against: can cause environmental
p ro b lem s ;nois e;po l l u ti o n
Sample sentences using "useful phrases"
- In the first place, tourismbenefitsthe local
economy.
- Not to mention the fact that tourism promotes
development.
- Furthermore,moreemploymentopportunitiesare
created.
- However,tourismcan cause environmental
problems.
- One can also argue that tourismcreatesnoise
pollutionand trafficjams.
- In conclusion, tourism has many benefitsbut it
has some negativeaspectsas well.
- Taking everything into account, carefulplanning
may help the situation.
Paragraph plan
Introduction:statetopic
paragraph 2: argumentsfor
paragraph 3: argumentsagainst
Conclusion: balancedconsiderationof the topic -
you can expressyour opinion
(Suggested answer)
Whiletourismhas many benefitsto localeconomy,
it also has some negativeeffects. Has it everoccurred
to you that tourism can completelydestroy a once
tranquilplace?
One argumentin favourof tourism is the fact that
visitorsspend a significantamount of money. This
greatlybenefitsthe localeconomy,not to mentionthe
fact that tourism promotesdevelopment.Roads are
reconstructed;new hotels,shops and restaurantsare
built to accommodatetourists.Therefore,more em-
ploymentopportunitiesare madeavailableto the local
p e ople.
6. Linking words to be circled: as, in the firstplace,what
is more,anothermajorreason,in otherwords,further-
more, however,also, but rather,in conclusion, etc
Reasons to be underlined: unhealthy product is
being promoted; tobacco is a major cause of lung
cancer and is sometimesresponsiblefor heart dis-
ease;when in the presenceof smokers,non-smokers
must breathein second-handsmoke; advertsshow
young, beautiful,successfulpeoplesmokingand hav-
ing fun;teenagersbecomeattractedto this glamorous
representation of smokingwhich leadsto them taking
up the habit;averageteenagerdoes not considerthe
harmful effectsof smoking or that it is addictive.
7. 1. T
2. F (Thewritergives both sides of the argument).
3. F (The writer is against cigaretteadvertising- he
restateshis opinion using differentwords.)
4. F (The writer agrees with banning cigarette
advertising:"A numberof peoplebelievethat it
i s i mmoral andshoul dbe banned.l supportthis
view for a varietyof reasons.")
5. F (Thewritergivesthe otherside of the argument
- other people'sopinion,in the fourth para-
graph.)
6.7
8. Paragraph Plan
Introduction:statetopic and opinion
Paragraph 2: give one side of the argumentand
reason
Paragraph 3: give the other side of the argument
and reasons
Concl usion : restateyour opinion using d ifferentwords
"Children Choosing their Own Toys"
Parentswho want their childrento learn how to
make responsiblechoices,sometimesallow them to
choosetheir own toys. ls it wise to give this option to
young chi l dren?
Those who think it is a good idea, suggestthat it
makes children feel happy, more responsibleand
grown-up to choose their own playthings.Further-
more,theyarguethatyoungstersenjoytheirtoysmore
when they have selectedthem themselves.Although
some parentsthinkthe besttoy is the most expensive

59
ExamFocus:Unit4
o ne, m any c hildr e ne n j o y s i mp l e ,e v e n h o m e -m ade,
toys.
On the other hand, the influenceof televisioncan
lead childrento make poor choices in the toys they
request.A toy may be desiredonly becausea friendof
the childhas it-notto mentionthat some toys askedfor
may be dangerousor unsuitablefor a child under a
certainage. Thus, a parent'sguidanceis necessary.
All in all, the idea of lettingsmall childrenchoose
their own toys and games does not seem advisable.
Only when a child reachesa certainage can he/she
correctlyjudge whethera toy is suitableor not.
9. . encouragepeopleto take more exercise--+empha-
sising the health benefits;not taking exerciseat all
is risky
. doctors can play an effectiverole -+ persuade
people to change habitsand exercise
. sports centrescould open earlier,close later,and
offer weekend activities-+ people would be able to
make better use of sporfs facilities
. companiesshould sponsorsportsteams and hold
regularsportsevents-+ employeeswillnot consider
exercisea chore but a way of making the most of
their leisure time
Paragraph Plan
Introduction:statethe Problem
Paragraph 2: suggestion1 and reason
Paragraph 3: suggestion2 and reason
Paragraph 4: suggestion3 and reason
Fi nal par agr aph :s u mma ri s eo p i n i o n
10. 1. F (Thewriterstatesthe problem in the intro-
duc t ion. )
2. F (Onlythe second,the third and the fourth
par agr ap h si n c l u d ea s u g g e s ti o n .)
3.7
4.7
5 . F ( T hewr ite rs u mma ri s e sh i s /h e ro p i n i o n.)
6 . T ( eg.A noth e rs u g g e s ti o nA, l l th i n g sc o n -
s ider ed.e tc .)
DISCUSSIONCLOCK ANALYSIS
Note; Specialemphasisshould be given to the Dis-
cussion Clock on p.l06 in fhe Ss' book. This clock
helpsSs organise their thoughts when considering a
discursive essay and come up with a well-written
composition.Tcan demonstrateitsfunctionby analys-
ing the following question: The Role of the Free
Press.
D is c us s :T help s Ss a n a l y s eth e s u b j e c tu s i n gthe
discussionclock and/orgivesthem ideasto demon-
strate how the clock works
Personal:entertaining,informative, amusing- intru-
sion on celebrities'privatelives
Religious:informativeof variousreligionsroundthe
world - prejudicedapproach towards various reli-
gions
60
Scientific:informativeof researchand new develop-
ments that can benefitsociety - can make morally
questionableadvancesseem immediatelyaccept-
abl e
Historical:helps peopleput currenteventsintotheir
historicalperspective- too much emphasison the
past can distort coverage of current news stories
Moral: lets people know what is now acceptableto
publish,ie,what levelof crude language,explicitsex,
etc - can offend many PeoPle
of the pol i ti cal i ssues
P ol i ti cal :i nformati ve of the day,
and the policiesof the variousparties- coveragecan
be one-si ded
Artistic: informativeof modern movements in art,
new artists' work - can ignore certain innovative
artistsif not "mainstream"enough
Economic: informativeof markettrends and devel-
opments;hel ps i nvestorsmake deci si ons- i ncom -
pletecoveragecan leadto missedinvestmentoppor-
tuni ti es
Educational: informativefor studentswho want to
learnabout world events,politics- informationmay
be incorrectof biased in favourof a certainpolitical
i deol ogy
S oci al :i nformspeopl eregardi ngupcomi ngcul tur al
events,sportsmatches,shows,films,protests,festi-
vals - smallereventsare often not publicisedin the
paper,as they're not seen as "newsworthy"
Geographical:letspeopleknow about occurrences
all around the world - importantforeign eventsare
often ignored,as space is limitedin newspaper
11. aspects i ncl uded
- personal: entertaining,informative,amusing,we
forget our problems
opposite viewpoint: intrusionon the privacyof
celebrities
- political: revealsthe truth behind speechesand
accusations
opposite viewpoint: most newspapersfavoura
particularpoliticalparty - articlesnot objective
- educational:sourceof up-to-dateinformation;
in-deptharticles;local and internationalevents
opposite viewpoint: not alwayscorrectinforma-
tion facts often falsely reported not always appro-
priatelearningmaterialfor students
For other aspects see the above analysisof the
di scussi oncl ock
12. Sample essay on Capital Punishment
Paragraph Plan
Introduction:statetoPic
paragraph 2: one point of view (moral)
paragraph 3: anotherpoint of view (economic)
paragraph 4: a third point of view (social)
C oncl usi on: gi veyour ow n opi ni onbasedon th e
points alreadymentioned

(Suggested answer)
Capit alpunis h m e nits a h i g h l yd e b a ta b l es u b j ect
which alwayscauses great discussion.Indeed,the
United States of America shows the most marked
sp l itin publicopin i o no v e rth e d e a thp e n a l ty So
states still uphold it while in others it has been
a b olis hed.
On moral grounds it would appear that capital
punishmentis not right,as no one should be able to
make the ultimatedecisionwhethersomebodylives
or dies (the Ten Commandmentsstate ,'Thoushalt
not kill").However,some peoplearguethatif a person
takes another'slife,he loses his own rightto live.
Froma psychologicalpointof view,it is difficultto
predicthow the citizenswill reactto the existenceof
ca pit alpunis hm en t.O n th e o n e h a n d ,p e o p l em i g ht
be impressedwith the state'sstrong stand against
vi o l entc r im inalsT. h e y c o u l d ,h o w e v e r,c o m e to
th i n kt hat" lif eis c he a p "i f th e s ta tei s k i l l i n gp ri s o n e rs.
Socially,authoritieshopedthat the deathpenalty
would work as a deterrentto potentialcriminals.But
in countrieswherethe deathpenaltyis stillin use,the
murder rate has not decreased.Indeed,figures in
Americashow that crime rateshaveactuallyrisenin
stateswhere capitalpunishmentis in effect.
The deathpenaltyis a subjectwhich continuesto
be discussedat great length.All things considered,
I believe that the executionof particularlyhorrific
murderersis preferableto keeping them in prison.
However,no case rs as simpleas that,and therewill
always be reasonswhy that person shouldn'thave
been put to death.
13. Model
"Chargeit!" is a cry now heard all over the coun-
tries of the industrialisedworld. The use of credit
cards has become widespread,but along with the
conveniencecomes some risk.
Firstof all,the advantagesof usingcreditcards
are considerable.Reducingthe amountof cash one
needs to carry also reducesthe chance of losing a
lot of moneyin caseof theft.Furthermore,purchases
can be made even though the cardholdermay be
temporarilyshort of cash. Also importantis the fact
that with creditcards,shoppingby telephoneis now
possible.Customerscan order productsor services
without leaving their homes.
However, credit cards can be misused. For
example,peopleoftenspend more than they ought
to; it is sucha temptationto over-useyour creditcard!
Moreover,the credit card company gives the cus-
to mert he opt ionof m a k i n ga " mi n i mu mp a y me n t'o, n
u n paid m ont hly bi l l s . T h i s i s a m a j o r d ra w b a ck
because it encouragesusers to pay off their bills
slowly.lt does not take long for people to sink into
debt if they use their credit cards unwisely.
In conclusion,the credit card is an impoftant,
practicaltool in the trend towardsa "cashlesssoci-
ety",but peoplemust be awareof the dangersposed
by the use of this method of payment.
Exam Focus: Unit 4
Paragraph Plan
Introduction:statetopic
paragraph 2: advantages
paragraph 3: disadvantages
. me Final paragraph: balancedconsideration
Advantages:reducechanceof losingmoneydue to
theft;purchasescan be made even if one is short of
cash;shoppi ngby tel ephonei s now possi bl e
Disadvantages:people often spend more money
thantheyoughtto;creditcard companiesencourage
usersto pay off bills slowly,causingpeopleto sink
into debt
14. 1. T
2.7
3. F (l ncl udi nga quotati oni s one techni queyou
can use to grab the reader'sattentionand
make him/herwant to continuereading.)
4. F (Do not includestrong personalwords (eg I
believe)or shortforms. Use words such as:
it seems that, it can be seen that, etc.)
5. T
6 . F (Always supportyoursuggestions with
reasons.)
7. T
B . F (Youcangiveyouropinionaswell,butwithout
usingpersonal
wordsor expressions.)
9 . F (Argumentative
compositions
shouldbe writ-
ten in a formalstyle.)
10. T
15. 1. E xpressi ngopi ni on
Paragraph Plan
Introduction:statetopic and your opinionclearly
withoutusing too many personalopinionwords
(youngpeople lack knowledge;the elderly lack
the physical ability to take advantage of their
wisdom)
Paragraph 2: give the first argumentand exam-
ples or reasonto supportyour opinion
(difficult for old people to take care of them-
se/yes - living with the young makes their life
easief
Paragraph 3: give the second argumentand
examplesor reasonsto supportyour opinion
(living with the young provides companionship;
the young can benefit eg experience,advice)
Paragraph4: givethe otherside of the argument
and reason
(invasion of privacy; the young are inexperi-
enced in dealingwith the old; the old need peace
and quiet;the young need to have an active life)
Conclusion: restateopinion
(old and young should live together under the
same roof)
61
ExamFocus:Unit4
(Suggested answer)
A French saying from the Middle Ages goes "lf
youth knew; if age could,"which accuratelysums up
the main differencebetweenyoung and old people.In
otherwords,young peoplelack knowledge,whilethe
advantageof the
elderlylackthephysicalabilitytotake
wisdom that they have acquiredover the years'
A good idea is to haveyoung people livetogether
with old peoplewhile they grow up. As many old
people are not very mobile, they often have difficulty
taking care of themselvesand are challengedby
simple,everydaytaskslikeshoppingand cleaningthe
house. Livingwith younger membersof their family
would mean that they wouldn't have to worry about
these things.
No les s im po rta n ti s th e c o mp a n i o n s h i pw hi ch
livingwith otherswould provide,particularlyas this is
somethingthat the elderlyoftenlack.Similarly,young
people can benefitfrom livingwith the aged: old
peoplehave a lifetimeof experience,and their advice
will undoubtedlybe of helpto youngermembersof the
fa m ily .
However,some people argue that apart from the
obvious invasionof privacywhich both sides would
experience,the young are inexperiencedin dealing
wit h old people ' s a i l me n ts .Al s o , o l d p e o p l e n eed
peaceand quiet,whiletheyoung prefertolivean active
l i f e.
Althoughit is truethatyoung and old peopledo not
see eye{o-eye on many issues,I feel that the idea of
young and old f a mi l yme mb e rsl i v i n gto g e th e ri n the
sam e hous e c an o n l y b e g o o d . In m y v i e w , i t i s an
effectiveway of promotinggreaterunderstandingbe-
tween older and youngergenerations,enablingthem
to share an experiencethat will undoubtedlybring
them closertogether.
2. ExpressingoPinions
Paragraph Plan
lntroduction: stateoPinion
(life in the future will be bette)
Paragraph 2: argument 1 and reason
(life will continue to be easy due to rapid techno-
logical advancement)
Paragraph 3: argument2 and reason
. (humansare becoming aware of the damage
caused to the environment- already dealing with
problems)
Conclusion: restateoPinion
(tifein futurecan become better,but our actions will
affect future generations)
(Suggested answer)
As we advancetowardsthe 21st century,I tend to
believethat life in the futurewill undoubtedlybecome
betterfor a number of reasons.
The main reasonwhy I believethis, is the fact that
rapid technologicaladvancementsover the past few
decades have made life a lot easier,and there is no
reasonto believethat they will not continueto do so.
For example,gadgetsand appliancessuch as
62
washingmachines,remotecontrols,microwavesand
mobilephoneshavemade our livesa lot moreconven-
ient,so there is no reasonto doubt the fact that lifewill
become increasinglyeasy as time goes on and more
labour-savingdevicesare invented.
Anotherfactorthatwill leadto lifebeingbetterin the
future,is the fact that humansare becomingincreas-
ingly aware of the damage they have caused to the
environment.In fact they are already dealing with
probl emssuchas pol l uti on,damagetotheozonel ayer
and endangeredspecies.lf this attitudecontinues,it is
very likelythat in the futurethe world will be a much
placeto livein.
cleaner,more environmentally-friendly
All things considered,despitethe many negative
aspectsof life in today's world, I feel that life in the
futurecan only get better,as long as we remember
that what we do today, will not only affectus, but future
generationsas well.
3. Advantages and disadvantages
Introduction:statetoPic
(the consumption of fast food has risen dramati-
cally)
Paragraph 2: argumentsfor
(convenient; fast;leaves people plenty of time;
quick and efficient service in fast food restaurants)
Paragraph 3: argumentsagainst
(not healthy; expensivecompared to home
cooking; discouragespeople from eating with
family and friends)
Conclusion: Give a balancedconsiderationor your
opi ni onw i thoutusi ngpersonalw ords or
expressions
(convenient,short-termsolution - should not
replace traditional ways of eating)
(Suggested answer)
The paceof lifein today'sfast-movingworld is such
that many people no longer have time to do basic
householdchores,let alonecook. Forthis reason,the
consumptionof fastfood has risendramatically- but
is this a good thing or not?
The main argumentin favourof fast food is the fact
that it is convenient,leavingpeoplewith more time to
concentrateon more importantthings.Servicein fast
food restaurantsis quick and efficient,and one is able
to eat one's meal with a minimumof fuss.
On the other hand, fast food is not particularly
healthy,especiallywhen eatenregularly,and can also
be ratherexpensivecompared to cooking at home.
Also,many peopleare of the opinionthatfastfood has
contributedto a breakdownin societybecauseof the
factthat it discouragespeoplefrom sittingdown to eat
a home-cookedmeal with familyand friends,and
from enjoyingthe conversationthat goes with it'
To sum up, although fast food is a convenient,
short-termsolutionto the problemsof a high-pressure
lifestyle,it should not be allowedto replacehealthier,
more traditionalwaYsof eating.

4. Discursive essay
Paragraph Plan
Introduction:set the topic
(society recently began to condemn the killing of
animals)
Paragraph 2: one point of view - (trade)
(pharmaceuticals,ivory)
Paragraph 3: anotherpoint of view - (food)
(pro-vegetarians'and co n noisseurs'view)
Conclusion: give your own opinion
(killing of animals justifiable as long as whole
animalis used and killed in a humane way)
(Suggested answer)
To what extent is it morally acceptable to kill
animalsfor the purposes of trade and food? Some
animal lovers insistthat it is never acceptable,while
many connoisseurscan't imaginelifewithoutsteak.
Advancesin the pharmaceuticals trade requirethe
experimentation on, and the deathof, counilessmon-
keys and rats.Since new drugs help maintainhuman
health,this seems justifiable.But a cosmeticscom-
panykillinga rabbitaftersmearingmascaraon itseyes
is clearly indefensible,as is killing an elephant,an
endangeredspecies,to use itstusksfor ivoryjewellery.
The use of animalsfor food is ethicallypermissible,
providedthat the animal is well taken care of while
alive, is killed painlesslyand is not an endangered
species.The wholeanimalshouldalso be used -- e.g.
cow hidesmade into leatherclothes,bags and shoes.
Still, a pro-vegetarianecological argument can be
madeagainstkillinganimalsfor meataltogether:for an
animaltoproduceone poundof meat,it musteat many
poundsof grain.Despitethis,some peoplestillbelieve
that life without barbecued sausages is not worth
l i vi n g.
ln conclusion,there is a fine line betweenaccept-
able and objectionableuses of animals. Although
animalrightsenthusiasts willalwaysbe againsttheuse
of animalsfor tradeand food, in my opinionthe use of
non-endangeredspeciesof animalsis acceptableas
long as the whole animalis used and that it is killedin
a humaneway.
5. Providing solutions to a problem
Paragraph Plan
Introduction:statethe problem
(forest fires spread quickly)
Paragraph 2: suggestion1 and reason
(separateforests into smallsecfions - prevent fire
from spreading)
Paragraph 3: suggestion2 and reason
(ensure there is quick and easyaccess to forest
areas - easilyput out the fire)
Paragraph 4: suggestion3 and reason
(harsherpunishment - would prevent potential
arsonr'sts)
Conclusion: summariseopinion/finalsuggestionand
reason
(the problem can be solved if all the suggestions
mentioned are put into effect)
ExamFocus;Unit4
(Suggested answer)
The problem of forestfires is one that many coun-
trieshaveto dealwithinthe summermonths,and every
yearthousandsof acresof woodlandand forestarelost
to it. The natureof forestfires is such that they spread
incrediblyquickly, often leavingfire-fighterswith litile
or no chance of bringingthem under control.
One solutionto this problemis to separateforests
into smallsectionsdividedby earthditcheswhich will
preventfire from spreadingshould it break out in a
section of a forest.
Anotherimportantmeasurethat shouldbe takenis
to ensurethatfire-fighters havequickand easyaccess
to all areasof a forest,becauseif a fire is detectedin its
earlystages,it is oftenpossibleto put it out beforeit has
the chanceto cause too much damage.
Finally, the fact that many fires are deliberately
startedcannot be overlooked,and for this reasonthe
crime of arson should be more severelypunishedin
order to discouragepotentialarsonists.
To sum up, there are a number of ways to prevent
forestfires,but only if they are all put into effectwill the
problem be effectivelydealt with.
6. Advantages/disadvantages
Paragraph Plan
Introduction : state topic
(there are advantagesand disadvantagesto
camping holidays)
Paragraph 2: advantages
(cheap holidays; can stay wherever you like;
escape from stress; exciting experience)
Paragraph 3: disadvantages
(lack of amenities; involves extra work; get tired)
Conclusion: give a balancedconsiderationor your
opinionwithoutusing personalwords or expressions
(enjoyable experience as long as you are prepared
to go and suifs your personality)
(Suggested answer)
Camping is, by and large,a pastimethat people
either love or hate, depending on their personality.
Those who are in favour of it, are quick to point out its
many advantages,while those to whom it does not
appealto,oftenfailto see anythingpositiveabout it at
all.
The advantagesof camping holidaysare mainly
financial,since they are considerablycheaper than
stayingin a hotel.Theyalsoprovidea lot morefreedom
of choice in terms of where you stay,since a tent can
be pitchedalmostanywhere.Formanypeople,though,
the main reasonfor going on a campingholidayis the
escapeit offersfrom the stressof everydaylife;afterall,
the chanceto sleep in the open air, underthe starsis
not one that we often get.
However,there are also disadvantagesassociated
with camping holidays,the main one being a lack of
amenitiessuch as runningwater,which can make life
very inconvenient.Another disadvantageis the fact
that this lack of amenities,which we usuallytake for
63
Exam Focus: Unit 4
granted, can make a camping holiday very tiring
becauseof the extrawork involved,meaningthat it is
possibleto returnfrom a camping holidaymore tired
than when you left.
Takingeverythingintoaccount,campingcan be an
enjoyableexperienceas long as one is preparedto go
without a few luxuries for a shorl period of time'
Pr obably t hem ainre q u i re me n tfoarn e n j o y a b l ec amp-
ing holiday,however,is that it suits your personality'
7 . Advantages/disadvantages
Paragraph Plan
Introduction:statetoPic
(computers play an impoftant role in our lives; we
use them even for entertainment)
Paragraph 2: argumentsfor
(help the child sharpen hislher responses;
combine education and entertainment)
Paragraph 3: argumentsagainst
(unhealthyto stareat a screen for hours; children
havebecome /essactive;computersare expensive;
parentshave financialproblems and feel pressured
to buy a comPuter)
Conclusion: give a balancedconsiderationor your
opinionwithoutusing personalwords or expressions
(computers should not play such an important role
in people's /ives)
(Suggested answer)
Computerstoday play a more importantrole in our
livesthan ever before.We use them not only at work,
but at home as a way of relaxing,and many children
now need nothingmorethan a computergame in front
of them to keep them entertainedfor hours.But is this
necessarilya good thing?
A point in favourof computergamesfor childrenis
the factthattheycan oftenhelpthe childto sharpenhis
or her responses,sincethey requireplayersto act and
. u rth e rm o reth, e rea rema n yc o mpu-
re s pondquic k ly F
ter games availablethat combineboth educationand
entertainment.For example,computer word games
enablea childto expandhis knowledge,oftenwithout
realisingthat he is doing so.
On the otherhand,staringat a computerscreenfor
h our son end s e e msto b e u n h e a l th yfo r a c h i l d ,and
computergames have ceftainlyplayeda part in chil-
dren today becominglessactive.Added to this, is the
fact that computersare expensive- this can lead to
financialproblemsfor parentswho feel pressuredto
buy one even though they cannot affordit'
In conclusion,althoughcomputersand computer
games can have a beneficialeffect on children, it
seemsthat they shouldnot be allowedto playsuch an
importantrole in their livesto the exclusionof every-
thing els e.
64
8. Providing solutions to a problem
P aragraphP l an
Introduction:statethe Problem
(risingcrime rafes - cities become unsafe places)
Paragraph 2: suggestion1 and reason
(increasepolice patrolsin notorious p/aces -
defers offenders, cost effectivemethod)
Paragraph 3: suggestion2 and reason
(emptoyPeoPle - no need to steal)
C oncl usi on:summari seopi ni onor gi vebestsugges-
tion and reason
(deat with unemptoyment-- the best way to deal
with the problem because unemploymentcauses
it)
(Suggested answer)
Risingcrime rates in towns and citieshave led to
many of them becoming extremelyunsafe placesto
live in, and it is obviousthat somethingmust be done
to tacklethis Problem.
One possiblesolutionis to increasepolicepatrols
in areas notoriousfor petty crime. The presenceof a
police officer is undoubtedlya deterrentto anyone
consideringsnatchinga purse or stealingsomething
from a shop and is probably one of the most cost-
effectivemethods of reducing petty crime.
Anotherway of tacklingthe problemof pettycrime
isto focuson someof the reasonswhy it occurs'lf more
jobs were availablethen a number of petty criminals
would not need to stealin order to make ends meet.
To sum up, eventhoughshortterm solutionsto the
problem of petty crime can be effective,the only way
to completely rid society of it, is to deal with the
underlyingcauses.Forexample,unemploymentcould
lead to petty crime. lf the unemploymentproblem is
solved,the problem of petty crime will be solved as
well.
(Tis advisedto photocopy the following pagesof linking
words and phrasesfo hand out to Ss as a reference-)
To express PersonaloPinion
. In my opinion, lifein the countryis much healthier
than in the citY.
. In my view, life in the countryis much healthier
than i n the ci tY .
. To my mind, life in the countryis much healthier
than in the citY.
. To my way of thinking, life in the countryis much
healthierthan in the citY.
. PersonallyI believethat lifein the countryis much
healthierthan in the citY.
. lt strikes me that life in the countryis much
healthierthan in the citY'
. I feel very strongly that life in the country is
much healthierthan in the citY.
. I am inclined to believe that life in the countryis
much healthierthan in the citY'
 Exam Focus: Unit 4

. lt seems to me that life in the countryis much To express cause

healthierthan in the city. . Because of the fact that the employeeswork
. As far as I am concerned, life in the countryis
extremelyhard, I believethat they deservea pay
much healthierthan in the city.
ri se.
. Owing to the fact that the employeeswork ex-
To list advantages and disadvantages
tremely hard, I believethat they deservea pay
. One disadvantageof being famous is the lack of rise.
privacy. . Due to the fact that the employeeswork extremely
. Another disadvantageof beingfamousis the lack hard, I believethat they deservea pay rise.
of privacy. . The employeeswork extremelyhard. For this
. One other disadvantageof being famous is the reason, I believethat they deservea pay rise.
lack of privacy.
. Afurtherdisadvantageof beingfamousisthe lack To express effect
of privacy. . Hotelrestaurantsareexpensive;therefore,
. The main disadvantageof being famous is the people
generallyavoid them.
lack of privacy. . Hotel restaurantsare expensive;thus, people
. The greatestdisadvantageof beingfamousis the
generallyavoid them.
lack of privacy. . Hotel restaurantsare expensive.As a result,
people generallyavoid them.
To list points . Hotel restaurantsare expensive.Consequenily,
. Firstly, many childrendo not receiveproper people generallyavoid them.
sc hooling. . Hotel restaurantsare expensive,so, people
. First of all, many childrendo not receiveproper generallyavoid them.
s c hooling. . Hotelrestaurantsareexpensive.As a consequence,
. In the first place, many childrendo not receive people generallyavoidthem.
properschooling.
. Secondly, many childrendo not receiveproper To emphasise what you say
sc hooling. . Clearly, an increasein touristswould mean more
. Thirdly, many childrendo not receiveproper
money for the community.
sc hooling. . Obviously, an increasein tourists would mean
. Finally, many childrendo not receiveproper
more money for the community.
sc hooling. . Of course, an increasein touristswould mean
. To start with, many childrendo not receiveproper
more money for the community.
sc hooling. . Needless to say, an increasein touristswould
mean more money for the community.
To add more points on a topic . In particular,an increasein touristswould mean
. What is more, parentsshould disciplinetheir more money for the community.
childr en.
. Furthermore,parentsshould disciplinetheir To express reality
ch ildr en. . In fact, many peopledo nottakeany dailyexercise
. Apart from this, parentsshould disciplinetheir whatsoever.
ch ildr en. . As a matter of fact, many people do not take any
. fn addition, parentsshould disciplinetheir daily exercisewhatsoever.
childr en. . The fact of the matter is that many people do not
. M or eov er ,par en tss h o u l dd i s c i p l i n e th e i rc h i l d r en. take any daily exercisewhatsoever.
. Besides, parentsshould disciplinetheir children. . Actually, many peopledo not take any daily
. exer-
Par ent ss houlddi s c i p l i n eth e i rc h i l d re n to, o. cise whatsoever.
. Not to mention the fact that parentsshoulddisci- . In practice, many people do not take any
daily
p l inet heir c hildr e n . exercisewhatsoever.
. Pa r ent ss houldal s o d i s c i p l i n eth e i rc h i l d re n .
To express difference between appearance
To refer to other sources and reality
. With reference to the recentnewspaperarticle, . At first sight, fast food looks good but it is
air actually
travelis becomingmore dangerous. extremelyunhealthy.
. According to the recentnewspaperarticle, . Apparently, fast food looks good but it is actually
air
travelis becomingmore dangerous. extremelyunhealthy.

65
ExamFocus:Unit4
. On the face of it, fast food looks good but it is
actuallyextremelyunhealthY.
To bring up other points or asPects
. As far as the government is concerned, they
passeda law dealingwith this issuelast month.
. Regarding the government,they passed a law
dealingwith this issuelast month.
. As for the government,they passeda law dealing
with this issue last month.
. With regard to the government,they passeda law
dealingwith this issue last month.
To give examples
. For instance, 50% of familiesgo abroad for their
holidays every year.
. For example, 50"/"of familiesgo abroad for their
holidays every year.
To refer to what actually hapPens
. In practice, studentsspend more time watching
televisionthan doing their homework.
. In effect, students spend more time watching
televisionthan doing their homework.
To make general statements
. them to travel to work every day.
As a rule, the idea has been a great success.
. Generally,the idea has been a great success.
. In general, the idea has been a great success.
To make partly correct statements
. Up to a point, this behaviouris an indicatorof
people'sattitudestowardssuch plans.
. To a certain extent,this behaviouris an indicator
of people'sattitudestowardssuch plans.
. To some extent, this behaviouris an indicatorof
people'sattitudestowardssuch plans.
. In a sense, this behaviouris an indicatorof peo-
ple's attitudestowardssuch plans.
. In a way, this behaviouris an indicatorof people's
attitudestowards such Plans.
To express limit of knowledge
. To the best of my knowledge,this kind of corrup-
tion could have been going on for years.
. As far as I know, this kind of corruptioncould have
been going on for years.
. For all I know, this kind of corruptioncould have
been going on for years.
To state other people's opinion
. lt is popularly believedthatthe influenceof televi-
sion has led to an increasein crime.
. People often claim that the influenceof television
has led to an increasein crime.
. Contraryto popular belief,the influenceof televi-
sion has not led to an increasein crime.
66
It is a fact that the influenceof televisionhas led to
an i ncreasei n cri me.
It is often alleged that the influenceof television
has led to an increasein crime.
People argue that the influenceof televisionhas
led to an increasein crime.
Many people argue that the influenceof television
has led to an increasein crime.
A lot of people think that the influenceof television
has led to an increasein crime.
A lot of people believe that the influence of
televisionhas led to an increasein crime.
To express balance (the other side of the
argument)
. ...w hi l e l ongerw orki nghoursw i l lmeanthatpe ople
will have less leisuretime.
. On the other hand, longerworkinghourswillmean
that people will have less leisuretime.
whereas longer working hours will mean that
people will have less leisuretime.
. Ontheotherhand,longerworkinghourswillmean
that people will have less leisuretime.
To make contrasting points
. Cars cause pollution,yet people keep on using
. Cars cause pollution;however, people keep on
using them to travel to work every day.
. Cars cause pollution;nevertheless,people keep
on using them to travel to work every day.
. Although cars cause pollution,people keep on
using them to travel to work every day.
. In spite of the fact that cars cause pollution,
people keep on using them to travelto work
every day.
. Cars cause pollution,but people keep on using
them to travel to work everYdaY.
. While cars cause pollution,peoplekeep on using
them to travel to work everYdaY.
. Despitethe fact that cars causepollution,people
keep on using them to travelto work everyday.
. Even if carscausepollution,peoplekeepon using
them to travel to work every daY.
. Eventhough carscausepollution,peoplekeepon
using them to travelto work every day.
. Cars cause pollution;at the same time, people
keep on using them to travelto work every day.
To conclude
Finally,the campsitewould be an ideallocationfor
a fami l yhol i day.
Lastly,the campsitewould be an ideallocationfor
a family holiday.
Above all, the campsitewould be an ideallocation
for a family holiday.
All in all , the campsitewould be an ideallocation
for a family holiday.
 Unit 5: Part ''l

Taking everything into account, the campsite To rephrase

would be an ideal locationfor a familyholiday.
On the whole, the campsite would be an ideal
locationfor a family holiday.
All things considered,the campsitewould be an
ideal locationfor a familyholiday.
ln c onc lus ion, th e c a m p s i tew o u l d b e a n i d eal
locationfor a family holiday.
As I have said, the campsitewould be an ideal
locationfor a family holiday.
As it was previously stated , the campsitewould
be an ideal locationfor a family holiday.
On the whole, the campsite would be an ideal
locationfor a family holiday.
To sum up, the campsitewouldbe an idealiocation
for a family holiday.
. In other words, the decisionto ban smoki ng is
perfectlyjustified.
. That is to say, the decision to ban smoking is
perfectlyjustified.
To imply that nothing else needs to be said
. At any rate, an increasein the tax ratewould mean
better government services.
. ln any case,an increasein the tax ratewould mean
better government services.
. Anyway, an increase in the tax rate would mean
better governmentservices.
Accepting the situation
. Under the circumstances,thingswill not change
untilsome action is taken.
. Things being as they are, things will not change
untilsome action is taken.
. As it is, thingswill not change untilsome actionis
taken.

Unit 5
Unit5-Part1
Warm-up
Activities:
Part1 (p. 108)
' (The T draws the following spidergram on the board and eticits from Ss words relevant to "shopping.")

guarantee,expensive,worthless,dear, cheap, specialist

shop,stall,kiosk,tuckshop,market,
exorbitant,discount,excellent,specialoffer, cornershop,department store,ironmonger,
valuable,free, bargain supermarket,
boutique, fishmonger

SHOPPING

EQUIPMENT

shopkeeper,florist,butcher,grocer, counter,trolley,shelf,bar code, cash register,

fishmonger,customer,shop assistant, securitycamera, plastic carrier bags, basket
tobacconist,newsagent,baker etc

clothes,specialequipment,toys, books,
d ri n k s ,s h o e s.food, l uggage/bags,
sampl es

(Suggested answers): Two picturesare of people shopping.The coupleshave bought a lot of things and look
very happy.The other pictureshows someonewho's broke. He must have spent lots of money buyingthings,
presents, etc

(Suggested answer): I like shopping,when I'm not in a hurry.But I reallydon't like it when the shop assistantstry
to p res s ur em e int o b u y i n gth i n g s .

67
Unit 5: Part 1

. (Suggested answer): I think that a "shopaholic"is 6. (Ss do the exerciseon their own. While T checks the
somebodywho becomesaddictedto shopping.For answers. helshe explainsany unknown vocabula$.
them ,s hoppingis n o l o n g e ra p l e a s u reb, u t a w ay of fishmonger - octopus,cod, salmon,prawns,trout,etc
curing depression.lt must be a very expensivehabit' chemist - aspirin,toothpaste,shampoo, deodorant,
make-up,soaP ,etc
. Warm-up Listening ActivitY delicatessen- ham, olives,cheese,salads,cold cuts
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.F etc
boutique - scarves,blouses,shirts,dresses,shoes,
bags etc
ReadingTask:Part1 (P.108-109) tuck shop - sandwich,biscuits,crisps,chocolateetc
department store - sheets,china, most items
1.E 2.H 3.A 4.c 5.F 6.1 7.G
newsagent- TV guides,postcards,cigarettes,drinks,
papers etc
Vocabulary Part1 (p. 110-111)
Exercises: stationery shop - envelopes,paper clips,pens, pen-
cils, paper etc
1. tedious - boring,rePetitive locksmith - padlocks,keys,chainsetc
release - an escape optician - contactlenses,sun glasses,normalglasses
minority - the smallerproPortion etc
shopaholics - people addictedto shopping ironmonger - buckets,ladders,metal goods etc
addiction - obsessionwith something;condition of greengrocer - lettuce,melons,onions,carrots,
being dependenton sth potatoesetc
views - sees
escapism - a way to forgetyour problems 7. (Suggested answer)
debts - amountsof moneYone owes A departmentstoreemploysmany peopleto serve
widespread - affectinga lot of people theirvast rangeof customers,whereascornershops,
vast - huge oftenowned and run by the same person,aim to serve
filing - askingthe court to declaresth the localcommunity.Becauseof this,cornershopsare
bankruptcy - stateof being unableto pay your debts generallysmall,stockingavery limitedrangeof goods,
dis or der - illnes s such as basic food products and some household
root - basiccause itemslikewashingpowder.Departmentstores,on the
mania - obsession otherhand,can normallyprovidetheircustomerswith
everythingthey need from clothesto electricalitems
2. f . int er f er es wi th 5. illusion and food. Departmentstores thereforehave to be
2. p i l eu p 6. overdraft large,oftencovering6 or 7 floorsand centrallylocated
3. t r igger ed 7. targeted to attractas many customersas possible.
4. chore B. proneto
Another differencebetweenthe two types of shop
is the pricesthey chargefor similargoods. As depart-
3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise these fext- ment storescan buy stock cheaply in bulk, they can
related collocationsand expressions.f checks in the offermorecompetitivepricesthan cornershopswhich
nexf /esson.) are forced to charge higher prices.
1. t o f uel 6. vicious 11. to startall In my opinion,cornershops offerfriendlierservice
2. to get out 7. to go on 12. the solutionto than impersonaldepartmentstores,and, as they
3. t o giv e 8. c h ro n i c 13. buying normallyhavevery long openinghours - eventrading
4. a form 9. to get to 1 4 . w i d e s p r ead on Sundays,they can also help you in emergencies
5. em pt y 10. th e d e b ts w hen you run out of somethi ng.

store 3. customer
4. 1. department 5. account 8. (After Ss have done Ex 8, T checks their answers
2. bid 4. bill elicitinglexplainingthe meaning of each distracto).
1.8 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C
5 . 1. windows hop p i n g 5. discount 9. tag
2. s hoppinglist 6. in cash 1 0 . re fund 1. A. invaluable - extremelyuseful
3. in stock 7. bY cheque B. priceless - impossibleto value in terms of
4. retailer 8. dePosit money
C. worthless - of no financialvalue
D. valuable - expensive/worth a lot of money
(As an extensionSs cover the text of Ex. 5 and say as 2. A. overdraft - sum of money lent by a bank
many words as possible relatedto shopping e.g. sa/es, B. bankruptcy- stateof beingunabletopay one's
in stock, wholesaler etc) debts
C. debt - money one owes
D. loan - money borrowedfrom a bank etc

68
 Unit5: Part2

3. A. bids - price offersfor sth

Unit5-Part2
B. auctions - eventsin which the public bids
for goods
C. sales - periodwheregoods in shopsare sold at Warm-upActivities:Part2 (p.112)
lower pricesthan usual
D. offers - items reducedin orice (Suggestedanswers)
4. A. bargain - good buy; valuefor money . The articlemust be about televisionand its role in our
B. offer - item reducedin price l i ves.
C. profit - amount of money made on sth . I l i kew atchi ngfi l ms,sport,comedy,musi cvi deos
D. reduction - lessening(in price) and cartoons.
5. A. in advance - before
B. in cash - with coins or notes . Warm-up Listening Activity
C. on credit - buying now, and paying in instal-
ments later 1. tastes 3. news 5. vi ol ent
D. by cheque - using a signed piece of paper 2. films 4. education
which representsmoney
ReadingTask:Part2 (p. 112-113)
Follow-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 111)
8.A 1 0 .c 12. A 14. C
(T elicitscauses from Ss and writes them on the board. 9.D 11.C 13. D
Then Ss come up with possib/e solutionsand discuss
them). VocabularyExercises:Part2 (p. 114-115)
Gauses Advice 1. global - coveringor affectingthe whole world
appeal - to be liked by
beliefthat buying will -) see a therapist entire - whole
make your life happier regularly tastes - preferences
emotionalemptiness -+ face your real full-lengthfilms - filmsof the usuallengthas opposed
to shorterprogrammes
p ro b l e m s
respondents - people who have given answersto sth
pressurefrom advertising-+ cancelyour credit domestically - withinthe countryin question
cards identified - singledout
confidence- afeelingor beliefthat one can firmlytrust
sb or sth
(Suggested Advice): Try to understandthat buying
namely - in particular
things won't make your life better.In fact, it'll make it globalisation - processof sth becomingworld-wide
worse becauseyou'll run up debts. Buying becomes
media - meansof communicatingwith largenumbers
a vicious circle. Depressiongives you the desire to of people
spend which makes you buy things. However,new
options - choices
thingssoon losetheirattractionand you feelyou have
regional - local
to replace them. This excessivespending leads to
omit - to leaveout
debtswhich causedepression.lf I wereyou, I'd cancel
viewers - peoplewatchingsth, usu on TV
my credit cards and try to face my real problems.I
surveys - acts of questioningpeopleto gather
stronglyrecommendseeinga therapistweekly.Try to
statistics
resistpressurefrom advertising.I'd adviseyou to find
tempting - attracting
new hobbiesand interests.Talk to peopleto fill your
status - the positionof somethingin relationto others
emotionalemptiness.
2. f . implication 5. respondent 9. taken into
GrammarCheck:Part1 (p. 111) 2. undermined 6. concept account
3. support 7. schedul e 10. tempt
1. . . .w e r e y o u , I w o u l d . . . 4. restricted 8. govern
2. . . .u n l e s sy o u d o s o m e . . .
3. ... I wouldn' thav e b e e n ... 3. (Ss shou/d memorise fhese text-related cottocations
4. ... p r ov idedy ou wo rk ... and expressions.T checks in the nexf /esson.)
5. . . . h a d s o m e m o n e y ,l w o u l d . . .
6. ... were not afraidof water ... 1. violent B. cl ean bi l l
7. ... h e not been r ea d i n g... 2. to make 9. l ong
B. . . .l w e r e y o u , I w o u l d. . . 3. cultural 10. ful l -l ength
9. ... provided(that)it stops ... 4. part in 11. t h et i m e
10. . . .w o u l d n ' th a v em a d e s o . . . 5. current 12. to strengthen
6. home-produced 13. officer
7. to take 14. officials

69
Unit5: Part2

4 . a ) 1. c hannel 2. canal 3. station By far the largestproportionof peopleaged 26-50

b) 1. commentator 3. announcer watch news and current affairs programmes on TV.
2. newscaster 4. forecaster This is shown by the fact that they are watched by
sevenout of ten peopleaged 26-50.In contrast,only
5. 1. d 3.e 5.i 7.a I. c a small number of people aged 2-25 watch news and
2.h 4.9 6.j 8.b 10. f currentaffairsprogrammeson TV.This is illustratedby
the fact that they are watched by only 15o/ool people
(Suggested titles) aged 2-25.
series - The Professionals A smallnumberof peopleaged 26-50watchdocu-
talk show - Meet fhe Stars mentarieson W. This is demonstratedby the factthat
sitcom - Married with Children documentaries arewatched by 25%ofpeople aged 26-
drama - Play for Today 50. However,an evensmallernumberof peopleaged
film - YoungGuns 2-25 watch quiz shows on TV. This is indicatedby the
documentary - Tomorrow's World fact that quiz showsare watchedby merelyone in ten
western - Gun Fight at the OK Coral peopleaged 2-25.
cartoon - Bugs BunnY A very small number of people aged 26-50watch
soap opera - Dynasty cartoons on TV. This is illustrated by the fact that
quiz show - CatchPhrase cartoonsare watchedby only one in ten peopleaged
26-50.However,a largeproportionof peopleaged 2-
6. Radio: disc jockey, newsflash,station,short wave, 25 watch cartoonson TV. This is demonstratedby the
advertisements, PlaYs,listeners fact that the cartoons are watched by 60% of people
Television: newsflash,black and white,colour, aged 2-25.
channel,videojockey,advertisements, plays,viewers A significantnumber of people aged 26-50watch
Newspaper: editorial,column, black and white, col- musicvideoson TV.This is illustratedby the fact that
our, obituaries,crosswords,classified,ads, adver- music videos are watched by 40"/"of people aged 26-
tisements.readers 50. However, a large majority of people aged 2-25
watch musicvideoson TV.This is indicatedby the fact
7. 1. media 6. satellite that music videos are watched by seven out of ten
2. s c hedule 7. broadcast peopleaged 2-25.
3. c hannels 8. set
4. programmes 9. viewers Suggested rePort
5. aerial 10. remotecontrol
To: Mr S mi th
From: Ned Rivers
Follow-upActivities:Part2 (p. 115) Subject:Types of TV programmespeople prefer

(T helps Ss understand the diagram and discuss its lntroduction

meaning fhen Ss complete and contrasf fhe viewing
figures. Before Ss wrife the report, T should refer them
to p. 126inthe S's book, and presenttheoryon reports'
AlsoT hetpsSs e/icitrng the sub-headingsbefore Ss are
assigned the report as written HlW.)
A significantnumber of people aged 26-50watch
sport on TV. This is illustratedby the fact that it is
watched by 50% of peopleaged 26-50.
Similarlya significantnumberof people aged 2-25
watch sport on TV.This is demonstratedby the factthat
it is watched by 45% of people aged 2'25.
A significantnumber of people 26-50watch soap
operason W. This is exemplifiedby the fact that they
arewatchedby halfof all peopleaged 26-50.However,
a minorityof people aged 2-25 watch soap operas on
TV. This is indicatedby the fact that they are watched
by only three out of ten peopleaged 2-25.
A substantialnumberof peopleaged 26-50watch
lightentertainment on TV.This is demonstratedby the
factthatit is watchedby 60%of peopleaged 26-50.On
the otherhand only a smallproportionof peopleaged
2-25watchlightentertainmenton TV.This is illustrated
by the fact that it is watched by only a quarter of all
people aged 2-25.
This reportwas writtento analysethe resultsof a recent
surveyconcerning the types of TV p rogrammes people
prefer. In this survey two groups of people aged
between2 and 25, and 26 and 50, were questioned
about whether or not they watch certain types of TV
programmes.
Generally popular Programmes
The most popular programmesin both age groups
questionedare films.This is demonstratedby the fact
that films are watched by 80% of peopleaged 26-50,
and 70"/"of people aged 2-26. Similarlyour survey
displayedthat aroundfive in ten peoplefrom both age
groups enjoyedwatchingsports on TV. I also found
that a large majorityof people aged 2-25watch music
videoson TV. This is illustratedby the fact that music
videosare watchedby sevenout of ten peoplein this
age group. Musi cvi deosare al so qui te popul ar ,al-
thoughto a lesserextent,with peopleaged 26-50.This
is shown by the fact that music videos are watched by
40"/oof this age group.
Programmes popular only with certain age groups
The survey also unearthed some significantdiffer-
ences of opinion betweenthe two age groups ques-
tioned.Whilea largeproportionof peopleaged 26-50

70
 Unit5: Part3

watched news and currentaffairsprogrammesonly a . (Suggested answers): I'm not sure what the green-
small number of those aged 2-25 enjoyedsuch broad- house effectis, but I know a greenhouseis a building
casts.This is illustratedby the fact that 70% of people which keepsthe heat of the sun inside,so maybe it's
aged 26-50, but merely 15o/oof those aged 2-25, what happens when heat is kept in by pollution and
regularlywatch news and currentaffairsprogrammes can'tescape.Globalwarmingmustbe partof the same
on TV. The survey showed a similarsituationin the effect.lf heat can't escape,the earth gets warmer and
case of soap operas and light entertainment pro- warmerand so the climatechanges.
grammes. Slightlydifferenthowever,was the case of
cartoons;lfound that only one in ten peopleaged 26- 1. chaos 5. gases 9. stomach
50 watched cartoons while 60% of those aged 2-25 2. fact 6. heater 10. heal th
watched them regularly. 3. mi l der 7. E ngl and
4. droughts 8. lakes
Generally unpopular programmes
Both documentariesand quiz shows provedto be the
mostunpopulartypesof programmesamongbothage
ReadingTask:Part3 (p. 110-117)
groups.In the caseof documentaries, this is illustrated
by the fact that they are watched by 2|o/oof peopfe 15. B 17.A 19. I 21.D
aged 26-50,and 15% of people aged 2-25.Similarly, 16. G 18. H 20. C
quiz shows are watched by only j\o/o ol people aged
26-50and merelyone in ten peopleaged 2-25. VocabularyExercises:Part3 (p. 118-119)
Gonclusion 1. cynics - peoplewho doubt sth is true
The viewingtrends reflectedin the surveysuggestthat panel - group of people chosen to take part in sth
the viewingfigureswere generallyquitepositive.How- undeniable - sth that cannot be disputedor denied
ever,the need for some slight adjustmentswas indi- foresee - to see or know that sth is going to happen in
cated.Firstlythe popularityof films,sports,and music the future
videos on TV suggests that perhaps we should in- record - the best or most extremeof sth
crease the number of these types of programmes harvests - the times of the year when the crops are
shown.ln contrast,the unpopularityof quizshowsand brought in
documentariesillustratesthat the number of these stabilising - fixingor stopping
programmesshould be reduced.Alternatively,efforts
poles - north and south ends of the earth's axis
could be made to increasetheir appeal to viewers. extremes - conditionswhich are as differentas possi-
Finally,althoughlittlecan be done to make cartoons
ble from each other
more popularwith peopleaged 26-50,effortscould be
droughts - periodsof no rainfalland thereforeshortage
made to make soap operas,light entertainmentand
of water
newsand currentaffairsprogrammesmore interesting
continents - the seven large land massesof the earth
for youngerviewers.
vapour - tiny drops of v,,ater,liquid or gas in the air
regulate - to control
GrammarCheck:Part2 (p.115) greenhouse gases - gases which cause global
warming (eg carbon dioxide)
1. . . .y o u h a d n ' tf a i l e d. . . vast - extremelybig
2. ... we c ould go on h o l i d a y... tilting - tipping to one side
3. . . .w o u l d c o m e o u t . . . algae - simple,smallplantsthat grow in or nearwater
4. . . .I h a d b e e n. . . reservoirs - man-made or natural lakes for storing
5. ... had not been late for ... water
6. ... I c ould c om e, b u t ... purification - process of cleaning sth
7. ... we had gone t o s e e ... intestine-related - having to do with the digestive
8. ... we had arrivedearlier... system

2 . 1. severity 8. odd
Unit5-Part3 2. intensify 9. watercourse
3. emi ssi ons 10. innovative
Warm-up
Activities:
Part3 (p. 116) 4. equator 11. ovenvhel med
5. Desertification 12. freak
. (Suggested answer): I think the articleis about the 6. monsoon 13. tidal wave
weather,how it affectsour world and the problems it 7. coastal 14. sol ar
can cause.
3 . 1. drought 3. smoke 5. overcast
(Asanalternative,f canaskSs questionsonthe pictures
2. show er 4. chi l l y 6. l i ghtni ng
eg Why is the earth burning? Why is the Earth crying?
What'sgoing on? etc.)

71
 . 5: Part 3

4. under the weather - not well or not cheedul 8. (Suggested answer)

make heavy weather of - to make unnecessary
problemsfor oneselfwhen doing sth
weather the storm - to deal successfullywith a
difficultsituation
a storm in a teacup - unnecessaryamount of excite-
ment or argumentabout an unimportantmatter
as right as rain - quite all right
come rain or shine - whateverhappens
for a rainy day - for a time of misfortune
chase rainbows - to spendtime thinkingaboutthings
that one cannot obtain
put the wind up - to cause somebodyto feel fear or
worry
In the place in the first pictureyou'd be likelyto find
sunshine and boiling temperatures,whereas in the
second place you'd find frost and snowdrifts.There
might be torrentialrain in the first place;on the other
hand, in the second place it's more likelythat there
would be a blizzard. ln the first place you would
probably feel a gentle breeze most days, but hurri-
canesare possible,of course.However,in the second
placeyou'd feelfreezinggustsof wind carryingsleetor
snowflakes.
9 . (Ss do the exercise.While T checks answers, helshe
elicitslexplainsthe meaning of each distractor.)

(Suggested answer) 1.A 2. c 3.D 4. C 5.D

Shewasfeelingunder the weatherso shedecidednot 1. A. harvest = to gathermature,usefulplants,
to go to work. fruit etc for human use
He has a tendencyto make heavy weather of the most B. pick = to collect (fruit,flowers etc)
trivialproblems. C. produce = to grow in large quantities
Theirbusinessseemedto be failing,buttheymanaged D. stock : to keep a supply of
to weather the storm. 2. A. chaos = completedisorder
Allthe fuss she made about our not going to the party B. disorder = lack of organisation
was just a storm in a teacuP. C. mess - dirty, untidy state
Susanwas ill lastweek but now she'sas right as rain. D. havoc = widespreaddisorder
l'll alwaysbe willingto help you come rain or shine. 3. A. mist = a cloud of smallfine drops of water
You should always have some money put by for a hangingabovethe ground,not as thick as fog
rainy day. B. vapour - gas in the form of steam,smoke
Insteadof chasing rainbows you should go out and spreadabout in the air
fi n d a job. C. steam : hot gas that water changes into
Havinghis flat broken into reallyput the wind up him when boiled
- now he's installedan alarm system. D. fog = thickcloudoffinedropsabovelandorsea
4. A. outing = shorttrip for pleasure
5. (Ss shou/d memorise fhese text-relatedcollocations B. outlet = means of releasingsb's energy,
and expressions.T checks in the nexf /esson) feelingetc
1. heav ily 9. d ra i n a g e C. emission = releaseof light,heat,gas etc
2. predictions 10. to face D. omission = act of leavingout
3. global 11. mountainous 5. A. wild = not domesticated(e.g wild animals)
4. ur ban 12. h i g h ti d e B. furious = extremelyangry
5. target 13. b a n k ru p t C. savage = extremelyviolent
6. geological 14. water D. strong = powerful
7. hard-bitten 15. F l o o d B a rri e r
8. to regulate 16. i n d u s tri a l Follow-upActivities:Part3 (p. 119)
6 . a) 1. lost 3. stray (Suggested answers)
2. stranded 4. missing
The weathercan affectour mood in severalways. lf it
b ) 1. dip 3. s u b m e rg e
is sunnyfor example,we are more likelyto feel happy,
2. div e 4. sink
whereaspeopleoftenfeeldepressedwhen it is cloudy
7 . (AfterSs have d one Ex 7, Tc hec ks the answerseIi c iting I or overcast.I prefersunnyweather,becausethen I can
explaining the meaning of each distractor.) sit outdoors.I don't like it to be too hot though,
becausethen you feeltiredallthe time,and don't want
hot weather - boiling,heatwave,sunshine,dry, warm, to do anything.
drought,scorching,arid
cold weather - ice, freezing,sleet,chilly,snowdrift, (Ss go through the table after having read the text and
frost, snowflake,hail, hailstones,blizzard T explainsthe items/isted. This activi$ can then be
misty weather- fog, smog, haze done rn c/ass or assigned as HIW)
windyweather- gust,breeze,gale,hurricane, draught,
cyclone,blow Welcometo OurPlanetToday.Thiseveningthe subject
wet weather - rain,drizzle,storm, downpour,flood, is global warming. Optimisticallyspeaking, global
torrentialrain, monsoon,(clap of) thunder,(flashof) warming will lead to milder winters,and record har-
l i ght ning,dam p, r a i n b o w ,s tri k e(l i g h tn i n g ), vests. On the other hand, it will cause a rise in sea
cloudburst levels,and certainislandswillbe submerged.Droughts

72
 Unit 5: Part4

and desertification will occur in hotterareas,while in ReadingTask:Part4 (p. 120-121)

high areas,the rainfallwill becomefiercer.In England,
risingwater levelsmay cause the Thamesto overflow. 22,23.B, D (inanyorder)
Stormswill becomemore violent,and the hot weather 24,25.C, D (inanyorder)
will be perfectfor algae to reproducein, causing 26. A
healthproblems.So what can be done to preventit? 27. B
Firstly,governmentsneed to regulateemissionsof 28. E
greenhousegases, such as CO2. We need to cam-
29,30. A, D (inanyorder)
p a i gnf or ar educ t io ni n i n d u s tri a l e mi s s i o nTsh.i sc o ul d
31.E
be done by introducingalternativeenergy sources 32,33. B, E (inanyorder)
such as solar,tidal and hydro-electricpower. Global 34. B
warmingis a problem,but I'm convincedthat if we act
35. D
now its impact can be reduced.
VocabularyExercises:Part4 (p. 1221
GrammarCheck:Part3 (p. 119)
1. nestling - being in a comfortableor shelteredlocation
2. have 7. to 12. you
caters for - provideswhat is needed or wanted
3. b een B. have 13. to charges - cost, price
4. ,/ 9. ,/ 14. ,/ supervised - overseen,looked after
5. hav e 10. to 15. had ground charge - fee paidfor the landwhereyou pitch
6. has 11. ,/
your tent
literally - actually,exactly
Unit5-Part4 amusement arcade - building which containscoin-
operatedgames machines
Warm-upActivities:Part4 (p. 120) shower block - buildingon a camp-sitewhichcontains
showersfor holiday-makers' use
. (Suggested answers) reservations- advancearrangements,bookings
Yes - | lovecamping,becauseit is a chanceto get noise levels - amount of sound made
outdoorsfor a while.A campsiteshould havea shop, amenities - facilitiesthat make life easier
where you can buy basic supplies,clean toiletsand hard to beat - difficultto improveupon
runningwater.A greatadvantageof campingis that it sanctuary - shelter,place of protection
is cheap.However,it can be a nightmarein cold rainy founders - people who begin or establishsth
weather.
2. 1 . the great outdoors 6. torch
. (T draws the following spidergram on the board and 2. rucksack 7. site
elicits relevant vocabularyfrom Ss.,) 3. tent B. pitch
4. sleepingbag 9. pegs
pegs tent 5. ground mat 10. stove

torch to pitch(atent) 3 . (Ss shou/d memorise these text-related collocafions

ca mp i n g CA M PIN G pole and expressions.T checks in next /esson).

rucksack
1. si tuated 6. variety 11. strict
2. to have 7. pony 12. included
guy rope mallet 3 . amusement 8 . to enjoy
4 . foot 9. extra
play 5 . play 10. reservation
1. 6. shower 11. meals
2. pony 7. noise levels 12. i n j u re d
4. . To go on a skiing holiday you need ski boots so
3. April B. caravans 13. dogs
that you can ski properly.You also need a ski
4. minutes 9. forest 14. donkeys jacket to keep you warm, and goggles to protect
5. clubs 10, rides
your eyes from the sun.
. To go on a camping holiday you need insect
repellent to protect yourselffrom mosquito bites.
You also need a camping stove so you can cook,
and a tent to sleep in.
. To go on a safari holiday you need binoculars so
you can see the wildlife.You also need a map and
compass to avoidgettinglostand a camera to take
picturesof the animals,and a ieep to travelin.

73
Unit5: Part4

. To go on a mountaineeringholiday you definitely
need climbingboots and a rope so you can climb
safely.You may also need a tent to sleep in and a
camping stove for preparinghot meals.A com-
pass is necessaryso that you know which way to
go.
. To go on a sailing holiday you need a life iacket
in caseyoucan'tswim.You alsoneedafishing rod
and hooks so you can catchfish,and a rope so you
can moor the boat or rescue anyone who falls
overboard.
. To go on a fishing holiday you needa f ishing rod,
hooks and a net so you can catch fish. You also
need insect repellent to keep away mosquitoes
and a compass in case you get lost.
. To go on a sightseeingholiday you need a guide
book so you can findyourway roundthe placeyou
are visiting.You also need a camera so you can
take picturesof the sightsand a pair of binoculars
so you can see distant places.
5 . (Suggested answer)
A campsiteis for peoplewho likethe outdoorlifeand
don't mind puttingup with a bit of discomfort.Hotels,
on the other hand, offer lots of luxuries.Stayingat a
campsiteis not as expensiveas staying in a hotel.
However,one needsto havespecialequipmentto go
camping.Another disadvantageof stayingin a camp-
site is that you have to make do with basic facilities
such as sharedtoiletsand showers.This has a positive
aspect,though since you get to know other campers
and make new friends.On the contrary, in a hotel
there is very littlechance of meetingthe other guests
unless you make an effortto do so, etc.
6. campsite = place for pitching tents and parking
caravans
self-catering apartment = accommodationwith
cooking facilities
youth hostel - very cheap shared accommodation
holiday camp = site with organised activities for
tourists
guesthouS€ = small,friendly hotel
time-share apartment = flat you buy a share in - you
can only use during a set period of time each year
hotel = place where people pay to stay in a room
(mealsare usu provided)
bed and breakfast = is small,oftenfamily-runhotel,
only offeringa room for the night and breakfast
(Sug g ested answer): My favouriteplaceto staywould
flat,as I liketo cook and wouldhave
be in a self-catering
the freedom to come and go as I pleased. fu1yleast
favouritewould be a time-shareapartment,because
theyareexpensiveand you onlybuythe righttousethe
apartmentfor two or so weeks a year which seems to
be a very bad deal to me.

Follow-upActivities:Part4 (p. 122')

(Suggestedanswers)
(T elicits from Ss informationconcerning each campsiteand writes it on the board, fhen Ss talk about the site they
would choose to go to.)

situated activities rules facilities caravan/ open

tent
A Wales- ponytreks, - shop, both April-September
bottomof excursions restaurant,
Mount all modern
Snowdon amenities

B South coast pubs,clubs, tents supervised tents all year

of England, discos, only play area,
by Paignton amusement modern shower
Beach arcade,beach bl ock,
activities electricity

c Lake District walking n o rs e verybasic both April-September

levels
m u s tb e
low

D near the New g a me s , ful l tent June-August

Forest spofts,walks, supervision
ponyrides of chi l dren,
tents,beddi ng,
meals provided

E - h e l p i n gto h e a l no pets basic Allyearround

sickanimals allowed ameni ti es

74
 ExamFocus:Unit5

(Suggested answers)
The Windermere Site sounds wonderfulto me. lt is
very basic,but it is cheap, and situatedin the middle
of a beautifularea.I would loveto go there,becauseI
enjoy walking,and I don't like noisy places.The site
hasstrictrulesaboutnoiselevels,so it'ssureto be very
peaceful.
The Shimmering Sands Site is situatedon the south
coast of England.One of its reallygood featuresis its
closenessto the beach.There'sa lot to do there:the
night-lifeis outstanding.Unfortunatelyit's for tents
only, but it's open all year round,and the facilitiesare
good. lt has electricityand a cleanshowerblock,and
there'seven a supervisedarea where you can leave
your children. All in all, it's a good campsite. We
especiallyenjoyed meeting all the differentpeople,
and I'd definitelygo there again.
2. You hear this girl talking to her friend on the tetephone.
ExamFocus- Useof English:Unit5 (p.123)
Part 4
1. Listen to these tvvofriends talking. Whydid the girt see
Barry?
A She wanted to talk to him.
B She wanted to borrow something.
C He had telephoned her.
Girl: Oh, Barry came here on Thursday night.
Boy: I thoughtyou didn't want to see him again.
Girl; Well- I'd spokento him a whileback.He'd stillgot
some books and files that he'd borrowedand I had
somethingsof histhatlsupposehewanted.Therewas
a messageon the answerphoneand he said he was
going to Englandon Thursdaynight,so I told him to
come overon his way through- with the airportso close
and all - and bringthe thingsand wait here.He was on
one of those middle-of{he-nightflights.We actually
had qui tea ni ce chat....
What do they decide to do for the evening?
A stayat home
B walk on the beach
C gotoapub

1. ,/ Girl; Yes - | do. I can'tthinkof anythingnicerrightnow

5. ou t 9. / 13. up than a strollalong the cool sand, listeningto the
2. us 6. to 10. of 14. ./ waves.. (pause) ... what - rain or just clouds?
3. ,/ 7. the 11 . it 15. much (pause)...Mmm, stilla bit dubious.Tell you what,
4. behind 8. been 12. ,/ everybodyhere's going out this evening- we would
have the place all to ourselvesand no fighting over
Part 5 the television.... (pause)... lt wouldn'tbe boring if we
went and got a good film ... (pause)... Well,what
1. pollution 6. p o p u l a ti o n aboutgoingfor a drinkthen?Everybody'sgoingto the
2. particularly 7. Scientists Roverstonight... (pause)...Well,yes,and it's rentday
3. global B. recommendations tomorrow.Look, a video won't breakthe bank, and a
4. uninhabit able L governments bit of peace and quiet would be ... (pause)
5. agricultural 10. discussions ... Right,any time afterseven.

Prepositions 3. You hear this conversation in a shop. What does fhe

woman decide to do about the lamp?
1. w it h/ in 8. und e r 15. w i th 22. for A take the money instead
2. to 9. on 16. to 23. on B exchange it for something else
3. with 10. in 1 7. into 24. in C keep it
4. to 11. by 18. i n / o u to f 25. with
Woman:ltwasa present,but I don't likethecolour-can
5. b y lat 12. in, o f 19. in 26. on
I change it?
6. for 13. from 20. to/with 27. for
Assistant.'Yes- butwe haven'tgot many left- onlywhat
7. u nder 14. in 21. to /b y 28. with you see on the shelf.
Woman: Oh - well I don't much like any of those. I
ExamFocus- Listening:Unit S (p. 124) supposeyou would let me changeit wouldn'tyou?!Or
I could always have a refund?
Part 1 Assistant.'Well- we can giveyou a creditnote - but you
have to spend it on somethingin this store.
1. C 3.C 5.C 7. C Woman: Well, I could certainlyuse that lovely coffee
2.A 4. A 6.8 machineover there.Oh, but this was supposedto be
8.A
a present.Maybe if I could just change the shade it
Part 1 would be all right.
You'll hear people talking in eight different situations.
For questions 1 to 8, choose fhe besf answer, A, B
or C.

75
ExamFocus:Unit5
4. You arein a hospitalwhen you hear this conversation.
Who is the doctor talking to?
A a parent
B a nurse
C anotherdoctor
Doctor: Hello,littleman! Mmm - he's lookinghappier
this evening,don't you think? Now, let's have a look
at these legs. Has he had his injection?
Female:Yes, he has.
Doctor: How did he get on?
Female:Well - he cried a bit. His ankle'sstillvery red'
Doctor: Mmm - don't worry - we'll give him something
for that. The bandagesare going to come off
tomorrow.Are You staYingtonight?
Female; Yes.
Doctor: So you can give him his supper.
Female:Yes - if that's alright.
Doctor: lt's better.I'm on call,so if theythinkhe needs
any help, it'll be me that comes.
Female:Thank You doctor.
5. Lisfen to this radio advertisement.what is being adver-
tised?
A a home finance seruice
B an accommodation seruice
C a home imProvementseruice
Radiovoice: Need more rooms than you have?Look-
ing for ways to raise that extra mortgage? Don't look
any furtherthan your own roof.Yes,thereyou'llfind all
the space you're looking for. Our interiordesigners
and craftsmenwill transform your loft into that extra
office,playroom,studioorgrannyflat.Maybeyouneed
extraincome?Then your loft could be that studioflat
bringingin much-neededrent.Now there'san invest-
menl wbrtn considering!Worried about the money?
our financialadvisorswill work out a comprehensive
paymentschemefor you. And remember- 907"of our
customersdon't start paying until the last workman
leaves.
6. Lrsfento this mother and daughtertalking.what is Lucy
looking for?
A hershoes
B her clothes
C her books
- lot of damage is still being done to the environment'
Lucy: Mummy - it's music and movementtomorrow
where are mY things?
Mother:They'reall in your room, with your uniform'I
washedthem.
-
Lucy: They're not! Except my shoes - (giggle) bit
difficultto wash them.
Mother:They'rethere,dear.Your leotard'swith your
shoes,your tights are - um - oh, they'rethere, Lucy!
Lucy: Oh, Mummy! l've found your addressbook!
Mother: What's it doing in there?
Lucy:I dunno - but Mummy- | needto pack my things
with my books! Where are theY?
Mother:l'm coming!There- what'sthat lot underyour
duvet?
76
7. Listen to this conversation.What has one of the
speakers forgotten to do?
A make a caKe
B buy a Pie
C buy acake
Sue; So where is it?
John: What? Oh, no! l'm so sorry ... it completely
sl i ppedmY mi nd.
Sue; Great. What are we supposed to do now? The
baker's shuts at two and it's - oh no, it's five past
already.She's going to be so disappointed"'
John: Well,you've got the candles,and I can pick up
an appl e P i e at the shoP ...
Sue: Oh, right, a pie with candles.lt's not quite the
same, is it?
John: Why don't you whip one up yourself?They'reso
much ni cerhomemade'
8. Listento this woman talking on the phone. Whatis she
complaining about?
A atap
B a light switch
C the kitchen sink
Woman:Well,it justwon't stop drippingyou know' l've
asked Bob to have a look but he's hopelessat those
things...lmean, electricsand all that stuffaroundthe
house.N o,no,the one i n the ki tchen' sfi ne - you know,
it runs when you turn it on and stops when you turn it
off likeit'ssupposedto. So d'youthinkyou couldcome
over and ...
ExamFocus- Speaking:Unit 5 (p. 125)
Parl2
(Suggested answers)
Pictures A and B
. PictureB showstheearthbeingheldand protectedby
a pair of hands, while picture A shows the earth
exploding into flames. The pictures representthe
destructionof the earlhbecauseof globalwarmingand
the importanceof savingour planet.
. l don' tthi nkenoughi s bei ngdonetoprotectthepl a net ,
becauseit is becomingmore and more pollutedand a
. We can reduce pollution by making sure that we
disposeof rubbishproperlyand by recyclingas much
as we can.
. I think that the earthwill be less pollutedin fiftyyears'
time becausepeople are graduallybeginningto
realise how much damage has been done to the
environmentand that somethingmust be done
before it is too late.
 Exam Focus: Unit S

Pictures C and D 5. The food at the new restaurantis highly recom_

Picture C is of a man savingmoney and picture D is mended.
of a man in prison.Perhashe is in prisonbecausehe 6. lt is suggestedthat you make reservationsbefore
got into debt. going to the restaurant.
I spendmostof my moneyon buyingclotheswhichare 7. A map of the citycan be obtainedatthe information
fashionable,and magazinesabout things I'm centre.
interestedin. 8. Tickets can be purchased at the box office.
I spend quite a lot of money when I go shopping,
5. 1. F (Reportsare factualwriting.)
becauselfind it hardto stop myselfbuyingsomething
2.7
i f I l i k eit . lf I ' m s av ingu p fo r s o me th i n gth
, o u g h ,l w o n ' t 3. F (Factsand generalisationsare used in survey
spend any money until I've saved up the amount I
reports.)
n e e d.
4.7
I think it is importantto savemoneyso that you can be 5. F (Witnessstatementsare usuallyless formal.)
surethat you will havesome if you need it in the future, 6.7
or for an emergency. 7. T
8.7
ExamFocus- Writing:Unit5 (p. 126) 9. F (Surveyreportsincludefacts as well.)
10. T
The style in the first extract is formal. The vocabulary
11. F (Newsreportsfollow a paragraphplan.)
used is not overlysimpleand the sentencestructureis
12. F (Witnessstatementsdo not have headings or
advanced.The style in the second extract is rather
less formal than in the first extract.Some colloquial sub-headi ngs.)
13. T
words (e.9. "blast,""ripped,")are used.
14. T
The first report could have been written by a govern- 15. T
ment safety inspector, who wanted to assess the
standardsof this factory.The second reportseemsto 6. a) Facts
havebeen takenfrom a local newspaper;it was written - 46% of men read horror books
by a reporter,who wantedto reportwhat happened. - 53% of women surveyedread romances
- a minorityof both sexes read factual books
Present tenses are used in the first report and past
- onlytwo in ten men and one in ten women read
te n sesin t he s ec ond .
this type of book
Suggestedmain headingfor the firstreport:Chemical - a third of women read mysterieswhile only a
factory in Widfield. quafterof men read them
- asignificantnumberofthem readmorethanfive
1 . 1 . l a r gepr opor t ion 4 . A s i g n i fi c a nnt u m b e r books a month
2 . A s m allnum ber 5 . s u b s ta n ti a l - sevenout of ten women read more than three
3 . p e r c ent 6 . mi n o ri ty books a month while only 20% of men read
more than two
1.d 2.b 3.f 4.a 5.e 6.c - the largest proportionof books are borrowed
from a library
2. 1 . B 2 . C 3.D 4.E 5.A

3. (Suggestedanswers) Generalisations
- the most popular type of books for men is
1. ... the fact that the majorityof young peoplewear
thrillers,while for women it is romance
jeans every day. - the most enthusiasticreadersare those who
2. ... the fact that a significantnumber of people are
read romances.
moving out of the city to the countryside. - women read more than men
3. ... the fact that 30 per cent of familiesown at least - book clubs are becomingmore popular
two televisionsets. - thissurveyindicatesthat men and women have
4. ...the factthat a largeproportionof familieseat out
differentreading tastes
at leastfour times a week. - women also tend to read more than men
5. ... the fact that only 1S% of people go on holiday - neithermen nor women buy many of the books
during the winter months.
they read
4. 1. This surveywas conductedto ...
2. This reportwas writtento analysethe resultsof ... b) 1. ModelA 4. ModetA 7. ModetA
3. The resultsindicatethat ... 2. ModelA 5. ModetB 8. ModetA
4. Touristswill be transportedto the hotel in the 3. ModelB 6. ModelA 9. Model B
a i r por tm ini- bus .

77
ExamFocus;Unit5
7. . Tenses used in ModelA are mainlypresenttenses
(simplepresent,presentcontinuous)'
Tenses used in Model B are past tenses (past
perfectcontinuous,simple past, past continuous)
. Model A comes from an employeeof a company'
Model B comes from a student.
. Model A containsonlYfacts.
. Model B containsdetailed descriptions'
. The writer'spurpose in Model A is to assessthe
possibilityof using BeaumontCateringfor an
annualawardsceremonydinner'
- The writer'spurposein Model B is to writea report
assessingthe good and bad pointsof a recent
school triP.
. Formal style is used in Model A, informal style in
M odel B .
. Linking words in Model A: in fact, although,
therefore,however,also, on the whole, although'
Linking words in Model B: although,becauseof,
however,finally, nevertheless,in fact
. Sub-headingsin Model B: feelingsbeforethe
school trip, the trip, accommodation,activities,
feelingsand recommendations'
Model A
Good Points
- the catering business is entering its twenty-fifth 10.
successfulYear
-itisab|etode|iverfoodtofunctionsbeinghe|din
Somersetand the Midlands
- the company offers a varied menu
- the deliveryservicewill bringtablesand chairs,etc
and everythingrequiredfor the meal
- waitersare suppliedfor the evening
Bad points
- it specialisesin Frenchcuisinewhich is not always
suitablefor lessformalfunctions
- the deliveryservicedoes not includetables and
chairsfor those using the air service
- theY do not offer a bar service
Model B
Good Points
- activitieslike rock climbing,sailing,horse riding
- journeYhad fantasticscenery
- sailinglessonswere fun
- long exhilaratingwalk
- sat around a fire singingsongs
- very haPPYbY the end of two weeks
- tried various sports and other activities
Bad Points
- journey was dreadful because of heavy traffic
- dormitorywith rows of iron beds
- exhaustingsailinglessons
- tastelesslunch
- worn out bY the end of two weeks
78
ParagraPhPlan for Model A
Introduction: purposeand contentof report
paragraphs 2, 3: summaryof informationunder
suitablesub-headings
conclusion: recommendationsigeneral conclusion
ParagraPhPlan for Model B
lntroduction: set the scene (nameof place,writer's
feelings)
parag[aphs2,3,4:detai l softri psummari si ngp osit ive
and negativeasPects
Conclulion: generalassessmentand recommend-
ation
3,8 4.A 5.D
8.1.c 2.E
9. (Suggestedanswers hypotheses)
1. the burglarmay have been wearinggloves'
2. he could have been the one who shot the shop-
keePer.
3. he could have been the one who fired the shots'
4. one of the waiterscould have stolen my wallet'
5. the burglarmust have broken in at that moment'
6. they may have committedthe crime'
7. the attackei'must have hit him.
B . he must have been dri nki ng'
' hypothesis: it must have been about 7 o'clock
. evidence: ... becauseI heardthe church bell
ring
. hypothesis: the drivermust have been drunk
. evidence: he was swervingall over the road
. hypothesis:he must havebeen going at least50
kph
. evidence: he kept overtakingall the other cars
. hypothesis: I don't think the drivereven saw the
child
. evidence: he didn't slow down
. hypothesis: must have been the car hittingthe
boy
. evidence: I heard a crash
. hypothesis: I thought it was broken
. evidence: the boy couldn't move his neck
Prisonstaffin Berkshirewere on full alertyester-
11.
day after riots broke out in Bracknellprison on
SaturdaYnight.
Thetroublebeganshortlyaftereighto'clockwhen
severalprisonerslockedthemselvesintothe canteen
after the evening meal had been served' Within
hours,the riotinghad spreadto othersectionsof the
prison,and by Sundaymorningprisonershad com-
plete control of the prison. Prison wardens were
forced to retreatto the outer section of the prison
buildingand describedthe situationinsidethe prison
as "comPleteanarchY."

At daybreakon Mondaymorning,prisonersgath-
eredon the roofand, usinga loud hailer,saidthatlhey
would not surrenderuntildemandsfor bettercondi
tionsweremet.Theseincludeupgradedfacilitiesand
an end to overcrowding,a problem affectingan
increasingnumber of Britishprisons.
As riotingenters its third day, prison authorities
are still refusingto negotiatewith prisoners,saying
"Whileprisonersare stillin controlof the prisontnere
is no questionof any negotiationtakingpiace.We will
not be subjectedto this kind of blackmail.',prisoners
seem equallydeterminedto stand their ground and
the situationlookssetto continueuntiltheirdemands
are met.
Topic of each paragraph
paragraph 1 - Riot at Bracknell
paragraph 2 - Anarchy as prisonersTake Control
paragraph 3 - the prisoners'Demands
paragraph 4 - Both Sides Take Tough Stand
13. (Suggested answers)
Paragraph plan
Introduction:summaryof event(time,place,people
involved)
paragraphs 2, 3: descriptionof main eventsand
people involved (give detailedfacts)
Conclusion:comments,referenceto futuredevelop_
ments
14. Model 2
12. a) Model A - news report
Model B - witness statement
b) Model A - Topic of each paragraph
paragraph 1 - supertankerran aground,
Scotlandearly hours of yesterdaymorning
paragraph 2 - oil began leaking,storagecom_
par t m entr ippe do p e n , o i l s p i l l 1 2 mi l e sw i d e ,
caused t12 milliondamage,coastguardarrives
4 am, work made difficultby bad weather.
Final paragraph - next 24 hours criticalperiod,
Greenpeacespokesmancomments about
damage and prevention.
Model B - Topic of each paragraph
paragraph 1 - rough sea, watchingequipment,
3 am s hip hit s o m e th i n g .
paragraph 2 - ship in deep waters, perhaps
incorrectreadings,watercoming on board,Cap-
tain at his side,containersripped open, Captain
contacts Coastguard.
paragraph 3 - alarms sounded, crew got into
lifeboats,coastguardrescues,more vesselswere
called.
ExamFocus:UnitS
M o d e lA - P a r a g r a p h p l a n
Introduction- summary of event (time, place,
people involved)
paragraph 2 - descriptionof main event,people
involved,detailedfacts
Conclusion - comments, referenceto future
developments
ModelB-Paragraphplan
Introduction-set the scene (time,place,people
involvedin incident)
paragraph 2 - descriptionof main event, people
involved,hypothesisand evidence
Conclusion - final resultsof the incident
c) 1. ModelA 4. ModetA 7. Model B
2. ModelB 5. ModelA
3. ModelB 6. ModetB
Heading - ScoobyDoo Fun Fair,Scarseville
Paragraph 1 - lntroduction
- Location
Paragraph2
- Price
Paragraph3
- Entertainmentfacilities
Paragraph4
- Conclusion
Paragraph5
Residentsof Hanworth,E. Sussex were warned
not to leave their homes lastnightas the huntfor an
escaped convict from nearby Beddston prison con_
ti nued.
The prisoner, a convicted murderer, escaped
fromthe prisonearlyyesterdaymorningwhilehe was
being transferredto Lewesfor trial. Using a knife he
had concealedin his trousers,the man threatened
the police officersguarding him and tied them up
before he escaped in the direction of Hanworth.
Police immediately alerted the residents of Han_
worth, who were advisedto stay in their houses and
lock their doors. Shops and the local
schoolclosedat midday,and willremaincloseduntil
the convictis caught.A descriptionof the convicthas
beeni ssuedby pol i ce.H e i s i n hi s mi dthi rti es,5' 11 ",
with dark brown hair, brown eyes and a beard.
PhilipChilton,officerin charge of the search,
yesterday warned the public not to approach the
man under any circumstances,saying "He is ex_
tremelydangerous.Any member of the public who
thinksthey have seen him should contacttheir local
police departmentimmediatelyand should not at_
tempt to approachhim."
Poticeare confidentthat the man will be caught
within the next twenty-fourhours.
Witness Statement (Suggested answer)
I was in the kitchenmaking dinnerwhen I heard
a noisecomingfrom the yard outside,so lturned off
the grill and waited quietly.
79
ExamFocus:Unit5
I peaked through my net curtains,and saw a man
g oingt hr oughm y ru b b i s hH. e k e p tl o o k i n ga ro u ndso
I think he didn't want to be seen. He was tall, about
5 ' 11" , about 35 y e a rs o l d , w i th d a rk b ro w n h ai r.
Because of the strange way he was acting and
becausehe matchedthe descriptionsI had heardon
the radio I knew immediatelythat it was him. He was
the prisonerwho had escapedfrom Beddston
Prison.So I got up quicklyand wentto callthe police'
Aftertellingthe sergeanton duty what I had seen he
advisedme to lock my doors and windowsand wait
for the policeto arrive.I mustadmit I was a bit scared,
so I ran upstairsand hid underthe bed!
The policecamevery quickly,but the convicthad
alreadydisappeared.
15. 1. surveyreport 4 . a s s e s s i n gg o o d and
2. witnessstatement bad points
3. surveyrePort 5. survey rePort
1. Paragraph Plan (surveYrePort)
paragraph 1 - state purpose and content of report
paragraphs 2, 3, 4 - summaryof informationunder
s uit ables ub- he a d i n g s
Final paragraph - generalconclusion
. formal stylewith sub-headingsand subjector main
h eading
To: James Klein,Editor,Leisure Leisure magazine
From: RalphWiddicomb,reporterand researcher
Re: LeisureSurvey
Date:September1996
lntroduction
B et weenJ uly a n d A u g u s to f th i s y e a r,1 2 0 0p e opl e
were surveyedby telephoneas to how they spend
their leisuretime. Their activitieswere categorised
into four groups: sports,indoor games, passivere-
laxation,and hobbies.Responseswere furtherbro-
ken down into categoriesreflectingthe age and
wealthof the resPondents.
The Wealth Factor
The surveyshowedthat peopleearningover f30,000
per yearare much more likelyto participatein sporting
activities.40o/oof wealthy people ski, ride horses or
play tennis, while only 8% of people earning under
!12, 000 engage dre g u l a rl yi n s p o rts .T h e ri c h ,e spe-
ciallythose in middle-age,were also twice as likelyto
spend more than six hours per week on a hobby'
Indoor Games: UniversalAPPeal
Respondentsof all ages and incomes repoftedthat
they enjoyed some type of indoor games (indoor
games includechess, draughts,other board games,
cards,dartsand billiards).65% statedthattheyplayed
this type of game at least occasionally.Again, older
respondentswere more likelyto socialisein this way.
80
Passive Relaxation
The survey revealed that the category of passive
relaxation(includingTV watching,reading,attending
sportseventsand concerts,and listeningto music)is
the most popularway of spendingone's leisuretime.
While older wealthy people tend to read more than
seniormembersof the lower-incomegroups (67%as
opposedto 36%),peopleundertwenty read littleand
watch a lot of TV, regardlessof theireconomicstatus:
82o/ool respondentsunderage twentywatchedat least
ten hours of TV Per week.
How This lnformation Can Be Applied
It is clearfrom the above informationthat peoplewho
are well off: a) read more; b) engage in more sports;
and c) engage in more hobbies. Leisure Leisure's
if it is target-
circulationwill likelyincreasesubstantially
marketedto wealthyyoung and middle-agedpeople
(forsports)and to wealthyolder people (forhobbies).
Sporting goods and hobby supply manufacturers
shouldbe aggressivelyencouragedto take out adver-
tising space in our magazine.Finally,salespersons
would be wiseto highlightour "indoorgames"features
when trying to get older people to take out new
subscri pti ons.
2. Paragraph plan (witness statement)
lntroduction - set the scene
paragraph 2 - descriptionof event,includehypo-
thesisand evidence
Conclusion - final resultsof incident
. informalstylewithoutsub-headings
I was mowing my lawn, just minding my own
businesswhen I saw a man tryingto park his car on
the street.He could have been drunk as he seemed
to be havingtrouble Parking.
A few minuteslaterI hearda loud crashand saw
that the man had reversedintoanothercar. I think he
becameangry,as he got out of his car and began
kickingthe car he'd hit.Anotherman,who must have
been the owner of the car, came runningalong the
street.He was shoutingand screamingso he must
have been very upset.He pushedthe drunk man
away from his car and they startedshouting at each
other.The drunk one punchedthe other man and
they began fighting.
Eventually,lcalledthe policeand we pulledthem
aPart.
3. Paragraph plan (surveY rePort)
paragraph 1 - state purpose and content of report
paragraphs 2, 3 - summary of informationunder
sui tabl esub-headi ngs
Final paragraph - generalconclusion
 Exam Focus: Unit S

. formal style with sub-headingsand subjector main Introduction

h e ading lwas engagedby you to investigatethe servicesand
To: Fred Montague,Editor,The High School Times the facilitiesof the resort.To researchthis report, I
bookeda one-weekstayat PowderMountain,saying
From:XavierPiggott,studentreporter
I was a businessmanon a "workingvacation,"and
Re: Eatinghabitssurvey
told no one about why I was truly there.
Date:October 1996
Accommodation
Introduction
My roomwas comfortablyfurnished witha good bed,
ln Septemberof this year, every studentat Cooper
a dresserand a writingtable.Thetelevision,however,
High School was given a questionnaireabout their
did not givea clearpicture,and althoughI requested
e a t ing habit s . O f a to ta l o f 1 8 3 2 s tu d e n ts ,1 1 09
hotel staff to give me another one, the problem was
responded.The questionsrelatedespeciallyto eat-
not attendedto forthreedays.Nonetheless, the maid
i n g on s c hoolday s , i n c l u d i n gth e ty p e o f fo o d c o n-
servicewas excellent,my room was alwayscleaned
sumed, when eaten,and where purchased.
daily,and the maid was very politeand efficient.
A Popular Canteen
Food
Cooper's canteen is a popular lunch-timeeating
I ate most of my meals at the resort'srestaurant,the
spot. 63% of the respondentsreportedthat they ate
"Alpen-essen".Both the food and the servicewere
there at leastfour days per week. 20% bring a lunch
excellent;I was particularlyimpressedby the well-
to school, 117oeatoffschoolgroundsat restaurants,
stockedwine cellar.
and 6% don't eat lunch at all.
When orderingroom seryice,however,lwas disap-
pointed. The food took at least forty-fiveminutes to
Unhealthy Food Choices
arrive,and was alwayscold.
While m os t s t ude n ts e a t h e a l th y l u n c h e s , th ei r
Bar serviceat the "Schusscafe",it should be said.
snackinghabitsare less wholesome.Of the 46% of
was superb.
studentswho reportedsnacking between classes,
only 10%of these snack on fruit or vegetables.46%
Business Facilities
enjoy chocolate bars or cakes, and 25o/"eat crisps.
Therewas no placeto make photocopiesor send or
87"do, however,eatyoghurtor drinkmilkas a snack.
receivefaxes.Therewas no accessto computers,or
even to a typewriter.I could not make long distance
No Time for Breakfast
callsfrom my room.A businesstraveller,evenwhen
Perhapsthe most surprisingresultof the survey is
on a "workingvacation",needsaccessto thistype of
how few students reported eating breakfast.Only
equipmentand service.
177oeata healthybreakfasteveryday beforeschool,
whileafurtherl07oeatverylittleor eatfoodwhichhas
The Skiing
littlenourishment,eg. a coffeeand a biscuit.
Every day of my stay at the resort, I skied. Although
it was quite crowdedat the weekend,queuesfor the
Conclusion Recommendation
liftsneverexceededten minutes,even on the most
The survey shows that Cooper High is in need of
popul arruns.
some informationabout the importanceof a healthy
On the other hand, skiing instructorswere hard to
diet. A regularcolumn on diet and nutritionin The
find, and there were only four members of the ski
High SchoolTimes would be usefuland worthwhile
patrolvisibleon the slopes.Still,my rentedskis and
for the students.
boots were of excellentquality,and the skiing was
unforgettable.
4. Paragraph Plan (assessing good/bad points)
paragraph 1 - state purpose and content Conclusion
paragraphs 2, 3, 4 - summaryof each point,giving The Powder Mountain Ski Resort deserves high
both positiveand negativeaspects marksfor its bar and restaurant,its maid service,and
Final paragraph - generalassessmentand recom- the design of its rooms (not to mention its great
mendation skiing!)
lmprovementsshouldbe made,however,to itsfacili-
. formalstylewith sub-headingsand subjector main tiesfor business,its room service,telephonesystem,
h e a ding. and attentionto guests'needs;the slopesshouldbe
betterpatrolled,and ski instructionshould be easier
To: Messrs.Kaneand McDuff,Owners,powder
to obtain.
MountainSki Resort
From: LaurenceDawes
Re: Reporton resort'sservices,facilities
Date:January1996

81
Unit 6: Part 1

5. ParagraphPlan (surveYrePort) P unk U npopul ar

Only 7"/"of the respondentssaid that Punk Rock was
Introduction- statepurposeand content their preferredtype of music,althoughit is somewhat
paragraphs2, 3 - summaryof informationunder
more popularin London,and seemsto be undergoing
suitablesub-headings a revivalthere.Thrash,a very high-energy,hard rock
Conclusion- generalconclusion style is the top choice of 4"/"of those surveyed.

formal stylewith sub-headingsand subjector main R & B Remains High on List

heading 23o/oraspondedthat Rhythmand Blues is their favour-
ite music,demonstratingthat this sound has a lasting
To: Sarahvon Klensch,Editor,Boom Boom appeal.1970'sretro,on the other hand, is a preferred
music magazine style of only 10o/oof the club and disco set.
From: Ziggy Zool, researcher
Re: Music PreferencesSurvey The People's Choice
Date: August 1996 Technoand hiphopwould seemto be the kingsof the
dancefloor at present. Over 40"/"of those surveyed
Purpose statedthatthisverydanceablemusicis the best.Other
This reportsets out the resultsof a surveycarriedout types of music which showed up in the resultswere
betweenthe monthsof Mayand August1996.People Reggae(8/"), Triphop (3"/"),and Jungle (4"/").
in clubs and discosaroundEuropewere askedwhat
kindsof musicthey enjoyedmost.Atotalof over2500 Suggested Action Based on Survey Results
peopler es pon d e di n R o m e ,A th e n s ,Be rl i n ,L ondon Boom Boom magazine would be well advised to
and Amsterdamnightspots. increaseitscoverageof Technoand Hiphopartistsand
thei r songs. P ubl i ci si ngthe magazi nei n cl ubs and
discos could also increasecirculation.

Unit 6
Unit6-Part1 VocabularyExercises:Part1 (p. 136'137)

Warm-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 134) 1. smal l -scal e- l i mi ted

to access - to obtain
. blow up - make sth explode
(Suggestedanswer):ln two of the pictures,some-
reactor - central part of nuclear power station
thingis beingblownup andpeoplearebeinginjured.
minimal - very little
The otherpictureis of a gas attack.The man in the
radioactive - containingatoms that give off radiation
pictureis wearinga gas maskso as not to be
breeze - light wind
affectedby the fumes.
fatal - causing death
. exposed - put into contact with sth
(Suggestedanswer) pulmonary - of the lungs
SA: I thinkthatharsherpunishment woulddeter deadly - extremelydangerous
fromcommitting
terrorists crimes. spokesman - personwho speakson behalfof a
SB: Yes.Bettersurveillance is anothersolution.lf company,government etc
therewas moresecurityat airports,then evacuate - to clear a buildingor area becauseof
terroristswouldn'tattemptan attack. danger
SA: That'sright.I wouldneveragreeto meetthe
demandsas thiswouldencourage
terrorists' 2. 1. core 7. surveillance
moreterrorism. etc 2. devastating f. i mpact
3. i ssue 9. prospect
. Warm-upListeningActivity 4. intimidated 10. contamination
5. entrustedwith 11. potenti al l y
1. T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.r
6. i mpl ausi bl e 12. ensued

ReadingTask:Part1 (p. 134-135)

1. A 2.E 3.8 4.H 5.F 6.C

82
 Unit6: Part2

3. (Ss shou/d memorise fhese text-relatedcollocations . (T refersSs fo Ex.5 if necessary.)

and expressions.T checks in the nert lesson.)
1. assassination 4. bombi ng
1. d et ailed 8. to re s u l t 2. chemicalattack 5. ki dnappi ng
2. m inim al 9. a n th ra x 3. biologicalwarfare 6. hi j acki ng
3. p owers t at ion 10. deadly
4. to wit hs t and 11 . i n te n s e (Suggested answer)
5. airborne 12. to focus I was standingat the frontof the crowd,outsidethe
6. to m inim is e 13. to g e t conferencebuilding, hoping to see a famous face.
7. s ign 14. s u rv e i l l a n c e SuddenlyI saw the presidentstridingquicklyup to the
podi umset up underneaththe huge arch of the main
4 . 1 . hijac k 3. p u ri fi c a ti o n 5 . g u n entrance.The presidentbegan speaking,surrounded
2 . k illed 4. p a c i fi s t 6 . fi tl by hi s bodyguards.
Severalfilmcrewsrushedup the wide marblesteps
5. (lf Ss have difficulg with any unknown words, T shoutd to fi l m hi s hi stori cspeech,but suddenl ythe sound o f
explain these in Ss' native language if necessary). gunfire drowned out all other noises.Two gunmen,
1. b hiddenamongstthecameramen,riddledthe president
2.d 3.e 4.a 5.f 6.c
and those standingnearbywith bullets.
6. 1. Afterthat, all hell broke lose.The gunmen rushed
ris e 5. c i ti z e n 9 . p o s s i b i l i ty
towardsme, wavingtheirguns at the crowd. I realised
2. measures 6. sentences 1 0 . s u rv e i l l a n ce
that everyone else was moving aside or throwing
3. adopt ed 7. d e te rmi n e d
themselvesto the ground. The terroristsrushed into
4. i m pos e B. commit
the gap in the crowd,passingon eithersideof me, and
measures against terrorism: tmpose strict govern- beforeany policearrivedthey were long gone.
ment control, longer prison sentencesfor convicted I don't thinkthat I'veeverbeen so scaredin my life,
terrorists,increasesecurityand surveillancein public and I doubt I ever will be again.
places
Grammarcheck:Part 1 (p. 132)
7. 1. cons t ant ly 6. undetectable
2. assassination 7. explosives 2. been 7. had 12. shal l
3. sophisticated 8. growth 3. will L is 13. ,/
4. tec hnologic al 9. poisonous 4. being 9. been 14. has
5. developments 10. h o rri fy i n g 5. was/eat 10. being 15. will
6. ,/ 11 . does
8 . 1 . fear 4 . d re a d 7 . a l a rm
2. Horrorof horrors 5 . fe a r 8. panic
3. terror 6. panic
Unit6-Part2

Follow-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 197) Warm-upActivities:Part2 (p. 138)

(Suggested answers)
1. The forms of terrorismmentionedin the text are
bombing, assassination,the poisoning of water
su pplies ,t he us e o f n u c l e a rw e a p o n s ,h i j a c k i n g,
the crashing of an aircraftinto a nuclear power
plant, biologicalwarfareand the use of chemical
weapons.
2. Peoplewronglyfear that terroristswill use nuclear
weaponsor poiso nw a te rs u p p l i e s .
3. The real thing to fear is that terroristswill take
advantage of already existing technology - for
e xam ple,by c r as h i n ga p l a n ei n to a n u c l e a rp l a nt
- and so cause destructionon a massivescale.
4. Surveillance
systemsare installed,staffaretraineo
to recognisesuspicioussmellsand acts,and places
likenuclearpowerplantsarewell-protected
so that
terroristacts will not be effective.
5 . l f we allow our s e l v e sto b e i n ti mi d a te dth, e n th e
terroristshave achievedtheir goal by making us
feel insecureand mistrustfulof our own govern-
m ent .
. (Suggested answers)
In the first picture,a man is undergoingacupuncture
treatment.This is a form of alternativehealingwhich
many peoplesay is very effective.The other pictureis
of a rnan doing some exercise.I think it might be for
healthreasons.In the third picturethere is a building
w hi ch l ooks l i ke i t coul d be i n C hi na.I thi nk that the
types of therapyare relatedto China.I think the text
might be about a Chineseform of therapeutichealing.
. (Suggested answers)
Yes, I try to take regularexercise,becauseI think it is
very importantto keep yourselfhealthyand fit. Many
people who don't exercise often suffer from heart
problemsand otherhealthproblems.Exerciseisfun as
well, and it makes you feel good about yourself.

B3
Unit6: Part2

. Warm-upListeningActivitY 7. 1. treatment 5. meditative 9. straightening

2. di fferent 6. si mP l Y 10. rebuilding
1. oriental 4. stress 7. obesity 3. vari ous 7. sui tabl e
2. postures 5. energy 8. airstewardess 4. healthy 8. corrective
3. halfan hour 6. illness 9. prolong
8. 1. transpl ant,di agnosed
ReadingTask: Part 2 (p. 138-139) 2. headache,runny,flu
3. spots,measl es,chi cken-P ox
7 . A ( Ln 1- 2) 1 0 . B ( L n3 0 ) 1 3 .B ( 1 n 4 6 ) 4. mumps,symptoms
8 . B ( L n8 - 1 0 ) 11 . C (L n 3 6 -3 7 ) 5. cure, fatal
9. C (Ln13-15) 12. C (Ln a0) 6. rabi es
7. al l ergy,sneezi ng
VocabularyExercises:Part2 (p. 140'141)
9. 1. panti ng 2. hi ccuP s 3. gasping
1. shiver - to shake with fear (or cold)
gentle - not demandingor stressful Follow-upActivities:Part2 (p. 141)
oriental - from the Far East
postures - set body Positions (Suggestedanswers)
circulation - blood flowinground the body I knowof acupuncture,whichinvolvesstickingneedles
deficient - lackingin something
intovariouspartsof the body to relievestress.Hypno-
obesity - conditionof being extremelyoverweight
tism and aromatherapyare also forms of alternative
modifications - changes
medicine.I think that they definitelywork, but only if
swellings - painfullumps on the surfaceof the body you believein them enough to take them seriously.
traces - signs or marks of something
motivation - the reasonfor wantingto do something
Qigong is an excellentway of treatingdisease.lt
consistsof a system of meditativeexerciseswhich
2. (Note:"suggesfedthatshe start..."sfarfis subiunctive)
involvestandingin variousposturesfor halfan hourper
1. immunesystem 6. endorse day, and carryingout simple movementsand breath-
2. vigorous 7. sap ing exercises.Quigong reducesstress,improvescir-
3. miraculous 8. Acupuncture culation,and helpsstrengthenthe immunesystem.So
4. insomnia 9, subsequently far it has been used mainly to treat minor ailments,
5. stimulates 10. ailments asthma,i nsomni a,rheumati s mand
such as al l ergi es,
obesity.However,it has also been successfulin treat-
3. (Ss shou/d memorise fhese brt-related collocations ing cancer.
and expressions.T checks in the next lesson).
I suffer from asthma,and as a resultI'm nearlyalways
1. t o f eel 8. to achieve
out of breath.I've tried lots of differentforms of treat-
2. to build 9. to grow
mentwithoutsuccess.So whenthe doctor suggested
3. conventional 10. to s tre n g th e n
Qigong, I thought l'd give it a try. I was amazedat the
4. t o pr olong 11. m e d i ta ti v e
results,and felt much better almost immediately.I
5. to stimulate 12. healthcare
would recommend Qigong to anybody who has
6. to alleviate 13. to sound
healthproblems:it may sound improbable,but it really
7. to cut
works.
4. conventionalmedicine:radiotherapy, chemotherapy,
injections,steroidcreams,blood tests,tooth GrammarCheck:Part2 (p. 141)
extraction,X-ray,surgery,transplants
2./ 7. / 12. and
alternativemedicine: herbalism,aromatherapy,
meditation,homeopathy,acupuncture,yoga 3. more B. like 13. to
4. other 9. as 14. same
5. 1. d 4. 1 7. k 10. e 5. the 10. more 15. many
2.h 5.f 8.a 11. g 6, more 11. does
3.b 6.c 9.i 12. j

6 . 1. deteriorate 3 . ta b l e t 5 . injection
2. diagnos is 4. specialist 6 . a m b u l ance

84
 Unit 6: Part3

Unit6-Part3

Warm-upActivities:Part3 (p. 142)

(Suggestedanswers)
' Twoof the picturesshowhousesbuiltunderthe earth.Thethirdpictureis of a housebuiltin the openair.Thetext
maybe aboutvarioustypesof dwellings.
(Tdrawsa spidergramon the boardand elicitsfromSs varioustypesof dwetlingsas we1as their features.)

isolated traditional
luxurious
spacious exPensiveluxurious
historical
private
DETACHED
HOUSE spacious
expensiveto
garden private modern maintain
solitary secure
cosy
DWELLING
reasonably
priced
no garden
norsy

l ow cei l i ngs
small rooms
ol d
traditional
low/highrent thatched roof

lots of flats SEMI-DETACHED

HOUSE
many floors no individuality
no garden garden
centrallylocated lack of family-sized
pnvacy modern
Livingundergroundwould be quiet,but strange.Therewould be no sunlight,althoughtherecould be plentyof room.
I would considerit, but only if the house was comfortableand well-constructed,
otherwisedamp could be a real
p ro b l em .

They could be builtunderground,underthe sea or possiblyon platformsin the sea.They could also be builtin outer
spaceor on otherplanets.

Warm-upListeningActivity
1. overpopulation 3. 75/" 5. depression 7. aromas 9. space
2. heat 4. evil 6. sounds B. supermarkets 10. attractive

ReadingTask:Part3 (p. 142-143) VocabularyExercises:Part3 (p. 144-145)

14. E 16. H 18. F 2 0 .G 1. appeal to - to be attractiveto
15. I 17. B 19.A overpopulation - state created by there being too
many people in an area
fragile - easilydamaged
marks - indicates
subterranean- the part of the earthwhich is under-
ground
experienced - felt

B5
Unit6: Part3

depression - feelingof prolonged,extremesadness 7. 1. . . .t a k e sa f t e r. . .

mud-stone - a mixtureof clay and rock 2. ...took off from the runw aY...
submerged - put completelyunder or into sth 3. ...to be taken i n at ...
forcing - making sb do sth they don't want to do 4. ...w as taken aback ...
short-term - of sth which only takes a shotl period 5. . . . p l a n n i n gt o t a k e u P . . .
of time to happen 6. . . .t o o k o v e r . . .
7. . . .t o o k t o h e r . . .
2. f . imposed 5. incarceration 9. rotating
2. hostility 6. shaft 10. dizzy Follow-upActivities:Part3 (p. 145)
3. equate 7. cavern
4. combat 8. excavate (T elicitsinformationfrom Ss and fillsin the table on the
board. Then, Ss /ook at the table and talk about living
3. (Ssshou/d memorise fhese text-relatedcollocations or underground.)
expresslons.f checks in the nexf /esson.,)
Advantages: cheap to heat, doesn't harm environ-
1. high speed 5. to raise 9. above ment, less noisy,savesspace,citiesmore attractive
2. t o dis t ur b 6. fra g i l e 10. re g u l a ti ons Disadvantages:associatedwith evil,people get
3. f inanc ial 7. expands 11. a s tu d Y depressedand stressed
4. low 8. long-term 12. to mark Solutions: rotating prismsreflectsunlightdown shafts,
"spacecreationsystems"which mix light,sounds,
4 . a ) 1. f lat 3. l a n d l o rd 5 . o w n e rs breezesand aromasfrom outsideworld
2. tenant 4. p re m i s e s 6 . l o d g e rs
b) 1. barracks 2. i n h a b i ta n ts 3 . re fu g e (Suggestedanswer)
c) 1. s helt er 3. re s i d e
4. housing On one hand l i vi ng undergroundi s a good i d ea.
2. dweller s
Undergroundhouses are cheaper to heat and less
noisy. Buildingundergrounddoesn't affectthe envi-
5 . (Ss do the Exerciseon their own. While T checks
ronment.On the other hand people"fear"the subter-
themeaningsof each
answers,helsheelicitslexplains
ranean and get depressedif they stay there for too
distractor.)
long. Despitethis fact there are solutions.Let's take
1. B 2.A 3.c 4.D 5.8 6.B 7.4 into account the fact that sunlightcan be reflected
underground,and sounds and smel l scan be re cr e-
6 . (T goes through the cues and explainsany unknown ated,Morespacei s needed,so bui l di ngundergro und
words to Ss, then helshe asks Ss fo give sentences may be the sol uti on.
comparing the two types of dwellings using linking
words. Then, Ss prepare their monologues on their (Suggestedanswers)
own. T asks some Ss fo report to the c/ass.) Transport - overhead railways,private helicopters,
(Suggested answer) fewer cars, use of more environmentally-friendly
vehiclesetc.
The first picture is of a castle,while the second
pictureis of some high-riseblocks of flats in a city.A Food - food tablets,peoplewon't eat meat etc.
Education- robotsinsteadof teachers,freeeducation
flat would have the advantagesof being close to the
for everyone,more specialisededucation,learning
city centre,near publictransport,and it would be
through computers,pupils won't write anything on
fittedwith modernconveniences.However,you would
papersi ncethey' l lbe usi ngthei rcomputers, et c
not havea garden,and therewouldbe a lackof privacy.
Fami l y- smal l erfami l i es,chi l dren' supbri ngi ngfi n an-
It might also be very noisy and stressful.
ciallysupportedby the state, etc
Livingin a castlewould be nice. Becauseit would
be in the countryside,the lifestylewould be relaxed,
and the air would be much fresherthan in the city. A GrammarGheck:Part3 (P. 145)
castlewould probablyalsohavepicturesquegrounds.
The disadvantagesof livingin a castleare that it might 2.a 6.A 10.,/ 1 4 .a
be lonelyand isolated.A castleis rathercold, damp, 3.a 7. an 1 1 .a 1 5 ./
and expensiveto maintain.lt could also be haunted! 4.a B. ./ 12.,/
s./ 9. an 1 3 .a

86
 Unit6: Part4

Unit6-Part4

Warm-upActivities:Part4 (p. 140)

. (Suggestedanswers)
(T drawsthe followingspidergramon the boardand eticitsfrom Ss wordsrelevantto thetheme"ships"./

port fishingboat
quay
harbour steamboat
ferryboat
dock yacht

hovercraft
jetty
anchorage cruiser

captain
sink sailor
fish
engrneer
float navigator
crurse
capsrze oar
tie-up rudder
mast
propeller
E Q U IPME N T
radar
anchor
radio

You could find all sorts of things on a sunkenship such as coins,jewellery,armour,guns, cannons,any type of
cargo,and even dead bodies.
(Suggestedanswer): Thereare picturesof ships sunk or capsized.There'salso the pictureof a submarine.May-
be the captainmade a mistake,or therewere rocks or icebergsand the ships hit them. Bad weatherusuallycauses
shipwreckstoo.
(Suggested answer): The Titanicwas a big ship. lt sank on its maiden voyage because it hit an iceberg. Lots of
rich people were on it and hardlyanyone survived.
Warm-up Listening Activity
1. May 3. Americans 5. survived 7. submarine g. 800 11. 1963
2. 1,200 4. 1912 6. jewels 8. 84 10. gol d coi ns 12. 8,500

ReadingTask:Part4 (p. 146-147) VocabularyExercises:part 4 (p. 149)

21,22.A, C (inanyorder) 1. outrage- extremeanger
23,24.B, D (inanyorder) torpedoed- attackedwithundenarater missiles
25.D unarmed- withoutweapons
26.B remote-controlled - directedfroma distance
27.C maidenvoyage- firstvoyage
28. B maritime- of the sea
29,30.A, E (inanyorder) submersible- a craftthatcan go undenrvater
31,32.A, B (inanyorder) artifacts- man-madearchaeological treasures
33,34,35.A, D, E (inanyorder) detonators- deviceusedto set off bombs
fate - futurewhichcannotbe controlled
obliteration- totaldestruction
naval- havingto do witharmedseaforces
flagship- the bestand mostpowerful shipin a fleet
fleet- groupof ships

87
ExamFocus;Unit6

consignment - load of goods for delivery Luckily,I got into a lifeboat,but many people
hoard - collectionof valuablethings didn't.We driftedfor hours on the cold watersof the
loot - money or valuableitems obtainedby sb Atlantic.Sharkswere around us' I was scared' Still,I
incomprehensible- impossibleto understand believed I would be saved and kept praying. We
sprung a leak - developeda hole where water, etc decidedto let off a flareto attractattentionand we were
can enter lucky to be spotted by a ship. When we saw it ap-
imploded - fell violentlyinwardsunder pressure proaching us we couldn't believe it was true. Even
when we got on the ship'sdeck we hardlybelievedwe
2.1.e 4. m 7. g 1 0 .f 13.i had been rescued.
2. b 5.a B.l 11.d I could nevergo on a boat again now: I still have
3.h 6.k 9.c 12. j nightmaresabout it all the time. I don't think I will ever
be able to swim again either.
3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise these text- . (Note: T refersSs to p.50 S's Book for relevanttheory
related collocationsand expressions.f checks in the on factual reports)
nexf /esson.)
1. unprovoked 7. sea ExamFocus- Useof English:Unit6 (p.149)
2. to seton B, major
3. disaster 9. crew Part 2
4. heavy 10. to c h e c k
5. to runon to 11. to experience 1. up 6. who 11' was
6. deep 12. maiden 2. w i th 7. are 12. bei n g
3. out B. for 13. on
4 . 1 . m anager 3. yacht 5. sergeant 4. what/whatever 9. bY 14' taken
2. runway 4. attic 5. have 10. onl Y /sol e 15. bee n

5. 1. sinking 5. fl a re 9 . e me rgency
rations
Part3
2. life-jackets 6. adrift
3. drowned 7. spotted 10. wreck
1. ... are out of fashi on...
4. survivors 8. rescueteam
2. ... approveof her staY i ng...
9. signal 3. . . . i n c a s ey o u n e e d . . .
6. 1. embark 5. destination
1 0 . s e a s i ck 4. ... spend C hri stmasby hersel f...
2. anc hor 6. radar
5. ... slowly did the trafficmove ...
3. port 7. lifeboats
6. ...w as made to w ai t ...
4. en route 8. crew
7. ... enj oyedoursel ves...
8. . . .p u t u P w i t hs u c h . . .
Follow-upActivities:Part4 (p. 148) 9. . . . I w e r ey o u , l w o u l d . . .
10. . . .d o e s n ' tm i n d b e i n ga s k e d. . .
(Suggestedanswers):I'd liketo diveto a sunkenship
to find treasure,but you might find dead bodiestoo! Prepositions
S t ill,I t hink it wo u l d b e a th ri l l i n ge x p e ri e n c e .
1. on 6. of 11. on
(Suggested answer) 2. in 7. on 12. from
3. in 8. to 13. on
Your name:
4. on 9. on 14. with/to
Age:
Ship's name: Titanic 5. w i th 10, from
D at e: 10 J uly 19 1 2(i n fo rma ti osnu p p l i e db y T )
Destination:New York City ExamFocus- Listening:Unit6 (p. 150)
What happened: hit an iceberg- three hourslaterthe
ship had disappeared. Part 2
How I survived: got in a lifeboat- we driftedfor hours
- rescuedby ship. 9. sees their picture
How I feel now: nightmares- can't go on a boat. 10. they/theirfaces change
11. t h e m i s s i n gc h i l d
I remember that fateful day as though it were
12. other familymembers
yesterday.lt was 10 July, 1912.We were headingfor
13. family features/characteristics
New York City and having a really nice time when
14. on the computerscreen
suddenlywe hearda strangesound.The boat had hit
15. a young chi l d/baby
an ic eber g. W ep a n i c k e da n d s ta rte dru n n i n gup and
16. the naturalprocess
down the deck tryingto saveourselves.The boat sank
17. o l d e rc h i l d
in less than three hours.
18. hai rstyl e

88

Part 2
You will hear a computer artist giving a tatk about
pictures of missing people. For questions9 to 1g,
c omp Iete the notes whic h summarise what the sp eaker
says.
Speaker,'One of the most difficultjobs for the police is
lookingfor people.Once they havefollowedup allthe
informationthey have,thereis reallyonlyone thing left.
Pictures.By showingpicturesto the public,they hope
that someone will report the missing person. Now,
people can go missingfor years and then be found,
often as a result of someone seeing their picture
somewhere.But in the caseof missingchildrenthings
arevery different.You see,parentsalmostalwayshave
re centphot ogr aphso f th e i rc h i l d .B u t c h i l d re na g e ...
and a pictureof a two-year-oldis not much use when
the child is still missingyears later.But now there is a
processof producingimagesof childrenas theywould
probably lookyearsaftertheyhavegone missing.This
is how it works.
Computerartistsreceivea photographwhichclearly
shows the featuresof the child,taken as recentlyas
possiblebeforehe or she disappeared.photographs
are also neededof the rest of the family- the parents,
and any brothersor sisters.The computerartiststhen
examine the photographslookingfor familylikenesses
- featuressuch as eyes,nose, bone structures,charac-
teristics which are inherited.They put the child's
photographinto a computer,and it prints it onto the
screen.The screenis dividedintogrids or squares,so
that they can focus on smallpartsof the picture.They
then changethe picture- stretchit, enlargeand move
tiny partsin the sameway that the child'sface ages as
the child grows.
The nextthing is to add those specialcharacteris-
tics that were found in the other photographsof the
family.As you've probablyseen, it's difficultto see a
family likenessin a baby, but much easierin an
older child - or, of course,an adult.All these develop-
ments happen naturallyas the child grows.The
computercan performthe sameprocesson the screen
and producean accuratepictureof the olderchild.The
pictureis shownin publicplaces,in newspapers,or on
te l e v is ion.
It is a reliableprocess and there are more suc-
cesseseveryyear.Somethingthat does make things
more difficultis the way the child might be wearinghis
or her hair.Stylesmake such a differenceto a face -
and a very short style,for example,can make a child
much more difficultto recognise.But for the most
part,childrenfound throughthis processlook remark-
a b l y sim ilart o t heirc o m p u te ri m a g e .
ExamFocus:Unit6
ExamFocus- Speaking:UnitO (p. 151)
Part 3
(Suggestedanswers)
SA; For a broken leg, I'd recommenda plastercast.
This isn't the sort of thing that can be cured by alter-
nativemedicine.
SB.'Yes.You mightneedan anaestheticforthepainas
well.Forbackache,I'd recommendyoga,becauseit's
very relaxing,and good for your postureand blood
ci rcul ati on.
SA; Acupuncture is good for allergies, and so is
Qi gong.I don' t thi nk conventi onal medi ci nehel ps
these at all.
SB; For asthma, you can use an inhaler,which is
conventional. You couldalsouseherbalremedies, and
breathingexercises,such as yoga.
SA; For Insomnia you could drink soothing herbal
teas, such as camomiletea.
SB; Yes. You could also take sleepingtablets,or do
relaxationexercises,such as meditation.
SA; Forflu you needto take lotsof vitaminC and drink
lots of liquids.There is no other treatment.
SB;Yes.Forstress lwould recommendmeditation,as
it is supposedto be very relaxing.
SA; Aromatherapywould be the best alternativemedi-
cine for someonewith headaches.lt would also
help somebodywith a cough.
SB; Yes. Conventionalmedicinesfor those would be
cough-syrupand aspirins.
Part 4
(Suggested
answers)
SA; One advantageof alternativetherapiesis that they
are a completelynaturalway to treat illnesseswith-
out usi ngdrugs.
SB; Yes, but they can be very expensivecompared to
just going to see your doctor.
SA; That'strue, but lthink that most peopleare willing
to pay extrawhen it comes to their health.
SB.'Yes,you're right,and I think it's worth it.
SA..I think I would like to try an alternativemethod of
treatmentbecause I've heard so much about things
like acupunctureand yoga.
SB.'Yes,I would too. I'm very curiousto see for myself
if these therapiesreallywork.
SA,'I've heard of homeopathicmedicine,shiatsuand
heal i ngusi ngthe hands.
SB.' Yes, I've heard of those and also hypnotherapy
and hydrotherapy.
SA; I thinkthat alternative therapieswill becomemore
widely used in the future becausepeoplewill startto
believein them more than they do now.
SB,'I agree, I think that it will be proved that they work
just as well as conventionaltreatmentsfor most ill-
NCSSES.
89
ExamFocus;Unit6

a MatchWillNeverbe
titles:Watching
ExamFocus- Writing:Unit6 (P.152) book;suggested
Dangerous SpectatorSport?
the Sameor Football:
The second extractuses more formal language.
whereas 3. 1. However;to makecontrastingpoints
The secondarticleincludesimpersonalstyle,
2. A majoradvantageof; to list advantages
the first includes personal style, (eg. you have of
3. Moreover;to add morepointson a topic
cour s e,hav ey ou e v e r ...).
Both articlesare about the OlympicGames.
4. To sumup;to conclude
5. to makecontrastingpoints
Despite;
The words in the headlinesare not included in the
extracts. ParagraphPlan
The first extract must be taken from a light-hearted Paragraph1: statetoPic
newspaperlmagazine(school / or local newspaperi Paragraph2: advantages
magazine) Paragraph3: disadvantages
The second extract must be taken from a serious Finalparagraph:
opinionwithoutusingpersonalwords
newspaper/magazine. or expressions.
1. 1. b 2.e 3.a 4.d 5.c
4. ParagraphPlan
Extension activity Paragraph1: statetoPic
(After completing Ex 1 T should ask Ss to look at the Paragraph2: arguments for
headlines and judging from their level of formality, Paragraph3: arguments against
decide whether the article would be formal or /ess Finalparagraph:
opinionwithoutusingpersonalwords
formal.) or expressions.
a. formal c. lessformal e. lessformal (Suggestedanswer)
b. lessformal d. formal
Firstparagraph:
2. 1. D formal style;techniquesused: lt startswith a Mostpeoplehavebecomesousedto owninga carthat
problemwhich needs a solution(firstpara- they cannotimaginewhat lifewouldbe likewithout
graph),it summarisesopinion(lastparagraph); one.Yet,whenone considers the damagingeffects
it uses "providing solutions"paragraph plan carshave on the it becomesquestion-
environment,
from p. 100 in the S's book; suggestedtitles: ablewhetherwe shouldconsiderthema necessityor
Recycling:Stepping-Stoneto Saving Earthor a harmfulluxury.
ProtectOur Environment- Recycle!
2 . B f or m als t y l e ;te c h n i q u euss e d :s ta tea fi rm opi n- Last paragraph:
ion (firstparagraph),statea personalopinion intoaccount,carsarewithoutdoubt
Takingeverything
(last paragraph); use "expressingopinions" andthismeans
wayof travelling
the mostconvenient
paragraphplan from p. 100 in the S's book;
that,despitethe harmfuleffectthey can haveon the
suggestedtitles:Jobs for the Handicappedor andthecostsinvolved, theyarelikelyto
environment,
Give the HandicaPPeda Break. remainpopularuntil a more attractivealternative is
3. F formalstyle;techniquesused: startwith a quo- available,
tation (firstparagraph),state a personal
opinion (last paragraph);use "discursivees- 5. Should the Sport of Hunting be Completely
says" paragraphplan from p. 100 in the S's Banned?
book;suggestedtitles:Hunting- ViciousSport?
or ls K illin ga SP o rt? The sport of huntingis a topic which animalrights
4. A formalstyle;techniquesused:startwith rhetori- activists and hunters have been debating for many
cal question(firstparagraph),gives opinion years.The former stressthe crueltyof killinganimals
(lastparagraph);use "expressingopinions" for sport,whereasthe latterarguethat it does not have
paragraphplan from p. 100 in the S's book; any negativeeffectson the naturalenvironment.
suggestedtitles:Too Much LeisureTime? In the first place,a total ban on huntingwould not
or Need for LeisureTime - Just an Excuse? be beneficial,as hunters'groups and clubs actually
5. C lessformalstyle;techniquesused:addressthe protectendangeredspeciesby financiallysupporting
reader directly (firstparagraph),end with a the preservationof wetlands.
quotation(lastparagraph);use "advantages/ Moreover,legallyallowinghuntingduring particu-
disadvantages"paragraphplan from p. 100 lar times of the year preventsthe overpopulationof
in the S's book; suggestedtitles:Women on certainspecies.lt alsogivesthe animalsthe chanceto
the Riseor CapableWomen. breed and let their offspringreachadulthood,thus
6. E lessformalstyle;techniquesused: make refer- restrictingthe threatof extinction.
ence to a strangescene (firstparagraph), Besides,the naturalfood chain is also protected
state a personalopinion (lastparagraph)use and controlledbyallowingcertainanimalstobe hunted
" pr ov idin gs o l u ti o n s "fro m p . 1 0 0 i n th e S ' s and killedby others.

90
 ExamFocus:Unit6

Opponentsof this view stronglyargueagainstthis (Suggested answers)

activity,questioningwhether it is a sport at all. They
1. DriversTrapped in TrafficNightmare
opposeit on the groundsthat it is an aggressive,cruel,
pointlessactivity;it may have been vital for man,s 2. Coach Crash ClaimsBritishHolidaymakers
survivalmany yearsago, they argue,but now such a 3. FuriousFarmersBlock Roads in Protest
need does not exist. 4. Two Drown in BoatingTragedy
All things considered, before deciding to com- Paragraph Plan
pletelyban hunting,one must take into account the
1. B Paragraph 1: summaryof event
positiveaspects of organised,controlledand legal
Main body: descriptionof main event(s),
hunting.In additionto the pleasurehuntersenjoywhen
and people involved
tracking game in the great outdoors,conscientious
Final paragraph: comments
huntingcould actuallybe doing naturesome good.
2. D Paragraph 1: summaryof event
6 . co rre c t or der : 1. C, 2 . B, 3 . A, 4 . D
Main body: descriptionof main event(s),
paragraph 1: statesname and locationof place,and and people involved
reasonsfor choosingit Final paragraph: comments
paragraphs 2-3: describes particulardetails of the
place and explainshow to spend free time there 3. A Paragraph 1: summaryof event
Finalparagraph:expressesfeelingsand finalthoughts Main body: descriptionof main event(s),
about the place and gives a recommendation and people involved
7. Purpose of each Paragraph: Final paragraph: comment,referenceto
futuredevelopments
Paragraph1: statesthe nameand locationof the place
and the reasonsfor choosingit. 4. C Paragraph 1: summaryof event
Paragraphs 2-3: describes particulardetails of the Main body: descriptionof main event(s),
place,such as sightsto see and givesthe readerideas and people involved
of how to spend one's free time there. Final paragraph: comment,referenceto
Final paragraph:concludesthe essayby expressing futuredevelopments
feelingsand finalthoughtsabout the place.
Words used to describe the place: breathtaking Style used in each:
sight, canals lap gently; fragrant aroma of roasting 1. formal 3. lessformal
b a n anas ;dogs bar k ;b i rd ss i n g ; s n a k e sh i s s 2. formal 4. lessformal
8. (Before doing Ex. I T should refer Ss fo relevant theory
1. seriousnewspaperlmagazine
on p. 152 in fhe S's Book.)
2. seriousnewspaperlmagazine
(Suggested answers) 3. lessseriousnewspaper/magazine
(local/school
1. Fire Departmentto Give Tips to Kids newspaper or magazine)
2. Refugeesto Get Aid 4. lessseriousnewspaper/magazine
3. Man Sues FactoryOver Pollution
4. ThirstyNewtoniansSuffer 3,4 + includedramaticlanguage(angryfarmers,
5. AuthoritiesSearchfor MissingCaptain deadlocked negotiations,blackcloudof
6. Blast lnvestigated sadness, etc.)
7. Woman Dead Due to Neglect 1, 2 + includeformallanguage(facingtrafficjam,
8. Storm DrownsSailor up to eightmileslong,delayswereunavoid-
9. TreasuresTaken in MuseumTheft able,authoritieshaverefusedto say,bus
10. Reques ft or K ids was not fittedwith safetyfeatures,etc.)

9. (Tshould point outto Ss thaf when writing a newsarticle, 10. 1. before 3. W hi l e 5. by the time
the last paragraph includes comments from peopte 2. first 4. immediately 6. Meanwhile
involved in the incident, andlor references to future
developments.Examplesof dramatic language can be Extension Activity
found rn /ess serious newspapersand magazines.ln (AfterSscomplete Exercise10, T can askSs aboutthe
fhis case, the writer includes both facts and hislher styleand the paragraph plan of the articte. The styteis
personal feelings. Therefore,emotional vocabulary is formalsrnce it does not include examples of drama-
used.) tic language and an advanced levet of vocabutaryis
used, e.g. was evacuated,one injury was reported,
r '1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C the alarm was raised,routine maintenancecheck.
etc.)

91
ExamFocus: Unit 6
11 . M odelB c ould be i n c l u d e di n a s c h o o l /l o c anl e ws-
, d e lA i s m o re fo rm a l ;
p a peror m agaz i n e Mo
Model A reportsonlYthe facts.
12. 1. T
2.7
3.7
(An afticlemay starl with a quotation.)
4. F
5.7
6. F (Thefinalparagraph of a newsreportincludes
referenceto futuredevelopmentsas well as
commentsor quotesfrom the PeoPle
involved.)
7, T
1 3 . 1 . P ar agr aphP l a n (Su g g e s ti o n s /So l u ti o nsto
p ro b l e m)
Paragraph 1: statethe Problem
Paragraph 2: suggestion1 and reason
Paragraph 3: suggestion2 and reason
Paragraph 4: suggestion3 and reason
Final paragraph:writer'sopinion based on
points alreadymentioned
Fight the Flames
Every year we see the destructionof countless
forestsand theirwildlifeas a resultof forestfireswhich
could have and should have been prevented.How-
ever, year after year forests continue to go up in
flames adding to the problemsof widescaledefor-
estation and the greenhouse effect. Fortunately
though,thereare severalsolutionswhich could lead
to a huge reductionin the number of forestfires.
Oddlyenough,the peoplewho usuallystartforest
fires don't even mean to. They do this by dropping
cigarettesor leavingcamp fires unattendedwithout
c ons ider ing t he c o n s e q u e n c e sF. o rth i s p ro b l e mw e
should startby tryingto raisepublicawareness.For
examplethe forestrycommissioncould put up more
s ignswar ningpe o p l eo f th e d a n g e rso f s mo k i ngor
lightingfiresin forestsand placeheavyfineson those
who do not obey th e s ew a rn i n g s S . i mi l a rl yth e g ov-
e r nm entc ould fu n d a d v e rti s i n gc a m p a i g n su r gi ng
peopleto protecttheircountry'sforests.Furthermore
schoolscouldteachchildrenfrom an earlyage about
the damage caused bY forestfires.
Anothersuggestionis to increasethe punishment
for arsonists.This would hopefully result in their
thinkingtwice beforedeliberatelysettingfireto trees.
Finallythe governmentshouldincreasefundingto
the fire service.Consequentlyspecialwatercarrying
aeroplanescould be boughtto transpoftlargeloads
of waterto forestfireswhereit can be quicklydepos-
ited.
By putting into effect these solutionswe stand a
good chanceof helpingnot only to save our forests
but alsoto reducethe amountof carbondioxidein the
atmosphereand as a consequencelay the way for a
polIution-freefuture.
92
2. Paragraph plan (for and against article)
Paragraph 1: statetoPic
Paragraph 2: advantages
Paragraph 3: disadvantages
Fi nal paragraph:expressopi ni onw i thoutusi ng
personalwords or exPressions.
A Worthwhile Challenge
How many of you have browsedthroughthe "em-
ploymentabroad" section of the newspaperwithout
wonderingwhat it would be like to work in another
country?Surelynot many. Howeverit is most impor-
tant for anyonewho is seriouslycontemplatingsuch a
move to consider not only the advantages,but the
stressfactorsas well.
Workingabroadis a greateducationalexperience.
It is the bestway to get to knowthe peopleand culture,
of a country,Traditionsand customswill be learned
and evenpractisedif you staylong enough.In addition
to this, you will have the opportunityto familiarise
yourselfwith the new cuisine,music and entertain-
ment, not to mentionthe fact that if you are interested
in history,you can use your freetime to see the sights
and visit museums. Lastly,practisingthe language
daily is the best way to becomefluent.
On the other hand, being a strangeramong stran-
gerscan be quitestressfulforsome.Tryingto get used
to the currency,languageand culture,can be rather
confusing at first.Furthermore,people'sattitudesabout
certainbeliefsor habitsmay seem strangeto you.You
must be carefulso as notto findyourselfin an awkward
position.Also,you may insultor be insultedby certain
gestureswhich vary from cultureto culture.
Allthingsconsideredhowever,livingabroadoffers
a uniqueexperienceand opportunityto experiencea
differentway of lifeand learnthingswhich you simply
could not learnjust by readinga book or the advert-
ismentsin a newspaper.
3. Paragraph plan (express opinion)
Paragraph 1: stateyour opinion clearly
P aragraph2: fi rstpoi ntsupporti ngyour opi ni on
P aragraph3: secondpoi nt supporti ngyour opi nion
Final paragraph: restateyour opinion
Stay in School
A shockinglyhigh percentageof young peopleare
leavingschool beforecompletingeven their second-
ary education.Thisthreatensto reducethe numberof
qualifiedworkers,which will only harm the economy.
Somethingmust be done to encourageour youth to
stay in school,and out of trouble.
In the first place, students must be taught the
realitiesof the modernjob marketwhilethey are stillin
school.Once they learnabout the possibilityof being
unemployedthat awaits them, perhapsthey will re-
mai n i n school .
Secondly,unemployedschool-leavers should be
giventhe option to participatein government-run
trainingprogrammes.School-leavers representa huge
amount of potentiallabour;this workforceshould be
used to its full caPacitY.
 Unit 7: Part 1

In conclusion,it appearsthat unlessgovernments,schooladministrators

and industrywork togetherto solvethe
problemof the increasingnumberof earlyschool-leavers,steadyeconomicgrowthwill not continue.Whileusingthe
programmessuggestedhere would be costly,doing nothingwould be costlierin the long run.

Unit 7
UnitT-Partl
2. 1. turnover 6. i mpl ausi bl e
Warm-up Activities: Part 1 (p. 1Sg) 2. alleviate 7. incinerate
3. flameretardant 8. transient
. (Suggested answers): I think it must be pollution 4. plummeted 9. discard
caused by technology,such as plasticfrom comput-
5. lax 10. dumped
ers, old microchips,etc.
3 . (Ss should memorise fhese text-related collocations
. and expressions.T checks in the next lesson.)
(Suggested answers): Pollutionis caused by cars
and factories,and people dropping litter. lt is also 1. shorl 6. average 11. faul t
caused by oil tankersspillingoil into the sea. 2. to follow 7. toxic 12. strict
3. to go 8. uphi l l 13. to run
. (Suggested answers) 4. expectancy 9. to come 14. muni ci pal
5. hi gh{ech 10. long
rubbish - environment- computer - biodegradable-
technology- modern - recycle,etc. 4. 1 . e 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.b
. Warm-up Listening Activity 5 . 1. di sregard 3. redo 5. garbage
1. rec y c ling 5. to x i c 9. TV 2. pol l uti on 4. irrelevant
2. out of date 6. casings 10.30
3. fi v e 7. buy 6. (Ss read the text of Ex. 6 once, before attempting to fitt
4. electrical L construction in the blanks.)
1. waste 6. aerosol
ReadingTask: Part 1 (p. 158-159) 2. recyclingcentre 7. ozone-friendly
3. di spose B. unleaded
1.8 2.1 3.A 4.E 5,H 6.F 7.C 4. i nfl uence 9. exhaust
5. boycott 10. publ i ctransport
VocabularyExercises:Part1 (p. 160-161)
7. 1. sci enti sts 6. potentially
(Note: the firstpicture on p. 160is of a scrap-heapand 2. recently 7. urgent
the second is the recycling symbol.) 3. gl obal 8. seri ousl y
4. Environmental 9. completely
1. gadgets - deviceswith a particularpurpose 5. i mmedi atel y 10. governments
o b l i g ingly - helpf ull y
scrap-heap - place where rubbishis dumped 8. (T goes through the pictureswith Ss and identifiesthe
confined - restricted
Upe of pollution shown. Then, f gefs Ss to discuss
appliances - items of equipmentusuallyused in the the serious p rob Iems caused by these typ es of po ttution
house and the suggesfed so/ufions.Finally,Ss work in pairs.
insulation - materialfor sealingsth to preventescape f asks some pairs to report to the c/ass.,)
of electricity,heat, etc
disposal - act of getting rid of sth (Suggestedanswer)
governed - controlled Pollution caused by exhaust fumes
uphill struggle - difficultand slow effort
component - part of sth * SA; This problemcan be solved by fittingall cars
bafflingly - confusingly with catalyticconvertersso that they burn only
casings - outer coverings unl eadedfuel .
bromines - a type of chernical SB; Yes,and the cars that are too old to be converted
leased - rented shouldbetakenoffthe roadsbecausetheycause
monitor - watch and check the most pollution,etc.
shipped - transported
municipal - havingto do with a town or city

93
Unit 7: Part2

Industrial pollution worse,when plasticssuch as those used in computer

casings are burnt, they produce dioxins which are
SA; I thinkthatthe governmentshoulddo something
toxic.These plasticsare almostimpossibleto recycle
to stop factoriesgiving off smoke and other
as well.Thereare solutionsto theseproblems,suchas
fumes into the atmosphereas they pollutethe
using less plastic in the constructionof hightech
environment.
items. Manufacturersshould maintainresponsibility
SB; That's a good idea, becauseheavy industries
for their productsand take them back to be recycled.
do cause a lot of air pollutionwith all the fumes
In addition, we should try to make sure that the
they give off, etc.
products we buy are environmentallyfriendly and
Rubbis h recyclable.
SA; This is a big problembecausea lot of people
just throw their litteron the streetsinstead GrammarCheck:Part1 (P.161)
of puttingit in the bin.
SB; Yes, peoplewho do this should be fined to stop 2. that 7. i t 12. not
t hem f r om d o i n g i t a g a i n .A l s o ,m o re ru b b i sh 3. ,/ 8. ,/ 13. be
bins should be put on the streetsso that there 4. what f.it 14. that
is alwayssomewhereto throw your rubbish,etc. 5./ 10. did 15. do
Sea pollution 6. that 11. /
SA; Thistype of pollutionis causedby both individu-
alsand v ari o u si n d u s tri e d s u m p i n gth e i rru bbi sh UnitT-Part2
in the sea insteadof botheringto disposeof it
properly. Warm-upActivities:Parl2 (P. 162)
SB; Yes, and the sea is becomingmore and more
polluted.Peopleneed to be made to realisethe . (Suggested answer)
damagethey'recausingso that they stop, etc.
N o, I w oul d not l i keto l i veon a smal li sl and,because
5. on 7. out I thi nk I w oul d get bored.A l so,I w oul dn' tl i kethe f act
9. 1. down/away 3. out
4. back 6. off 8. up that on a small island,everybodyalwaysknows what
2. off
everyoneel sei s doi ng.On the otherhand,i t w ouldbe
very peacefuland relaxing.
Follow-upActivities:Part 1 (p. 161)
. (Suggested answer)
. (Suggested answer)
I think thatthe couplewantedto movethereto get away
There are recyclingbins for paper, and no cars are from the mainlandand the stressof modern life,and
allowedin the city centre. have a completechange of lifestyle.
There are fines for dropping litter,and f o r d u m p i n g
rubbish in the countryside. . Warm-up Listening ActivitY
Thereshouldbe no vehiclesovera certainage allowed
in townsand cities,and busesshouldbe replacedwith The Sirrssold theircottage in Yorkshireto moveto the
tr ainsor t r am s ,w h i c h c a u s el e s s p o l l u ti o n . Scottish island of Graemsay.The family viewed the
propertyin December.The dealwasastonishing- the
. (T elicits problemsand so/utionsand writesthem on the estate comprised a post office, six houses and a
board, then helshe invitesSs fo talk about them. T first privatesandy beach. On the first trip, the Sirrs met
invitesa good S to talk, then asks other Ss as well') many of the island's inhabitants and were given a
warm welcome, The move has brought new chal-
Problems Solutions lengesto the family.Rob and Jill havestarteda sheep
. wasteis oftentoxic . use less plastic farm.The onl ythi ngthey mi ssi s goi ngto the ci nem a.
. thousandsof components ' repair- don't throwaway The chi l drenare the onl y pupi l sat the schooland
' h i re - d o n ' t b u y take advantageof the school'smodern facilities.The
u s ed
. intelligentconstruction- fami l yconsi derthemsel vesl ucky.
. 100 differentplastics
in computercasings manufacturersmust Suggestedtitle: "Leavingthe Rat Race."
. plasticcasingscan't be disposeof waste
recycledor burnt . buy recyclableproducts ReadingTask:Part2 (P.162'163)
(Suggested answer) 8. B ( L n1 ) 12.D
9. D (Ln13-15) 13. D (Ln26-27)
Technologyis a good thing, but it has broughtwith it 10. C (Ln 22-23) 14. C (Ln38-40)
a lot of problems.Forexample,a lot of plasticsbecome 11. A (Ln21-24)
toxic wastewhen they are thrown away.ln addition,it
costsa lot of moneyto recyclehigh-techwaste,which
puts a lot of companiesoff doing it, To make matters

94
 Unit 7: Part2

VocabularyExercises:Part2 (p.164-165) port in the country is rather poor compared to the

city.Thereare lots of schoolsand hospitalsin the city.
1. hustle and brrstle- energetic,excitedactivity In contrast,there are few schoolsand hospitalsin the
modest - averagein size,reasonable country. Life in the country is rather monotonous
initially - at first compared to stressfulcity life, etc.
estate - area of land and property owned by one
person 9. (Tgoesthroughthe cueswifhss, thenSs work in closed
to view - to look round pairs.T checks round the c/ass then helsheasks so/ne
illusions - mistakenbeliefs pairs to repoft to the c/ass./
thrilled - very happy, delighted
adjust - get used to (a new way of life) (Suggested answer)
company - companionship SA.' A lot of young people are leavingtheir villages
envious - jealous becausethey cannotfind jobs, so the govern_
benefits - advantages ment should try to encouragenew businesses
to set up branchesin areasoutsidetowns and
2. 1. i nhabit ant 5. deal L comprises cities.
2. bid O. renovate 1 0 . c o n c e rn e d S8; Yes,and a lot of young peopleare leavingsimply
3. remote 7. resources
becausethere'snothingfor them to do where
4. content B. prompted
they live.To stop this, leisurecentres,cinemas
3. (ss shou/d memorise these text-related coltocafions etc need to be built in ruralareas.
and expressrbns.T checks in the next lesson.) SA.' Another reason is the fact that there aren,t
enough medicalfacilitiesin remoteareas.
1. hus t le 6. illusions 11. to start SB; That's right. Hospitalsand clinicsneed to be
2. best 7. to have 1 2 . to th i n k builtso that peopledon't haveto come to towns
3. to bring B. to receive 1 3 . to c o n s i der and cities for treatmentetc.
4. busy 9. warm
5. m oder n 10 . seasonal Follow-upActivities:part 2 (p. 165)
4 . 1 . delus ion 4" h a l l u c i n a ti o n 7. benefit . (Suggested answers)
2. illusion 5. prize 8. award
3. mirage 6. reward SA; There is such a varietyof entertainmentin the
city you know.
(Note; mirage - optical illusion whichis caused by hot
SB; Yes, but there are plansto build leisurecentres
air conditions)
here.And don't forgetthe crime rate is really
5. 1. valley 3. cottage high in the city.
5. busfle
2. acre 4. gate SA; I don't disagree,but people in the city are more
open-minded.I can't stand being watchedall
6. 1 . . . .w o r k e do u t . . . the time, etc.
2. ... has been wor k i n go n a ... . (T elicits good and bad points and writes them on the
3. ... has m ade m e w o rk u p ...
board. Ss, fhen, work on their own for a couple of
4. ... ev er y t hingwill w o rk o u t i n ...
minutes looking at the table. f asks some Ss fo report
7 . City; polluted,crowded,noisy,lively,dirty,entertain- to the c/ass.)
ing, busy, modern,stressful
Country:scenic,relaxed,quiet,peaceful,picturesque, Good Points Bad Points
healthy,natural,slow, remote - estate was cheap - no cinemas,etc
Suggested reasons; A city is polluted becauseof the - islandis beautiful - no other children
many cars and factories.The country is picturesque - friendlyislanders - could get lonely/bored
becauseof the nice surroundings. - Sirrshave a home
(This can be done as a competition game. One team busi ness
- familyis closertogether
gives adjectives and the other team gives reasons.)
- more attentionat school
e.g. TeamA 57; Cifies are pottuted.
- modernschool
Team B 52: Theyare poltuted because there
are so many cars, etc. (Suggested answer)
8. (Suggested answers) At first I felt nervousabout movingto the island,but I
loveit now.I missmyfriendsa lot,but on the otherhand
Althoughpeoplelivingin the city teada hecticlifestyle, it's peacefulhere, and my friendscan still come and
it is easyto find a job. Unfortunately
there is not much visit me during the holidays.What I like best about
varietyof jobs in the country.The crime ratein the city livingon the islandis the factthatwe'rerightbesidethe
is high comparedto that of the country.publictrans- sea.The islandis reallybeautiful.I enjoy swimminga
lot. One bad point about livingon the islandis that

95
Unit 7: Part3

there is no cinema,but the sacrificeis worth it, to live VocabularyExercises:Part3 (p. 168-169)
in such a beautifulPlace.
1. botanical - havingto do with plants
. (Before Ss are assigned the third Follow-UpActivi$ as maintenancemen - men who take care of a place
writtenHlW, Tshould referthem to argumentativeessay digging - moving earth using a spade
writing and make a plan with them which will then be flowerbeds - parts of a garden where flowers are
used by Ss to write their composition. Ss can use the planted
notes in Ex. 8 as well.) ultimately - in the end
instrumental - imPortant,vital
Suggested plan
rarest - the leastcommon
Paragraph 1: state problem expertise - specialisedknowledge
Paragraph 2: first suggestionand reason plant hunters - peoplewho travelin orderto find new
(eg. pollution) speciesor varietiesof Plants
Paragraph 3: second suggestionand reason (e.9. artificially - in a way that is not natural
hectic lifestyle) rainforest - thick forest in regionsreceivinga great
Final par agr aph :s u m m a ri s eo p i n i o n amount of rainfall
specimens - plants or animal tissue taken as an
GrammarCheck:Part2 (P.165) exampleof a grouP or tYPe
gatekeeper - sb who guards the entranceto a park,
1. . . . h a s h a d h i s d o g t r a i n e d. . . grounds etc
2. . . . got his nose b ro k e n... labourers - people doing physicalwork
3. . . . had her s on ' s p i c tu reta k e n ... prestige - high status
4. . . .w i l l h a v e. . .
5. . . . will hav e hi s c a r re s p ra y e d... 2. 1. top-dressi ng 6. bl ooms
6. . . . is hav inghe r h a i r d y e d ... 2. combat 7. cultivates
7. . . . got her bag s to l e n... 3. speci es 8. prune
B. . . . had our P la n tsw a te re d... 4. dyi ng out 9. interrelate
9. . . . c an hav et h i s d o n e ... 5. smuggle 10. conserve
10. . . . h a d t h e i rh o u s eb r o k e n. . .
3. (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise fhese texf-
UnitT-Part3 related collocationsand expressions.f checks in the
nexf /esson.)
Part3 (P.166)
Activities:
Warm-up 1. pl antresearch 7. endangered
2. care B. to be kept
. (Suggested answer): Yes, there are many gardens 3. long 9. threat
like this in my country. I would expect to find exotic 4. fi nanci al 10. hi gh-pow ered
plantsand flowersthere. 5. del i cate 11. life-saving
6. weather 12. pleasure
. (Suggested answer): Plantsand flowersare used to
make medicinesand perfumes.Theyare beautifuland 4. 1. seed / is not a structuralpaft of a tree
make us feelgood. Plantsalso produceoxygenwhich 2. tul i p/ i s not a tree
we need to breathe. 3, redwood/ is not a flower
4. spade / the othersare growing mediums
. Warm-up Listening ActivitY 5. branch/ the othershaveto do with flowers

research 5. a) 1. shell 3. ri nd 5. peel

500 2. skin 4. peel i ngs
to
b) 1 . to pl ough 3. to hoe 5. to prune
rarest
2 . to rake 4. to dig 6. to mow
orchids
s m uggle c) 1 . spade 3. saw 5. hose
ticket 2 . clippers 4. trowel
labourers
plants 6. 1. beauti ful 7. experimental
2. useful 8. variety
ReadingTask:Part3 (P.166-167) 3, (i n)val uabl e 9. medi ci nal
4. found 10. producti on
15.G 17.C 19. H 21. B 5. cancerous 11. endangered
16.A 18. I 20. E 6. researchers 12. survival

96
 Unit 7: Part4

7. 1. organically 3. sprayed s. rake 7. prey g. fertilisers

2. conventional 4. herbicide 6. nature 8. pesticides 10. pruning

8. 1. as fresh as a daisy 5. throughthe grapevine g. gildingthe lily

2' a bed of roses 6. lead you up the garden path 10. beat aroundthe bush
3. thorn in my side 7. coming up roses
4. p us hingup t he d a i s i e s B. l i k ea w e e d

9. a. petal b. stamen c. bud d. leaf e. stem

Follow-upActivities:Part3 (p. 169)

. (Suggestedanswer)
plant,species,flowering,
botanical, orchids,cultivate,
flowerbeds,
leaves,pruning,tree,blooms,etc
. (Suggestedanswer)
To be skilledat growingplantsand flowers.

' (T writesthe four nameson the board, elicitsrelevantinformationfrom Ss and writesit on the board.Ss then work
in closedpairslookingat the notes.T checksroundthe c/ass,then helsheaskssome pairsto reportto the c/ass.)

NAME: SarahWilson MatthewFord ElainePorter Jackie Howard

PRES E NT studentat Kew scientificofficer works in Jodrell gatekeeper
ACTIVITY: trainingfor Diploma worked at Kew since Laboratory and ticketofficer
in Horticulture h e w a s 17 at Kew
DAILY
WORK: . startswork 7:50 am o
partof teamworking . conducts research . stands by
. waters flowers to helpendangered on plants trying the entrance
. sweeps up leaves plants to find a cure and sells
. prunestrees o
workingon Plymouth Pear for HIV and AIDS tickets

(Suggestedanswer)
SA: What'syourname?
SB: My nameis SarahWilson.
SA: Andwhatdo you do?
SB: I workat KewGardens.lt's a tiringjob: I haveto waterthe flowers,prunethe trees,and sweepup leaves.
It'spartof my coursereally.I'm trainingfor the KewDiplomain Horticulture.

Grammar Check: Part 3 (p. 169) . (Suggestedanswer):I likedetectivestories.lt'sfun

tryingto workout whothe murdereris.
2. ourselves 5. ./ 8. ,/
3. ,/ 6. myself 9. ,/ . Warm-upListeningActivity
4' myself 7. ,/ 10. himself
1. athrete 3. group 5. good
2. clothes 4. moon 6. earth
Unit 7: Parl 4
ReadingTask:Part4 (p. 170-171),..':
, Warm-upActivities:Part4 (p. 170) 22.A 30. E
(suggested 'rZ!^=E'F (inanyorder'
answers) 31. i
A Man on the Moon may be aboutspacetraveland 26. F 33. C
astronauts. 27. B g4lg1.A, B (in any
RareBeastscouldbeaboutexoticor strangeanimals. 29. D order)
The Sixth Extinctioncould be about endangered 29. C
animalsor dinosaurs.
The Greatestmustbe aboutpeoplewho arethe best
at something,maybesport.

97
 ExamFocus:Unit7

VocabularyExercises:Part4 (p. 1721 Follow-upActivities:Part4 (p. 1721

1 . spark off - to cause sth to start (T elicitsfrom Ss all relevantvocabularyand writesit on
compiled - put togetherfrom other sources the board. Then helshe explains the purpose of fhis
prime - top quality activity and lets Ss work in closed pairs. HelShe then
master - expert asks some Ss fo reportto the c/ass. Thisactivitycan be
feature - outstandingasPect assigned as HIW).
assessment - judgement
favour - to prefer . Adjectives: well-written,informative,highly enter-
countless - very many taining,enlightening,beautifullyillustrated,wonder-
enlightening - informative/explainingsth fully original,thought-provoking, entertaining,
domesticated - bred to live with humans fascinating,acclaimedauthor,excellent,depressing,
roamed - wandered outrageouslyevil,graphic,uplifting,clear (explana-
evolved - developed over time tions),interesting(facts),mundane (offerings)
extinct - (of a species)havingdied out completely Verb phrases: spark off discussions,favour,details
endangered - in danger of becomingextinct the history,illustratesthe link, containsa thorough
immaculate - very neat and tidy examination,exploresthe origins,is based on,
primate - group of animalscomprisingapes and regarding,clearlypoints out, providesclear explana-
hum ans tion, stand out against
hair-grooming - cleaningof hair
(Suggested answer)
thought-provoking- havingthe qualityof makingyou
th ink I really would recommend The Greafesf by Daley
gripping - very interesting Thompson; it's extremelywell written, and very in-
legacy - knowledgeand experiencefor the future formative.Daleyhas made a list of allthe top-ranking
acclaimed - highly praised athletessince 1900,and the book sparkedoff many
graphic - very detailedand lifelike discussionsbetweenme and my friendsabout which
uplifting - making one feel happier ones we favouredmost. In general,I found it highly
devastating - extremelydestructive informativeand enlightening.
mundane - boring
ExamFocus- Useof English:Unit7 (p.173)
2 . (Ss shou/d be encouraged to memorise these texf
relatedcollocations and expressions.f checks in the Part 1
nexf /esson.)
1. pr im at e 6. h e a rt 11. h u ma n 1. D 5.8 9. D 13. A
2. to hold 7. brain 12. sParksoff 2.C 6.8 10. D 14. D
3. points-rating B. evil 13. acclaimed 3.D 7. A 11. B 15. A
4. to wreck 9. mass 14. breeds 4.A 8.C 12. C
5. domesticated 10. social
Prepositions
3. 1 . d 3.e 5. a 7. j 9.c
2. t 4. i 6.9 8.b 10. h 1. with 11. at/by/with 21. on
2. of 12. on 22. in
(Suggested titles) 3. w i th 13. with 23. with
Mission:FCE2 is atextbook. MickeyMouse is a cartoon 4. to 14. of 24. for
strip etc 5. w i th 15. in 25. to
6. for 16. on 26. in
4. f . im aginat iv e 7. convincing 7. i nto 17. forlabout 27. at
2. suspense 8. well worth 8. on 18. of 28. on
3. thought-provoking L original 9. to 19. under
4. ex c it ing 10. g ra p h i c 10. about 20. from
5. s pine- c hilli n g 11. e n te rta i n i n g
6. predictable 12. mundane

5. a) 1. binding 2. paperback 3. hardback

b) 1. contents 2. chapters 3. index
c) 1. pr ologue 2. epilogue 3. foreword
d) 1. publisher 2. author 3. editor

98

Exam Focus - Listening - Unit 7 (p.174-17s1
Part 3
19. C 20. B 21. A
22. D 23. E
Part 3
You will hear five people talking about leaving school.
For questions 19-23decide which of the stafements
A-F appliesfo each speaker. Use the lettersonly once.
Thereis one extra letterwhich you do not need to use.
Speaker 1; I was prettyaverageat school and I didn't
mind the idea of leaving,it'sjust that I driftedfrom job
to job. The subjectsat school didn't seem to relateto
real life - or at least, I could've done with someone
sh o wingm e t he c on n e c ti o nI. tri e dq u i tea fe w th i n g s
b e fo r elf ound what l w a n te d to d o . I s u p p o s ep e o p l e
would say that it was valuableexperience- but it didn't
seem like that to me.
Speaker2; TheywerealwaystelIing me thatschooldays
were the best in your life and I was alwaysthinking,
"Well, if this is supposed to be rne best, whatever's
next?"Then when the day came to say goodbyeto all
that, I seemedto grow taller!lt was definitelywhat I'd
been hopingfor. I neverwantedto be top of the class
at school, but aftenrrardsI changed completely. I
suppose I wasn't reallycut out for school.
Speaker3; The lastday at schoolfor me was simplya
door to walk through, and on the other side was
somethingeven more challenging.lt was satisfying
becauseI got what I wanted- exams,and so on. I did
well, and I knew I'd go on and get more. I left the
b u i l dingbut not t hes ys te m- l w i l l a l w a y sc a rryw i thm e
what I learntthere.
Speaker4.'I was good at school- passednineGCSE's
- but we neededanotherincomeso off I wentat sixteen
to be a clerk in the local buildingsociety.Therewere
others that stayed on even thougn they were doing
b a d l yand I k ept t hin k i n g ," Wh y th e m a n d n o t me ? " I
mean I wantedto help out at home, but underneathI
fe l t I was t ak inga wr o n g tu rn i n g ,
Speaker 5; I couldn'twait! | knew life couldn't be the
way they said it vrasat school- you know - all confined
to the pagesof textbooks,doing what they told you. lt
seemedto me to be a completewaste of time. Then
w h e n I got out t her e- e a rn i n ga l i v i n g ,h a v i n ga s a y i n
things - well - | can't say that thingswere brilliantafter
th a t,but it s eem edm o rel i k eth e w a yth i n g ss h o u l db e.
Part4
24. F 26. F 28. F 30. T
25. T 27. T 29. F
Part 4
You will hear part of a local radio programme in which
a hospital administrator,Janine Robertson,talksabout
psychiatric hospitals.Answer questions 24 to 30 by
writingT (fortrue)and F (forfalse)inthe boxesprovided.
ExamFocus:Unit 7
Presenter.'Wehave heardthe news that the psychiat-
ric departmentat EdgemontonHospitalis to close.
Today, Jani ne R obertson, chi ef admi ni stratorof
EdgemontonHospital,has come alongto speakto us.
N ow Jani ne,w hy i s thi s happeni ng?
Janine: Well,as you know, Edgemonton- like many
other hospitals- has always had its own psychiatric
department.A hospitalwithina hospital,so to speak.
But it has been the present government'spolicy to
close these departmentsand hospitals,and we are
now seeing patientswith nnentalillnessbeing placed
i n communi tycare.
Presenter; What's caused this change?
Janine: Well,it's an accumufationof variousthoughts
and ideas,and it's reallymore to do with the break-
throughsin scienceand trends in societythroughout
this century than in new ideas. Medicineseems to
followfashions.Look,for example,at the variousterms
that have been used throughoutthe historyof psychi-
atric institutions.The Victorians,when they started
them up, calledthem "asylums"- placesof refugefor
peoplewho were too sick to cope with life.This word
collected the stigma of the real conditions which,
unfortunately,resultedin closed places with people
heldinsidefor up to sixtyyears.The patientswereseen
as outcastsand nobody expectedto see them return
to normal life"The change of the name to "hospital"
reflectsthe differentlight in which the patientswere
seen by the medicalprofession- they were ill,needing
medicalcareto cure them.And this coincideswith the
breakthroughsin medicalscience.Some forty years
ago, new drugs were produced to supposedlycure
mental disorders- so if anti-depressants could stop
bad moods, and tranquilliserscalm down a patient
who was out of control,therewas no needto seekhelp
in a mental- or psychiatricinstitution.A bit like an
anti bi oti ccuri ngpneumoni a,or some otheri nfecti on.
Presenter,'Well, surely it's preferableto be livingat
home taking medicationthan being stuck in hospital?
Janine:Indeed.But a mentalpatientneedsmorethan
pi l l s. l f pi l l s coul d do the j ob, then mental i l l ness
would'vebeen eradicated.And these hospitalsdon't
only help their patients.They have also done a valu-
ablejob in protectingthe community.Thereare people
who truly cannot controlthemselvesand so are dan-
gerous.Patientswho might commit criminalacts but
arenotreal l ycri mi nal s, j ustverysi ck.P eopl ew ho don' t
need prisonsor punishmentbut expert and sympa-
thetic care whateverthey have done, or might do. As
a resultof the new policies,thesepeopleare beingsent
i ntothe communi ty,havi ngto copew i ththei ri l l nesses
and all the relatedprcblems.
Presenter.' Well, you have explained how we have
reachedthe positionof questioningpsychiatrichospi-
tals.But what is it that has broughton this latestwave
of closures?
Janine: Well, that brings us to the final point in the
process. The suggestionthat we could do without
these places has given the governmentthe oppor-
tunityto make cuts - as it has in so many othersectors
- and so save the taxpayermoney. Like most budget
99
ExamFocus:Unit7
cuts, this has had some unfortunateresults,but with
, e w a y i t i s , I s u p p o s ei t can' t
the ec onom ics it u a ti o nth
be avoided.
ExamFocus- Speaking:Unit7 (p.176-'177)
Part 2
(Suggested answers)
Pictures A and B
PictureA is of a bottlewitha messageon it to keepour
b eac hesc lean,a n d p i c tu re B i s o f c h i l d re np l a n ti ng
trees.They both have an environmentaltheme.
I try to help the environmentby puttingall the paper I
throw away in a bin for recycling,and by not throwing
litter on the street,because I think that keeping the
environmentclean is important.
We can make sure that we don't litterthe countryside
and sea by not throwingrubbishaway carelessly,and
we can tryto buy recycledproductssuchas paper.We
can also recyclemany other things we use.
I'm optimisticabout the futureof our planetbecauseI
think that it's not too late to staft educatingpeople
about how to protectthe planetand reducepollution.
i s a l ot
Pe oplear es lowlyb e g i n n i n gto re a l i s e th a tth e re
they can do to cleanup the planetand make it a clean,
pleasantplaceto live.
Pictures C and D
Picture C shows a girl watching TV and picture D
shows a girl reading. Both pictures show different
activities.They can imply how children spend their
time at home and what they preferdoing.
I preferto watchTV becauseit is more interestingthan
readinga book. There is alwayssomethingto watch.
It keeps me entertained.
Ithink t hatbot hr e a d i n ga n dw a tc h i n gte l e v i s i o cnan be
beneficialto young people because they are both
sourcesof information.Reading,though,is betterthan
televisionin someways becauseit helpsyou seeother
people's ideas and their personalway of expressing
them s elv es ,
To encourageyoung people to read more, schools
shouldhav elibr a ri ew s h e rec h i l d re nc a n b o rro wb o oks
a nd t ak e t hem ho m e to re a d .A l s o , b o o k s s h o u l dbe
made more colourfuland interestingso that young
peoplewould choose to read them insteadof having
to be made to do so.
Part3
(Suggested answers)
SA; I would put a climbing frame at point E because
it's at the furthestend of the garden,away from the
h ous e.T his m ea n sth a t c h i l d re np l a y i n go n i t c oul d
makeas much noiseas theywantedwithoutdisturbing
their parentssittingon the patio.
100
SB.'Yes,that'sa good idea.And becauseof that lthink
the pond shculd be put at pointF so that it wouldn'tbe
too close to the climbingframe becausethe children
coul d fal l i n i t.
SA; I agree,and a pond in the middle of the garden
w oul d l ook ni ce as w el l .
SB; I thinkthat a picnic table should be put at pointA
becausei t' s cl oseto the di ni ngroom and the ki tchen
so it would be easy to servefood.
SA; Yes, and there would also be a nice view of the
gardenfrom the patio.As for the flower beds, they
should be put somewhere they can be seen and
admi redfrom the house,l i ke poi nt B .
SB; That'sa good idea.And they would be closeto the
garden shed at point C as well, which would be
convenientfor gettingtools out.
SA; Lastof all, lthink the vegetablegarden shouldbe
put at point D, which is the largestspace available.
SB.'Yes,and if it was there it wouldn't be closeto
the shed as w el l .
Part 4
(Suggested answers)
SA; The benefitsof having a garden are that you have
a placewhereyou can go and sitoutsidein the summer
to cool off, and somewhereoutsidethe house where
childrencan play.
SB; Also, it is a placewhere you have a chanceto do
some gardeningand even grow your own vegetables
insteadof havingto buy them.
SA; My pedectgardenwould havea swimmingpool in
it and a patio where I could sunbathe.
S8; Yes,so would mine.I'd also liketo havea basket-
bal l or a tenni scourt.
SA; I would sit out by the pool and sunbathe,and just
generallyrelax.
S B ; I' d spend a l ot of ti me sw i mmi ngi n the pool a nd
playingbasketballor tenniswith my friends.
ExamFocus- Writing:Unit7 (p. 178)
Reviews
(Suggested answers)
- l t' s a sci encefi cti onfi l m.
- | thi nk i t' s set i n prehi stori ti
c mes.
- The maincharactersare probablythepeoplein the
photograph,perhapsscientists.
- | think the plot is about scientiststrying to study
di nosaurs.
- A short descriptionof a film could be found in a
reviewin a newspaperor magazine.
- A well-written,interestingscript or a good plot
makes a film/bookenjoyable.
- My favouritefilm is Batman Returns.My favourite
book is Jane Eyre.
 Exam Focus; Unit 7

- | would recommendBatman Returnsbecauseit is 3. Phrases used in book reviews:

action-packed,the script is well-writtenand the
a dull read,the author has attemptedto discover...
acting is excellent.I would recommendJane Eyre
becauseit's entertainingreading,thought-
provoking,and has an interestingplot. Phrases used in film reviews:
the scriptis well-written,
it is brilliantlydirected,a must-
1. Topic of each paragraph see,the starringrole is playedby, the film is set in, the
special effectsare impressive,a strong cast includ-
Para 1. background
ing...
Para2. main points of plot
Para3. generalcomments
4. (Suggested answer)
Para4. recommendation
Missionlmpossibleis an adventurefilm,set in post-
a. The film is set in Scofland. Cold WarEurope.lt is directedby Briande palmaand
b. lt is a historicalfilm. starsTom Cruise,who playsthe roleof a secretagent.
c. The starsof the film are Mel Gibson and patrick Tom Cruisestarsas EthanHunt,a man who sees
McGoohan. his close colleaguesbeing murderedone by one. He
d. The plot is aboutWilliamWallace,a man who leads has reasonto believethat there is a traitorinvolved.
the Scotsin theirfightagainstthe English.Afterhis Unfortunately, he is blamedfor the murders.Then,our
wifeis murderedby an EnglishLord,Wallaceunites hero,with the help of two agents,triesto discover
thev illagerands t h e yd ri v eo u tth eEn g l i s hs o l d i e rs. who the traitoris.
His popularitygrows and soon the EnglishKing, The film has some spectacularspecialeffectsand
Edward,sends his daughterto negotiatewith stunts.Tom Cruiseuses extraordinarydevices,such
Wallace. as explodingchewing-gumto dealwiththe dangershe
e . Yes ,t he f ilm is hig h l yre c o m m e n d e d . faces.The camerawork is excellent.There'senough
actionto keepthe plotgoingwithoutthe needfor many
2. Lord of the Flies love scenes like in other spy films.
I highly recommendthis film, especiallyto those
Paragraphsin the correctorder are: who enjoy espionagestoriesand secretmissions.As
1. Lord of the Fliesis set ... soon as you hear the familiartune of Missionlmpos-
2 . The t ale begins. . . sib/e you'll be set to enjoy this rivetingand enter-
3. The book is very well written... tai ni ngfi l m.
4 . l t h o r o u g h l yr e c o m m e n d. . .

Tenses used: PresentSimple

Purpose of each paragraph:

1. statewhere book is set and kind of story (back-
g ro und)
2. main points of plot
3. generalcomments
4. recommendation

101
 Revisionof WritingTechniques

Revisionof WritingTechniques

(T is advisedto photocopy the following questionsor make transparenciesand revise theory on writing
with hislher Ss.)

Decide which of the following statementsare True and which are False.

A. DescriptiveCompositions
1. ln descriptivecompositionseach paragraphshouldstartwith a topic sentence.
2. To describea personyou shoulddescribephysicalappearance,personalityand behaviour.
3. To describea placefor a seriousmagazineyou shoulduse informallanguage.
4. Each paragraphin descriptivecompositionsconsistsof one sentence.
5, Shortforms are acceptablein informalwriting.
6. Each paragraphshould starta new topic.
7. Whenwritinginstructionsdetailedinformationis not necessary.
8. To describean objectyou shouldincludeparticulardetailsand specialfeatures.
9. The lmperativeis not usedwhen writinginstructions.
10. The PassiveVoiceis neverusedto describeevents.
11. When describingpeopleyou shouldtalk about personalitycharacteristics withoutjustification.
12. Descriptionsof objectscan be includedin a reportto a lost propertyoffice.
13. To describea placeyou can use your senseswhilegivingdetailsof it.
14. The final paragraphof a descriptionof a place includesparticulardetailsof it.
15. When describingfestivalsyou can use your sensesto describethe atmosphere.

B. NarrativeCompositions
1. Pasttensesare used in a narrative.
2. A story is alwayswrittenin the second person.
3. A factualreportis normallyinformalwriting.
4. A factualreportincludesfacts.
5. The use of lndirectSpeechenlivensthe narrationof a story.
6. Chattydescriptionsare acceptablein stories.
7. Factualreportsare writtenin colloquialEnglish.
8. Linkingwords are importantwhilewritinga story.
9. Shortforms are only acceptablein quoteswhen writinga story.
10. The writercan includehis personalfeelingsin firstpersonnarrations.
11. A story cannot move back or forwardin time.
12. A factualreportis a combinationof feelingsand facts.
13. An interestingplot is essentialin a story.
14. Sequencewords are not used in narratives.
15. When writinga third personnarrativethe writeris not directlyinvolvedin the story.

102
 Revisionof Writing Techniques

C. Informal - Formal - Transactional Letters

1. Colloquial Englishcanbe usedin formalletters.
2. lf you knowthe nameof the recipient you sign"Yourssincerely".
3. Formallettersincludefactsand strongemotional feelings.
4. In an informalletteryou canendwith"Yours,John".
5. Lettersof complaintarenormallywrittenin an informalstyle.
6. In transactionallettersallfactualinformation shouldbe includedthe samewayas it hasbeen
givenin the rubric.
7. Narrative - Descriptiveletterscan be eitherformalor informal.
8. Lettersof application includenarrativetechniques.
9. In formalletterswhenwe knowthe nameof the recipient we addresshimas "DearJohn',.
10. "Yoursfaithfully"is usedin someformalletters.
11. Shortformsareusedin informalletters.
12. Complexsentencestructures arenot permitted in formalletters.
13. ln informalletterspronounscannotbe omitted.
14. ldiomscan be usedin informalletters.
15. fn formallettersparagraphs shoulddevelopone specifictopic.

D. Argumentativeessays
1. Argumentative essaysarealwayswrittenin a formalstyle.
2. To justifyyourpointof viewexamples and reasonsarenot necessary.
3. Quotations shouldbe avoided.
4. Strongfeelingsmakean argumentative essaymoreinteresting.
5. Overgeneralisationsshouldnot be usedin argumentative essays.
6. Linkingwordsarenot normally used.
7. Shortformscan be usedin quotations.
8. Thereadercannotbe addressed directly.
9. Thelastparagraph shouldnot givethe readersomething to consider.
10. A rhetoricalquestioncan be usedeitherin thefirstor the lastparagraphof an argumentative
essay.
11. Whengivingarguments for or againsta topicyou shouldnot be objective.
12. Eachpointis introduced in a newparagraph.
13. Whenwritingan opinionessayyourpersonal opinionshouldbe includedin the mainbody.
14. Theothersideof the argumentshouldnot be presented.
15. In argumentativeessaysyou can makereference to othersources.

E. Reports
1. Reportsarewrittenin a formalstyle.
2. Newsreportsarewrittenwithsub-headings.
3. ThePassive Voiceis avoidedin reports.
4. Witnessstatements arealwaysformal.
5. Sub-headings arenot necessary in surveyreports.
6. Presenttensesareusedin surveyreports.
7. Figuresincludedin a reportshouldbe recordedin theformof percentages
or proportions.
8. Factsare not usedin newsreports.
9. Quotations areusedin surveyreports.
10. Whileassessing goodand badpointsyoushouldsoundemotional.
11. Witnessstatements arewrittenin chronological
order.
12. Newsreportscanemploynarrative techniques.
13. Formallanguageis usedin surveyreports.
14. Witnessstatements includeonlyhypotheses.
15. Alltypesof reportsshouldhavea mainheading.

103
Revisionof WritingTechniques

F. Articles
1. Articlescan be eitherformal or informal.
2. An impersonalstyle is not used in formalarticles.
3. The style used in popularnewspaperscan be informal.
4. Newspaperarticlesdo not have a headline.
5. In the first paragraphyou can't make referenceto a strangeScene.
6. The last paragraphof an articleneversummarisesthe article.
7. The articlecan start with a quotation.
8. Narrative/Descriptive techniquesare not used in articles.
9. In formal articlesyou can addressthe readerdirectly.
10. Stylecan vary within an article.

G. Reviews
1. Reviewsdo not includethe writer'sviewpoint.
2. Reviewsare writtenin a formal style.
3. Each new topic is introducedin a new paragraph.
4. The type of film or book should alwaysbe mentioned.
5. The writer'srecommendationshould not be justified.
6. The Presenttense is used in the descriptionof the plot.

KEY

A.1.T 3.F 5.T 7. F 9.F 11.F 13.T 15.7

2.T 4.F 6.T 8.T 10.F 12.T 14. F

B. 1.T 3.F 5.F 7. F 9.F 11.F 13.T 15.7

2.F 4.T 6.T I.T 10.T 12.F 14. F

c.1.F 3.F 5.F 7.T 9.F 11.T 13.F 15.7

2.T 4.T 6.F LF 10.T 12.F 14. T

D.1.T 3.F 5.T 7.T 9.F 11.F 13.F 15.7

2.F 4.F 6.F 8.F 10.T 12.T 14. F

E. 1. T 3. F 5. F 7. T 9. F 11. T 13. T 15. F(witnessstatementsdon't)

2.F 4.F 6.T 8.F 10.F 12.T 14. F

F.1.T 3.T 5.F 7. T 9.F

2. F 4.F 6.F 8.F 10.F

G. 1.F 2. F 3.T 4. T 5.F 6. T

104
 Revision Secfion

Revision Section (p
A. MultipleChoiceeuestions 31. ... eventhough she behaves...
32. ... is hardlyanythingleft in ...
1. B 21. B 41. C 61.D 81. D 33. ... to find the solutionto ...
2. C 22. C 42. B 62. D 82. A 34. ... to have/getthe roof repaired...
3.A 23. B 43.A 63.A 83. C 35. ... have not visitedElizabeth...
4. D 24. D 44. D 64.D 84C 36. ... w i l l onl y be acceptedi f ...
5.D 25. C 45. B 65.D 85. B 3 7 . . . .g o o d t o g e t . . .
6.C 26. A 46. A 66.8 86. B 38. ... the subj ectI l i kedmost ...
7. C 27. C 47. B 67. D 87. B 39. ... w as the fi rstti me ...
8.D 28. A 48. C 68.C 88. C 40. ... di d nothi ngbut quarrel...
9.A 29. D 49. A 69.A 89. B 4 1 . . . .w o u l dl i k et o k n o w . . .
10. D 30. B 50. c 70. C 90. D 42. ... that thereare ...
'11.D 43. ... pays (any)attentionto ...
31.8 51.8 71. D 91. A
12. A 32. B 52. D 72. C 92. D 44. ... might have forgotten...
13. D 33. B 53. C 73. C 93. B 45. ... efficientat organising...
14. D 34. B 54. D 74. A 94. B 46. ... suggestedgoi ng on ...
15. B 35. A 55. B 75. A 95. D 47. ... w as Mi chael ' sfi rstvi si t...
16. A 36. B 56. B 76. C 96. D 48. ... not as many supermarkets...
17. C 37. C 57. C 77. C 97. B 49. ... mi stookme for ...
18. D 38. D 58. B 78. B 98. C 50. ... bei ng unabl eto pl ay ...
19. A 39. A 59. A 79. A 99. D 5 1 . . . . i f w e h a d n o t g i v e n. . .
20. c 40. c 60. D 80. B 100. B 52. ... have been marri edsi nce ...
53. ... good at draw i ng...
54. ... had a di scussi onabout ...
55. ... put up w i th hi s/hi m...
B. Key-WordTransformationSentences 56. ... di d not l et us sl eep ...
57. ... i n case i t i s col d ...
1 . . . .m u s tn o t b e u s e d . . . 58. ... ages si nceGl ori aw ent/hasbeen ...
2 . ... is not old enou g hto ... 59. ... had betternot stay up ...
3 . . . .w o u l d l i k et o . . . 60. ... was too difficultfor ...
4 . ... is no c hanc eof ... 6 1 . . . .d o n o t b e l o n gt o m e . . .
5 . ... is not f ar f r om ... 62. ... more fluentlythan anybody ...
6 . ... is not war m / ho te n o u g h ... 63. ... has been w ri ti ng...
7 . ... if lwas s uppos e dto ... 64. ... w as not deep enough ...
8 . . . . I w e r ey o u , I w o u l d . . . 65. ... w hy he had nevertri ed ...
9 . ... I would r at hern o t ... 66. ... di d not succeedi n fi ndi ng...
1 0 . . . .w i l lt a k e p l a c e. . . 6 7 . . . . h a s b e e n r e d u c e db y . . .
1 1 . . . .i s n o t a s g o o d a s . . . 68. ... advi sedA nn to cal l ...
1 2 . ... wis h I c ould c om e ... 69. ... put me throughto ...
1 3 . . . . i s s a i dt o b e . . . 7 0 . . . .j u s t i n t i m e f o r . . .
1 4 . ... Y ok o if s he had tri e d ... 7 1 . . . .w a s n o p o i n ti n m e . . .
1 5 . . . .a s m a l la m o u n to f . . . 72. ... i s/w i l lbe i mpossi bl efor ...
1 6 . ... tur nedit down . .. 73. ... if Stevehad not helped ...
1 7 . ... need not hav eca n c e l l e d... 74. ... hi msel fto be ...
1 8 . . . .y o u s h o u l dt a k e . . . 75. ... l et vi si torsuse ...
1 9 . ... w is h I had not u p s e t ... 76. ... i f I had i nvi tedD oreen...
2 0 . ... a m not r es pons i b l e fo r p ro v i d i n g... 77. ... w as put off ...
2 1 . ... a ny oneint er es te di n h e l p i n g... 7 8 . . . . i f s h e c o u l dl e n d h i m . . .
2 2 . ... s aid t o hav e be e n b u i l t ... 79. ... guest had fun ...
2 3 . ... w ould not hav e b e e n ... 80. ... w i l l no doubt become...
24. ... is not (too)far from ... 8 1 . . . .w a s t o o s l o w . . .
2 5 . ... been good at . . . 82. ... strengthgave out ...
26. ... accused Mat of havingdestroyedi 83. ... too far away for me ...
destroying... 84. ... apartfrom John...
2 7 . ... i n t ot aldis agr e e me n t... 85. ...took to her new teacher...
2 8 . ... w as t he only pe rs o nw h o ... 86. ... enoughmoneyto get by ...
29. ... too busy to attend ... 8 7 . . . .w i s h I c o u l d g o . . .
30. ... one of the fastest... 88. ... i n the habi tof cutti ng...

105
RevisionSection

89. . . . c ut down on Yo u rfo o d ... add more points: What is more; another major
90. . . . alway sbe co u n te do n ... reason,also;furthermore; moreover;in additionto;
91. . . . r u n s h o r to f m o n e Y. . . besides;apartfrom this; not to mentionthe fact
92. . . .t ur n t he v olu m ed o w n ... that, etc.
93. . . . didn' t need to g o ... introduceconflictingviewpoints:lt is arguedthat;
94. . . . behindbar s d o e s n ' ta l w a y s... people argue that; opponents of this view say;
95. ... have alreadygrown out of ... there are peoplewho oPPose;etc.
96. . . . br oughtout a b o o k ... 8 . Yes.
97. . . . will t ak e pla c e ... 9 . Yes, in the main body ParagraPhs.
98. . . .p u t y o u u P f o r . . .
99. . . . was br ough tro u n d ... 10. (Suggested answers)
100. . . . gr ow up an d s ta rtta k i n g ... First paragraph:
. Statean oPinion
. make referenceto a strangescene or situation
C. ErrorCorrectionTexts . addressthe readerdirectlY
. start with a quotation or rhetoricalquestion
1. 1. ,/ 6. of 11. if . startwith a problemthat needs a solution
2. in 7 . s o me 12. /
3. it 8.a 13. it Last paragraPh:
4. t he 9. ,/ 14. by . statea PersonaloPinion
5. more 1 0 . ,/ 15. / . give the readersomethingto consider
. summarisethe comPosition
2. 1. upon 6. got 11. ,/ . end with a quotationor a rhetoricalquestion
2 . y our 7. ,/ 12. very
11. A.C.E
3. ,/ 8. both 13. while
4 . t hev 9. have 14. /
(Suggestedanswer)
5.,/' 10. with 15. th a t
Are Computers a Blessing or a Gurse?
3. 1. have 6. ,/ 11. about
Can you remembera time when you did not
2. to 7. had 12. /
have a computer and had to do everythingby
3. ,/ 8. ,/ 13. can
hand? In my opinion,there is no doubt that com-
4. they 9. however 14. mo re putershave made many people'sliveseasier.
5. ,/ 10. for 15. must
First of all, as far as educationis concerned,
'/ computershaveprovedto be an efficienttoolin the
4. 1. the 6. should 11.
learningprocess.For instance,childrenfind cer-
2. ,/ 7. / 12. one tain school subjects,such as Maths,easierto do
3. been 8. fo r 13. being
w hen usi nga comP uter.
4. ,/ 9. mo re 14. to In addition,computersare extremelyvaluable
5. for 10. to 15. /
in one's workplace.Storingand processinginfor-
mation nowadays can be done in a matter of
minutes.As a result,time spent on paperworkand
D. CompositionDiscussion filing has been greatlYreduced.
On the other hand, some people argue that
A. 1 . A n opinionarti c l e . many problemshavebeencausedbythe wide use
2. Readersof the magazine. of computersin theworkplace.Forinstance,unem-
3. Para 1: stateoPinion ployment rates in many parts of the world have
Paras 2 & 3: 1st and 2nd argumentsand reasons skyrocketeddue to the fact that computers have
Para 4: other side of argumentand reason(s) taken the place of humans.
Final para: restateopinion using differentwords To sum up, it seems that computers play an
4. Formalstylebecauseit is an opinionarticlewritten importantrole in our lives.lt is inevitablethat there
for a magazine. will be disadvantages,yet the benefitsgained by
5. Yes. havinga comPuterare invaluable.
6. (Suggested answers)
I believ e,I n m y o p i n i o n ,I th i n k ,l n my v i e w , B . 1. My pen fri end.
I stronglybelieve,etc. 2. Informalstyle.
7. (Suggested answers) 3. To give suggestions.
list points: In the first place;first of all; to start
4.c
5. (Ss'ownanswers)
with: etc.
6.A,C,D,F,G
7. A, B, D, F, G, H

106
 Revision Section

(Suggested answer) D. 1. A compositionprovidingsolutionsto problems.

Dear Anna, 2. My teacher.
Thank you for your letter.Of course,I'd be 3. Formalstyle.
happy to make a few suggestions. 4. ln the first paragraph.
Firstof all,your sistershould definitelyvisitthe 5. 2nd and 3rd paragraphs.
EiffelTower. No visit to paris would be complete 6. Y es.
without seeing this beautifulmonument.Another 7. The main body paragraphs.
greatideaisfor herto spendthe day at NotreDame. B. AandC
lf I were her, I would also take a walk along the left 9. Y es.
Bank. lt's full of wonderfulcafesand bistros. 10. Yes, in the first andlor tinal paragraphs.
Parishas such amazingfood. lwould definitely
suggest trying Frenchonion soup. lt's absolutely (Suggested answer)
d elic ious .A noth e r g re a t d i s h i s s n a i l s i n g a r l i c
Everybody can help to preserve the natural
butter.I know it soundsunappetisingbut it reallyis
environment in their own town lcity.
out of this world!
W ell,I hope I' v e b e e n o f s o m e h e l p . Whetherone livesin a smalltownor a largecity,
Writesoon and tell me your news. it is up to us to take responsibilityto preserveour
Love, natural environment.As individuals,what is our
Jean role in helpingto keep our environmentclean?
Firstly,the easiestway for one to playtheir part
C. 1 . A nar r at iv e. in keepingthe environmentclean is to recycle.lt
2. Readersof the magazineand my teacher. only takes a few minutesa day for rubbishto be
3. Thir d per s on. sorted,separatedand placed in recyclingbins. lf
4. Para 1: set the scene (who - where - when) peoplewere to do this on a regularbasis,it would
Para 2: beforethe main event(s) help reducethe amount of indisposablewaste on
Paras 3 & 4: the main event(s) our pl anet.
Final para: end the story Secondly,unlesswe all take responsibilityfor
5.8 our actions,the environmentwill sufferbecauseof
6. "Terrified and stillshakingtheycould hardlybelieve our carelessness. Therefore,peoplewho litterand
they were alive." who are indifferentto the well-beingof the environ-
7.A,D,E,G,H ment should be heavilyfined.
8. Pasttenses becauseit is about an eventthat All things considered,it seems that if we all
happenedin the past. treated our planet with respect and consideration
9 . Fir s t ,t hen, nex t ,a s s o o n a s , me a n w h i l e , then we would be doing our best to help preserve
i m m ediat ely our envi ronment.

(Suggested answer) E. 1. Letterto the editor.

2. To correct the errorsthat were written in a news-
It was a cold and gloomy afternoon.Arthurand
paper report.
John were standingbeforethe old wooden door of
3. The editorand the readersof the newspaper.
the abandonedcastle."Areyou sureyou wantto do
4. Formalstyle.
this?" John asked Arthur. Arthur swallowedand
nodded. 5. Yes.
6. Salutation
They pushed the heavy door open and nerv-
Para 1: reason(s)for writing
ously walked into the great hall. Cobwebs hung
from the tall ceiling and thick dust covered the Paras2&3: development
Final para: closingremarks
ancientfurniture.Theyturnedon theirtorchesand
slowlywalked acrossthe hall. N ame
Suddenly,they heard a deafeningnoise.The 7. P asttenses
castle shook and shudderedand pieces of brick 8. In the final paragraph.
and wood fellto the floor.The boys screamedand L Dear Sir/Madam,Yours Faithfully+ my full name
ran under a huge table for safety. The castle
seemed to be collapsingbefore their very eyes. (Suggested answer)
"C om eon! Let ' sg e t o u t o f h e re !"J o h n y e l l e d T
. hey Dear Sir/Madam.
quickly ran acrossthe hall and out the door. I am writingthis letterto commenton an article
One hour later,as afirefighterhandedthem two which appearedin your newspaper.To my mind,
cups of steaminghot tea, he said, "You boys are the article concerningthe GladstoneAnnual Art
l uc k y .Didn' ty ou k n o w th ec a s tl ew a ss c h e d u l e dto Exhibition,contained some misleadinginforma-
be demolishedtoday?" Arthur and John looked ti on.
back at the remainsof the castle.Terrifiedand still Firstly,your article stated that the event was
shaking,they could hardlybelievethey were alive, "dull".By my standards,any exhibitionwhich is
attended by over 10,000visitors,is anything but

107
RevisionSecfion

"dull".Moreover,contraryto your statementthat
the opening hours were affected by "technical
problems",the exhibitionwas, in fact, open from
10 am to 8 pm everyday as scheduled,exceptfor
the first week. In addition,all works of art were
indeed done by local artists.Your informationon
this point was false as was the issue regarding
prices. Your article said there were no special
prices when, in actuality,children and students
receivedspecialratesat the weekend.
To conclude, I feel strongly that this event
s houlddef init e l yb e h e l da g a i nn e x ty e a r.Al l i n al l .
I believe it is, and will continue to be, a worthy
contributorto culturein our town.
Yours faithfully,
J u d y S m i th
F. 1. An assessmentreport.
2. To assessthe suitabilityof a newly-openedsports
centrefor people of all ages.
3 . M y bos s .
4. Formalstyle.
5.A,D,E,G
6. Para 1: state purposeand contentof your report
P ar as2, 3 & 4 : s u mma ri s ee a c h p o i n t,g i v i n gb oth
positiveand negativeaspects
Final para: generalassessmentand recommend-
ation
7.B,C,E,F
8. The final paragraph.
9. Yes, becauseassessmentreportsshould be
objective
1 0 . P r es entt ens e s
1 1 . ( S ugges t eda n s w e rs )
Express reality: The fact of the matter is that;
Actually;In practice;etc.
Make contrasting points: However;Although;
Des pit e;B ut ; W h i l e ;E v e nth o u g h ;e tc .
Expressthe difference between appearanceand
reality: lt may seem; On the sudace;Apparently;
etc.
G onc lude:O n th e w h o l e ;In c o n c l u s i o n ;
To sum up; etc.
(Suggested answer)
T o: M r B. J o h n s o n ,M a n a g e r
From: FrancisSmythe,AssistantManager
Subject: CentralFitnessClub
Date: 25th November,20..
lntroduction
The purposeof thisreportis to assessthe suitability
of CentralFitnessClub for people of all ages.
Facilities
The club's facilitiesnot only cater for adults, but
als o f or y oun g e r c h i l d re n .F o r e x a mp l e ,y oung
peoplewillenjoythe musicplayedduringaerobics'
classes.Moreover,the club has got one of the best
weightliftingrooms one could possiblyfind. Last
but not least, the club's juice bar offers freshly-
squeezedfruitjuicesand deliciousvegetablejuices.
E qui pment
The equipmentprovidedbythe club is state-of-the-
art,Treadmills,exercisebicycles,dumb-bellsand
weights are availablefor all those interestedin
getting fit and following a training programme.
However, the trainers are hardly ever there to
instructyou, which is a drawbackthat should be
taken into consideration.
Openi ng H ours
In practice,the club is open everyday form 9 am to
9 prn.Thereforeit is convenientfor teenagerswho
go to school . In addi ti on,the cl ub i s open on
Saturdaysfrom 10 am to 5 pm which are very
flexiblehours for people who work.
Subscription Fees
The fact of the matteris that fees at CentralFitness
Club are quite expensive.However,thereare spe-
cial prices for young people under the age of
sixteen.as well as a 10% discountfor those who
subscribefor a year.
Recommendation
To sum up, I would recommendCentral Fitness
Clubfor peopleof all ages.Eventhoughthe feesto
join are quite expensive,it is a well-organisedand
modern venue for fitnessfans.
G. 1. To compl ai nabout a hol i dayyou w ent on.
2. The managerof S unshi neTours.
3. No.
4. Formalstyle.
5. A strongtone becausel'm askingfor my money
back.
6. Salutation
Para 1: reason(s)for writing
Paras 2 & 3'.complaintswith justifications
Final para: closingremarks
N ame
7. Y es.
8.8
9.A,C,D,G
(Suggested answer)
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writingto expressmy strongdissatisfaction
with the one-weekholidayI spent at the Highfield
hotelfrom July 1st.
To begin with, I was disgustedby the lack of
facilities.Contrary to what your brochure stated,
the rooms were not air-conditioned,despite the
unbearable heat. Also, the swimming pool re-
mained empty for the whole week, without any
explanation.This was unacceptableas the beach
was over five kilometresaway.
Furthermore,I was surprisedby the poor serv-
ices offered by this five-starhotel. To begin with,
there was no room servicewhich was extremely
inconvenient. What is rnore,the liftwas alwaysout
of order and as my room was on the sixthfloor, I

108

found this to be completelyoutrageous.I was also
appalled by the unhelpful attitude of the staff,
particularlythe hotel guide. She insistedon being
paid despite the fact that the excursionshad al-
readybeen includedin the totalcost of the holiday.
I believethat I am entitledto a refundfor the
inconvenienceI have suffered.I look forward to
hearingfrom you soon otherwiseI shall be forced
to take the matter further.
Yoursfaithfully,
Angela Rogers
H. 1. A transactionalletteraskingfor information.
2. To ask for more informationregardinga trip I have
w on t o Dublin.
3 . Megan Wilson,the competitionorganiser.
4 . N o.
5 . Formalstyle.
6 . Salutation
Para 1: reason(s)for writing
Paras2&3: development
Final para: closingremarks
Nam e
7. That I have chosenthe appropriatestyle.
That I have includedall the factualinformation
providedin the rubric,using my own words.
That I have checked that each paragraphhas a
topic.
B. B
9 . Opening Remarks: C
Closing Remarks: A
10.A,B
(Suggested answer)
Dear M s W ils on,
I am writingto expressmy gratitudefor having
chosen me as the winner.I would also liketo take
this opportunityto ask you a few questionsregard-
i n g t he t r ip t o Du b l i n .
Firstof all, I would appreciateit if you could tell
m e m or e about o u r a rri v a li n D u b l i n .W o u l d i t b e
possible for somebody to meet us at the train
station?lf not, could you pleasesuggestthe best
way to get to the hotel?
Moreover,could you pleaselet me know if all
mealsare includedin the offer?Finally,I would be
gratefulif you could inform me whether it wili be
necessaryfor us to dress formallyin order to see
"Riverdance".
Thank you in advancefor your kind co-opera-
tion. I am lookingfonvardto hearingfrom you at
your earliestconvenience.
Yourssincerely,
AliceMallone
RevisionSectlon
E. SpeakingTests
Part 1
(Part 1 /asfs about four minutes and has to do with
socialisingand giving personalinformation.Ss should be
able to talk about themselvesfor tvvominutes.)
Part 2
(Part 2 /asfsaboutfour minutesand focuseson exchanging
personal and factual information based on given visual
prompts. Ss'are given two colour photographs each and
they have to talk about them in relation to themselves
without being interrupted and helped by the T. Theyare also
asked to comment on each other's pictures.)
Part 3
(ln Part 3 Ss are examined in pairs. Theyare given visual
promptswhich generate adiscussion andtheytalkwith one
another.Ss /ook carefullyatthevisual promptsconcentrat-
ing on relevant details. The conversation should not be
dominated by one student. Ss have to talk only about the
task the interuiewerhasgiven them. Thispart /astsabouf 3
minutes.)
Parl4
(ln Part 4 Ss talk with one anotherabout mattersrelated to
the theme of Part 3. Ss should listen to their partner's
answers and respond accordingly. lt is important to re-
memberthatwhen one partneris speakinghelshe should
not be interruptedbythe other.Part4 lastsabout 4 minutes.)
SpeakingTest 1
Parts1&2 (Suggested
answers)
Picture A shows a female vet with her patient,a cat.
Picture B shows a pilot standingnear an aeroplane.
Being a pilot is a dangerousjob where he/she must
work as part of a team whereas being a vet is not very
dangerousand the personworks alone.
A vet needs qualitiesof understandingand compas-
siontowardsanimals.Avetalsoneedstobe gentleand
caring.On the other hand, a pilot needsan adventur-
ous spi ri t and must be si ngl e-mi ndedw i th great
powersof concentration.Both of them, however,need
to be cal m i n thei rj ob.
I would reallylike to be a vet as I love animals.
Peoplechooseto do dangerousjobs becausethey like
taking risks and they want somethingchallengingin
thei r l i ves.
PictureC showselephantsand zebrasdrinkingwater.
They are eitheron a naturereserveor in an areawhere
wild animalsare freeto roam about.However,picture
D shows a whale in an aquariumand it is not free and
prcbablyjust entertainshuman beings.
109
RevisionSecfion
. In m y opinion,t he m o s t s u i ta b l ee n v i ro n m e nits o ne
where the animalslive freelyand naturally.
. lt is not cruelto keep a domesticpet in an appropriate
environment.lt is cruel,however,to keep an exoticor
wild animalcaged up away from its naturalhabitat'
. Governmentscould help by enforcinglawsand heavy
punishmentson those who kill or exportendangered
species.Perhapsthe bestway would be to re-educate
people about the need for animalson our planet'
Part 3 (Suggested answers)
SA: I would liketo attendthe discussionson space and
the environment.What about You?
SB: I would preferto go to the ones about cooking and
flower arranging.Why do you think space and the
environmentwould be so interesting?
SA: Well,we need to learnmore about the placewhere
we live,the extinctionof certainspeciesand alsohow
we can explorespace to help improveour planet'
What is so interestingabout the discussionson
flower arrangingand cooking?
SB: I think these are very creativesubjectsand I would
like to learn more about them as I am a creative
person.
SA: W ell,it look slik eth e d i s c u s s i o n cs o v e ra w i d e ra nge
of interestsfor everyone,don't they?
SB: I agr ee.W e c ou l d l e a rna l o t a b o u tth i n g sw e d on' t
know as well.
Part 4 (Suggested answers)
. SA: I thinkthatwe learnhowto co-operatewithothers'
SB: I agree,but we also learnmany otherskillswhich
will help us when we startwork, such as creativity
and lear nin gto th i n k i n a l o g i c a lw a y .
SA: Yes, school does prepareus for life'
. SA: I would make sure that all children learn about
t ec hnologYa n d c o m Pu ti n g .
SB: Yes, we need those but I wouldn't change sub-
jects like history or geography - | think we still
need to learnsuch things.
SA: I agree,but I would changethe teachers!
. SA: I don't think uniformshould be compulsory,after
all we have a rightto choose what to wear'
SB: I don't agree. Uniforms are smart and make
everyoneequal.Also, you don't have to decide
what to wear everYdaY.
SA: Well,we alreadywear a kind of uniform,as most
of us chooseto wear jeans to school.
. SA: I believe it is still importantto learn other lan-
guagesas there are still many peoplewho don't
speak or have the chanceto learn English'
S B : I agr ee.lf e v e ry o n ei n th e w o rl d l e a rn sEngl i sh,
then there will be no differencesamong all the
c ount r iesan d w e w i l l a l l e n d u p th e s a me .
110
SpeakingTest2
answers)
Parts1&2 (Suggested
. Picture A showsa very attractivehoteland swimming
pool which is probablyextremelycrowdedespecially
in the summer months whereas picture B shows a
si mpl ehousesomew hereon a mountai n,The house
seems to be in a remoteand quiet area.
. I w oul dpreferto spendmy ti me i n the mountai nhouse
as it would be peacefuland I would be able to go for
long walks and not meet other people.
. This type of hotel usually provides its guests with
entertainment such as a disco or barbecuearoundthe
pool. Apart from these activities,you would also be
able to explorethe localarea.The house may be near
a ri verw hereyou coul dgo fi shi ngor j ustw al k among
the trees.
. An enjoyableholidayis one wherethe weatheris warm
and sunny.A l so,there shoul d be many thi ngsto do
and placesto visit.The importantthing,however,is to
have good comPanY.
. Picture C shows the inside of a theatre where you
could go to see a play,balletor operawhereaspicture
D shows a group of boys singing and dancing on
stage.
. At the theatrethe audiencejust sit and watch and do
not takepart in any way,whereasat a concert,likethis,
the audi encedo not si t dow n. P eopl ej oi n i n w i th t he
si ngi ngand movearoundto the musi cw hi chI believe
shows how much they are enjoyingthemselves'
. I would preferto attenda theatreto see a good playas
I don' t l i ke l argecrow dsof noi sypeopl e.
. Y es,I do bel i evetheyare.chi l drenl i keto i mi tatetheir
heroesand si ncetheseareusual l yseeni nvi ol entf ilm s,
it often results in children doing something violent
themsel ves.
Part 3 (Suggested answers)
SA: lthinkthata parkwouldbe a good ideaand everyone
would benefitfrom it. What do you think?
S B : I don' tagree.I bel i evethata shoppi ngcentrewould
be more usefulfor everyoneof all ages.
SA: Yes, it would be more useful,but a park would give
pleasureto everyone.Having all the trees around
would improvethe qualityof the air we breathe'
S B : Y es, but i n w i nter,peopl ew on' t be abl e to go and
enjoy a park.A shoppingcentrecan be used all the
year. lt will also give jobs to a lot of people.
SA: That'strue,but I disagreeabout not enjoyinga park
in the winter.Peopleliketo walk no matterwhat the
w eatheri s l i ke.l t hel pspeopl erel axfrom thei rbusy
l i ves.
SB: Well,I believethat many peoplecan relaxby looking
in shop windows.At least,that's what I do!

Part 4 (Suggested answers)
' sA: I think it's betterto iive in the city becauselife is
more exciting.
SB: I don't agree.Life in the countryis healthierand
there is alwayssomethingto do.
SA: Yes,but in the citytherearejobs for most people.
Also, there are more facilitieslike hospitalsand
better schools.
. SA: I think that my area would improveif there were
more placesfor young people to go to such as
youth centres.
SB: I believethat a park would be a good ideaso that
we could see some trees, insteadof ugly build_
ings.
SA: Yes, but young people can't spend all their time
sittingin a park.
SB: Why should young people have all the benefits?
Older people need their livesimprovedas well.
. broadenmy knowledgeand gain a differentpictureof
SA: I'm sure that people would understand more
about the environmentif televisionshowed more
programmesand documentariesabout the envi_
ronment.
SB: Yes, but we alreadyshow these things and still
people don't take any notice.What about more
adveftisingin magazinesand newspapers?
SA: That might be a better idea as people wouldn't
be able to avoid seeingthem. When they watch
such things on television,many people change
ch annels .
. SA: I don't know whetherthe planetwill be betteror
worse, but I think it will be worse.
SB: I agree.Therewon't be manytreesor animalsleft
and peoplewill be even more interestedin them_
selves.
SA: l think t her ewillb e s o m a n y p e o p l eo n th e p l a n et
that life will be very unpleasant.
SB: Yes and thereprobablywon't be enoughfood for
us all.
SpeakingTest 3
Parts 1 & 2 (Suggestedanswers)
. Picture A shows an old-fashionedtrain whereas
picture B shows a hot-airballoon.A trip by balloon
would give a bird'seye view of the land and a balloon
can fly over placesthat a train may not be able to travel
through.Also,travellingby balloonis far more danger-
o u s.
. I would preferto travelby trainas I believeit would
be
more comfortableto watch the world while sitting
down.
. I believethat all countrieswill be linkedby high-speed
trains.Furthermore,people will travel by supersonic
p l a n e s.
Revision Secfion
. I think that less money should be spent on space
explorationand more money used to help the people
who live on Earth where we have many problems.
Moneycould be spent helpingthe lessfortunateof our
w orl d.
' Picture c shows an attractivetown with tall buildings
and some greenery,whereaspicture D showsan ugly
town with blocks of flats.lt appearsto be a verv dull
place.
' I would obviouslyliketo livein the more attractivetown
where I think life could be quite pleasant.
. I believethat towns generallyneed more parks and
leisureor sports facilities.Trafficshould be banned
from city centresand publictransportought to be free
for everyone.Many big citieswould also benefitfrom
havingan undergroundrailway.
. I would loveto livein anothercountrywhereI would be
ableto experiencea differentcultureand climateto that
of my own country. lt would give me the chance to
the world.
Part 3 (Suggested answers)
SA: I think that boots would be very necessary in the
jungle in caseyou treadon somethinglikea poison_
ous snake. Do you agree?
SB: Yes. I do and I think that insect repellentis really
necessary.The jungle is full of mosquitoes and
poisonousflies.What else do you think we should
take with us?
SA: Well, I think that some sort of light is necessary.
SB: Why? We wouldn'tbe walkingat night and besides
the light will attract insects.
SA: Yes, I agree,but maybe there'san emergencyand
we need to see what we're doing!
SB: Yes, you're right. So what about taking a camera?
Don't you think we shouldtake photosof the things
we see?
SA: Absolutely.A camera is really necessary.
Part 4 (Suggested answers)
. SA: I wouldn't like to go on such an expeditionbe-
cause I think it would be dangerous.
SB: Why would it be dangerous?lf you are carefuland
take medicinebeforeyou leavethen you wouldn't
get sick.
SA: Well, l'd preferto lie on a beach in a hot, sunny
country!
. SA: Some people reallylike to do dangeroussports
such as sky-diving or potholing. This is their
adventure.
SB: Yes, and others like to experienceadventureby
travellingaround the world.
S A : That' s true because experi enci ngadventure
doesn'tmean you haveto do somethingdanger-
ous.
111
RevisionSection
. SA: I don' t t hink p e o p l ew i l l b e ta k i n g h o l i d a y sthen
becausethey will be too busy to do so.
SB : I don' t agr ee .I th i n k th a t p e o p l ew i l l h a v e m ore
free time and will want even more holidaysthan
they have now.
SA: Well, there won't be many places for people to
visit,so that'swhy they won't be havingholidays'
. SA: I reallybelievewe will have to live in underwater
cities in the future, becausethere won't be any
placeslefton earthto build houses.
SB: I agree. But beforewe build underwatercities,I
t hink peoplew i l l b e l i v i n go n th e mo o n .
SA: I disagree.I believewe willexploitEarthbeforewe
start going to live in sPace.
SpeakingTest 4 -
Parts 1 &2 (Suggested answers)
. b y s p e a ki ng
Pi c t ur eA s hows t w og i rl sc o m m u n i c a ti n g
to each other face to face whereaspicture B shows a
woman talkingto someoneon the phone'
. I prefertospeakfaceto facewith peopleas it is a more
personal way of communication.Fufthermore,it is
difficultto hide emotions when speaking directlyto
someonein this waY.
. People communicateby e-mail,fax and by written
mes s ageson t he i r mo b i l ePh o n e s .
. I believethat sendinglettersis almostoutdatedthese
days becausetechnologyallows us to communicate
faster,which seems to be very important'However,
writing and sending lettersshould never become a
thing of past as lettersare a very personaland unique
way of communicating.
. Picture C shows a man mountaineeringwhereas
picture D showsa man and a woman in a boat,fishing'
There is a strong contrastbetweenthese hobbiesas
one is very activeand dangerouswhereasthe otheris
not.
. I would preferto go fishingas I don't like dangerous
sports.Fishingseemsto be a more productivehobby
as you don't just feel pleasurewhen you catch a fish,
but you also get to eat it too,
. Leisure activitiesplay a big role in our lives. Most
peoplework very hard in their livesand need to relax
in their spare time by doing somethingthey enjoy'
. I thinkthatto some extenttheyare,but that is not to say
that a person who has a quiet nature will not do
something dangerous or adventurous.Also many
outgoing people feel a need to do something less
active in their free time. lt just depends on the indi-
v idual.
112
Part 3 (Suggested answers)
SA: One of the bestwaysof losingweightis by dietingbut
by doing it properly, not just by not eating and
starvingyourself.What do you think?
SB: Yes, I agree.But dietingalone isn't alwaysenough'
Usuallypeopleneed to exercise.So I would recom-
mend a health farm to someone who wants to lose
w ei ght.
SA: I disagree.Dietingtakestime and most peoplecan't
afford to stay at a health farm for more than a few
days.How much weightcan you lose in a few days?
SB: Well, if people see they can lose weight,they may
feelencouragedto stickto a dietwhenthey leavethe
healthfarm.
SA: Maybe you have a good point there.
Paft 4 (Suggested answers)
. SA: I believe it is very importantfor people to eat
properlyand look afterthemselves.
SB: I agree because if you look after yourself by
havinga healthylifestyleyou will enjoy lifemore'
SA: Yes, and you won't get sick all the time. That's
why people need to exerciseand have a healthy
di et.
. SA: I think magazinesinfluencemany people,espe-
ciallygirls,about the way they look.
SB: But boysare alsoinfluenced.Anyway,young girls
alwayswant to look like the models they see in
magazines.That'swhy they starvethemselves.
SA: Yes, maybethereshouldbe some biggermodels
in advertisingso that people don't alwaysthink
that being thin is beautiful.
. SA: I think it is wrongto be a victimof fashion,but with
so much televisionand magazineinfluence,most
peopl ecan' t hel Pi t.
SB: Yes, this happens to young girls who feel they
may be laughedat by theirfriendsif they don't try
to keep up with the latestfashions'
SA: So, no matter how individualwe are as people,
sometimes it's difficultto stay that way'
. SA: I always judge people by their appearanceal-
though I know thi s i s w rong'
SB: I alwaysjudge peopleby theirbehaviourbecause
I wouldn't speak to someone who is badly-be-
haved no matterif the person has a good appear-
ance or not.
SA: That'sa good waYto think.
 Mission:FCE 2 TEST1 A

TEST 1 A (Units1 - 2)
(Time:80 minutes)
SectionA
Youaregoingto reada newspaper articleaboutexploring the oceans.Choosethe mostsuitable
headingfromthe list (A-H)for eachpart (1-6)of the article.Thereis one extraheadingwhich
you do not needto use.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(o).

A Know your own planet.

B Robot close-ups.
C A very specialship.
D Solo exploration.
E We'll neverget there.
F Livingunder water.
G Solutionto a problem.
H The ocean floor on TV.

Exploringthe Depthsof the Ocean

D independently acrossthe oceanfloor. ture. But man had alreadywalked on

Doctor Bob Ballardis an aquanaut-
an explorerof the world's seas and
oceans. He has visitedthe bottom of
oceans in a mini-submarineand ex-
plored such things as the Titanicand
the German battleship the Bismark.
Most recentlyhe has discoveredthe
shipLusitanra, whichsankoffthe coast
of l re l a n din 1915.B allardh a s m a d e
these visitsalone since he joined the
Deep Submergence Laboratory in
19 6 7 .
But making these visitswas very diffi-
cu l t.Th e m ini- s ubm ar inewsh i c ho n l y
seat one man take over two hours to
reachthe sea-bed,and then can only
stay therefor three hours. Becauseof
these problems, Ballard has devel-
oped two robot submarines which
send him information24 hoursa day.
These robots are known as the Argo-
Jasonsystem.TheArgois loweredby
cablefrom a ship on the surfaceof the
ocean and can followthe floor of the
ocean,sendingback new information
whichenablesBallardand histeamto
make maps.
The Jason,however,is smallerand is
a true robot. lt can move completely
Although it was still attachedto the
surface ship, it actuallywent inside
the Titanic.Jason hastwo controlsys-
tems. lt can be directedfrom the sur-
faceship,or it can be programmedby
computerbeforeit goes down. Either
way, it is smallenoughto get withina
centimetreof its target.
At one time,the qualityof the pictures
Jason sent back to the ship was not
verygood. Newtechnology,however,
hasenabledJasonto sendbackclear,
full colour televisionpicturesto the
sudaceship.An operatorcan sit in the
ship, surrounded by television
screens,and see everythingJason is
filming. Ballardsays it is almost the
same as being in the submarinehim-
self.At hishomebytheseain America,
Ballardhas builtan electroniccentre.
By using satellitelinks he can send
other robots,just like Jason, to vari-
ous undenrvater spotsalloverthe world
- withoutever leavinghis house!
But Ballardsaysthat only a tiny part of
the ocean floor has been explored.
Forexample,the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,a
huge underwatermountainrange, is
the earth's largest geographicalfea-
the moon before it was even discov-
ered underthe ocean.
Ballardalso dreams of people living
underthe sea i n the 21st century.H e
believesthat problems such as the
energyshortageand overcrowdingcan
be resolved by man making use of
parts of the ocean. He believes that
people think that Mars is a friendlier
place to live than under the sea, and
that many are afraidof the idea. But he
says that people have always been
afraid of the unknown, and that we
must rise above these fears.
6
The first step towards living under
water would be in something called
the flip-ship.lt floatsverticallyso that
the wallsbecomefloorsand ceilings.lt
is easy to move, but when it is placed
on itssideit is alsoa verystablevessel.
The waves just roll past and do not
cause any disturbanceto the ship. A
model of this ship has already been
tried out successfullyin America.

113
 TEST1 A p.2
Mission:FCE2

SectionB
word(s)from the list below.Usetheword(s)only once.
Fittin the appropriate
mentally to reduce haYfever live to burst onto
elf-like works carnival to shake crime

7. prevention 12. of art

d. anxiety 13. sufferers
I face 14. the screen
10. season 15. hands
11. disturbed 16, broadcast

Section C
Choosethe correct item.
j7. He watchesthe news everyday, so knows everythingabout (radical / current) issues.
18. He's a very interesting teacherwho managesto (stimulatei manipulate)his students.
1g They havejust heardthe news (article/ bulletin)aboutthe earthquakein Crete'
ZA. Jane went to the boutiqueto buy a new (overall/ outfit) for the wedding.
Zj. When we destroythe rainforestmany animalsbecome(hapless/ harmless)victims.
22. lt is his great (prejudice/ perception)that makeshim such a good judge of character.
29. She'salwaysbeen a (disloyal/ rebellious)child and rarelylistensto her parents.

SectionD
word(s)fromthe list below:
Fittin the gapswith the appropriate
-
inspiration - trend - overwhelming - munched - compassion - flocked naive

2 4 . S h e ' ss o . " . . . . . . .y, o u c o u l dt e l l h e r a n y t h i n ga n d s h e ' d b e l i e v ey o u .

25. Evervone . to the summersales;the shops were so busy!
2 6 . T h e d o n k e yh a p p i l y. . . . . . . . .o n t h e c a r r o t '
2Z. The . at the momentis to wear bright,cheerfulcolours.
28. The sightof the injuredchildrenfilledher with
Zg. The beautifulFrenchcountrysidewas the . for many of Monet'spaintings.
30. The partywas a(n) . success;everyonesaid they enjoyedit.

SectionE
Choosethe coruectparticle(s).
3 1 . He borrowedmoneyfrom the bank to set in / up / off his own business.
32. She did so well in her singinglessonsthat her teachertold her to go into / up to / in for the national
singingcompetition.
33. He couldn'tmake out / up / for the stop sign in the fog and nearlyhad an accident.
34. The detectivelookedafter / through / up the papers,searchingfor anythingsuspicious.
35. His boss promisedto give him a day's holidayto make up for / over / out all the extrahours
he'cjbeenworking.

Section F
Fillin the correct preposition(s).
30. Jasonwas so envious
g7. lf you persist
38. lf you absolutelyinsist
. his neighbour'syachtthat he sank it!
. talking,I'm afraidyou'll haveto leavethe library!
. payingfor the tickets,be my guest'

114
 Mission:FCE2 TEST1 A p.3

39. Do you reallywant to spend so much money . a bikini?

4A. Tracy's mother has become very involved . amateurdramatics.

SectionG
Ghoosethe correctitem.
41. Computershavetaken away much of the . involvedin boring officework.
A) druCgery B) labour C) task D) job
42. I asked for a bigger size becausethe jacket didn't . me.
A) suit B) match C) fit D) go with
43- She . throughthe keyholeto see the presentthey were wrapping.
A) peered B) peeped C) stared D) gazed
44. The summercoursein French . conversation,
grammarand listeningclasses.
A) contains B) concludes c) consists D) comprises
45. The rock band havea club which iheir . can writeto for information.
A) spectators B) fans C) audience D) mob

SeetionH
Fill in the correct word derived from the words in botd.

46. Laurafinds her job as a nursequite ....and tiring. STRESS

47. He's neverbeen abroad beforeand felt very . ... about ENTHUSE
t h e s c h o o lt r i p t o H o l l a n d .
48. My uncle Bob is an extremely.. .. man and has ADVENTURE
traveiledali aroundthe world.
49. Despitehavinga good interview ......she didn't get the job. REGRET
50. The policefound ....evidencethat he had been in the CONCLUDE
houseat the time of the murder,so they arrestedhim.

SectionI
Completethe sentencesusing the wordsin botd.Use two ta five words.
51. When she broke her leg she was unableto look afterherselfanclneededhelp.
care W h e n s h e b r o k eh e r l e g s h e w a s u n a b i e. . . . . . . . .h e r s e l af n d n e e d e dh e l p .
52. He found the antiquevasequiteby accidentwhen he was cleaningout the basement.
chance He found the antiquevasequite .....when he was cleaningout the basement.
53. I hatethe way he assumesthat his motherwill cook his mealsand wash his clothes.
granted I h a t et h e w a y h e . . . . . . . . .h. i s m o t h e rw i l l c o o k h i s m e a l sa n d w a s h h i s c l o t h e s .
54. Ben can't stop thinkingabout playingwith his computer.
obsessed Ben . with his computer.
55. The teacherdidn't let the studentsuse a dictionaryduringthe Englishexam.
allowed The students. ." use a dictionaryduringthe Englishexam.

Section.i
Writean answer to one of the following questions.Writeyour answer in 120-180words in an
approp:riatestyle, giving the outline first.
1 Yourschoolmagazineis runninga competition
forthe bestdescription
of a famousperson
youadmiremost.Writea descriptionon thissubject.
2 Youworkas a journalist
fora newspaper. Writea newsreportaboutan armedrobbery
whichtookplacein the CentralNational
Bank.
115
Misslon;FCE 2

NAME: DATE:
CI.ASS:
(Time:80 minutes)

TEST 1 A (units1 -2)

SectionA

1[-l 2 5 6

SectionB
7. 10. 13. 16.
8. 11 . 14.
9. 12. 15.

SectionC
17. 19. 21. 23.

18. 20. 22.

SectionD
24. 26. 28. 30'
25. 27. 29.

SectionE
31. 32. 33. 34. 35'

SectionF
36. 97. 38. 39. 40'

SectionG
41. 42. 43. 44. 45'

SectionH
46. 48. 50.
47. 49.

116
Mission:FCE2 TEST1 A

SectionI

53

55 55

SectionJ (Writing)

117
Mission:FCE2 TEST1 B

TEST 1 B (Units1 -2l.

(Time:80 minutes)
Section A
Youaregoingto reada newspaperarticle aboutsomeroadside advertising in Spain.Choosethe
mostsuitableheadingfromthe list(A-H)for eachpart(1-6)of the article.Thereis oneextra
headingwhichyou do not needto use.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0)

A The manufacturerssay that most Spaniardsobject to the removalof the bulls.

B None of the possibleoutcomesare particularly
desirable.
C The bullsare especiallyappreciatedby foreigntourists.
D Spain'sfamousadvertisingbullsare soon to be banned.
E managedto bypasspreviouslegislation.
The drinksmanufacturers
F The bullsmay be savedas part of the region'sculturalheritage.
G The companywill arguethat the bullsshouldbe saved.
H Eachof the bullswill be consideredon its own individualmerit.

BullsBringSpanishOut Fighting
plaineda ministryspokesman. But nearby Cadiz.The idea has been
D underthe new regulation "any ele- discussed,but no action has yet
installation" beentaken.
The black billboards,more than mentof an advertising
has been prohibited. The ministry
twelve metres high, have stood
stressed that each of the ninety-
above main roads for nearlyforty
yearsand havebecomepartof the seven bulls
surviving will be looked
nationallandscape.But undernew at as a separatecase. But since
placedon hilltops,cliffsor Thedecisionto removethe bullsis
lawswhichcomeintoforcethisweek, mostare
Spainlookslikelyto loseitsfamous mountain-sides, all - apart from a likelyto causean outcry.In 19BB the
- go. well-publicisedpoll
roadsidebullsilhouettes,whichwill few urbanareas willhaveto
in company ran a
in which75 per cent of Spaniards
becomeillegalroadsideadvert-
ising. objectedto theplanson thegrounds
that the bullswere "typicallySpan-
ish,aesthetic, did not disturb,and
The producershave made it clear werenotthoughtof as advertising".
O r i g i n a l l yd e s i g n e dt o a d v e r t i s e that they will fight the decision.
"Clearlywe haveno legaldefence,
Veterano, a popularSpanishdrink,
the bulls have been under threat but we will try to save them," ex-
plaineda companyrepresentative, None of the availablealternatives
since 19BBwhen the government
bannedall advertising visiblefrom ClaireFilhol."We will try to show are happy ones. lf the company
nationalhighwaysoutsidetowns that,especially sincethe namewas d o e s n ' t r e m o v e t h e b u l l s w h e n
paintedoutsixyearsago,the bullis asked, it will be liablefor heavy
a n d c i t i e s .T h e d r i n k s c o m p a n y
paintedouta pictureofthedrinkand not identified withany product." fines.Equally,findingnew sitesfor
its nameto leavea plainsilhouette the bullswillbe costly,as eachbull
andthe government tookno action. weighs50,000kg. lt is more likely
thatthe bullswillend up as collec-
Anotherpossibilityis that Andalu- tors' items.Preserved they may be,
s i a ' s r e g i o n a lg o v e r n m e n ct o u l d but they certainlywon't be free.
applyto listthe bullsas partof the
"The decisionwas postponedbe- culturalheritage. ManuelPrieto,the
cause the law was unclearabout bulls' creator,who is now recog-
advertisementwithoutwriting,"ex- nisedas a leadingfigurein Spanish
design,was bornand studiedart in

118
Mission:FCE2 TEST1 B p.2

Section B
Fillin the appropriateword(s) from the list. Use the word(s) onty once.
the key to commit a matter proneto snatches
remnants life-long to collect to tuneinto to stroke
7. of life or death 12. of conversation
8. a(n) friend 13. the weatherforecast
9. a cat 14. acts of violence
10. to success 15. the of history
11. to be disease 16. data

SectionC
Choosethe correctitem.
17. She didn't get a placeat universitybecauseshe was unableto (fulfil/ fill) all the requirements.
18. He'san (accessible/ approachable)manand peoplefeelcomfortablegoingto himfor helpand advice.
19. She had to (alternatelalter) her clothesto make them smallerwhen she lostweight.
20. The littlegirl dreamedof being a princessand wearinga beautiful(frilly / boxy) dress.
21. Her sister'swedding dress was made of silk and (embroidered/ woven) with a flower pattern.
22. The fire brigadewere calledto deal with the (flame lblaze); it took them six hours to put it out.
23. His fatherwas in a terrible(ragei misery)when his son was broughthome by the police.

SectionD
Fillin the gapswiththe appropriate
word(s)fromthe list below:
decent - dowdy - provoke -hostile - reverence - aspects - glamorise
24. She was very . towards me and obviouslywanted me to leave.
25. The boy triedto .... ....Richardintofightingby throwinga stoneat him.
26. Advertisers are accusedof tryingto ... .....productslike cigarettesand alcohol.
27. When they releasedBob from prison he vowed that he'd lead a(n) . life.
28. He feelsgreat . towardsWilliamWallace,who foughtfor Scottlancl'sinrJependence all his life.
29. Althoughhe is an honestman,thereare certain.... .....of his personalityI stronglydislike.
30. I felt rather..... ....in my grey dress,comparedto Triciain her goicJand whiteone.

SectionE
Fillin the correctparticte(s).
31. He promisedto lookinto I atler/ throughthe matterof the stolenmoney.
32. ThehungrytravellersmadeafterI tor / up the restaurantat the top of the hill.
33. Thereis no dangerof the bombgoingup / aheadI ott as it hasbeendealtwithby the police.
34. Theyfinallymanaged to putalltheirluggagein the carandsetfor I ottI up on theirjourney.
35. f wasworriedtherewouldn'tbe enoughfoodto go roundI ott lthrough,so I madesome
moresandwiches.

SectionF
Fillin the correctpreposition(s).
36. As a teenagershe was obsessed losingweight.
37. The groom gazed . his bride lovinglyas she enteredthe church.
38. Her constantencouragementaided him . . his attemptto beat the world weightliftingrecord.
39. Simondisapproved.. .......the way his sisterlivedher life.
40. Outsidethe warehousetherewas a sign saying,"Beware.. ......the dog!"

119
Mission:FCE2 TEST1 B p.3

Section G
Choose the correct item.
41. He ... . . . . .m
. e of allmy money.
A) stole B) robbed C) mugged D) raped

42. The teams ran onto the . for the start of the footballchampionships.
A) court B) course C) rink D) pitch

43. Do you haveto ... ......into your apple so noisily?

A) crunch B) lick C) lap D) suck

44. When he crashedhis car into the wall,he damagedthe front

A) aerial B) bumper C) clutch D) boot

45. When he didn't botherto come to her party,he really . her feelings.
A) wounded B) injured C) hurt D) spoiled

Section H
Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the words in bold.
46. Winningthreegold medalsin the Olympicswas a ......achievement. MASS
47. When he arguedwith the refereehe receiveda yellowcard for........... behaviour. SPORT
48. Her Spanishimproved. ....aftershe spent her summerholidayin Madrid. SIGNIFICANT
49. Many ThirdWorld countriessufferdiseaseslike cholerabecause DISPOSE
of insufficient
waste ..... .......systems.
50. The pilot apologisedto the passengers for any .,...causedby the delay. CONVENIENT

SectionI
Completethesentencesusingthe wordsin bold.Usetwoto fivewords.
51. Marytried not to get angry when her niece broke her favouritevase.
lose Mary tried not . .. her niece broke her favouritevase.
52. Waitersare servingdrinks beforethe concertbegins.
being Drinks beforethe concert begins.
53. He said he would preferto know the truth, even if it was bad news.
rather He said he ... ....the truth,even if it was bad news.
54. I assuredher that I would do what I had promised and meet her later.
keep I assuredher that I would . and meet her later.
55. The restaurantwhere we usuallygo for my birthdayhas closed down.
which The restaurant ......for my birthdayhas closeddown.

Section J
Writean answerto one of the followingquestions.Writeyour answerin 120-180wordsin an
appropriatestyle,givingthe outlinefirst.

1 Yourschoolmagazine is running forthebestdescription

a competition village
of a seaside
Writeyourdescription.
in yourcountry.
2 Youhavedecided rulessaythatthestorymustbegin
Thecompetition
to entera shortstorycompetition.
with the words: "Havingreachedthe highestpointof theirroute,Markand Simondiscoveredsomething
unexpected."
Writeyourstoryfor the competition.

120
Mission:FCE2

NAME: DATE:
CLASS:

(Time:80 minutes)

TEST 1 B (Units1-21
SectionA

1[-l z 5

SectionB
7. 10. 13. 16.
8. 11. 14.
9. 12. 15.

SectionC
17. 19. 21 23.
18. 20. 22.

SectionD
24. 26. 28. 30.
25. 27. 29.

SectionE
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

SectionF
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

SectionG
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

SectionH

46. 48. 50.

47. 49.

121
Mission:FCE2 TEST1 B p.2

SectionI
51
51

52
52

53

54
54

55
55

SectionJ (Writing)

122
Mission:FCE2

TEST1 A KEY
A. 1. G 2. B 3.H 4.A 5.F 6.C
B. 7. crime 10. carnival 13. hayfever 16. live
8. to reduce 11. mentally 14. to burstonto
9. elf-like 12. works 15. to shake
c. 17. current 19. bulletin 21. hapless 23. rebellious
18. stimulate 20. outfit 22. perception
D. 24. naive 26. munched 28. compassion 30. overwhelming
25. flocked 27. trend 29. inspiration
E. 3 1 . up 32. in tor 33. out 34. through 35. up for
F. 36. of 37. in 38. on 39. on 4 0 .i n
G. 41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. B
H. 46. stressful 47. enthusiastic 48. adventurous 49. regrettably 50. conclusive
5 1 . . . .t o t a k ec a r eo f . . . 53. ...takesit for grantedthat ...
52. ...by chance... 54. ... is obsessedwith playing...
J. (Suggested answers)
1. Ever since I saw the film Terminator,Arnold Schwarzeneggerhas been my favouriteactor. In that film, as usual,
he played a very tough character.
He is quite tall and he is very well built,due to the years he spent as a body-builder.In fact, it was afterhe had
won an internationalbody-buildingchampionship,taking the "Mr Universe"title,that he became an actor.
Schwarzeneggeris, and always has been, very determinedto succeed in whateverhe does. He rose to the top
of the body-buildingworld.Then afterhis firstfilm, in which he playeda modern-dayHercules,he beganteaching
himselfEnglishto get betterroles.Sincethen, his hard work has paid off and he has starredin severalsmash hit
movies.
After his huge successesin these fields, he started his own business.With other Hollywoodstars he opened a
chain of celebrityrestaurants- PlanetHollywood- and new ones are opening all over the world.
Some have said that he has been too successful,but I think he has earned it through his determinationand
perseverance.

2. Lastnight a daring robberytook place at the CentralNationalBank in Bond Street.Policespecialforces stormed

the bank at 5.30 pm to rescuethirty people who they thought were being held at gunpoint.
At 1.30 pm, six men walkedcasuallyintothe bank,pulledon masks,knockedout securitymen,disabledsecurity
camerasand ordered everyoneto lie on the floor. Stafftried to push panic buttons but the cunning gunmen had
alreadycut all telephonelines.
Staffweresubsequentlyorderedtoopenthesafeand loadtenmillionpoundsworthofgold bullionintofourtransit
vans waitingin the basementvault,which normallyhandlesdeliveriesfrom securityvans.
Once the vans had leftthe bank,the remaininggunmenforcedthe bank manager,staffand customersinto the
now-emptyvaultand lockedthem up inside.Then the gunmenfled, callingthe policetwo hours laterand issuing
their demandsas if still insidethe bank. By the time the police stormedthe bank, the robberswere miles away.
ChiefInspectorBenn said in a statementissuedthis morning,"Thesecriminalsare going to be very difficultto
track, but we are confidentthat they will eventuallybe apprehended."
A reward is being offeredfor any informationleading to the arrest of anyone involvedin the robbery.

MarkingSchemefor Test 1 A
Section A: 6 itemsx 2 pointseach- 12 SectionF: 5 itemsx pointeach = 5
Section B: 10 itemsx 1 point each - 10 SectionG: 5 itemsx pointeach _ 5
SectionC: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach- 14 SectionH: 5 itemsx pointeach = 5
SectionD: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach- 14 Sectionl: 5 itemsx pointeach 5
SectionE: 5 itemsx 1 point each - 5 SectionJ: (Writing) 25
T o t a l 1 0 0x 2 : 2 O , 0

123
Mission:FCE 2

TEST1 B KEY
A. 1.E 2. H 3.G 4. F 5.A 6.8

B. 7. a matter 9. to stroke 11. proneto 13. to tune into 15. remnants

I. life-long 10. the key 12. snatches 14. to commit 16. to collect

C. 17. fulfil 19. alter 21. embroidered 23. rage

18. approachable 20. frilly 22. blaze

D. 24. hostile 26. glamorise 28. reverence 30. dowdy

25. provoke 27. decent 29. aspects

E. 31. into 32. tor 33. off 34. ott 35. round

F. 36. with 37. at 38. in 39. of 40. of

G. 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C

H. 46. massive 47. unsporting 48. significantly 49. disposal 50. inconvenience

l. 51. ...to losehertemperwhen ,.. 53. ...wouldrather... 55. ...to whichwe usuallygo ...I
52. ...are beingserved... 54. ... keepmy word ... ...whichwe usuallygo to ...

J. (Suggestedanswers)
1. Lochalineis a picturesqueseasidevillagein Morvernon west coast of Scotland;you can take a tiny car-
ferry acrossthe waterto the islandof Mull.
Theareaissurroundedby beautiful woodlandsandforestswhicharehometo hugenumbersof wildanimals
includingospreysand red deer. Sealsare also attractedto the area,probablybecauseof the fish farms.
Lochaline usedto befamousfor itspurewhitesand,tonnesof whichwasquarriedandshippedto Edinburgh
to be made into fire crystal.Now, however,the only real industryin the area is fish farmingand forestry.
The besttimeto visitLochalineis during"WestHighlandWeek",whichis a week-longyachtraceroundthe
islandsof the westcoast.You can easilyseethe yachtsas they racefrom Obanand manyrace-followers set
down anchorin Lochaline'snaturalharbour.
lf you'regoingto Lochalinefor "WestHighlandWeek",I recommendstayingat the SwanHotelbecauseof
its fantasticviews of the bay.

2. Havingreachedthe highestpointof theirroute,Markand Simondiscoveredsomethingunexpected. Both

of them were alreadytired,and this was the finalstraw
They had been climbingtowardsthe peak for five days,and therewas a storm approaching.They knew
that they had to get off the mountainquickly.Belowthem, they saw that the quickest descentwas now
impossible.An avalanchehad lefttons of snow and rock acrosstheir path.
Simonmurmuredaccusinglyunderhis breath,"l thoughtyou saidthat avalanches only happenduring
the rainyseason,Mark,"he said.
"Well,I guess nobodytold this one that the wet seasonis stillfour monthsaway,"came the angry reply.
"Anyway,let's not argue now, this is a big problem.We'vegot to work togethernow, Simon."
Two hours later,Simonsuddenlystoppeddead, "Look,we can crossthe chasm,the avalanchehas
filledit!"
"Yes,you'reright,"repliedMarkexcitedly."Andoncewe'reon the otherside,it'llonlytakeus six hoursto
get to basecamp." The two friendshurriedfonruard, eagerto get home.

MarkingSchemefor Test 1 B
Section A: 6 itemsx 2 pointseach = 12 Section F: 5 itemsx point each _ 5
Section B: 10 itemsx 1 point each = 10 Section G: 5 itemsx point each - 5
SectionC: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach= 14 SectionH: 5 itemsx point each : 5
SectionD: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach: 14 Sectionl: 5 itemsx point each = 5
Section E: 5 itemsx 1 point each - 5 Section J: (Writing) =25

Total 100x2:2A,O

124
 Mission:FCE 2 TEST2 A

TEST2 A (Units3 - 4)
(Time:80 minutes)
SectionA
Youare goingto reada magazine articleaboutcoral.Sixsentenceshavebeenremovedfrom
thearticle.Choosefromthe sentences(A-H)the onewhichfitseachgap (1-G).Thereis oneextra
sentence whichyou do not needto use.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0)
Coral-Replacement
for HumanBone

Coral reefs have been called the rainforestsof the
oceans becauseof the rich diversityof fifethey sup-
port. 0 E] The pfants in tropical rainforests
are well-knownfor their healingpowers.They have
givenup to halfof allthe medicinesin use in the world
today. Now it looksas if coral reefsmay havetheirown
medicaluse,not in providingdrugs,but in supplying
materialsfor mendingthe humanskeleton.
E TheGreatBarrierReef,forexample, runs
for nearly2,000kilometres alongthe eastcoastof
Australia.The buildersof the reefsare tiny marine
animalscalledpolyps.Whenpolypsdie,theirskel-
etonsbecomepartofthereef, formingthematerial we
knowas coral.Coralcomesin a rangeof beautiful
colours,amongthemred,pinkand gold. 2 f]
However,in recentyears medicalscientistshave
foundcoraltobe usefulforbonereplacement opera-
tions.Somecoralspecieshavea similarstructure to
bone.Whenusedto treatan injury,it strengthens
the
boneand is eventuallyabsorbedintothe bodyonce
its roleis complete.Overthe pastfew years,thou-
sandsof operationsusingcoralhavebeenperformed
in France. g f]
Medicalcoral is collectedfrom the reefsin the warm
seas around the South Pacificislands.These reefs
may provideanothersourceof bone replacementas
well. Mother-of-pearlis the materialfound on the
insideof certainshellssuchas thatof the oyster.Apart
from its beauty,it is a very tough substanceand can
easily be worked into differentshapes. Mother-of-
pearl'sremarkablepropertieswereknownby ancient
civilisations. 4 t-]
Now French scientistshave shown that mother-of-
pearlis not only capableof replacinga pieceof bone,
but actuallyof stimulatingbone re-growth.lt has been
used successfullyin dentalsurgeryto replacedam-
aged bone, therebypreventingtooth loss. S
E
Peopleare concernedthatthe collectionof coraland
mother-of-pearl could damage marineecosystems.
But one day, artificialmother-of-pearl could become
available.Scientistsin Americaare searchingfor the
geneswhich egple oystersto manufacturethis sub-
stance. 6 | | For the near future,therefore,
we will continueto rely on the sea for these precious
materialsthat can heal our broken bones.

A Now the techniqueis beingtriedout by doctorsin this countryas well.

B Reefsand rain forestsmay be similarin anotherway, too.
C Becauseof this, it has long been valuedfor its beautyand is often made into jewellery.
D Bone consistsof a proteinsubstancesupportedby a net of microscopicblood vessels.
E But it will be many years beforethis syntheticmother-of-pearl
is available,and
no one knows how to make artificialcoral.
F coral reefsare the largestnaturalstructureson earth.
G RecentlydiscoveredMayanskulls,dating back thousandsof years,containentiresets
of falseteeth made from mother-of-pearl.
H The resultis healthygums and firmly-positioned
teeth.

125
 TEST2 A p.2
Mission FCE2

SectionB
word(s)fromthe tist.Usetheword(s)only once.
Filtin the appropriate
to foresee highlY inflatable a sense to sPread
well-stocked to charge survival to beat circuits

7. the message 12. a fee

B. techniques 13. the record
regarded 14. plasticitems
9.
10. 15. the future
1 1 . i-i"pn",; . :l ::"0:nsibiritY 16. fridge

Section G
Choose the correct item-
1T. The new architecthas createdseveral(contemporary/ temporary) designs.
1g. Americansare worriedabout rising(emigrationi immigration)levelsintotheircountry.
1g. Duringthe Gold Rush,many villag-es turnedinto (boom / bang) towns as thousandsof prospectors
flooded the area.
20. Alchemiststriedfor centuriesto (converti converse)lead into gold.
21. The fugitivemanagedto (outbid / outsmart)his pursuersby disguisinghimselfas a monk.
ZZ. The coachtriedto (instil/ install)a senseof purposeintothe dispiritedteam.
23. As soon as lunch was over, my fatherwent for his afternoon(relaxation/ snooze) in his favourite
armchair.

SectionD
word(s)fromthe list below:
Fittin the gapswith the appropriate
- - -transmit
attributed - paramount - mundane - encounter spin digest
24. Even if you . difficulties, you shouldnevergive up'
ZS. After a large meal you should rest for a whileto ... ......your food more easily.
26. The president'ssafetyis of . importanceto his bodyguards'
27. Modern technology makes it possible to . any kind of information'
Zg. Dave couldn't having
res''st a last . on the roulettetable beforeleavingthe casino'
29. The cause of the fire has been ' to faultywiring.
30. lf you are fed up with everyday ... activities, just do somethingmore exciting!

SectionE
Choosethe correctPartfcle(s).
31. The antiquesdealerasked Mr Smithwhere he had come out / by i to the vase.
rnade
92. The two girls were alwaysfallingthrough / in with / out with each other,but they usually
friendsagainquicklY.
33. The firementook more than an hour to put out / off / up the blazeat the warehouse.
to finishthe
34. Becausethe projectwas runningback / behind / off schedule,extramen were hired
building.
35. When I was tidyingup my room I came across / along / over an old tape that I'd lost.

SectionF
Fillin the correctpreposition(s).
36. When he was confronted....' ..'.the evidence,the thiefconfessed'
97. since she becamepregnant, she has a liking . the strangestfood.

126
Mission:FCE2 TEST2 A p.3

38. The tax officeneededto have access .......all the firm's financialrecords.
39. The peacetreatyrequireda largereduction .......the numberof nuclearweapons.
40. lt takes sailorsdays to adjust . being ashoreagain.

SectionG
Ghoosethe correctitem.
41. The cut was very deep, so he went to the hospitarto have it .......
A) sewed B) stitched c) knitted D) embroidered
42. The builder'shourly.... ... was very low becausehe was inexperienced.
A) wage B) salary C) income D) profit
43. I don't know him very well; he's just a(n) .
A) mate B) partner c) companion D) acquaintance
44. lt is a common .......to shakehandswhen being introducedto somebody.
A) culture B) tradition C) custom D) habit
45. A solid brick wall is
A) opaque B) transparent C) translucent D) frosted

SectionH
Fillin the correctword derivedfrom the wordsin bord.
46. Many rat poisonsare no longer...... EFFECT
47. lsaw an ... ... performanceby an unknownactor in a play lastnight. EXCEPTTON
48. Childrenshouldbe taughtto be ... to theirelders. RESPECT
49. The earthquakeonly affecteda small area despiteits severity. REIATE
50. . is a necessaryvirtueif you wish to work with young children. TOLERATE

SectionI
Completethesentencesusingthe wordsln botd.Usetwoto fivewords.
51. The diamondnecklaceGeorgegave his wife is veryvaluabre.
worth The diamondnecklaceGeorgegave his wife .....money.
52. They decidedto go out for a walk even though it was rainingheavily.
despite They decidedto go out for a walk ... rain.
53. I haven'tspoken to John for ages.
contact I have John.
54. "Whydon't we all go to the cinematomorrownight?"asked Bob.
going Bob . the cinemathe next night.
55. Afterthe war, many soldierswent into hiding becausethey were afraidof being persecuted.
fear Afterthe war, many soldierswent into hiding ..... ... persecuted,

Section J
Writean answerto one of the followingquestions.Writeyour answerin 120-180wordsin an
appropriatestyle,givingthe outlinefirst.
1 Severalaccidentshave occured outsideyour local school.Writea letter to the local authorities,
complainingabout the lack of proper signpostsand the indifferencethey have shown to the problem
so far.
2 Your teacherhas asked you to write a compositionon the subject:"Friends- the mostimportantthing
in life?'write a composition giving your opinionon this subject.

127
Mission:FCE 2

NAME: DATE:
CIASS:
(Time:80 minutes)

TEST2A (units3-4)
SectionA

rl-l 2 5

SectionB
7. 10. 13. .. 16.

8. 11 . 14.

9. 12. 15.

SectionC
1 7. 19. 2 1. 23.
18. 20. 22.

SectionD
24. 26. 28. 30'
25. 27. 29.

SectionE
31. 92. 33. 34. 35'

SectionF
36. 97. 38. 39. 40.

SectionG
41. 42. 43. 44- 45.

SectionH
46. 48. 50.
47. 49.

128
Mission; FCE 2 TEST 2 A p.2

SectionI

51 51

52 52

54 54
n

55 55

SectionJ (Writing)

129
Mission:FCE2 TEST2 B

TEST2B (Units3-4)
(Time:80 minutes)
SectionA
You are going to read a magazinearticleabout unusualcreatures.Six sentenceshave been
removedfrom the article.Choosefrom the sentences(A-H),the one which fits each gap (1-6).
Thereis one extrasentencewhich you do not need to use.There is an exampleat the
b e g i n n i n g( 0 ) .
The Creatures that Time Forgot
The processof evolutionhas beenveryhardon some they havecreateda laboratoryin underwatercavesin
creatures.Just think of the dinosaurs.These,and orderto do this.
many other species,were unable to adapt to the In equallydarkcavesunderthesea,therehasbeenan
changingenvironmentand as a resultdied out. But even more syrpriEingdiscovery:a spongethat eats
sometimes,a specieshas managedto hideawayand meat. 4 | I The water is cold and still, and
liveon. 0 tE containingvery littlenutrition.Facedwith this lack of
food that other sponges take from the water, this
The remarkablething about thesethree is that they speciesstartedcatchingtinyseaanimalslikeshrimps
have not changedfor millionsof years.They have and prawnsand eatingthem. 5 |-]
rernainedhiddenawavin someof the darkestunder-
water placeson earth. 1 n They lack light The mostfamousof allthesecreaturesthoughis the
and food and the creaturesthat live in them have coelacanth.This ancientfish has livedin the sea for
had to struggleto survive.Since caves are isolated more than 300 millionyears. Until 1938,scientists
places,the creaturesfound in them are often com- thoughtit had died out a longtime before.Then,one
pletelyunique. *as caughtin the lndianOcean. 6 t-] Arecent
study showed that, unlike other fish, it lives and
2 n lt is the white salamander,which is a breedsin caves,andthe onlytimeitventuresout isfor
memberof a species350millionyearsold - olderthan food.
the dinosaur.Over the last 20 millionyears,it has
been drivento isolatedplacesas it triedto escapeits As a resultof fishingand tourism,the coelacanthis
hunters.The underwatercavewas the idealplace.In in great danger of dying out. Expertssay there are
factthesalamandermanagedto hideso successfully only about 200 of them left.lt seemsthat the isolation
thatthe firstsightingwasn'treporteduntil1689. whichprotectedtheseancientcreaturesfor millionsof
yearsis no more. Human beingsare, of course,the
The salamanderis usuallya pale, milky colour and biggest threat to them, and now that their secret
almostblind,with only very simpleeyes. 3 E placeshavebeendiscovered,they havenowhereleft
The salamanderis underthreat,though,as a result to go.
of pollutionin undergroundrivers.Scientistshave
had problemstryingto developsalamandereggs,so

A The most exoticof these creatureslivesdeep in an underwatercave in Europe.

B The fish had fins like legs and thesehavenot changedover millionsof years.
C lt was discoveredin a cavethat was flooded7,000yearsago.
D Theseare caveswhich havenot been properlyexplored.
E Thiswas the only way this strangecreaturecould survive.
F Meat-eating sponges,coelacanthsand the whitesalamanderare membersof three
s u c hs p e c i e s .
G lt can live up to 100years,and can apparentlysurvivefor decadeswithoutfood.
H Many dinosaurslived in caves becausethey were hunted.

130
Mission:FCE 2 TEST2 B p.2

Section B
Fill in the appropriateword(s) from the list Use the word(s) only once.
to underestimateopen-air doubt to serve outstanding
to spark stomach-spinning purring to decrease boom
7. yourinterest 12. .. a function
B. a(n) collection 13. the .... of an engine
9. displays 14. .. the ability
10. productivity 15. beyond
11. a(n) intrade 16. a(n) . . .r i d e

SectionC
Choosethe correctitem.
17. The police have recentlybeen giventrainingin (urban / suburb) warfaretactics.
18. The coursegives prospectivestudentsa(n) (insight / sight) into universitylife.
19. Everythingshe says is (conducive/ contradictory)to what she actuallydoes; she is such a hypocrite!
20. Becauseof theirfans' violentbehaviourat matches,the FootballAssociationdecidedto
(relegate/ relocate)the tea:rito a lowerdivision.
21. The Lockheartsdecidedto (instil / install; a lacuzziin their bathroom.
22. LuckilyI managedto (grab / grasp) Tommy beforehe ran out into the oncomingtraffic.
23. lt is usuallyhard to (trail I trace) people'sfamilytreesfurtherback than five generations.

SectionD
Fillin the gapswith the appropriateword(s)fromthe list below:
flounder - famine - conducive - in the lurch - maintenance - cram - wicked

24. Sue and Jane carriedoff the roles of Cinderella's step-sisterswith ease.
25. Beethovenfound the peaceand quietof the countryside.. .......to composingmusic.
26. Rosiewanted to .... . as much as possibleinto her suitcasebecauseshe was going away
for a whole year.
27. The . of a largegardenlike ours is a full-timejob.
28. "LiveAid"was a massivemoney-raising concertin aid of those livingin .... ......-stricken
countries.
29. Her self-confidencebegan to .... . aftershe was severelycriticisedby her boss.
30. "How could you go out and leaveme .. ....when therewas stillso much work to do?"

SectionE
Choosethe correctparticle(s).
31. Ourcar runson / off / by unleaded petrol.
32. As I couldn'tdialdirect,I calledthe operatorto put me off / on / through.
33. Whileshewasill,Pollyfellaway/ back/ behindwithherschoolwork.
34. Jillwasso busythatshehadto putasideI ott lon herhairdresser's appointment.
35. Afterfainting,Chrisdidn'tcomeover / round/ back untilshewastakento hospital.

SectionF
Fillin the correctpreposition(s).
36. Timingwas vital . the successof the spy's mission.
37. The unsignedmanuscripthas been attributed . Shakespeare.
38. Some of the children'swork is .... ....displayin the schoolentrancehall.

131
Mission:FCE2 TEST2 B p.3

39. I don'tknowwhy,but I'mverysuspicious everything

Lornasays.
40. Alan'sparentsaretryingto instila senseof responsibility . theirson.

SectionG
Choosethe correctitem.
toldthe passengers
41. Theair-hostess to fastentheirseatbelts
and . .......the strapto fit.
A) adjust B) adapt C) adopt D)acquire
42. Don'tthinkMr lmriewillchangehismindeasily.
He'svery. ........
!
A) greedy B)conceited C) stubborn D)snobbish
43. We can'tgo on holidaythisyear- our . aretoo low.
A) fees B)funds C)fines D) costs
44. TheRomansbuiltmany.......dedicated
to Diana,Goddessof the Hunt.
A) temples B) monuments C) columns D) posts
45. Thereareseveraltypesof insectswhichlivein
A) communities B)societies C)associations D) colonies

SectionH
Fillin the correctword derivedfrom the wordsin bold.
46. I don't believein the ....of ghosts. EXIST
47. Adrienneis a very worker,and is a creditto our company. INDUSTRY
48. Havingto move back home after university,Jonathanreally DEPEND
m i s s e dh i s . .
49. ....,the authoris releasinghis new book next month. APPEAR
. .f h i m t o g i v e u p h i s j o b b e f o r ef i n d i n ga n o t h e ro n e .
5 0 . l t w o u l db e . . . . . . . .o SENSE

SectionI
Completethesentencesusingthe wordsin bold.Usetwoto fivewords.
51. Sandraset her alarmclock an hour earlier,so that she wouldn'tbe late.
avoid Sandraset her alarmclock an hour earlier .. late.
52. Sammy went to the bank to open an account.
view Sammy went to the bank .......an account.
53. I alwaysthink of Mattas a generousperson.
regard | ...... . . . b e i n g a g e n e r o u sp e r s o n .
54. "Youtook my car withoutaskingme, didn't you Joe?"Tom said.
accused Tom car without asking him.
55. Sarahtook the train into town becausethe bus driverswere on strike.
due Sarahtook the train into town ..thebus driverswere on strike .

Section J
Writean answerto one of the two followingquestions.Writeyour answerin 120- 180wordsin
an appropriatestyle,givingthe outlinefirst.
1 Youarea seniorstudent andyouthinkthefoodandservice
at a college areverypoor.
inthecanteen
Writea letterto the Principal
of the college,complaining and givingsuggestions.
aboutthe situation
2 Yourteacherhasaskedyou to writea composition
on the question'.
"Doyou thinkmuch stricter
punishments
wouldreducetheamountof crime?"Writea compositiongivingyouropinionon this
subject.

132
Mission:FCE 2

NAME: DATE:
GLASS:

(Time:80 minutes)

TEST2 B (units3-4)

18. 20. 22.

SectionD
24. 26. 28. 30.
25. 27. 29.

SectionE
31. 32.

SectionF
36.

SectionG
41.

SectionH
46. 48. 50.
47. 49.

133
Mission:
FCE2 TEST2 B p.2

SectionI

51 51

52 52

s4 54

55 55

SectionJ (Writing)

134
Mission:FCE2

TEST 2 A KEY
A. 1.F 2. C 3.A 4. G 5.H 6.E
B. 7. to spread 9. highly 11. circuits 13. to beat 15. to foresee
8. survival 10. a sense 12. to charge 14. inflatabfe 16. well-stocked
C. 17. contemporary 19. boom 21. outsmart 23. snooze
18. immigration 20. convert 22. instil
D. 24. encounter 26. paramount 28. spin 30. mundane
25. digest 27. transmit 29. attributed
E. 31. by 32. outwith 33. out 34. behind 35. across.
F. 36. with 37. tor 38. to 39. in 40. to
G. 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45.A
H. 46. effective 47. exceptional 48. respectful 49. relatively 50. Tolerance
l. 51. ... is wortha lot of ... 53. ...lostcontactwith ... 54. ...for fearof being...
52. ...despitethe heavy... 55. ...suggestedgoingto ...

J. (Suggestedanswers)
1. DearSir,
lam writingto complaininthestrongestterms aboutthelackof signposts SchoolonWood
outsideStGeorge's
Lane.
WoodLaneis a busyroadwithveryheavytraffic,especially in the morning.Threechildrenhavealreadybeen
injured,oneof whomhadto spendalmostamonthin hospital. Obviously,trafficsignsareneededto letdriversknow
thereis a schoolnearby,andthuslotsof children.
I havealreadywrittenseverallettersto you regardingthis matter,none of which have receiveda reply.I
suggested erectingschoolcrossing a muchlowerspeedlimit,30mph,andmakingthestreet
signs,signsindicating
a no parkingzone.
Themostsensible optionwouldbe to banparkingandreducethespeedlimit.Thendriverscouldseechildren
beforetheystepontothe road,or brakebeforean accidentoccurs.
Thisintolerablesituationhasexistedfortoo longandyourindifference Therefore
to it is unforgivable. I demandthat
youtakeimmediate action,andif nothinghasbeendonebytheendofthemonthI shallreferthematterto mylawyer.
Yourssincerely,
Mr StevenCrowtown
2. Whilefriendship is veryimportant,anda lifewithoutfriendswouldbe unbearable, I do notthinkthatfriendship
isthemostimportant thingin life.Familyrelationships
arealsoveryimportant, andof courseourownfeelingof self-
worthis centralto havinga happy,fulfilling life.
Friendsdo playa majorrolein life.Whileourfamiliesgiveus a senseof securityand belonging, friendsare
peoplewe chooseto be with.Friendsarefor sharingsecretswithand for havinga goodtimewith- we canfeel
freewithour friendsin a waythat is difficultto do withinthe familycircle.
Anotherrolefriendsplayis in boostingour senseof self-assurance. Whensomeonebecomesa realfriend
he or she acceptsus as we are and respectsboththe similarities and differences thatexistbetweenus.They
willinglytakeus intotheirlives,unlikefamilymembers, who in a sensehaveno choiceaboutsharingtheirlives
with us.
All in all,whileI believefriendsplayan extremely rolein our lives,otherfactorsinfluence
significant how
happyand satisfyingour livesare.Friendsare important,but theyare not the onlythingthat matters.

MarkingSchemefor Test 2 A
SectionA: 6itemsx2pointseach-12 S e c t i o n G : 5 i t e m s x 1 p o i n t e a c h= 5
S e c t i o n B : 1 0 i t e m s x 1p o i n t e a c h - 1 0 S e c t i o n H : 5 i t e m s x 1 p o i n t e a c h_ 5
SectionC: Titemsx2pointseach*14 S e c t i o n l : 5 i t e m s x l p o i n t e a c h_ 5
SectionD: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach- 14 SectionJ: (Writing) =25
Section E: 5 itemsx 1 point each : 5
SectionF: 5 itemsx 1 point €dch = 5 Totaf 100x2:2O,O

135
Mission:FCE2

TEST2 B KEY
A. 1. D 2. A 3.G 4.c 5.E 6.8

B. 7. to spark 9. open-air 11. boom 1 3 . purring 15. doubt

8. outstanding 10. to decrease 12. to serve 14. to underestimate 16. stomach-spinning

c. 1 7 . urban 19. contradictory 21. install 23. trace

1 8 . insight 20. relegate 22. grab
D. 24. wicked 26. cram 28. famine 30. in the lurch
25. conducive 27. maintenance 29. flounder
E. 31. on 32. through 33. behind 34. off 35. round
F. 36. to 37. to 38. on 39. of 40. in
G. 41. A 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D
H. 46. existence 47. industrious 48. independence 49. Apparently 50. senseless
t. 5 1 . . . .t o a v o i db e i n g. . . 53. ... alwaysregardMattas ... 55. ... due to the factthat ...
52. ...witha viewto opening... 54. ... accusedJoe of takinghis ...

J . (Suggestedanswers)
1 . DearMr Thomson.
I am writingto complainaboutthe qualityof the food and servicein the collegecanteen.
Overthe pastfew monthsI havenoticeda distinctdecreasein standards. To beginwith,the cookedmealsare
neverhot but luke-warm, andarefrequently servedon plateswhichhavenot beenproperlywashed.I am surean
effectivehot-plateand dishwasher wouldsolvetheseproblems.
Secondly, the actualfoodchosenfor cookingis of a veryinferiorqualityand I am surewellpastitssell-by-date.
Surelytheremustbe quality-control measures to ensurethateveryoneeatingtheredoesnot getfood poisoning!
Lastbut not least,I am sorryto saythatwhenI spoketo the canteenmanagerto lodgemy complaint,he was
extremelyrudeand indifferent.
unacceptable.
I am afraidthatlfind the levelof servicecompletely Couldthe collegenotarrangesometraining
coursesfor the canteenstaff?lt wouldmakethe canteena muchmorepleasantplaceto eat.
I hopestepswill be takento improvethe situationand the matterwill receiveyour immediateattention.
Yourssincerely,
MissF. Lora

2. No one can denythatthe crimerateis increasing, but thereis muchdebateas to howthe problemshouldbe
combated. Moreandmore peoplethinkthatmuchstricterpunishments wouldreducetheamountof crime.ln my
opinion,thistacticwouldnot workfor a varietyof reasons.
Firstly,peopleshouldlook into the reasonswhy crime happens.lf therewas less unemployment and
homelessness manypeoplewouldnotbeforcedintocrime.Theywouldhaveselfrespectandmoneyto affordtheir
everydayexpenses, whichwoulddeterthemfromstealing.
Secondly,countrieswithstrictpunishments, suchas the deathpenalty,stillhavehighcrimerates.Obviously,
threatsdon'tworkas a deterrent
therefore, to thieves.Weshouldalsoconsiderthecaseof suicideterrorists. These
peopleare preparedto die for theircause- wouldthey be affectedby the prospectof a long prisonsentence?
Thereasonswhy peopledemandtougherpunishments canbe easilyunderstood, however. Shouldcriminals
be allowedto walkfree,whiledecentcitizensfearfor theirpropertyor lives?Of coursenot, but will the tougher
approachactuallydecreasethe crimerate,or will it merelyovercrowdprisons?
althoughthe reasonsfor wantingstricterpunishments
In conclusion, areclear,peopleshouldlookmoreto the
causesof crime to cut the crimeratedown, rather than providing punishments.
stricter

MarkingSchemefor Test 2 B
Section A: 6 itemsx 2 points each= 12 Section G: 5 itemsx 1 point each = 5
Section B: 10 itemsx 1 point each - 10 Section H: 5 itemsx 1 point each _ 5
Section C: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach= 14 Sectionl: 5 itemsx 1 point each = 5
Section D: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach= 14 SectionJ: (Writing) = 25
Section E: 5 itemsx 1 point each = 5
Section F: 5 itemsx 1 point each - 5 Totaf 100x 2 = 2O,O

136
 Mission:FCE2 TEST3 A

TEST 3 A (UnitsS,G,T)
(Time:80 minutes)
SectionA
Youaregoingto readsomeinformation aboutgardens.Forquestions1 - 14,choosefromthe
extracts(A-E).Someof thegardensmaybechosenmorethanonce.Whenmorethanoneanswer
is required,
thesemaybe givenin anyorder.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(O).

Whosegardenor gardens:

isterraced? 0 E
containedibleproduce? 1 tl 2
aresimpleand/ornatural? 4 [] 5
havemadeuseof a smallspace? 6 E 7
haveherbsgrowing? I E I E
areexpensive
to keep? 10 11 tl
wasdesignedto fit withthe environment? 12 t:]
aredesignedto impressothers? 13 14

Gardens
David
David lives alone in a three-storeyterraced house. Al-
though he doesn't have a garden,just a yard, he enjoys
growingplants.His busywork schedulemeanshe doesn't
have a lot of free time to spend gardening.He's keen on
cooking, so he decided he'd try to grow his own fresh
herbs.He grows them in pots which he's put on the steps
leading up to his front door. In his yard he's also put
differentpots in which he's planted small shrubs and
flowers and even some tomato plants.
Cella
Celia lives in a large detached house surrounded by
spaciousgrounds.When she moved in, the garden was
ratherovergrown,and she didn't know what to do with it.
Although she likes gardens, she doesn't really enjoy
gardening,so she wanted a garden that was simple and
easy to maintain.She thereforedecidedto planta border
of shrubs and a small orchard,then leavethe rest of the
gardenas a lawn.The orchardprovidesa lovelydisplayof
flowersin the spring plus, of course,fruit in the summer.
She says she's delightedwith her garden,which is green
and natural-lookingand doesn'tcost a fortuneto maintain.
Gavln
Gavin is a successfulbusinessmanwho liveson the top
floor of a block of flats.As part of his job he has to entertain
groups of clientsfrom abroad,often in his own house.He
createda miniaturegarden on his narrow balcony using
flowerpotscontainingcolourfuldisplays of flowers.The
scent alone is quite magnificent.He has to spend time
wateringand pruningthe plants,but he says he finds this
rel axi ng.H e doesn' tmi nd spendi ngmoneyon hi s garde n
as he feelsthe end resultis worth it.
ThompsonFamily
The Thompsonfamilylivein a semi-detachedhouse in the
suburbs with an average-sizedgarden.They decided to
make the most of their garden and have put in a lot of hard
work and money.Theirgardenincludesfountains,statues,
rosebeds and a smallkitchengardenfor herbs.lt evenhas
fruittrees,and is surroundedby a hedge.They startedwork
on their garden five years ago, and they receivedso many
complimentsfrom neighboursthat they were encouraged
to continueand make it even grander.
Derek
Derek liveswith his family in a cottage which backs onto a
river. He's spent a lot of time and energy creating his
garden,which slopesdown to the riverbank. He decided
to take advantageof the slope by creatingaterracedeffect,
so his gardenis on threedifferentlevels.Stepsrun through
the centre of the garden down to the river. He says he
wanted a naturalgarden that would suit the surrounding
environmentratherthan clash with it.

137
 TEST 3 A p.2
Mission:FCE 2

SectionB
Fillin the appropriateword(s)from the list below.Usethe word(s) only once.
seasonal amusement meditative chronic strict
the debts current to break long urban

15. pileup 20. a(n) arcade

16. depression 21. rules
17. affairs 22. exercise
18. ;;il; :: run 23. the rules
19. areas 24. chill

Section C
Choose the correct item.
25. Magicians to useoptical(delusions
areoftenthought to perform
/ illusions) theirtricks.
26. lfyouare a
running marathonyoushould(prese rvelconserve) yourenergyfora finalburstofspeed.
27. Topiaryis the art of (pruning / digging) hedges and bushes into interestingshapes.
ZB. Nobodybelieveshis excusesanymore;they'rejust too (plausible/ implausible).
29. Certainareasin centralLondon need constantpolice (invigilation/ surveillance).
30. The other studentsfelt too (intimidated/ intimate) to identifythe bully to the teacher.
31. The bank managertold Mr Arnoldto reduce his (overdraft/ discount) beforeChristmas.

SectionD
Fillin the gapswith the appropriateword(s)from the list below:
freak - prone - amenities- vigorous - desertification- undermine
32. Theelderlyare more . to heartdiseasethanyoungpeople.
thatTVviolenceis beginning
33. lt is widelybelieved to . .......parental
authority.
94. Manyfarmersfear. .......of theirlandduring prolongeddroughts.
35. Recent weatherconditionshavecausedmillionsof poundsworthof damage.
30. Severalpeoplehavecomplained to the localcouncilaboutthe lackof public
37. Aftera(n)... .....workout,theyalwayshavea relaxingmassage.

SectionE ,
Fillin the correctparticle(s).
38. He unfastened hisseatbeltoncethe planehadtakenin / off / out.
39. The littleboy beganto cry as the effectsof the anaesthetic woreoff / in / down.
40. He wasquicklyarrestedafterholdingon / by / up the bank'
41. Shelovesworkingout / through/ in problems andwasdelighted withhernewpuzzlebook.
42. TheGeneralordered his sergeant to takeunder / over / up and continue the attack.

SectionF
Fillin the correctpreposition(s).
49. Becauseof the storm, passengerswere confined their cabins.
44. She was thrilled the
....... prospect of meeting her favouriteactor.
45. Since we ran out of fuel two days ago, we've all been shivering . cold.
46. Brassis composed . .......
two metals - copper and zinc.
47. lt was very difficultto cater . so many guests'

138
 Mission:FCE2 TEST3 A p.3

SectionG
Choosethe corretitem.

SectionH
Fillin the correctwordderivedfrom the wordsin botd.
ESCAPE
DOMESTIC

Section I
Completethe sentencesusing the wordsin botd.Use two to five words.
58. Anthonydidn'tworkhardenough,so he wasfired.
been lf Anthonyhad workedhardenough, .....fired.
59. Wewon'tgo to the seasideif it'snotsunny.
unless We won'tgo to the seaside... ... sunny.
60. UnfortunatelyI was latefor my firstday at work.
wish | ...... ......latefor my firstday at work.
61. My motherdoesnot likemeto talkto strangers on the street.
approve My motherdoesnot .. .. to strangers on the street.
62. she paidthe bakerto makehera birthdaycakefor the party.
made She ... for the party.

SectionJ
Writeananswerto oneof thefuvofollowingquestions.
Writeyouranswerin 120-180wordsin
an appropriate style,giving the outline first.
1 Youworkfor a sportsmagazine and yourbosshasaskedyou to writea reporton a survey
carriedout intothe kindsof sportsyoungpeopleprefer.
2 Writea reviewabouta bookyou haverecentlyreadfor yourschool magazine.

139
Mission:FCE 2

NAME: DATE:
CLASS:
(Time:80 minutes)

TEST 3 A (units5, 6, 7)

SectionA

rfl 3E stl r E etI 11tl 13E

2 E 4 n 6f 8f 10f 12I 14 r
SectionB
15. 18. 21. 24.
16. 19. 22.
17. 20. 23.

SectionC
25. 28. 31.
26. 29.
27. 30.

SectionD
32. 34. 36.
33. 35. 37.

SectionE
38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

SectionF
43. 44. 45. 46. 47.

SectionG
48. 49. 50. 51. 52.

SectionH
s5. 57'
53.
54. 56.

140
Mission:FCE2 TEST 3 A p.2

SectionI

SectionJ (Writing)

141
Mission; FCE 2 TEST3 B

TEST 3 B (Units5, 6,7)

(Time:80 minutes)
Section A
you aregoingto readan articleaboutschools.Forquestions1 - 14,choosefromthe schools
(A-H).Someof the schoolsmaybe chosenmorethanonce.Whenmorethanoneansweris
thesemaybe givenin anyorder.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0)
required,

Which school or schools:

would be mostappropriatefor a businessperson? E

would suit someonewho doesn'tmind having
lessonsin the evenings? tl
would suit someonewho wishesto stay with
an Englishfamily? r 3

specialisesin dealingwith studentsfrom

German-speaking countries? r
provideactivitiesand entertainmentin 6
the afternoons?

will improvea student'sEnglishvery quickly? []

will organisetripsto Londonfor their
students?
r r
only accept adult students? 10 r 11 r
requiresstudentsto have some knowledge 12
of Englishbeforestartingthe course?

provideaccommodationat the school site? 13 r 14r

LanguageSchools

SpellometricLanguageSchools LancingEnglishAssociation

TheSpellometric Organisation hasbeenrunningcourses The LancingEnglishAssociationruns two summer

in Britainfor the last25 yearsand now hasfiveschools schools,onein Bath,andonein Bristol, mostlyattended
inthesouthandsouth-west of England.Theschoolsuse by youngstudentsfrom Germany,Austriaand Switzer-
a well-practised and proven teachingtechniquewhich land.The schoolshavebeen runningsuccessfully for
recognisesthat spellingand numericalskillsare the the last five years,with standardsrising every yeat.
basisof all languagesand so shouldforma centralpart Teachersusethe audio-lingual method.The maximurn
of alllessons. Themaximumclasssizeistwenty-five. The classsizeis ten. The schoolday startsat 9:00 am and
schoolscatermainlyfor studentsaged twelveto eight- finishesat 1:00 pm. In the afternoonsand evenings
een years,and courseslast from one to four weeks. studentstakepartin a variedactivityprogrammewhich,
Lessonstake placein the mornings,startingat B:00am thanksto the extensivegroundsof both schools,in-
andfinishingat 1:00pm. Inthe afternoons studentscan cludescricket,footballand horse-riding.Studentscan
take part in organised activitiessuch as tennis
football, alsoenjoythe schools'indoorswimmingpools.School
and basketball or dramaand musicsessions.On Satur- tripsto Londonandothertouristdestinations takeplace
daysthe schoolorganises tripsto London.The school at weekends.Courseslastfromtwo to eightweeksand
arrangesaccommodation for studentswith local areresidential,withstudentsstayingin accommodation
families. on the schoolsite.

142
 Mission:FCE2 TEST3 B p.2

GattegnoSchool of English Englishis necessary.Theschoolday runsfromg:00am

to 4:00pm withlessonstakingplacethroughoutthe day.
situatedin centralLondon, renowned studentsarefreein the evenings.courseslastfromtwo
theinternationally
Gattegnoschoolopenedin 1967and usesGattegno's to four weeks.Accommodationis organisedby the
"silentway" methodologyto teachstudents.teaining KathrynHart Organisation, with studentsstayingwith
throughout theyear,theschoolalsoorganisessummer localfamilies.
courseswithstudentsattendingfromalloverthe world.
Studentsmust be over the age of eighteenand the PanglossSchool of English
maximumclasssizein thisschoolis six.
The Panglossschool specialisesin intensiveEnglish
Kathryn Hart Organisation coursesfor studentswho wishto improvetheirEnglish
rapidlyin thespaceof a fewweeks.Theschooldaylasts
KathrynHart has been involvedin Englishlanguage from 10:00am to B:00pm, with intensive instruciionin
teachingsincethe 1950'sand hasdevefopedexpertise all aspectsof the Englishlanguage,from grammar
in both teachingand the organisation of UK summer structuresto vocabulary.The courseis only open to
schools.Herschoolsusea communicative approachto adultsand is particularly
appropriatefor studentsabout
teachingbasedon well-researched coursebooks.There to study at EnglishUniversitiesor businesspeople
are ten KathrynHart summerschoolssituatedin the lookingfor morespecialised languageskills.The maxi_
southandsouthwestof Englandand in EastAnglia, and mum classsizeis fivestudents.The schoolis situated
all alloweasyaccessto London.Studentsrangein age in the Cambridgeshire countryside, just outsideCam-
from twelveto eighteenyearsand the maximumclass bridgeitself,andstudentsareaccommodated in a large
size is fifteen.No previousexperienceof studying countryhousein the groundsof the school.

SectionB
Fillin the appropriateword(s) from the lfst betow.use the word(s) only once,
maiden to run to raise toxic to wreck
hustle the breeds weather to hold endangered
15. a programme 20. a world record
16. waste 21. of cattle
17. and bustle 22. the Earth
18. - beaten 29. a question
19. plants 24. ;i;) :: voyage

Section C
Choose the correctitem.
25- A cooker and fridge are considerednecessary(appliances/ gadgets).
26. Mrs Hatfieldconsiderswateringthe gardento be a real (task i ctrore).
27. This new law will haveserious(implications/ applications)
28. The police have been orderedto (intensify/ enlarge) their effortsto capturethe escapedprisoner.
29. The arrivalof the admiral's(crew / fleet) scaredoflthe enemy submarines.
30. lt seems that (fate / future) has decidedto keep us apart.
31. For minor (ailmentsi diseases),make an appointmentwith the nurseand not with your doctor.

SectionD
Fillin the gapswith the appropriateword(s)trom the tist below:
spark off - subsequenily - evacuate incinerate- devastating- specimens
32. The explorercollectedplant ...... .....to take back to the laboratory.
33. The tidal wave had a(n) effecton the coastaltown.
34. The Prime Minister'sspeech managedto . waves of protestfrom the opposition.
35. The bomb alertpromptedpoliceto ... . the shoppingcentre.

143
 TEST3 B p.3
Mission:FCE 2

36. Afterthe missionwasaccomplished, the spy wasorderedto .....alltop secretpapers.

37. Afterstealingthe jewels,
the criminal .. leftthe country'

Section E
Fillin the correctParticle(s)'
38. Gavinwas advisedby his doctor to take in / up / on jogging.
39. Fred advisedthe young boy not to hold back / up / on any informationfrom the police.
40. Afterthe five mile run, Julie felt completelyworn out / off / on.
,,Don'tworr!," said the teacher,"there'splentyof time to work tor I on / against this problem before
41.
the exam."
42. Luckilyour suppliesheld down / back / out all throughthe long hard winter'

SectionF
Fillin the correctpreposition(s).
4g. Richwantsto specialise.....
44. Miss Bruce is very popular
45. Entranceis restricted...
46. The police asked me to account
42. Environmentalists are opposed .
SportsMedicineafterhis generaltraining.
her students.
......ticketholdersonly.
my movementsat the time of the crime.
the destructionof the rainforest.

SectionG
Clroosethe corrextitem.
48. The film was extremelyboring so we changed
A) canal B) channel c) station D) broadcast

49. I always .. my biscuitsin my coffee.

A) dip B) dive D)submerge
C)sink
-stricken.
50. Whenthe Titanicstartedsinking,herpassengers
were
A) fear B) horror D)
C)apprehension Panic
51. I was havingdifficultysleepingso my doctor prescribedtabletsto ease my
A) measles B) mumps C) insomnia D) rabies
5 2 . S h e i s u n d e rt h e . . . . . . .t.h a t h e r f i a n c di s a m u l t i - m i l l i o n a i r e '
A) illusion B) hallucination C) delusion D) mirage

Section H
Fillin the correct word derived_fromthe words in bold.
agreed
53. MrsJones.......... whilelwasawayon holiday.
to watermyplants OBLIGE
54. Housesin Canadahaveverygood..... .......to combatthe INSULATE
freezingwinters.
55. Thesurveyor's preliminary.... of the damagewas ASSESS
subsequently foundto be wrong.
56. Thebookon spacetravelwas .. ...withoutbeingtoo INFORM
difficult to understand.
57. TheChineselanguage is totally ......to mostWesterners. COMPREHEND

144
Mission:
FCE2 TEST3 B p.4

Section I
Completethe sentencesusrng the wordsin bold. Use two to tive words.
58. Jaydidn'tusesuncream;heburntinthesun.
burnt lf Jayhadusedsuncream .......
in thesun.
59. lf Susanstudieshard, she might pass the exam.
unless Susan won't pass the exam hard.
60. lt's a pity we didn'tvisitthe exhibition.
only lf the exhibition.
61. I don't likechildrento talk to theirparentslikethat.
approve I don't .....to their parentslike that.
62. He took his car to the garageto adjustthe brakes.
adjusted He had the . ......at the garage.

SectionJ
Writeananswerto oneof thetwofottowingquestions.
Writeyouranswerin 120-lB0wordsin
an appropriate style,giving the outline first.
1 Youworkfor a fashionmagazineand haverecenttycarriedout a surveyintothe various
fashiontrendspeoplefollownowadays.Writea reportanalysing the survey.
2 A schoolmagazine hasinvitedreadersto expresstheiropinionon the question:"sporfs
shouldbe for pleasure,
not forprofit." Writea shortarticlefor the magazine.

145
Mission:FCE2

NAME: DATE:
GLASS:
(Time:80 minutes)

TEST 3 B (unitss, o,7)

SectionA

iE 3tl 5f 7n ef rr[ rg E
2 E 4 E 6E sE 10n t2E 14T
SectionB
15. 18. 21. 24.
16. 19. 22.
1 7. 20. 23.

Section C
25. 28. 31.
26. 29.
27. 30.

Section D
32. 34. 36.
33. 35. 37.

SectionE
38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

SectionF
43. 44. 45. 46. 47.

SectionG
48. 49. 50. 51. 52.

SectionH
53. 55. 57.

54. 56.

146
Mission:
FCE2 TEST3 B p.2

Section I

58 58

59 59

60

61 61

62 62

SectionJ (Writing)

147
Mission:FCE2

TEST 3 A KEY
A. 1 , 2 , 3 . A , B , D ( i na n y o r d e r ) 8 , 9 . A , D ( i na n y o r d e r ) 12. E
4,5. B, E (in any order) 10,11. C, D (in any order) 13, 14. C,D (inany order)
6,7 . A, C (in any order)

B. 15. thedebts 17. current 19. urban 21. strict 23. to break
16. chronic 18. long 20. amusement 22. meditative 24. seasonal
C. 25. illusions 27. pruning 29. surveillance 31. overdraft
26. conserve 28. implausible 30. intimidated
D. 32. prone 34. desertification 36. amenities
33. undermine 35. freak 37. vigorous
E. 38. off 39. off 40. up 41. out 42. over
F. 43. to 44. at 45. with 46. of 47. for
G. 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. A
H. 53. escapism 54. domestically 55. Respondents 56. purification 57. undeniable
l. 58. ... he wouldn'thavebeen... 61. ... approveof me/mytalking...
59. ... unlessit's ... 62.. .. had a birthdaycake made ...
60. ...wishI hadn'tbeen...
J. (Suggestedanswers)
1. To: Mr Bates
From:StevenJones
Subject:Sportspreferences
lntroduction
The purposeof this reportis to reviewthe resultsof a surveycarriedout intothe kindsof sports
youngpeopleprefer.In thissurveyyoungpeoplewerequestionedat variouslocations.
Types of Sport
As expected, the mostpopularsportfor boyswas basketball, which78o/o play.Girlsprefervolleyballand
netball,at 51o/oand 48/orespectively.
Recreation
despitemanybelievingthat boysand girlspreferdifferentrecreational
Surprisingly, sports,70%of both
sexessaidtheyenjoyswimmingand beachvolley.
Frequency
Themajorityof boystrainat leastten hoursa week,illustrated by thefactthat620/oof themattendregular
weeklypracticesessions.Only34o/" of girlsregularly
trainin anysport.However, girlswho practisemartialarts
traintwiceas muchas the boys,despitebeingoutnumbered 7-1 by them.
Conclusion
To conclude,boysspendmoretimeplayingsportsthangirls;bothlikebeachsports,butgirlstrainharder
in martialarts.
2. ThenewbookbyJohnO'Brian, TheBellsofMonday isanunusualnovelsetinLondoninthe 1960's.
ltdeals
with individualswhoseconservative upbringingclasheswiththe changingmoralvaluesof thatera.
Meg,thecentralcharacter, is forcedto leaveherhomein an affluentareaandmoveintoa Victorianslum.
Herinabilityto copewitha changingsocietyis shownwithgreatsensitivityby O'Brian.Hisexcellentcharacter
descriptions makesonefeelpityand understanding for Meg'sstrictCatholicmother,whoseworldseemsto
slowlydisintegrate.
Thebookwindsslowlythroughthe60'sagainsta background of studentrevoltandhistoric
events.lt endswith Meg'sdeath,and couldin manywaysbe hailedas a modernGreektragedy.
Bothjoy and extremesadnessmakethisbooka masterpiece of modernliterature.
lt surpassesO'Brian's
fasttwo bestsellers,
IhomasandBlackRoad.Apartfrom beinga brilliantnovel,it is alsoan interestingsocial
studyof thatgoldenerawhichhasso oftenbeenwronglyportrayed.

148
 Mission:FCE2

TEST3 B KEY
A. 1. E 5, 6. A, B (in any order) 1 0 ,1 1 . C , E (in any order)
2,3. A, D (in any order) 7. E 12. E
4.8 8, 9. A, B (in any order) 1 3 ,1 4 . B , E (in any order)
B. 15. to run 17. hustle 19. endangered 21. breeds Zg. to raise
16. toxic 18. weather 20. to hold 22. to wreck 24. maiden
c. 25. appliances 27. implications zg. fleet 31. ailments
26. chore 28. intensify 30. fate
D. 32. specimens 34. spark off 36. incinerate
33. devastating 35. evacuate 97. subsequenily
E. 38. up 39. back 40. out 41. on 42.out
F. 43. in 44. with 45. to 46. for 47. to
G. 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. C 5 2 .A
H. 53. obligingly 54. insulation 55. assessment 56. informative 57. incomprehensible
I
t. 58. ... he wouldn'thaveburnt... 61. ...approveof childrentalking...
59. ...unlessshe studies... 62. ... brakesof his car adjusted...
60. ...onlywe had visited...
J. (Suggestedanswers)
1 . To: Mr James
From:CatherineBrookes
Subject:Fashiontrends
Introduction
Theaim of thisreportis to analysethe varioustrendsour readers(aged15-30)follow.We heldthe survey
to helpus planour futureissuesin the mostinteresting way possible.
Men and Women-casualwear
Aspredicted,jeanswinhandsdownasthemostpopularcasualclothes,with80%owningmorethansixpairs.
Twothirdsof girlsquestionedownat leastone pairof designerjeans- favouritebrandsbeingVersace, Aimani
and Moschino.Menon the otherhandare lessinterested in owningdesignerjeans,withonly 20o/ohavingone
pairor more.ThesemenalsofavourVersace'sand Armani'scuts.
Men and Women- formalwear
Regardingmoreformalwear,youngpeopleof bothsexesgenerallyowna formafsuit.Interestingfy, 70o/o ot
womentendto buy non-designer suits,favouringhighstreetbrandslikeMarksand Spencer.
Menon the otherhand(75o/") are moreinclinedto buy a good qualitydesignersuitin the hopeit will last.
Conclusion
The resultsof our surveyimplythatour readerswouldbe interested in fashionfeaturesshowingdesigner
and non-designer jeansfor menand women.Theywouldalsolikearticlesshowingdesignersuitsfoi menand
morewell-cut,well-pricedclothesfor women.
2. Manypeoplethinkthatsportsshouldbe for pleasure,notfor profit.In theory,sportsshouldonlybe played
for enjoymentor as a meansof keepingfit, but this is a verymoralistic view.
Mostgovernments get sucha lot of revenuefromsportingeventsthatit wouldn'tbe practic4to askthem
to bancompanies frommakinga profitout of sports.lf theydid,it wouldbe politically
unwiseastaxeswouldbe
raisedand the government wouldbecomeveryunpopularindeed.
lf you considerthe numberof jobs createdby sport,whetherit be for peopleconstructingstadiums,
manufacturing teamstripsfor fansor sellinghot dogsat matches,it is possibleto see how importlntsportis
economically for individualsas wellas for the countryas a whole.
Advertising atsportseventsalsocreatesa lotof profitforthecompanies involved.Moreoftenthannot,however,
advertisements promotecigarettes andalcohol.lt is immoralfora sportingeventto advertise productswhichare
unhealthy andcankillif abused,so maybestepsshouldbe takento stopmanufacturers of theseproductsfrom

149
Mission;FCE2

TEST 3 B CONI. KEY

makinga profitout of sport.

For thesereasonsit is very difficultto expectmost companiesto acceptregulationswhich ban them from
puttingprofitbeforepleasure.In manycases,if we did it would causeevenmoreharmthan good to spot't.

MarkingSchemefor Test 3 A / 3 B
SectionA: 14 itemsx 1 point each 14 Section F: 5 itemsx 1 point each
SectionB: 10 itemsx 1 point each 10 Section G: 5 itemsx 1 point each
SectionC: 7 itemsx 2 pointseach 14 Section H: 5 itemsx 1 point each
SectionD: 6 itemsx 2 pointseach 12 Section l: 5 itemsx 1 point each
SectionE: 5 itemsx 1 point each 5 Section J: (Writing) =25
Totaf 100x2=2O,O

150