CSM Chapters14 PDF

Chapter 14
Multiple Integrals
14.1 The Double Integral
1. With f (x, y) = x + 3y + 1 and ∆ Ak = 1,
 (x + 3y + 1)dA ≈ f (1/2, 1/2) + f (3/2, 1/2) + f (5/2, 1/2) + f (1/2, 3/2)
R
+ f (3/2, 3/2) + f (5/2, 3/2) + f (1/2, 5/2) + f (3/2, 5/2)
= 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 52.
2. With f (x, y) = 2x + 4y and ∆Ak = 1/4,
1
(2x + 4y)dA [2(3/2) + 4(1/2) + 2(2) + 4(1/2) + 2(5/2) + 4(1/2) + 2(1/2) + 4(1)
R ≈ +4 2(3/2) + 4(1) + 2(1) + 4(1) + 2(1/2) + 4(3/2) + 2(1) + 4(3/2) + 2(3/2)

+ 4(3/2) + 2(1) + 4(2) + 2(1/2) + 4(2) + 2(1/2) + 4(5/2)]
1
= (3 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 6 + 2 + 6 + 3
4
93
+ 6 + 2 + 8 + 1 + 8 + 1 + 10) = .
4
3. (a) With f (x, y) = x + y, and ∆Ak = 1,

 (x + y) dA ≈ (−3/2 + 1/2) + (−1/2 + 1/2) + (1/2 + 1/2) + (3/2 + 1/2)
R
+ (−3/2 + 3/2) + (−1/2 + 3/2) + (1/2 + 3/2) + (3/2 + 3/2)
1 16
= (−2 + 0 + 2 + 4 + 0 + 2 + 4 + 6) = = 8.
2 2
(b) With f (x, y) + y + 4 and ∆ Ak = 1,
139
140 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
 (x + y) dA ≈ (−2 + 1) + (−1 + 1) + (0 + 1) + (1 + 1) + ( −2 + 2) + (−1 + 2) + (0 + 2) + (1 + 2)

R
= 8.
4. With f (x, y) = xy and ∆Ak = 1/4, 4

y
1
 xydA ≈
[0(1/2) + (1/2)(1/2) + ( 1/2)(1) + (0)(1) + (1/2)(1) −
R 4
−
+ (1)(1) + ( 1/2)(3/2) + (0)(3/2) + (1/2)(3/2)
−
+ (1)(3/2) + ( 1/2)(2) + (0)(2) + (1/2)(2) + (1)(2)
1 x
− −
+ ( 1)(5/2) + ( 1/2)(5/2) + (0)(5/2) + (1/2)(5/2)
+ (1)(5/2) + (3/2)(5/2) + ( 1)(3) + ( 1/2)(3) + (0)(3) − −
+ (1/2)(3) + (1)(3) + (3/2)(3) + ( 1)(7/2) + ( 1/2)(7/2) − −
+ (0)(7/2) + (1/2)(7/2) + (1)(7/2) + (3/2)(7/2)] = 73 /16
5.
 R 10dA = 10
 R dA = 10(6) = 60
6.
 R
10dA = 10
 R
dA = 10(12) = 120
7.
 10dA = 10
 dA = 10
  1
π(2)2 = 10π
R R 4
8.
 10dA = 10
 dA = 10
  
1
(5)
5
=
125
R R 2 2 2
9. No, since x + 5y is negative at (3 , 1) which is in R. −

10. Yes, since x 2 + y 2 is nonnegative on R.
11.
 R
10dA = 10 R
dA = 10(8) = 80
12.
 − −  − −
R
5xdA = 5 R xdA
= 5(3) = 15
13.
 R (2x
 
+ 4y)dA = 2 R
xdA + 4 R
ydA = 2(3) + 4(7) = 34
   − 
14.
15.
 R (2x
R (3x
+ 4y)dA =
   −  −
+ 7y + 1)dA = 3
R xdA
R
xdA + 7
R ydA = 3
R
ydA +
7= 4
R
dA = 3(3) + 7(7) + 8 = 66
16.
  −  y 2 dA
 −  (2 + y)2 dA = y 2 dA 4 dA −4
 ydA −
 y2 dA = −4(8) − 4(7) = −6
R R R R R R
17.
 R
 
f (x, y)dA = R1
f (x, y)dA + R2
f (x, y)dA = 4 + 14 = 18
18. Since
 
R

f (x, y)dA = R1
f (x, y)dA + R2
f (x, y)dA, 25 = 30 +
 R2
f (x, y)dA and
R2
−f (x, y)dA = 5.

14.2. ITERATED INTEGRALS 141
14.2 Iterated Integrals

1.
 dy = y + c1 (x)
2. By holding y fixed,
 −
(1 2y)dy = x 2yx + c2 (y) −
x3 x2
 (6x2 y − 3x√y)dx = 6
  −  √ y 3 y + c2 (y)
3 2
= 2x3 y − 32 x2 √y + c2 (y)
4. By holding x fixed,
y2 y3/2
 (6x2 y − 3x√y)dy = 6x2
 − 3x + c1 (x)
2 (3/2)
= 3x2 y2 − 2xy3/2 + c1 (x)
 1
dy =
ln y + 1
+ c1 (x)
| |
x(y + 1) x
x2
 (1 + 10x − 5y4 )dx = x + 10
 − 5xy 4 + c2 (y)
2
= x + 5x2 − 5xy4 + c2 (y)
sin4 x
(12y cos4 x 3sin y)dx = 12y 3x sin y + c2 (y)
 − 4
 − −
= 3y sin4 x 3x sin y + c2 (y)
tan3 xy

sec2 3xydy = + c1 (x)
3x
y
√ dy = y
 2x + 3y + c2 (y)
2x + 3y
1 (2x + 5y)7
 (2x + 5y)6 dy =
 + c1 (x)
5 7
(2x + 5y)7
= + c1 (x)
35
 3
11. (6xy − 5ey ) dx = (3x2 y − 5xey ) 3−1 = (27y − 15ey ) − (3y + 5ey ) = 24 y − 20ey
−1

2 2

1 1
12.
 tan xy dy = |
ln sec xy | = |
ln sec2 x − sec x|
1 x 1 x
 3x
3x 2
x3 exy = x2 exy = x 2 (e3x − ex)

13.

1
1
 y3 3
14. 3
√y (8x y − 4xy2 ) dx = (2x4 y − 2x2 y2 ) y√y = (2y13 − 2y8 ) − (2y3 − 2y3 ) = 2y13 − 2y8

2x 2x
xy x 2 2 x 2 2 2 x
15. x2 + y 2 dy = 2 ln(x + y ) = 2 [ln(x + 4x ) − ln x ] = 2 ln 5
 0

0
x x
x 2y/x x 2y/x
− e2x /x) = x2 (e2 − e2x )
16.
 e2y/x dy = e
 = (e
3 2
x 3 2 x3 2
 sec y
sec y
(2x + cos y) dx = (x2 + x cos y) = sec2 y + sec y cos y − tan2 y − tan y cos y
17.
 tan y
tan y
= sec 2 y + 1 − tan2 y − sin y = 2 − sin y
 1
18. √y y ln x dx Integration by parts
= y(x ln x − x)|1√y = y(0 − 1) − y(√y ln √y − √y) = −y − y√y

 1
ln y −1

2
π/ 2 π/ 2
sin2 y 2
19.
 cos x sin3 ydy = cos x cos y
− − 23
 =0

− cos2 x − sin3 x − 23

x 3 x
cos2 x sin3 x 2cos 2 x cos2 (1 cos2 x) 2 cos2 x
= 3 + 3 = 3
 − + 3
cos2 x cos 4 x 2 cos2 x
=
3
− 3
+
3
= cos 2 x − 13 cos4 x
1   1 1

sin xy cos xy x sin xy cos xy xy
20.
 y cos2 xydx = y + = +
2y 2 2 2
1/2
=
 sin x cos x x
+
 −  1/2
sin x2 cos x
2
+
x
 =
1/2
sin x cos x − sin x2 cos x2 + x
2 2 2 4 2 4
 2 2
x  2 x2

21. (8x − 10y + 2) d y dx = (8xy − 5y2 + 2y) dx
1 −x 1 −x
 2
= [(8x3 − 5x4 + 2x2 ) − (−8x2 − 5x2 − 2x)] dx
1
 2
= (8x3 − 5x4 + 15x2 + 2x) dx = (2x4 − x5 + 5x3 + x2 ) 12 
1
= 44 − 7 = 37
1 y  1 y  1 y

1
22.
  (x + y)2 dx dy = (x + y)2 dx dy = (x + y)3
dy
−1 0 −1 0 −1 3 0
1
1 1 1 1 3
=
 [(y + y)3 − (0 + y)3 ] dy = 7y dy =
1
  
7 4
y =0
3 −1 3 −1 3 4  −1
 √√
2 2−y 2  − √ √
2
(x2
2 −y 2
23.
0
√ (2x − y)
− 2−y 2
dx dy =
0 √ xy)
− 2−y 2
√
2
y2 y2) − (2 − y2 + y y2)
=
  − −  − (2 y 2
−  2 dy
0
√ √
2  2 √
2 2
− 23 23/2 = − 43
=
 − − ( 2 2 y2 ) dy = (2 − y2 )3−2 = (0) 2
0 3 0 3
 cos x
  π/ 4 cos x  π/ 4  π/ 4
24. (1 + 4y tan2 x) dy dx = (y + 2y 2 tan2 x) = (cos x + 2 cos2 x tan2 x) dx
0 0 0  0
0
π/ 4   π/ 4
− 12 sin 2x
 = (cos x + 2 sin2 x) dx = sin x + x
√2 0
√
 0
= +
π
− 1
=
2 2+π −2
2 4 2 4
π 3y π 3y
 π
1 1
25.
 cos(2x + y) dx dy
 sin(2x + y) dy
 (sin7 y − sin3 y) dy
0 y 0 2 y 2 0
π
1 1 1
= cos 7y + cos 3y
0
=
2
1
−− − 1
7
1
3
( 1) + ( 1) −

− −
 
1 1
+ = − 214
2 7 3 7 3
√x   √x   √x
 2 2 2   2
26. 2y sin πx2 dy dx = 2y sin πx 2 dy dx = y2 sin πx2 dx = x sin πx2 dx
1 0 1 0 1 0 1
2
= − 2π1 cos πx2  = − 2π1 (cos4 π − cos π) = − 2π1 (1 − (−1)) = − π1
1
x

  ln 3 x  ln 3  ln 3
27. 6ex+2y dy dx = ex+2y dx = (3e3x − 3ex) dx = (e3x − 3ex) ln1 3
1 0 1  1
0
= (27 − 9) − (e3 − 3e) = 18 − e3 + 3e
1 2y 2 1 2
2y 1 1
28. e−y dx dy = xe−y dy = −y 2 − e −y 2
−e−1 − (−1) = 1 − e−1
0 0 0 0 0 2ye dy =
0
=
    
29.
 3 2x+1 
√y1− x
 √ −
dy dx =
 3
2 y
√ − x 2x+1 dx = 2
3
( x+1 1) dx
0 x+1 0 x+1 0
   −  −   3
2 16 2 10
=2 (x + 1)3/2 =2 3 =
3 0 3 3 3
1 y  − −  −  − 1 y 1  1
1 2 1
− 301 y6 1
30.
  − x(y 2 x2 )3/2 dx dy = (y x2 )5/2 = ( y5 ) dy = =
0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 30
9 x 9 x 9
1 1 y π π 9 π
| | x tan 1 x
31. dy dx = − = 4x dx = 4 ln x = 4 ln 9
 1

0

x+ y 2
  1 0 1 1
  y
1/2 y 1/2 1/2
1
32.
  √  dx dy = sin−1 x dy = sin−1 y dy Integration by parts
0 0− 1 x2 0
0
0
  −    √ − = y sin−1 y + 1 y2
1/2
=
1 π
+
3
1=
π+6 3
√ − 12
0 2 6 2 12
e y    e y e
y
33.
  dx dy = y ln x dy = y ln y dy Integration by parts
1 1 x 1 1 1
 −  − − −  e
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2
= y ln y y = e e = (e + 1)
 2 4 1 2 4 4 4
√x √x
 4     − 4 4
2
34. 2ye −x dy dx = y e −x dx = (xe−x e−x ) dx Integration by parts
1 1 1 1 1
4
− − − = ( xe−x e−x + e−x ) 1 = 4e−4 + e−1
35.
 6 √  25−y2 /2    √

1
dx dy =
6
sin−1
x
25−y 2 /2
dy
0 0 − − (25 y 2 )
− x2 0 25 y2 0
6 6
1 π
  = sin−1 dy = dy = π
0 2 0 6
36.
 √ 2 20−y2
y dx dy =
 2
xy
√ 20−y 2
  − dy =
2
(y 20 y2

− y3 ) dy = − 13 (20 − y2 )3/2 − 14 y4
2

0 y2
− 0 y 2
  √ − 0
√

0
1 1 40 5 − 76
=
3
(64) − − − 4
3
(40 5) 0 =
3
 0
  π 0  π  π
37. ex sin y dx dy = ex sin y dy = (sin y − ecos y sin y) d
π/ 2 cos y π/ 2  π/ 2
cos y
= ( cos y + − ecos y ) ππ/2 | = (1 + e−1 ) − (0 + 1) = e−1
 1 y 1 /3  1  y 1 /3  1
38. 6x2 ln(y + 1) d x dy = 2x3 ln(y + 1) dy = 2 y ln(y + 1) d y
0 0 0 0 0
Integration by parts
  1
= y 2 ln(y + 1) − 12 y2 + y − ln(y + 1)
0
1 1
= (ln2
2
+1 − ln2) − (0 − 0 + 0 − ln1) = 2
  2π x  2π  x  2π
39. (cos x − sin y) dy dx = (y cos x + cos y) dx = (x cos x + cos x − 1) dx
π 0 π 0 π
= (cos x + x sin x + sin x − x)|2ππ = (1 − 2π) − (−1 − π) = 2 − π
3 1/x 3  1/x 3  3 
1 y 1 1
− x +1 1
40.
 dy dx =
 dx =
 dx = dx
1 0 x+1 1 x+1 0 1 x(x + 1) 1 x
3
= [ln x − ln(x + 1)]| 1 = (ln3 − ln4) − (0 − ln2) = l n 3 /2
√ √
 2sin2 θ 5π/ 12
5π/ 12 2sin2 θ 5π/ 12   5π/ 12  
1 2
− 12 dθ = − 12 (cos2 θ + θ)
41.
  r dr dθ =
 r dθ = sin2 θ
π/ 12 1 π/ 12 2 π/ 12 π/ 12
1
 √    √  1
3 5π 3 5π
√3 π
= − 2
− 2
+
12
− 2
+
12
=
2
−6
 1+cos θ
π/ 3 1+cos θ π/ 3
1 2
42.
  r dr dθ =
 r dθ
0 3cos θ 0 2
=
1 π/3
  1
3cos θ
(1 + 2cos θ cos2 θ) dθ = (θ + 2 sin θ − − 4θ − 2sin2 θ)

π/ 3

2 0 2 0
1 π √ √
= ( π+ 3
2
− 3) =
2
− −
43.
y
y=2x+1 44. y
x=y
x=- y
x
x
45. 46.
y y y=x2+1
x=16-y2
x
x
y=-x2
√x √x
4 4 4 2 y
x2 ydydx = 1 x2 y 1 x2 x
47.
     −  2
dx =
2
x
4
dx
0 x/2 0 x/2 0
  −   −  4 4 y=x
1 4 1 2
1 4 1 5
= x dx = xx x y=1/2x
 0 8 2
8 40 0
32 128
 −   − = 32 = x
5 5
2 2y 2 2y 2
1 3 1
 2
x ydxdy = x y dy = y(8y 3 y6 )dy y
0 y2
0 3 y 0 3 2
  −   −  2 2
8 4 1 7 8 5 1 8
= y y dy = y y x=y2
 3 0 3 15 24 0 x=2y
256 32 32
 − 
Therefore
4
=
√ 15x
2
3
=
5
x ydydx =
2 2y
2
x ydxdy
x
0 x/2 0 y2
√ √
 1 1−x2  1  1−x2
y
48. √ 2xdydx = 2xy √ dx
0 − 1−x 2
0 − 1−x 2
 1
y=1-x2
=
 − − 
2x 1 x2 + 2 1 x2 dx
0
1 1
 x
4 y=-1-x2
=
 − − −
4x 1 x2 dx = (1 x2 )3/2
0 3 0
4
=
3
 √ 1 1−y 2  √  1 1−y 2 1
y
2xdxdy = x2 dy = (1 − y2 )dy
−1 0 −1 0 −1
 −  1
1 3
= y y x=0 x=1-y2
3
=
 −  − − 
1
1
−1
1+
1
=
4 x
3 3 3
Therefore,
 1
√
1−x
2
2xdydx =
 √
1 1−y 2
2xdxdy
√
0 − 1−x
2
−1 0
49.   2 3    2 3 2
2
x2 dy dx = x2 y 3x2 dx = x3 −1 = 8
  −− dx = ( 1) = 9
−1 0 −1 0 −1
3 2 3
      2 3 3
1 3 8 1
 x2 dx dy = x dy = | + dy = 3 dy = 3y 03 = 9
0 −1 0 3 −1 0 3 3 0
2 4 2 4 2
50.
  (2x + 4y) dx dy =
   − (x2 + 4xy) dy = [(16 + 16y) (4 + 8y)] dy
−2 2 −2 2 −2
 2
2
(12 + 8y) dy = (12 y + 4y 2 ) −2 = (24 + 16)
=
 −− ( 24 + 16) = 48
−2
 4 2    4 2 4
(2x + 4y) dy dx = −− (2xy + 2y2 ) dx = [(4x + 8) ( 4 + 8)] d x
2 −2 2 −2 2
 4
4
8x dx = 4x2
=
 − 2
= 64 16 = 48
2
3 π 3 π 3
3π2 2
51.
 (3x2 y − 4sin y)
  −    −  − 
dy dx =
3 2 2
x y 4cos y dx = x 4 (4) dx
2 2
1 0
  −    − 
=
1
3
3π 2 2
x 8 dx =
0
π2 3
x
1
8x
3
2 2
 − − −  − =
1
27π 2
24
π2
8 = 13π 2
16
1
2 2
 π 3  π   π
(3x2 y − 4sin y) dy dx = (x3 y − 4x sin y) 31 dy = [(27y − 12sin y) − (y − 4sin y)]dy
0 1 0 0
 π
=
 − 8sin y)dy = (13 y2 + 8 cos y) π0
(26y
0
= (13π2 − 8) − (8) = 13 π2 − 16
1 2 1 2 1
x2
52.
 8y
− y22x+ 1
   | | −    − 
dxdy = 8y ln x + 1 dy = 8y ln 3
4
dy
0 0 x+1 0 y2 + 1 0 0 y2 + 1
1
= (4y 2 ln 3 4tan −1 y) 0 = 4l n 3 π
2 1    − −    −  −  2 1 2
4y 2
 8y
− 2x
dydx = 2x tan−1 y =
4 π
dx
x+1 y2 + 1 x+1 x+1 2
0 0
 | | −   −
= 4 ln x + 1
0
π 2
x
2
= 4l n 3
0 0
π
4 0
β  β
53. We use the fact that α
kF (t)dt = k α
F (t)dt. Then
 d b
f (x)g(y)dxdy =
       d
g(y)
b
f (x)dx dy =
b
f (x)dx
d
g(y)dy
c a c a a c
  ∞ ∞ 2
     ∞ ∞
+3y 2 ) 2 2
54. xye −(2x dxdy = xe−2x ye −3y dxdy

0 0 0 0
  ·   ∞ 2
∞ 2
= xe−2x dx ye −3y dy
0 0
  =
·  lim
 a
xe−2x dx
2
lim
b
ye−3y dy
2
a→∞ 0 b→∞ 0
2
a 2
e−2x e−3y
 −   ·  − 
= lim lim
a→∞ 4 b→∞ 6
  −     −  e−2a 1
2
0
e−3b 1
2
= · lim
a→∞ 4
+
4
lim
b→∞ 6
+
6
 ·  =
1 1
=
1
4 6 24
14.3 Evaluation of Double Integrals

1 x 1  x 1
1 3 3 1
1.
 x3 y2 dA =
 x3 y2 dydx =
 x y dx =
 x6 dx y
R 0 0 0 3 0 3 0
 1
1 7 1
= x = x
21 0 21
1 x
14.3. EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS 149
  2 4−x 2 4−x
 y
2. (x + 1)dA = (x + 1)dydx = (xy + y) dx
R 0 x 0 x
 − − − 2
= [(4x x2 + 4 x) (x2 + x)]dx 4-x
0
 − 2
= (2x 2x2 + 4)dx
0 x
 −  2
2 2 3 20
= x x + 4x = x
3 0 3

  1 x2
3. (2x + 4y + 1)dA = (2x + 4y + 1)dydx y
R 0 x3
x2
1 x2
 = (2xy + 2y 2 + y) dx x3
0 x3
 1 x
=− [(2x3 + 2x4 + x2 ) (2x4 + 2x6 + x3 )]dx
0
 1 1

1 4 1 3
− 27 x7
 − = (x3 + x2 2x6 )dx = x + x
0 4 3 
0
1 1
= +
4 3
− 27 = 25
84
  1 x  1 x
4. xey dA = xey dydx = xey dx y
R 0 0 0 0
1
= (xex − x)dx Integration by parts x
0
 1
  − − −
= xex − ex − 12 x2  = e e − 12 ( 1) =
1
2 1 x
0
  2 8   2 8
y
5. 2xydA = 2xydydx = xy2 dx
R 0 x3 0 x3
2  −  2
1 8
=
 (64x − x7 )dx = 32x2 x = 96
0 8  0 x3
x
1 3−x2 1 3−x2
 y
√xy dA = √
6.
   xy−1/2 dydx =
 2x y dx
R −1 x2 +1 −1 x2 +1 x2+1
 − 1 3
=2 (x 3 x2 −

x x2 + 1)dx
−1
 1 3-x2
= 2[ − 13 (3 − x2 )3/2 − 13 (x2 + 1)3/2 ]  −1 x
= − 23 [(23/2 + 23/2 ) − (23/2 + 23/2 )] = 0

1 1 1  1 y
y y
7.
 dA =
 dxdy =
 ln(1 + xy) dy
R 1 + xy 0 0 1 + xy 0 0
1
=
 1 ln(1 + y)dy = [(1 + y)ln(1 + y) − (1 + y)]|01
0
= (2 ln2 − 2) − (−1) = 2ln 2 − 1 1 x
 −  2 y2 2 y2 y
πx πx y πx
8.
  sin dA = sin dxdy = cos dy
R y 1 0 y 1 x y 0 y2
2
y y
 −  = cos πy + dy Integration by parts
1 π π
2
y2
− − 
=
y
sin πy
1
cos πy + x
π2 π3 2π
−  −    − =
1
+
2 1
+
1
=
1
3π 2 4
π3 π π 3 2π 2π3
√ √ x
3 x 3 y
9.
    
x2 + 1dA =
   x2 + 1dydx = y x2 + 1 dx
y=x
R 0 −x 0
−x
√
   3
= (x x2 + 1 + x x2 + 1)dx
0 x
√ √
 3 3
2
  = 2x + 1dx = (x2 + 1)3/2 x2
0 3 0
y=-x
2 14
− = (43/2 13/2 ) =
3 3
  1
π/ 4 1 π/ 4 π4 y
1 2 1
10.
   xdA =
 − xdxdy = x dy = (1 tan2 y)dy
R 0  tan y 0 2 2 0 x=tany
tan y /4
π
π/ 4
1 π4 1
 − = − (2 sec2 y)dy = (2y
 tan y)
2 0 2 0 1 x
1 π π 1
=
2 2
1 =
4
− 2
−
 
  4 2  2 4
11. (x + y)dA = (x + y)dxdy + (x + y)dxdy
R 0 0 0 2
 4 2
   2  4
1 2 1 2
= x + xy dy + x + xy dy
2 2
=
0
4
(2 + 2y)dy +
0
−
2
[(8 + 4y)
0
 2
4
(2 + 2y)]dy = (2y + y 2 ) 0 + (6y + y 2 )
  2
0
0 0
= 24 + 16 = 40
4 4 3 3
12.
 R (x + y)dA =

0 0 (x + y)dxdy −  1 1 (x + y)dxdy
 4 4    3 3
1 2 1 2
=
2
x + xy  dy − 2
x + xy dy
=
0
4
(8 + 4y)dy −
0
3   −   
9
+ 3y
1
1
+y
1
dy
0 1 2 2
2
− 4 2
 − − 3
= (8y + 2y ) 0
(4y + y ) = 64 1
(21 5) = 48
 3 2x−x2  3
13. A = dydx = (2x − x2 + x)dx y
0 −x 0
  3 2x-x2
3 2
=
2
x − 13 x3  =
9
2 x
0
-x
14. Using symmetry, y
2
y2
1 2−y 1   1
− 23 y3 8
A=2
 dxdy = 2
 (2 y 2 y2 )dy = 2 2y
− − = . 2-y2
0 y2 0
 0 3
x
 4 ex  4
15. A = dydx = − ln x)dx = (ex − x ln x + x)|41
(ex y
1 ln x 1
4
ex
= (e − 4 ln4 + 4 ) − (e + 1) = e4 − e − 4 ln 4 + 3
lnx
10
4 x
y
4 4−x 4
− x − (2 − √x)2 ]dx
16. A =
 
0
√ dydx =
(2− x) 2
0
[4
 √− 4   4
8 3/2 16
= (4 x 2x)dx =
3
x − x2  =
3
4-x
0 0
(2-x)2
  1 −2x+3  1
y
17. A = dydx = −
( 2x + 3 − x3 )dx -2x+3
−2 x3 −2
− 1

= x2 + 3x − 14 x4 =
7
4
− (−14) = 634 x3
−2
18. Expressing y = −x2 + 3x and y = −2x + 4 as functions of y
y, we have x = − 12 √9 − 4y and x = 2 − 12 y.
3
2 2-y/2
2 2 y/ 2 2
A=
 − dxdy = 2 − y − 3 − 1 9 − 4y
      dy
0
√
3/2− 9−4y/ 2 2 2 2 0 3/2-1/2 9-4y
 − 2
 − − − 
1 1 2 1 3/2 1 27 13
=
2
y
4
y − 12
(9 − 4y)  =
12 12
=
6 x
0
19. The correct integral is ( c). √

V =2
 √ 2 4−y2
(4 − y)dxdy = 2
 2
(4 − 

y)x
4−y 2
dy = 2
 2
(4 − y)
− 4 y 2 dy
−2 0 −2 0 −2
 −  2
y 1
= 2 2y 4 y2 + 8 sin −1 + (4 − y2 )3/2 = 2(4π − (−4π)] = 16π
2 3  −2
20. The correct integral is (b).

V =8
 √ − r r 2 −y 2
(r2 y 2 )1/2 dxdy = 8
 r
(r 2 − y2 )1/2 x
√ r 2 −y 2
dy
0
r
0
r
0
0
y3
=8
 − − (r2 y2 )dy = 8 ry

0 3  0
r3 2r 3
−   
= 8 r3 =8 =
16 3
r
3 3 3
21. Setting z = 0 we have y = 6 − 2x. 6−2x

y
3 6−2x 3
1 2
V =
 
0 0 (6 − 2x − y)dydx = 0   −  −  6y 2xy 2y 0 dx
3 3
1
=
 − 6(6 2x) − 2x(6 − 2x) (6 − −
 − 2x) 2
dx = (18 12x + 2x2 )dx 6-2x
0 2 0
 −  3
2
= 18x 6x2 + x3 = 18
3  0
x
22. Setting z = 0 we have y ± 2. 2

y
V =
 3 2
0 0 (4
− y2 )dydx =
 3
0 4y − 13 y3

 dx =
0
 3 16
0 dx = 16
3
x
1 1
23. Solving for z , we have x = 2
2
x + y. Setting z = 0, we
2
− y
see that this surface (plane) intersects the xy-plane in the

−
line y = x 4. Since z (0, 0) = 2 > 0, the surface lies above
the xy-plane √ over the quarter-circular region. 4-x2
2 4−x
  − 2 
1 1
V = 2 x + y dydx 2
0 0 2 2
√
 − 2  4−x 2
1 1 2 x
= 2y xy + y 2 dx
0 2 4  0
2
  − − 
1
− 14 x2
= 2 4 x2
−
x 4 x2 + 1 dx
0 2
−  2
x 1
= x 4 x2 + 4 sin −1 + (4
2 6
− x2 )3/2 + x − 121 x3  0
=
 − −
2π + 2
2 4
= 2π
3 3
24. Setting z = 0 we have y = 3. Using symmetry, y

√ √ 3

3 3 3
1 2
V =2
  − (3 y)dydx = 2
 (3y − y ) dx
0 x2 0 2   3
x2
√ √
3  3
9 1 9
− x3 + 101 x5
=2
 − ( 3x2 + x4 )dx = 2 x
 2
x
0 2 2 2 0
√−√ 9 9 √ √
24 3
=2 3 3 3+ 3 = .
2 10 5 x
25. Note that z3= 2 2 y

1
 −3x1 + x + y is always positive.
1
Then
1
  3−3x
V = (1 + x2 + y 2 )dydx = y + x2 y + y 3 dx
0 0 0 3  0
 − 1
= [(3 3x) + x2 (3 − 3x) + 9(1 − x)3 ]dx 3-3x
0
 − 1
= (12 30x + 30x2
− 12x3 )dx
0
1 x
= (12 x − 15x2 + 10x3 − 3x4 ) 0 = 4.

26. In the first octant, z = x + y is nonnegative. Then√ y
√ 9−x2
3 9−x2  3 
1
V =
 (x + y)dydx = xy + y2 dx
0 0 0 2  0 3
 −3  9-x2
9
= x 9 x2 +
2
− 12 x2 dx
0
3
1 9 1
3 (9 x2 )3/2 + 2 x 6 x3
=
− − − − − −
  0
3 x
27 9
= ( 9) = 18.
2 2
27. In the first octant z = 6/y is positive. Then y

5 
6 5 6 6 6x 6 dy
= 30ln y 61 = 3 0 ln 6.

V = 1 0 dxdy = 1
y y 0
dy = 30 1
y
 | 6
5 x
28. Setting z = 0, we have x 2 /4 + y 2 /16 = 1. Using symmetry, y
√
2 2 4−x 2
− x2 − 14 y2 )dydx
V =4
 (4
0 0 4
√
2 2 4−x2

1 3
=4
 (4y − x2 y − y ) dx 24-x2
0 12 0
2
− x2 − 23 (4 − x2 )3/2 ]dx
=4
 [8 4 − x2 − 2x2 4
0
Trig substitution 2
  −
= 4 4x 4 x2 + 16sin −1
x

1
x(2x2
− − 4)
− 4 x2 − 4sin −1
x
x
2 4 2
1 − x 2 
+ x(2x2 20) 4
− x2 4sin
−
12 − − − 2 0
16π 4π 4π
=4 (0) = 16 π.
2 2 2
29. Note that z = 4 y 2 is positive for y
V =2
 2  − −√
2x−x2
(4 2
| | ≤ 1. Using symmetry,
y )dydx = 2
2
1 3

(4y − y )
√
2x−x
dx
 2
1
y
2x-x2
0 0 3 0
=2
  − −
02 4 2x x2
1
(2x − x2 )
 2x − x2

dx
0
x
3
2
1
=2
 (4 1
− − − (x 1)2 [1 − (x − 1)2 ]
− −1 (x 1)2 )dx
0 3
=2
 − −
u 1= x
[4 1
1, du = dx
u2
1
− (1 − u2 )
− 1
  −
u2 ]du = 2
1
11
1
1
u2 + u2
− 1 u2 du
−1 3 −1 3 3
Trig substitution
 − 1

11 11 1 − 1
=2 u 1 u2 + sin u + x(2x2 − 1) 1 u2 + sin −1 u
6 6 24 24 −1
=2
  − −
11 π
+
1 π 11 π
− 241 π2
 =
15
.
6 2 24 2 6 2 4
30. From z = 1 x2 and z = 1 y 2 we have 1 x2 = 1 y2 or

− − − −
y = x (in the first octant). Thus, the surfaces intersect in z
the plane y = x. Using symmetry,

1 1
  −   − 1 1 
1 3 1
V =2 1 y 2 dydx = 2 y y dx
0 x 0 3 x

−  1
2 1
=2 x + x3 dx 1
0 3 3 y
1 y=x
2
=2
3
x − 12 x2 + 121 x4 1
= .
2
1
  0
− −
31. From z = 4 x 2y and z = x +y, we have 4 x 2y = x +y − − z
3
or x = 2
2
y. − 4
 4/3  2−3y/ 2
V = [4 − x − 2y) − (x + y)]dxdy
0 0
2−3y/ 2
=
 4/3  −
4x x2 − 3xy  dy
0 x=2-3y/2 y
0 2
 4/3
 3
 −−  3
2
3
= −
4(2
2
y) − − 2
2
y 3 2
2
y y dy
x
0
4/3 − 
9
=
 4 6y + y 2 dy
0 4
 4/3
= 4y − 3y2 + 34 y3 =
16
9
0
32. Using symmetry,

√
−x 3 9 2
  − −  3
√
9−x2
z
1 3
V =4
 (9 x2
− − y2 )dydx = 4 [(9 x2 )y y ]
9
0 0 0 3 0
8
=
 03 (9 − x2 )3/2 dx Trig substitution
3
 3
8 x − 243 x 8 243 π 81π
= [ (2x2− − 45) 9 x2 + sin−1 ] = ( )= .
3 8 8 3 0 3 8 2 2 y
x y=9-x2
33. From z = x2 and z = x + 2 we have x 2 = x + 2 or x = 1
− − z
(in the first octant). Then

5 1 5 1 
1 2 1 3
V =
 ( x + 2 x2 )dxdy =
− ( −x + 2x x ) dy
 − −
0 0 0 2 3 0
5
7 35
=
 dy = .
0 6 6
y
x
34. From 2z = 4 x2 y2 and z = 2

− −
y we have − z
4 x2
− y2 = 4 2y or x2 + (y
− −1)2 = 1. We find −
the volume in the first octant and use symmetry.
V =2
2 √1−(y−1)
2
1 2 1 2
x y
2  −
(2 y) dxdy − − −
 
0 0 2 2
√1−(y−1) 2
 − 2 
1 3
=2
6
x − 12 xy2 + xy  dy
y
0 0 x
2
1 2 3/2 1 2
=2 1 (y 1) y 1 (y 1)2 + y 1 (y 1)2 dy
0
 −  − −  −  − −  − − 
2
6 2
1 1
=2 − − − − [1 (y 1)2 ]3/2 + (2y
− − y2 ) 1 (y 1)2 dy
0 6 2
2
 − − − 
1 1
=2 − −[1 (y 1)2 ]3/2 + [1 (y 1)2 ]3/2 dy
0 6 2
2
2
=
 − − [1 (y 1)2 ]3/2 dy Trig substitution
3 0
− − − −  − −   − −  2
2 y 1 3 2 3π 3 π π
= − 
[2(y 1)2 5] 1 (y 1)2 + sin −1 (y 1) = =
3 8 8 0 3 82 8 2 4
√
35. Solving x = y 2 for y, we obtain y = x. Thus,
y
 2  y2 4 2
f (x, y)dxdy = √x f (x, y)dydx.
0 0 0
x=y2
36. Solving x =
 25 − y2 for y, we obtain y = ±√25 − x2 . y
x
Thus,
x= 25-y2
 √5 25−y 2
f (x, y)dxdy =
 5
√
25−x2
f (x, y)dydx.
√
−5 0 0 − 25−x2 x
37. Solving y = e x for x, we obtain x = ln y. Thus, y
 3 ex   e3 3
f (x, y)dydx = f (x, y)dxdy. y=ex
0 1 1 ln y
3 x
−
38. Solving x = 3 y and x = y/2 for y, we obtain y = 3 −x y
and y = 2x. Thus,
 2 3−y  1 2x  3 3 −x x=y
f (x, y)dxdy = f (x, y)dydx+ f (x, y)dydx.
0 y/ 2 0 0 1 0
x=3-y
√
39. Solving y = x and y = 2 x for x, we obtain x = y 3 and
3
x = 2 − y. Thus, − y
√x
 1 3  2 2−x  1 2−y y=x
f (x, y)dydx+ f (x, y)dydx = f (x, y)dxdy.
0 0 1 0 0 y 3
y=2-x
√2 − y for y, we obtain y = x2 x
40. Solving x = y and x =
√
y
and y = 2 x2 . Thus, −
 1
√y  2
√2−y  1 2−x2
f (x, y)dxdy+ f (x, y)dxdy = f (x, y)dydx.
0 0 1 0 0 x2
x=y
1
x=2-y
x
1 1 1 y 1 y
1
41. x2 1 + y 4 dydx = x2 1 + y 4 dxdy = x3 1 + y4 dy
0 x 0 0 0 3 0 y
           1
1 1 3 1 1
= y 1 + y 4 dy = (1 + y 4 )3/2 1
3 0 3 6  0 y=x
1 √
=
18
(2 2 − 1)
x
 1 2  2 x/2  2  x/2
42. e−y/x dxdy = e−y/x dydx = −xe−y/x y
0 2y 0 0 0 0
 − 2  2 x=2y
= ( xe−1/2 + x)dx = (1 − e−1/2 )xdx

0 0
2
 x
1
= (1 − e−1/2 )x2 = 2(1 − e−1/2 )
2 0
√x √x
 2 4  4  4  y
43. cos x3/2 dxdy = cos x3/2 dydx = y cos x3/2 dx x=y2
0 y 2
0 0 0 0
√ 4 4

2 2
= x cos x3/2 dx = sin x3/2 = sin 8
0 3 0 3 x
1
√
1−x2 1
√1−y 2
y
44.
2
x 1 − x2 − y2 dydx = 2
x 1 − x2 − y2 dxdy y=1-x2
−1 −√1−x
     √ −1 − 1−y
1 1 −y 2
= − 13 (1 − x2
[ − y 2 )3/2 ]
√ dy x
−1 1−y 2
y=-1-x2
−
1
− 13
=
 − (0 0)dy = 0
−1
1 1 1 y 1  y
1 1 x
45.
 dydx =
 dxdy =
 dy y
0 x 1 + y4 0 0 1 + y4 0 1 + y4 0 y=x
1  1
y 1 π
=
 dy = tan −1 y2 =
0 1 + y4 2 0 8
4 2 2 x2 2 x2 y
x=y
46. √y x3 + 1dxdy = x3 + 1dydx = y x3 + 1 dx
0 0 0 0 0
2 2
     2 3
   
= x2 x3 + 1dx = (x + 1)3/2
0 9 0
2 3/2
=
9
(9 − 13/2 ) = 529
 b
d b d
1 1 x2 y
47. fave =
 xydxdy =
 dy x
A c a A c 2
=
1
 d
(b2 − a2 )y dy = 1
 − 
(b2
a
a2 )y 2
d
A c 2 A  4 c
1 (b2 a2 )(d2 c2 ) − −
=
A 4
−
But A = (b a)(d c), so −
(b2 a2 )(d2
− − c2 ) (b + a)(d + c)
fave =
4(b a)(d− − c) = 4
48. fave =
1
 √ − −
3
√
9−3y2
9 x2 3y2 dxdy
A − √3 − √ 9−3y2
=
1
 − − − √
3
√
9x
x3
3y2 x
9−3y 2
dy
A − √3
√
√ 3
− 9−3y 2
3
3y2 )3/2
=
1
  − − −
9 9 3y2
(9
− 3y2
−  9 3y 2
A − √3 3
(9 3y 2 )3/2
9 9 3y2 + + 3y 2 9 3y 2 dy
− −  −  −
√ 3
−  
3 − − − 9 3y 2 3y2
=
1
A − √3
9 3y 2 9
3
− 3y2 + 9 − − − 9
3
3y2 dy
√
3
1
=
 − − 9 3y 2 (12 4y 2 )dy
A − √3
 √  √
1 12 3y 9 3y
√  4
√ 3y − 81
√3y  3
= √ − 9 3y2 + sin −1 − 3√3 (6y2 − 9) 9 3y2 + sin−1

A 2 2 3 3 8 9
3

−
√
3
27π 3
√
=
2A
49. Let S be the solid with base R and height described by the function f (x, y). The volume of
S is equal to the volume of the solid with base R and constant height f ave .
d b d
1
50. (a)
 cos2 π(x + y)dA =
 cos2 π(x + y)dxdy =
 [sin2 π(b + y) − sin2 π(a + b)]dy
R c a 2π c
d
1
= [(sin 2πb cos2 πy + cos 2πb sin2 πy) (sin2 πa cos2 πy + cos 2πa sin2 πy)] dy
2π c d −

1
= (S1 co s 2πy + C1 si n 2πy)dy
2π c
1 1
 sin2 π(x + y)dA =
b  −
= 2 [S1 (sin2 πd sin2 πc) C1 (cos2 πd cos2 πc)] =
4π
d
sin2 π(x + y)dxdy
1 d
4π 2
−
(S1 S2 C1 C2 )
[cos2 π(b + y) cos2 π(a + y)]dy −

−
 −
−
R c a 2π c
d
− 2π1
=
 [(cos 2πb cos2 πy − sin2 πb sin2 πy) − (cos2 πa cos2 πy − sin2 πa sin2 πy)]dy
c
d
− 2π1
=
 (C1 co s 2πy − S1 si n 2πy)dy
c
= − 4π1 2 [C1 (sin 2πd − sin2 πc) + S1 (cos2 πd − cos2 πc)] = − 4π1 2 (C1 S2 + S1 C2 )
(b) If b − a = n is an integer, then b = a + n and
sin2 πb = sin2 π(a + n) = sin2 πa cos2 πn + cos 2πa sin2 πn = si n 2πa
cos2 πb = cos2 π(a + n) = cos 2πa cos2 πn sin2 πa sin2 πn = co s 2πa. −
14.4. CENTER OF MASS AND MOMENTS 161
In this case, S1 = 0 and C1 = 0, so R cos 2π(x+y)dA = 0 and


sinR si n 2π(x+y)dA =

−
0. Similarly, is d c is an integer, the double integrals are zero.
(c) If both integrals are 0, then
0 = (S1 S2 − C1 C2 )2 + (C1 S2 + S1 C2 )2 = S12 S22 + C12 C22 + C12 S22 + S12 C22
= (S12 + C12 )(S22 + C22 ).
Thus, either S12 + C 12 = 0, in which case S1 = C1 = 0, or S22 + C22 = 0, in which case

−
S2 = C 2 = 0. Suppose S1 = C 1 = 0, and b a = k or b = a + k. We want to show that
k is an integer. Consider
−
S1 = sin2 πb sin2 πa = sin2 π(a + k) sin2 πa −
= sin2 πa cos2 πk + cos 2πa sin2 πk sin2 πa −
−
C1 = cos2 πb cos2 πa = co s 2π(a + k) cos2 πa −
−
= cos2 πa cos2 πk sin2 πa sin2 πk cos2 πa −
− C1 = (si n 2πa − cos2 πa)cos2 πk + (sin 2πa + cos 2πa)sin2 πk − (sin2 πa − cos2 πa)
S1
= (sin 2πa − cos2 πa)(cos 2πk − 1) + (sin 2πa + cos 2πa)sin2 πk.
Since a is arbitrary we must have cos 2πk − 1 = 0 and si n 2 πk = 0, which implies k is an
integer. Similarly, if S 2 = C 2 = 0, d − c must be an integer.
51. By Problem 50 (a) we have

 Rk cos2 π(x + y)dA =
 Rk sin2 π(x + y)dA = 0 for k =
1, 2, ···
, n. Then
 cos2 π(x + y)dA =
 cos2 π(x + y)dA + · · ·+
 cos2 π(x +y)dA = 0+ · · · +0 = 0
R R1 Rn
and
  
sin2 π(x + y)dA = sin2 π(x+ y)dA + ·· · + sin2 π(x + y)dA = 0 + ·· · +0 = 0 .
R R1 Rn
Therefore by Problem 45 (c), at least one of the two sides of R must have integer length.
14.4 Center of Mass and Moments

3 4 3   4 3
1 2
1. m =
 xydxdy =
 x y dy = 8ydy
y
0 0 0
2 0 0
3
3
4y 2 0 = 36
=
 x=4
3 4   3 4
1 3
My =
 2
x ydxdy = x y dy
3
=
 0
3
0
64
ydy =
32 2
y
 
3
0
= 96
0 x
0 3 3 0

3 4 3  4
1 2 2
Mx =
 xy 2 dxdy =
 x y
0 0 0 2 0
3  3
8
=

8y dy = y 3 = 72 2
0 3 0
x = M y /m = 96/36 = 8 /3; y = M x /m = 72/36 = 2. The center of mass is (8 /3, 2).
 2 4−2x    − 2 2
4−2x
2. m = x2 dydx = x2 y 0
dx = x2 (4 2x)dx y
0 0 0 0
2 2
4 1 32 8
=  − − (4 22 2x3 )dx = x3 x4 = 8= 4
My =
0
2 4−2x
x3 dydx =
 −   − −
3
3
x3 y
4−2x
2
dx =
0 3
2
x3 (4
3
2x)dx y=4-2x
0 0 0 0 0
2  −  2
2 5
=
 − (4x3 2x4 )dx = x4 x
0
 5 0
= 16 − 645 = 165 2 x
2 4−2x   2 4−2x 2
1 2 2 1
Mx =
 2
x ydydx =
 x y dx = 2
x (4 2
− 2x) dx
0 0 0 2 0 2 0
2 2  2

1 4 3
− x4 + 15 x5
=
 (16x2 − 16x3 + 4x4 )dx = 2
 − (4x2 4x3 x4 )dx = 2 x
2 0 0 3 0
=2
 − 32
16 +
32
 =
32
15 15 15
32/15
x = My /m = 16/5 = 6/5; y = Mx /m = = 4/5.
8/3
The center of mass is (6 /5, 4/5).
3. Since both the region and ρ are symmetric with respect to y

the line x = 3, x = 3.
 3 6−y   3 6−y
3
m= 2ydxdy = 2xy x=6-y
x=y
0 y 0 y
 3  3
= 2y(6 − y − y)dy = (12y − 4y2 )dy
0 0 x
  3
4 3
= 6y 2
− y = 18
3
Mx =
  3 6−y
0
2y2 dxdy =
 3
2xy 2
 6−y
dxdy =
 3
2y 2 (6 − y − y)dy =
 3
(12y 2 − 4y3 )dy
0 y 0 y 0 0
3
= (4y 3 y4 ) 0 = 27
− 
y = M x /m = 27/18 = 3/2. The center of mass is (3 , 3/2).
4. Since both the reg ion and ρ are symmetric with respect to
3
the y-axis, x = 0. Using symmetry,
3 y  3  y x=y
1 3
m=
 (x2 + y 2 )dxdy = x + xy 2 dy
3
=
0
 3
0
1 3
y + y 3 dy =
4
 1
y dy = y 4 = 27
 0
3
3
 
3
0 x
0 3 03 3 0
3 y 3 y 3 3
2 3 1 3 1 4
Mx = (x y + y )dxdy = x y + xy 3 dy = y 4 + y 4 dy = y 4 dy
0 0 0 3 0 0 3 3 0
  3
    
4 5 324
= y
 =
15 0 5
324/5
y = M x /m = = 12/5. The center of mass is (0 , 12/5).
27
1 x2  1  x2
1
5. m =
 (x + y)dydx = xy + y 2 dx
y
y=x2
2
=
0
 1
0
1
x3 + x4 dx =
  0
1 4 1
x + x5
 
1
=
0
7 1
0 2 4 10 
0 20
1 x2  1
 x2
1
My =
 2
(x + xy)dydx = x y + xy2
2
dx
1 x
2
=
 0
1
0
1
x4 + x5 dx =
  1 5 1
 
x + x6
0
1
=
17
0
0 2 5 12  0 60
1 x2 1 x2 1
1 1 1 1
Mx = (xy + y 2 )dydx = xy2 + y 3 = x5 + x6 dx
0 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 3
   1
    
1 6 1 11
= x + x7 =
12 21 0 84 
17/60 11/84
x = My = m = = 17/21; y + Mx /m = = 55/147.
7/20 7/20
√x √x y
4 4 
1
6. m =
 
(y + 5)dydx = ( y 2 + 5y) dx 2 y=x
0 0 0 2 0
4 4
=
 1
x + 5 x dx =
√  1 2 10 3/2
x + x
 =
92
2 4 3 3√ 4 x
My =
0
 4
√x
(xy + 5x)dydx =
   
4
1 2
xy + 5xy
0
x
dx
0 0 0 2  0
  4
1 3 224
= x + 2x5/2 =
6 0 3

√x √x
4  4   4 
1 3 5 2 1 3/2 5
Mx =
 (y 2 + 5y)dydx = y + y dx = x + x dx
0 0 0 3 2  0 0 3 2
  4
2 5/2 5 2 364
= x + x =
15 4 0 15 
224/3 364/15
x = M y /m = = 56/23; y = M x /m = = 91/115.
92/3 92/3
The center of mass is (56/23, 91/115).
y
7. The density is ρ = ky. Since both the region and ρ are sym-
metric with respect to the y-axis, x = 0. Using symmetry, 1
1−x2 y=1-x2
1 1−x2 1 
1 2
m= 2
  kydydx = 2k y dx = k
 01 (1 − x2 )2 dx
0 0 0 2 0 1
x
1  1
2 3 1 5
=k
 − −
(1 2 4
2x + x )dx = k(x x + x )
0 3 5 0
=k 1
−  2 1
+ =
8
k
3 5 15
1 1−x2 1 1−x2
 1
1 3 2
Mx = 2
  ky 2 dydx = 2k y dx = k
 (1 − x2 )3 dx
0 0 0 3 0 3 0
1   1
2 2 3 1 7
 − (1 3x2 + 3x4 x6 )dx = k x x3 + x5
= k
2
 − − −
3 0
= k 1 1+
3 1
=
32
k
3 5 7
x − −  0
3 5 7 105
32k/105
y = M x /m = = 4/7. The center of mass is (0,4/7).
8k/15
y
8. The density is ρ = kx. y=s n x
 π sin x   π sin x  π
1
m= kxdydx = kxy dx = kx sin xdx
0 0 0 0 0
π x
π
My =
 −
= k(sin x
π sin x
x cos x)
2
kx dydx =
|0 = kπ
 π
kx2 y
sin x
 dx =
 π
kx2 sin xdx Integration by parts
0 0 0 0 0
2 π
2x sin x) 0 = k[(π 2 2

Mx =
 −
= k( x cos x + 2 cos x +
π sin x
kxydydx =
 π
1 2
sin x
kxy
 dx
− 2) − 2] = k(π − 4)
0 0 0 2 0
π π
1 1
 kx sin2 xdx =

=
1
= k
0
 2
π
xdx −
 π
0
x cos2 xdx
4
kx(1
− cos2 x)dx
4 0 0
π
 −  π
1 1 2 1 1 1 1
= k[ x (cos2 x + 2x sin2 x) ] = k( π 2 ) = kπ 2
4 2 0 4 0 4 2 8
k(π2 4) − kπ 2 /8
x = My /m =
kπ
= π 4/π; y = M x /m =
kπ
−
= π/8.
The center of mass is ( π 4/π,π/ 8). −
1 ex 1
   ex 1
1 4 1 4x
9. m =
 y 3 dydx = y dx = e dx y
y=ex
0 0 0 4 0 0 4
1
1 4x 1 4
=
16
e =
16
(e − 1)
  1 0ex   1 ex 1
1 4
My = xy 3 dydx = xy dx
0 0 0 4 0 1 x
1
1 4x
=
 xe dx Integration by parts
0 4
    1
1 1 4x
=
4 4
xe
3 4
16
− 161 e4x
e +
1
16
=
1
64(3e4 + 1)
=
1
4
0 x
e 1 
1 ex 1 1 1 1 1 5x 1 5
Mx = 0 0 y 4 dydx = 0 y5 dx = 0 e5x dx =
 5 0 5
  25
e =
25
(e 1) −
0
(3e4 + 1)/64 3e4 + 1 (e5 1)/25 16(e5 − − 1)
x = My /m = = ; y = M x /m = 4 =
(e4 1)/16 4(e4 1) − (e 1)/16 25(e4
− − − 1)
4
3e + 1 16(e 5 1) − ≈
The center of mass is ( , (0.77, 1.76).
4(e4 1) 25(e4 1) − −
y
10. Since both the region and ρ are symmetric with
respect to the y-axis, x = 0. √Using symmetry,
√ 9−x2 3
3 9−x2 3 y=9-x 2
2 2
m=2 x dydx = 2 x y dx
 0
  0 0 0
 − 3
=2 x2 9 x2 dx Trig substitution
0 3 x
 − −  3
x 81 x 81 π 81π
= 2 (2x2 9) 9 x2 + sin−1 = = .·
8 8 3 0√ 4 2 8
Mx = 2
   
3
√
9−x2
x2 ydydx = 2
3
1 2 2
x y
9−x2
dydx =
 3
x2 (9 − x2 )dx
0
 0 0 2 0 0
 3
1 5 162
= (3x2 − 
x =
5 0 5
162/5
y = M x /m = = 16/5π. The center of mass is (0 , 16/5π).
81π/8
 1 y −y 2  1  y −y 2  1
y
11. Ix = 2xy2 dxdy = x2 y 2 dy = (y − y2 )2 y2 dy
0 0 0 0 0
1
1
1  
1 5
− 13 y6 + 17 y7 1
=
 − (y 4 2y 5 + y 6 )dy = y = x=y-y2
0 5  0 105
x
√x √x
1 1  1
1 2 3 1 y
12. Ix = x2 y2 dydx = x y dx = (x7/2 − x8 )dx y=x2
0 x2 0 3 x2 3 0
1 1 y=x
=

1 2 9/2
( x − 19 x9 )
 =
1
 
3 9 0 27
1 x

 cos x
π/ 2 cos x π/ 2 π/ 2
1 3 2
Ix = 2
    ky 2 dydx = 2k y dx = k cos3 xdx
1
y=cos x
0 0 0 3  3 0
0
π/2 x
π/ 2  π/ 2
2 2 1 4
=

k − − cos x(1 sin2 x)dx = k(sin x sin 3 x) = k.
3 0 3 3 0 9
√ √
2   4−x2 2 4−x2 2
1 4 1
14. Ix =
  − y 3 dydx = y dx = (4 x2 )2 dx
y
0 0 0 4 0 4 0 2
y=4-x2
2
 −  2
1 1 8 3 1 5
=
 − (16 8x + x )dx = 2
16x 4
x + x
4 0
 4 3 5 0
=
1
 −  − 32
64 32
+ =8 1
2 1
+ =
64 2 x
4 3 5 3 5 15
4   √y 4 √y 4 4
1 3 1 1
15. Iy =
  
x2 ydxdy = x y dy = y 3/2 ydy = y5/2 dy
y
0 0 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 4
  4
1 2 7/2 2 7/2 256
= y = (4 ) =
3  7 0 21 21
x=y
2 x
√x √x
 1   1  1 y
16. Iy = x4 dydx = x4 y dx = (x9/2 − x6)dx y=x2
0 x2 0 x2 0
1
 1 y=x
2 11/2
=(
11
x − 17 x7 ) =
3
77
0
1 x
3 y
 1 3  1  x=y
17. Iy = (4x3 + 3x2 y)dxdy = (x4 + x3 y) dy 1
0 y 0 y
 1
= (81 + 27y − 2y4 )dy 3 x
0
  1
27 2
= 81y +
2
y − 25 y5  =
941
10
0
y
18. The density is ρ = ky. Using symmetry, 1
1 1−x 1 21−x  2
1 y=1-x2
1 2 2
Iy = 2
 kx2 ydydx = 2 kx y dx = k
  x2 (1 − x2 )2 dx
0 0 0 2 0 0
1 x
1  1
1 2 5 1 7 8k
=k
 (x 2
− 2x + x )dx = k( x3
4 6
− x + x ) = .
0 3 5 7 0 105
m=2
 √ a a2 −y 2
xdxdy = 2
 √a
1 2
x
a2 − y 2
dy =
 a
(a2 − y2 )dy y=a2-x2
a
0 0 0 2 0 0
 a
1 3 2 3
= (a2 y −  y ) = a . a
3 3 x
Iy = 2
 √ a a2 y 2
0
x3 dxdy = 2
 √a
1 4
x
a2 − y 2
dy =
1
 a
(a2 − y2 )2 dy
0 0 0 4 0 2 0
a a
1 1 4
=
2
(a4 − 2a2 y2 + y4 )dy = 2
(a y − 23 a2 y3 + 15 y5 ) =
4 5
15
a
0
  0
Iy 4a5 /15
 2

Rg = = = a
m 2a3 /3 5
 a a− x   a −a− x a
20. m = 0 0 kdydx = 0 ky 0 dx = k 0 (a x)dx = y
a
1 2 1
k(ax −  x ) = ka2 a
y=a-x
2 0 2
a a− x   a a− x a
1 3 1
Ix =
 ky 2 dydx =
 ky dx = k (a − x)3 dx
0 0
 0 3 0 3 0 a
x
a a

1 1 3 2 2 1 4 1 4
= k
 − (a 3
3a x 2
− x )dx = k(a3 x
3
− a x + ax3 − x ) = ka
3 0 3 2 4 0 12
  Ix ka 4 /12
 1
Rg = = = a
m ka2 /2 6
21. (a) Using symmetry,

√
b a2 −x2 /a a
4b3
Ix = 4
  0a y 2 dydx =
 (a2 − x2 )3/2 dx x = a sin θ, dx = a cos θdθ
0 3a3 0
π/ 2 π/ 2
4 3 4 3 1
= ab
 cos4 θdθ = ab
 (1 + cos 2θ)2 dθ
3 0 3 0 4
π/ 2  π/ 2
1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1
= ab
 (1 + cos 2θ + + cos 4θ)dθ = ab3 ( θ + sin 2θ + sin 4θ)
3 0 2 2 3 2 2 8 0
ab3 π
= .
4
√
(b) Using symmetry, 2 2
a b a −x /a a
4b
Iy = 4
 x2 dydx =
  x2 a2 − x2 dx x = a sin θ, dx = a cos θdθ
0 0 a 0
π/ 2 π/ 2
1
= 4a3 b
 sin2 θ cos2 θdθ = 4a3 b
 (1 − cos2 2θ)dθ
0 0 4
π/ 2 π/ 2
a3 bπ
= a3 b
 (1 − 12 − 12 cos 4θ)dθ = a3 b( 12 θ − 18 sin 4θ)
 = .
0 0 4
1 1
(c) Using m = πab, R g = ab3 π/πab = b.
 Ix /m =

2 2
 1  1
(d) Rg = Iy /m = a3 bπ/πab = a
2 2
22. The equation of the ellipse is 9 x2 /a2 + 4y2 /b2 = 1 and the equation of the parabola is
y = (9bx2 /8a2 b/2). Letting I e and I p represent the moments of inertia of the ellipse and
± −
parabola, respectively,
√ about the x-axis, we have
0 b a −9x 2a 2
0 2
b3 a a
Ie = 2 y2 dydx = (a2 9x2 )3/2 dx x = sin θ, dx = cos θdθ −
a/3 0 12a3 a/3 3 3
b3− a4 0 b3 a 3π 3π
ab−
=
  
cos4 θdθ = =
12a3 3 −π/3 36 16 192
and
2a/3
 −  b/2−9bx2 /8a2 2a/3 3
2 b 9b 2
Ip = 2
  y 2 dydx = x dx
0 0 3 0 2 8a2
2a/3 3 2a/3
b3 b3
=
2
 −   − 1
9 2
x dx = 1
27 2
x +
243 4
x
729 6
− 64a x
 dx
3 8 0 4a2 12 0 4a2 16a4 6
2a/3
b3 b3 8ab3
=
− 9 3
− x

x +
243 5
x
729 7
x =
32a
= .
12 4a2  80a4 64a6 0 12 105 315
3
ab π 8ab 3
Then I x = I e + Ip = + .
192 315
14.5. DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 169
1 2 1 4
23. From Problem 20, m = ka and I x = ka . y
2 12
 a a−x  a  a− x  a
Iy = kx2 dydx = kx2 y dx = k x2 (a − x)dx a
y=a-x
0 0 0 0 0
  4
1 3
= k
3
ax − 14 x4  =
1 4
12
ka
a
0 x
1 4 1 1
I0 = I x + Iy = ka + ka4 = ka 4
12 12 6
1 3 1 3
24. From Problem 12, I x = , and from Problem 16, I y = . Thus, I 0 = I x + Iy = + =
158 27 77 27 77
.
2079
25. The density is ρ = k/(x2 + y 2 ). Using symmetry, y
√ √  6 −y 2 2
2 6−y 2 2
k
I0 = 2
  (x2 + y 2 ) 2 dxdy = 2
 kx dy
x=6-y2
0 y 2 +2 x + y2 0  y 2 +2 6 x
x=y2+2
√ √
2   2
2 3
= 2k
 − (6 y 2 2
− y − 2)dy = 2k 4y − y
0 3  0
 √ 8
√
16 2
= 2k 2 = k.
3 3
3 4  3  4
1 3
26. I0 =
 2
k(x + y )dxdy = k 2
x + xy 2 dy
y
0 y 0 3  y x=y
 3 
64 1 3
=k + 4y 2 − y −y 3
dy
0 3 3
3
=k 64 3 − 13 y4
3 y + 43 y = 73k
  0
4 x
1 2 1
27. From Problem 20, m = ka , and from Problem 21, I 0 = ka4 .
 2 6
ka4 /6
 1

Then R g = I0 /m = = a.
ka2 /2 3
28. Since the plate is homogeneous, the density is ρ = m/lw. Using symmetry,
 w/ 2
l/2 w/ 2   l/2
m 2 4m 1
I0 = 4
  (x + y 2 )dydx = x2 y + y 3 dx
0 0 lw lw 0 3
0
l/2 l/2
w 2 w3 w 3 w3 wl 3 lw3 l2 + w2
=
4m
  x +
 dx =
4m
 x + x
  =
4m
+
 =m .
lw 0 2 24 lw 6 24  0 lw 48 48 12
14.5 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

1. Using symmetry,
 3+3sin θ
π/ 2 3+3sin θ π/ 2
1 2
A=2
  rdrdθ = 2
 r dθ
2
−π/2 0 −π/ 2
 0
 π/ 2  π/x
= 9(1 + sin θ)2 dθ = 9 (1 + 2sin θ + sin2 θ)dθ 3 polar
−π/2 −π/ 2 axis
−  π/ 2
1 1
=9 θ − 2cos θ + θ
2 4
sin 2θ
−π/2
=9 3π
22
 − −   3
2
π
2
= 27π
2
2. Using symmetry,
π   2+cos θ π 2+cos θ π
1 2
A=2
 rdrdθ = 2 r dθ =
 (2 + cos θ)2 dθ
2
0 0 0 2 0 0
π   π polar
1 1
=
 (4 + 4cos θ + cos2 θ)dθ = 4θ + 4 sin θ + θ + cos 2θ axis
0 2 4  0

= 4π +
−  π 1
+
1
=
9π
.
2 4 4 2
3. Solving r = 2sin θ and r = 1, we obtain sin θ = 1/2 or

2
θ = π/6. Using symmetry,
  π/ 6 2sin θ   π/ 2 1
A=2 rdrdθ + 2 rdrdθ
0 0 π/ 6 0
 2sin θ  1 1
π/ 6 π/ 2 π/ 6 π/ 2 polar
1 2 1 2
=2 r dθ + 2 r dθ = 4sin 2 θdθ + dθ axis
0 2 π/ 6 2 0 π/ 6
0 0
= (2θ

− sin2 θ)|
 π/ 6
0 +
 −  − √  − √ 
π π
=
π 3 π
+ =
4π 3 3
2 6 3 2 3 6
  8sin4 θ
π/ 4 8sin4 θ π/ 4 π/ 4
1 2 1
4. A =
  rdrdθ =
 r dθ = 64sin 2 4θdθ
0 0 0 2 2 0
0
 −  π/ 4
1 1
= 32 θ sin 8θ = 4π polar
2 16  0 axis
5. Using symmetry,
  5cos3 θ
  π/ 6 5cos3 θ  π/ 6 π/ 6
V =2 4rdrdθ = 4 r2 dθ = 4 25 cos2 3θdθ polar
0 0  0 0 axis
0
  π/ 6
1 1 25π
= 100 θ+ sin 6θ =
2 12  0 3
2π 2 2π  2
− 13 (9 − r2 )3/2
6. V =
  − 9 r2 rdrdθ =
 dθ
0 0 0
 0
√5)
2π
1 1
− 53/2 )2π = 2π(27 −3 5
= −
 − (53/2 27)dθ = (27 polar
3 0 3 axis
2π 3 2π  3
− 13 (16 − r2)3/2
7. V =
  16 − r2 rdrdθ =
 dθ
0 1 0 1
2π
1 − 153/2 )dθ = 13 (153/2 − 73/2 )2π = 2π(15√153 − 7√7)
= −
 (73/2
 polar
3 0 axis
5
  2
5 √2  2π
1 3

8. V = π r rdrdθ = r dθ
0 0 0 3 0
2π
125 250π
=
 dθ =
0 3 3 polar
axis
 1+cos θ
π/ 2 1+cos θ π/ 2
1 3
9. V =
  (r sin θ)rdrdθ =
 r sin θ dθ
0 0 0 3  0
π/ 2 π/ 2
1 1
=
3
(1 + cos θ)3 sin θdθ =
3
− 14 (1 + cos θ)4 polar
axis
0
0
−
 1
− 24 ) = 54
 
= (1
12
10. Using symmetry,
   cos θ
π/ 2 cos θ π/ 2
1
V =2
  (2 + r 2 )rdrdθ = r2 + r4 dθ
0 0 0 4
=2
  π/ 2
cos2 θ +
1
   
cos4 θ dθ = 2
π/ 2
0
1 1 + cos 2θ 2
cos2 θ + ( ) dθ
 1 polar
0 4 0 4 2 axis
  π/ 2 
1 1 1
= 2cos 2 θ + + cos 2θ + cos2 2θ dθ
0 8 4 8
  π/ 2
1 1 1 1 1 19π
= θ+ sin 2θ + θ + sin 2θ + θ + sin 4θ = .
2 8 8 16 64  0 32
3

π/ 2 3
   π/ 2 1 2 1  π/ 2
11. m = 0 1 krdrdθ = k 0 r dθ = k 0 8dθ = 2kπ
2 1 2
 3
π/ 2 3 π/ 2 3 π/ 2
1 3
My =
  kxrdrdθ = k
  2
r cos θdrdθ= k
 r cos θ dθ
3
0 1 0 1 0
 1
3
polar
axis
π/ 2  π/ 2
1 26 26
= k
 26 cos θdθ = k sin θ = k
3 0 3 0 3
26k/3 13
x = M y /m = 2kπ = 3π .

Since the region and density function are symmetric about the ray θ = π/4, y = x = 13/3π and
the center of mass is (13 /3π, 13/3π).
12. The interior of the upper-half circle is traced from θ = 0 1

to π/2. The density is kr. Since both the region and the
density are symmetric about the polar axis, y = 0.
 cos θ 1 polar
π/ 2 cos θ π/ 2 π/ 2
1 3 k
m=
   kr 2 drdθ = k r dθ =
 cos3 θdθ axis
0 0 0 3  3 0
0
   π/ 2
k 2 1 2k
= + cos 2 θ sin θ =
3 3 3 0 9
 cos θ
π/ 2 cos θ π/ 2 cos θ π/ 2
1 4
My = k
  (r cos θ)(r)(rdrdθ) = k
  r3 cos θdrdθ = k
 r cos θ dθ
0 0 0 0 0 4
0
π/ 2
π/ 2
=k cos5 θdθ = k sin θ 2 sin 3 θ + 1 sin 5 θ = 2k
  −
 
4 0 4 3 5 0 15
2k/15
Thus, x = = 3/5 and the center of mass is (3 /5, 0).
2k/9
13. In polar coordinates the line x = 3 becomes r cos θ = 3 or √

r = 3 sec θ. The angle of inclination of the line y = 3x is
π/3.
3 sec θ
π/ 3 π/ 3
1 4
m=
  03sec θ r2 rdrdθ =
 r dθ
0 0 4 0
π/ 3 π/ 3
81 81
=
 sec4 θdθ =
 (1 + tan2 θ)sec 2 θdθ 3 polar
4 0 4 0 axis
 π/ 3 √ √ √
81 1 81 81
= (tan θ + tan 3 θ) = ( 3+ 3) = 3
4 3 0 4 2

  π/ 3 3sec θ   π/ 3 3sec θ
My = xr 2 rdrdθ = r4 cos θdrdθ
0 0 0 0
 3sec θ
π/ 3 π/ 3
1 5 243
=
 r cos θ dθ =
 sec5 θ cos θdθ
0 5  5 0
0
π/ 3 √ √
243 243 486
=
 sec4 θdθ = (2 3) = 3
5 0 5 5
 3sec θ
π/ 3 3sec θ π/ 3 3sec θ π/ 3
2 4 1 5
Mx = yr rdrdθ = r sin θdθ = r sin θ
0 0 0 0 0 5
0
 
243 π/ 3
243
    243 π/ 3
= sec5 θ sin θdθ = 0π/ 3 tan θ sec4 θdθ = tan θ(1 + tan2 θ)sec 2 θdθ
5 0 5 5 0
π/ 3   π/ 3
243 243 1 1 243 3 9 729
=
 (tan θ + tan θ)sec θdθ = 3 2
tan 2 θ + tan 4 θ = ( + )=
5 0 √ 5 2 4  0 5 2 4 4
486 3/5 729/4
x = M y /m =
81 3/2
√
= 12/5; y = M x /m =
81 3/2
√ =
√
3 3/2. The center of mass is (12 /5, 3 3/2).
√
14. Since both the region and the density are symmet ric about
the x-axis, y = 0. Using symmetry,
 4cos2 θ
π/ 4 4cos2 θ π/ 4
1 2
m=2
  krdrdθ = 2k
 r dθ polar
0 0 0  2 axis
0
π/ 4 π/ 4
1 1
= 16k
 cos2 2θdθ = 16k( θ + sin 4θ)  = 2kπ
0 2 8 0
4cos2 θ
π/ 4 4cos2 θ π/ 4 4cos2 θ π/ 4
2 1 3
My = 2 kxrdrdθ = 2k r cos θdrdθ= 2k 3 r cos θ dθ
  0 0
 
0 0
 0

0
π/ 4 π/ 4
128 128
=
k cos3 2θ cos θdθ = k
 − (1 2sin 2 θ)3 cos θdθ
3 0 3 0
π/ 4
128
=
k (1 − 6sin 2 θ + 12sin 4 θ − 8sin 6 θ)cos θdθ
3 0
 π/ 4
128
=
3
− 2sin 3 θ + 125 sin5 θ − 87 sin7 θ)
k(sin θ 
128
√2 √2 3 √2 √2 1024 √ 0
 
=
3
k
2
− 2 + 10 − 14 = 105 2k
√
1024 2/105
√
512 2
x = My /m = = .
2kπ √ 105π
The center of mass is (512 2/105π, 0) or approximately (2.20, 0).
15. The density is ρ = k/r.

π/ 2 2+2cos θ π/ 2 2+2cos θ 4 polar
k
m=
  rdrdθ = k
  drdθ axis
0 2 r 0 2
 π/ 2
=k 2cos θdθ = 2k(sin θ) 0 |π/2 = 2k
0
π/ 2 2+2cos θ π/ 2 2+2cos θ 2+2cos θ
k 1
My = x rdrdθ = k r cos θdrdθ = k 0π/2 r 2 cos θdθ
r 2
0 π/22 0 2 2
 
1
   π/ 2
 
= k (8 cos θ + 4 cos2 θ)cos θdθ = 2k (2cos 2 θ + cos θ − sin2 θ cos θ)dθ
2 0 0
 π/ 2
1
= 2k(θ +
2
sin 2θ + sin θ − 13 sin3 θ) = 2k(
π 2
2
+ )=
3
3π + 4
3
k
0
 2+2cos θ
π/ 2 2+2cos θ 2+2cos θ π/ 2
k 1 2
Mx =
  y rdrdθ = k
  r sin θdrdθ= k
 r sin θdθ
0 2 r π/ 2 2 0 2
1
= k
 π/ 2
(8cos θ + 4 cos2 θ)sin θdθ =
− 1
k 4cos 2 θ − 43 cos3 θ
  π/ 2
2
2 0 2  0
1
= k
− − −  4
= k
8
4
2 3 3
(3π + 4)k/3 3π + 4 8k/3 4
x = M y /m = = ; y = M x /m = =
2k 6 2k 3
The center of mass is ((3 π + 4)/6, 4/3).
2
π 2+2cos θ   π 2+2cos θ π
1 2
16. m =
 krdrdθ = k r dθ = 2k
 (1 + cos θ) dθ 2
0 0 0 2 0 0 4 polar
 π axis
2
= 2k (1 + 2cos θ + cos θ)dθ
0
  π
1 1
= 2k θ + 2 sin θ + θ + sin 2θ = 3πk
2 4
My =
 π 2+2cos θ
kxrdrdθ = k
  π
0
2+2cos θ
r2 cos θdrdθ = k
  π
1 3
r
2+2cos θ
cos θdθ
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
π π
8 8
= k
 (1 + cos θ)3 cos θdθ = k

(cos θ + 3 cos2 θ + 3 cos3 θ + cos4 θ)dθ
3 0 3 0
     π
8 3 3 3 1 1
= k sin θ + θ + sin 2θ + (3sin θ sin3 θ) + θ + sin 2θ + sin 4θ −
3 2 4 8 4 32  0
8
= k
 
15
π = 5πk
3 8
π 2+2cos θ π 2+2cos θ   π 2+2cos θ

1 3
Mx =
 kyrdrdθ = k
 r2 sin θdrdθ= k r sin θdθ
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
π π
8 8
= k
 (1 + cos θ)3 sin θdθ =
 k (1 + 3 cos θ + 3 cos2 θ + cos3 θ)sin θdθ
3 0 3 0
−  π  − − 
8
= k
3
cos θ − 32cos 2 θ − cos3 θ − 14 cos4 θ  =
8 1
k
3 4
15
4
=
32
3
k
0
5πk 32k/3
x = My /m = = 5/3; y = M x /m = = 32/9π. The center of mass is (5 /3, 32/9π).
3πk 3πk
2π a 2π a 2π  a
1 4 2
17. Ix =
  y2 krdrdθ = k
  r 3 sin2 θdrdθ = k
 r sin θ dθ
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 a polar
2π 2π axis
ka 4 ka4 kπa 4
=
 2
sin θdθ =
 − 1
θ
1
sin 2θ
 =
4 0 4 2 4  0 4
2π a 2π a
1 r3
18. Ix =
  y2 rdrdθ =
  sin 2 θdrdθ
0 0 1 + r4 0 0 1 + r4 a polar
2π a
   2π
1 1 1 1
=
 ln(1 + r 4 ) sin2 θdθ = ln(1 + a4 ) θ − sin 2θ
axis
0 4 0 4 2 4  0
π
= ln(1 + a4 )
4
19. Solving a = 2a cos θ, cos θ = 1/2 or θ = π/3. The density a

is k /r3 . Using symmetry,
π/ 3 2a cos θ π/ 3 2a cos θ
k
Iy = 2
  x2 3 rdrdθ = 2k cos2 θdrdθ
  2a polar
axis
0 a r 0 a
 π/ 3
= 2k (2a cos3 θ − a cos2 θ)dθ
0
 π/ 3
= 2ak 2sin θ − 23 sin3 θ − 12 θ − 14 sin 2θ 
√ √3 π √3 5ak√3 0akπ 
= 2ak 3− −6− 8 = 4 − 3
4
20. Solving 1 = 2sin2 θ, we obtain sin 2 θ = 1/2 or θ = π/12

and θ = 5π/12.
1 polar
axis
  5π/ 12 2sin2 θ   5π/ 12 2sin2 θ

Iy = x2 sec2 θrdrdθ = r3 drdθ
π/ 12 1 π/ 12 1
2sin2 θ
 5π12
1
=
 π/125π/12 r4 dθ = 4
 sin4 2θdθ
4 1 π/ 12
 −  5π/ 12
3 1 1
=2 θ sin 4θ + sin 8θ
4 4 32  π/ 12
 √ 5π 3
√3   π
√3 √3  8π + 7 3
√
=2
16
+
8
− 64 − 16
− 8
+
64
=
16
21. From Problem 17, Ix = kπa 4 /4. By symmetry, Iy = Ix .

Thus I 0 = kπa4 /2.
a
polar
axis
π θ   π θ
1 5
22. The density is ρ = kr . I0 =
 r2 (kr)rdrdθ = k r dθ
0 0 0 5 0
π π
kπ 6
=
1
k
 
θ 5 dθ =
1
k
1 6
θ = 1 polar
5 0
 5 6 0 30 axis
3 1/r 3 1/r
k
23. The density is ρ = k/r. I0 =
  r 2 rdθdr = k f 2 dθdr
1 0 r 1 0
3 3
r2 1 1 r2
=k
     r
dr = k
2
= 4k
1 1
3 polar
π 2a cos θ  π 2a cos θ π axis
1 4
24. I0 =
 2
r krdrdθ = k
 r dθ = 4ka 4 4
cos θdθ
0 0 0 4 0 0
π
3kπa 4
= 4ka4
 3 1
θ + sin 2θ +
1
sin 4θ
   = 4ka4
3π
= 2a polar
8 4 32  0 8 2
axis
√
3
  9−x 2
   || π
25. x2 + y 2 dydx = 03 r rdrdθ r=3
−3 0 0
   π 3 π
1 3
= r dθ = 9 dθ = 9π
0 3 0 0 3 polar
axis
26.
 √ 
√
2/2 1−y 2
y2
dxdy =
  π/ 4 1
r2 sin2 θ
rdrdθ
0 y x2 + y 2 0 0 ||
r r=1
  π/ 4 1
= r2 sin2 θdrdθ
0 0 1 polar
 1 axis
π/ 4 π/ 4
1 3 2 1
=
 r sin θ dθ =
 2
sin θdθ
0 3 3  0
0
π/ 4
=
1 1
( θ
1
sin 2θ) =
π −2
3 2 −4 0 24

27.
 √1 1−y2
ex
2
+y 2
dxdy =
  π/ 2 1
2
er rdrdθ =
 π/ 2
1 r
e
2
 1
dθ
0 0 0 0 0 2  r=1
0
π/ 2
=
1
 (e − 1)dθ = π(e − 1)
2 0 4 1 polar
axis
√x √ √x
  π −x 2  π
28. sin(x2 + y 2 )dydx = (sin r2 )rdrdθ r=π
− √x 0 0 0
√x
π 
1
=
− cos r2 dθ π polar
0 2 axis
0
π
1
= −
 − − 1)dθ = π
( 1
2 0
√ √
1 4−x2 2 4−x2
x2 x2
29. x2 + y 2 dydx = x2 + y 2 dydx

0
√
1−x2
 1 0 r=2
π/ 2 2
r2 cos2 θ 1
=
  rdrdθ
0 1 r2
2 polar
  π/ 2 2
axis
= r cos2 θdrdθ
0 1
  2
π/ 2 π/ 2
1 2 3
=
 r cos2 θdθ = cos2 θdθ
0
 2 2 0
1
  π/ 2
3 1 1 3π
= θ + sin 2θ =
2  2 4 0 8
30.
 √1 2 y −y 2
(1 − x2 − y2 )dxdy
r=csc θ
r=2 sin θ
0 0
  − π/ 4
  − 2sin θ π/ 2 csc θ
2 2 1 polar
= (1 r )rdrdθ + (1 r )rdrdθ
0 0 π/ 4 0 axis
  −    −  2 sin θ csc θ

π/ 4 π/ 2
1 2 1 4 1 2 1 4
= r r dθ + r r dθ
0 2 4 π/ 4 2 4
0 0
π/ 4 π/ 2
−  (2 sin2 θ 4sin 4 θ)dθ + 12 csc 2 θ 14 csc 4 θ dθ
=
 0
  −  π/ 4
 − − −  − −  π/ 2
1 3 1 1 1
= θ
2
sin 2θ
2
θ sin2 θ +
8
sin 4θ +
2
cot θ
4
( cot θ− − 13 cot3 θ)  π/ 4
=
−   − −  −
π 1
+ + 0
1
+
1
=
16 3π
8 2 4 12 24
√ 5
  5 25−x2  π 5
r=5
31. (4x + 3y)dydx = (4r cos θ + 3r sin θ)rdrdθ
−5 0 0 0
 π 5
5 po ar
= (4r 2 cos θ + 3r2 sin θ)drdθ axis
0 0
 π  5
4 3
= r cos θ + r3 sin θ dθ
0 3  0
π π
500 500
=
3
cos θ + 125sin θ dθ =
3
sin θ − 125 cos θ = 250
0 0
   
32.
 √1 1−y 2
 1
dxdy =
  π/ 2 1
1
rdrdθ
1
r=1
0 0 1+ x2 + y 2 0 0 1+r
 1 1 polar
π/ 2 1 π/ 2
1
=
  − (1 )drdθ =
 [r − ln(1 + r)] dθ
axis
0 0 1+r 0  0
π/ 2
π
=
 − (1 ln2) dθ = (1 − ln2)
0 2
 t
∞ ∞ π/ 2 ∞ π/ 2
− 12 e−r
33. I 2 =
  e−(x
2
+y 2 )
dxdy =
  2
e−r rdrdθ =
 lim
2
dθ
0 0 0 0 0 t→∞  0
 − π/ 2
1 −t 1 2
  π/ 2
1 π
√π
= lim e + dθ = dθ = ; I =
0 t→∞ 2 2 0 2 4 2
   π/ 2 2   π/ 2 2
34. (x + y)dA = (r cos θ + r sin θ)rdrdθ = r2 (cos θ + sinθ)drdθ
R 0 2 sin θ 0 2 sin θ
2

π/ 2 π/ 2
1 3 8
=
 r (cos θ + sin θ) dθ =
 (cos θ + sin θ − sin3 θ cos θ − sin4 θ)dθ
0 3  3 0
2sin θ
 π/ 2

8
=
3
] sin θ cos θ − − 14 sin4 θ + 14 sin3 θ cos θ − 38 θ + 163 sin 2θ 
0
=
8
3
1
1 3π
4 16
− − − (−1) = 28 − 3π 6
 
35. The volume of the cylindrical portion of the tank is V c = π(4.2)2 19.3
 ≈ 1069.56m3 . We take
the equation of the ellipsoid to be
x2 x2
± 5.15
+ = 1 or z =
 (4.2)2 − x2 − y 2 .
(4.2)2 (5.15)2 4.2
The volume of the ellipsoid is
    2π 4.2
5.15
− x2 − y2 dxdy = 10.3
Ve = 2 (4.2)2
  [(4.2)2 − r2 ]1/2 rdrdθ
4.2 R 4.2 0 0
=
  − 
10.3 2π
1 2
[(4.2)2 − r2 ]3/2
 
4.2
dθ =
10.3 1
 2π
(4.2)3 dθ
4.2 0 2 3 0 4.2 3 0
2π 10.3
= (4.2)3 380.53. ≈
3 4.2
The volume of the tank is approximately 1069 .56 + 380.53 = 1450 .09m3 .
36. (a) With b > 2 we have
1 2π R
r
IdA = dr u = r + c, du = dr
2 (r + c)b
C 0 0
   R +c
u − c du = πa  R +c  r2 − b r1−b R +c

(u1−b − cu−b )du = πa
= πa
c ub c 2 − b − c1 − b 
c
c 2−b c2 b (R + c)2−b c(R + c)1−b
 − −  
= πa
b 2 b 1 − − −
πa
b 2 b 1
 − − − 
πa 1 c
=
(b 1)(b 2)cb−2
− πa −
(b 2)(R + c)b−2 (b 1)(R + c)b−1
− .
− − −
πa
(b) lim
 I (r)dA =
R→∞ C (b 1)(b 2)cb−2 − −
(c) Identifying a = 68.585, b = 2.351, and c = 0.248 in part b we find that the total number
of infections in the plane is approximately 741.25.
   2π R  R
37. (a) P = D(r)dA = D0 e−r/d rdrdθ = 2πD 0 re −r/d dr
C 0 0 0
R
= 2πD 0 ( dre−r/d
− − d2 er/d ) 0 = 2πdD 0 [d − (R + d)e−R/d]

(b) Using
   2π R  R
rD(r)dA = rD 0 e−r/d rdrdθ = 2πD 0 r2 e−r/d dr
C 0 0 0
 R
= 2πD 0 ( 2d3 e−r/d− − 2d2re−r/d − dr2 e−r/d ) 0
= 2πdD 0 2d2
 − (R2 + 2dR + 2d2 )e−R/d

we have
C rD(r)dA = 2d2 − d(R−2 (R

+ 2dR + 2d2 )e−R/d
  D(r)dA + d)e−R/d
C
(c) Letting R −→ ∞
in the result of parts (a) and (b) we find that the total population is
2πd 2 D0 and the average commute for the total population is 2 d2 /d = 2d.
38. In the first case, let the circle centered at ( D/2, 0) be described by the equation r = D cos θ
− ≤ ≤
for π/2 θ π/2 and assume that the snow is plowed to the srcin. Then
π/ 2 D cos θ π/ 2
D3
 rdA =
  r2 drdθ =
 (1 − sin2 θ)cos θdθ
R −π/2 0 3 0
π/ 2
2D 3 4D 3
=
 sin θ − 13 sin3 θ
 = .
3  0 9
In the second case, let the circle centered at the srcin be described by the equation r = D/2
≤ ≤
for 0 θ 2π, and assume the snow is plowed to the srcin. Then
2π D/2 D/2
2π πD 3
rdA = r2 drdθ = r3 = .
R 0 0 3 0 12
   
16 4D 3 /9
The ratio of these integrals is
πD 3 /12
=
3π
1.698, which means that plowing snow to one ≈
point on the perimeter is approximately 69.8% more costly than plowing to the center.
14.6 Surface Area

1. Letting z = 0, we have 2 x + 3y = 12. Using f (x, y) = z = y
1 3 1 3 29
3 − −x y we have fx = , fy = , 1+ fx2 +fy2 =
− . − 4
2 4 2 4 16
Then
y=4-2x/3
 6 4−2x/3  √29  6
2
A= 29/16dydx =
4
(4 − 3
x)dx
0 0 0
√29  6 √29 √ 6
− 13 x2 )
x
=
4
(4x =
4
(24 − 12) = 3 29.
0

14.6. SURFACE AREA 181
2. We see from the graph in Problem 1 that the plane is

entirely above the region bounded by r = sin2 θ in the
1 3 r=sin 2 θ
first octant. Using f (x, y) = z = 3
2
x
4
y we have − −
1 3 2 2 29
fx =
A=
2
−  −
, fy =
π/ 2 sin2 θ
4
, 1 + fx + f y =
29/16rdrdθ =
16
. Then
29 π/2 1 2
r
sin2 θ √
dθ
  1 polar
axis
0 0 4 0 2
0
√29 π/ 2
√29 1 1
π/ 2 √29π
2
= 8
 0 − sin 2θdθ =
0
8 (2θ
= 32 . 8 sin 4θ)
 
√
3. Using f (x, y) = z = 16 − x2 we see that for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 y
and 0 ≤ y ≤ 5, z.0. Thus, the surface is entirely above the

x 5
region. Now fx = − √ , fy = 0, 1 + fx2 + f y2 =
16 − x2
x 2 16
1+ = and x=2
16 − x2 16 − x2
5 2 5 2 5 
√164− x2 dxdy = 4 sin−1 x4 dy = 4 π6 dy = 10π
A=
  .

0 0 3
0 0 0
2 x
4. The region in the xy -plane beneath the surface is bounded

by the graph of x2 + y 2 = 2. Using f (x, y) = z = x 2 + y 2 r=2
we have f x = 2x, fy = 2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4( x2 + y 2 ).
Then,
2 polar
axis
2π √2 2π 1 √2
A=
   1 + 4r2 rdrdθ =
 (1 + 4r2 )3/2 dθ

0 0 0 12 0
2π
1 13π
=
 − (27 1)dθ = .
12 0 3
5. Letting z = 0 we have x2 + y 2 = 4. Using

f (x, y) = z = 4 (x2 + y 2 ) we have fx = 2x, fy =
− − r=2
2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4( x2 + y 2 ). Then
−
2π 2 2π 2

1
A=
  1 + 4r2 rdrdθ =
 (1 + 4r2 )3/2 dθ
2 polar
3 axis
0 0 0 0
2π
1
− 1)dθ = π6 (173/2 − 1).
=
 (173/2
12 0
6. The surfaces x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and z 2 = x2 + y 2 intersect

on the cylinder 2 x2 + 2y2 = 2 or x2 + y 2 = 1. There are r=1
portions of the sphere within the cone both above and be- −
low the xy-plane. Using f (x, y) = 2 x2 y 2 we have − 1 polar
x y
fx = − − , fy = , 1 + fx2 + fy2 =
− − axis
2 x2 y 2 − 2 x2 y 2 −
2
. Then
2 x2 y 2
− −
2π 1
2
√ √ 2π 1
A=2 rdrdθ = 2 2 2 r2 dθ
2
0 0 0 0
√
   √√ − 2π
2 r
√ √  − − 
=2 2 ( 2 − 1)dθ = 4π 2( 2 − 1).
0
7. Using f (x, y) = z = 25 x2 y2 we have

 − − y
x y 5
fx = −  , fy = , − 
25 x2 y2 − − 25 x2 y2 − −
25 x=25-y2/2
1 + fx2 + fy2 = . Then
25 x2 y 2 − −
5
√25−y /2 2
5
A=

0
 0 25 −√x2 − y2 dxdy 3 x
25−y /2 2
5 5
x π 25π
 
=5 sin−1 dy = 5
 dy = .
− 0 25 y2  0 6 6
0
8. In the first octant, the graph of z = x 2 y 2 intersects the xy-

plane in the line y = x. The surface is in the first octant for −
x > y. Using f (x, y) = z = x 2 y2 we have f x = 2x, fy = − r=2
−2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4 x2 + 4y2 . Then
π/ 4
2
 2 polar
2 π/ 4
1
A=
  1 + 4r2 rdrdθ =
 (1 + 4r2 )3/2 dθ axis
0 0 0 12 
0
π/ 4
1 π
=
 (173/2
− 1)dθ = (173/2 − 1).
12 0 48
9. There are portions of the sphere within the cylinder both

above and below the xy-plane. Using f (x, y) = z = r=a sin θ
− − x
a2 x2 y 2 we have fx = , fy = − 
1 2 x2 y 2 − −
y a 2
− , 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 2 . Then, using a polar
a 2 x2 y 2
− − a x2 y 2 − − axis
symmetry,
14.6. SURFACE AREA 183
      a sin θ
π/ 2 a sin θ π/ 2
a
A=2 2 √ rdrdθ = 4a − a2 − r2 dθ
0 0 a2 − r2 0  0
 −− π/ 2  − π/ 2
= 4a (a a 1 sin2 θ)dθ = 4a2 (1 cos θ)dθ
0 0
π/ 2 π
= 4a2 (θ
−  sin θ) 0
= 4a2 ( − 1) = 2a2 (π − 2).
2
10. There are portions of the cone within the cylinder both abov e and
1 r=2 cos θ
below the xy-plane. Using f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 , we have fx =
22
 x
, fy =
y
 5

, 1 + f x + f y2 = . Then, using 2 polar
2 x2 + y 2 2 x2 + y 2 4 axis
symmetry,
     2cos θ
π/ 2 2cos θ √ π/ 2
5 1 2
A= 2 2 rdrdθ = 2 5
 r dθ
0 0 4 0 2
√
=4 5
√ π/ 2
cos2 θdθ = 4 5
1 1
θ + sin 2θ
 π/ 2
0
=
√
5π.
0 2 4  0
11. There are portions of the surface in each octant with areas equal to the  y
area of the portion in the first octant. Using f (x, y) = z = a2 y2 − x=a2-y2

y a2
we have f x = 0, fy = , 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 2 . Then
y2
a2 y 2
a − − a x
a
√a −y
2 2
a
A=8
 dxdy
0 − 0 a2 y2
= 8a
  √ a
x
a2 y 2
− dy = 8a  a
dy = 8a2 .
− 0 a2 y2 0
0
12. From Example 1, the area of the portion of the hemisphere with x2 + y 2 = b2 is 2πa(a
√ − −
a2 b2 ). Thus, the area of the sphere is A = 2 lim 2πa(a a2 b2 ) = 2(2πa 2 ) = 4πa.
b→a
−√ −
13. The projec tion of the surf ace onto the xy-plane is shown √ − − z
r=a2-c12
in the gra ph. Using f (x, z) = y = a2 x2 z 2 we have
x z a2-c22
fx = −√ − − , fz = , 1 + fx2 + −√ − − r=
a 2 x2 z 2 a2 x2 z 2
a 2 x
fz2 = 2 . Then
a x2 z 2
− −
√a −c 2
√a −C 2 2
2π 2
2π  1
a
  1
 − a2 − r2 √
A=
0
√a −c √a2 − r2 rdrdθ = a
2 2
0 a2 −c22
dθ
2
 2π
=a (c2 − c1 )dθ = 2πa(c2 − c1 ).
0
14. The surface area of the cylinder x 2 + z 2 = a 2 from y = c 1 to y = c 2 is the area of a cylinder
−
of radius a and height c 2 c1 . This is 2 πa(c2 c1 ). −
15. The equations of the spheres are x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 and x 2 + y 2 + (z + a)2 = 1. Subtracting
these equations, we obtain(z a)2 z 2 = 1 a2 or 2az + a 2 = 1 a2 . Thus, the spheres
− − − − −
intersect on the plane z = a 1/2a. The region of integration is x 2 + y 2 + (a 1/2a)2 = a 2
− −
or r 2 = 1 1/4a2 . The area is
−
2π
√1−1/4a 2
√1−1/4a 2
A=a (a2 − r2 )−1/rrdrdθ = 2πa[−(a2 − r2 )1/2 ] 0

0 0
       1
1/2
     1
2 1/2
2
= 2πa a − − − a 1
4a2
= 2πa − − 
a a
2a
= π.
16. (a) Both stat es span 7 degrees of longitude and 4 degrees of latitude, but Color ado is larg er
because it lies to the south of Wyoming. Lines of longitude converge as they go north, so the
east-west dimensions of Wyoming are shorter than those of Colorado.
(b) We use the function f (x, y) = R2 x2 y2 to de-

 − −
scribe the northern hemisphere, where R 3960 miles ≈ φ2
is the radiu s of the Earth . We need to compute the
surface area over a polar rectangle P of the form φ1 R
≤ ≤ ≤ ≤
θ1 θ θ2 , R cos φ2 r R cos φ1 . We have
R
fx =
x− and f y =
y −
  θ1
R 2 x2 y 2
− − R 2 x2 y 2 − − θ2
x2 + y 2
so that 1 + f2 + f2 = 1+ =
x y R2 − x2 − y2
 
R
√R 2 − r 2 .
Thus
θ2 R cos φ1
√R2R− r2 rdrdθ
A=
  1 + fx2 + fy2 dA =
 
P θ1 R cos φ2
 R cos φ2

= (θ2 − θ1)R R2 − r2 R cos φ 1
= (θ2 − θ1 )R2 (sin φ2 − sin φ1 ).
The ratio of Wyoming to Colorado is then
−
sin45 ◦ sin41 ◦
≈
0.941. Thus Wyoming is about 6%
−
sin41 ◦ sin37 ◦
smaller than Colorado.
≈
(c) 97,914/104,247 0.939, which is close to the theoretical value of 0.941. (Our formula for the
area says that the area of Colorado is approximately 103,924 square miles, while the area of
Wyoming is approximately 97,801 square miles.
14.7. THE TRIPLE INTEGRAL 185
14.7 The Triple Integral

 1
4
  2 1  4 21 2
1. 2 −2 −1 (x + y + z)dxdydz = 2 −2 ( 2 x + xy + xz) dydz
−1
4 2 4 2
  2 4 4
= 4z 2
=
 2 −2 (2y + 2z)dydz =
 2 (y

+ 2yz) dz = 2 8zdz 2
= 48
−2
 3 x xy   3   x xy x
2. 24xydzdydx = 24xyz dydx = 13 (24x2 y2 − 48xy)dydx
1 1 2 1 1 2 1
3 x 3
(8x2 y3 24xy 2 ) dx = (8x5 24x3 − 8x2 + 24x)dx
=
 −    −
1 1 1
 − −  − 3
4 6 8 3 14 1552
= x 6x4 x + 12x2 = 522 =
3  3 1 3 3
6 6 −x 6−x−z 6 6−x 6  6−x

− 12 z 2 )
3.
  dydzdx =
 −−  − (6 x z)dzdx = (6z xz dx
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6
 − − − − −  6
1
− 6x + 12 x2 )dx
= 6(6 x) x(6 x) (6 x)2 dx =
 (18
0 2 0
 −  6
1
= 18x 3x2 + x3 = 36
6 0
√y
 1 1 −x √y     1 1−x 1 1−x
4. 0 4x2 z 3 dzdydx = x2 z 4 dydx = x2 y 2 dydx
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1−x 1 1
1 1 1
= x2 y 3 dx = x2 (1 x)3 dx = (x2 3x3 + 3x4 x5 )dx
0 0 0 0
   − 3 3 1 3
 − −
1 1 3 3 4 3 5 1 6 1
=− − 3  3
x
4
x + x
5 6
x =
180
0
 y2
π/ 2 y2 y π/ 2 y2 π/ 2
x x x
5.
   cos dzdxdy =
   y cos dxdy = y 2 sin dy
0 0 0 y 0 0 y 0 y  0
 π/ 2
= y 2 sin ydy Integration by parts
0
π/ 2
= ( y 2 cos y + 2 cos y + 2y sin y)
− 
0
=π −2
√ 2 √ √  2
2 2 ex 2 2 2
1 x
6.
   xdzdxdy =
  x 2
 2
(e4 − ey )dy
0
√y 0 0
√y xe dxdy = 0 2
e
√y 
√
 2 √ √ √
1 4 1 4
− e 2 ) − (−1)] = 12 (1 + e4 2 − e 2 )
√
= (ye − ey ) = [(e 2
2 0 2

 1 1 2−x2 −y2  1 1 2−x2 y2

  1 1
2 2
7. xyez dzdxdy = xyez dxdy = (xye 2−x −y − xy)dxdy
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 − 1   − 1 1 
1 2−x −y
=
2
ye
2 2
− 12 x2 y dy =
1 1−y
2
ye
2
− 12 y + 12 ye2−y 2
dy
=
 0
1 1−y
e
2
− 14 y2 − 14 e2−y 2
   − −
1
0
=
1
0
1 1
e) − ( 14 e − 14 e2
 =
1 2
e − 12 e
4  0 4 4 4 4
1 y x2
4 1/2 x2 4 1/2 4 1/2
8. 0 0 0 dydxdz = 0 0 sin−1 dxdz = 0 0 sin−1 xdxdz Integration by parts
x2 y2 x 0
     −√      √   
4 1/2 4 1π 3 π √
= 0 −  x sin−1 x + − 1 x2 dz = 0 + 1 dz = + 2 3 − 4
0 26 2 3
     5 3 y +2 5 3
9. zdV = zdxdydz = 2xdydz z
D 0 1 y 0 1 5
   5 3 5
5
4zdz = 2z 2
 = 2yz dz = 0
= 50
0 1 0
3
y
x=y
3
x=y+2
10. Using symmetry, z

  2 4 4−y
4
(x2 + y 2 )dV = 2 (x2 + y 2 )dzdydx
D 0 x2 0
2 4 4−y
= 2 (x2 + y 2 )z dydx
 
0 x2
0
2 4 y
 − 2 4 y=x2
=2 (4x2 x2 y + 4y2 − y3 )dydx x
0 x2
2 4

1 2 2 4 3
− 14 y4 )
= 2
 − (4x2 y x y + y dx
0 2 3 x2
 2
8 64
= 2( x3 + x
3 3
− 45 x5 − 425 x7 + 361 x9 ) =
23, 552
315
.
0
11. The other five int egrals are z
4 2−x/2 4
   4 z (z −x)/2
x+2y f (x,y,z )dzdydx,
0 0 0 0 0 f (x,y,z )dydxdz,
4
4 4 (z −x)/2
     4 z/ 2 z −2y
0 x 0 f (x,y,z )dydzdx, 0 0 0 f (x,y,z )dxdydz, z=2y
2 4 z −2y
0 2y 0 f (x,y,z )dxdzdy.
z=x
2 y
x+2y=4
4
x
12. The other five int egrals are

 √ 
3
0 0
36−4y 2 /3
√
3
1 f (x,y,z )dzdxdy,
z
3 2
  √ 36−9x2 /2 3
1 0 0 f (x,y,z )dydxdz,
3 3
  √ 36−4y 2 /3
1 0 0 f (x,y,z )dxdydz,
3
 3 36−4y 2 /3 y=36-9x2 /2
0 1 0√ f (x,y,z )dxdzdy,
3 y
2
 3 36−9x /2 2
0 1 0 f (x,y,z )dydzdx. 2
x=36-4y2 /3
2 8 4 8 4 y 1 /3
13. (a) V = 0 x3 0 dzdydx (b) V = 0 0 0 dxdz x
4 2 8 dydxdz
(c) V =
 0 0 x2

(a) V = 0
 √ 
14. Solving z =
3 1 2−z
0 √z2
x and x + z = 2, we obtain x = 1, z = 1.
1 2 −z 3
dxdzdy (b) V = 0 z2 0 dydxdz
 
 3 1 x 3 2 2−x 
(c)V = 0 0 0 dzdxdy + 0 1 0 dzdxdy
15. z 16. z
5
3
x=2-2z/3
4 y
2
3 y
x
3 x= 9-y 2
The region in the first octant is

shown.
17. z 18. z
6
y=-1-x2 2
y
2 y=1-x2
x 2 y
2
y=4-x2
x
19. z 20. z
1
2
2 y
1 x
21. Solving x = y 2 and 4 − x = y 2 , we obtain x = 2, y= ±√2. 5

z
Using symmetry,
√ √
  3 2 4 −y 2  3 2
V =2 dxdydz = 2 (4 − 2y2 )dydz
0 0 y 2
0 0
√
=2
  −  3
4y
2 3
y
2
dz = 2
 √ 3
8 2
dz = 16 2.
√ x=y2 4 y

0 3 0 0 3 x=4-y2
5
x
√ √ x+y
  2 4−x2 x+y  2 4−x2 z
22. V = dzdydx = z  dydx

0 0 0 0 0
0 2
√ √
2 4−x2  2  4−x2
1
=
 (x + y)dydx = xy + y2 dx
0 0 0 2  0 2 y
2 2
1 1
= x 4 − x2 + (4 x2 ) dx =
2
− − 3
(4 − x2 )3/2 + 2x − 16 x3 2 y=4-x2
0 0 x
= 4
 −  − − 
4 8
=
16
  
3 3 3
z
23. Adding the two equations, we obtai n 2 y = 8. Thus, the
paraboloids intersect in the plane y = 4. Their intersection
is a circle of radius
√ 2. Using symmetry, z= 4-x 2
 2 4−x2  8−x2 −z 2 2 y
V =4 dydzdx x
0 0 x2 +z 2
√ √
2 4−x2  2  4−x2
− x2 )z − 23 z3
=4
 (8 − 2x2 − 2x2 )dzdx = 4 2(4 dx
0
2
0 0
 0
4
=4
 (4 − x2 )3/2 dx Trig substitution
0 3
 2
16 − x − x
= (2x2 − 20) 4 x2 + 6 sin −1 = 16π.
3 8 2 0
24. Solving x = 2, y = x, and z = x2 + y2 , we obtain the point z
(2,2,8). (2,2,8)
 2 x x2 +y 2  2 x
V = dzdydx = (x2 + y 2 )dydx
0 0 0 0 0
2
 x 2  2
1 4 3 1 16
=
 (x y + y3 )
2
dx =
 x dx = x4 = .
0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 2
2 y
x y=x
25. We are given ρ(x,y,z ) = kz.
 8 4 y 1 /3     8 4 y 1 /3 8 4
m= kzdxdzdy = k xz dzdy = k y 1/3 zdzdy
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 4
 8   8
1 1/3 2 3 4/3
= k
 y z dy = 8k
 y 1/3 dy = 8k y = 96k
2 4
Mxy =
 0
8
0
4 y 1 /3
kz 2 dxdzdy = k
0
      8 4
xz 2
y 1 /3
0
dzdy = k
8 4
y 1/3 z 2 dzdy
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 4
   8 8
1 1/3 3 64 64 3 4/3
=k
 y z dy = k
 y1/3 dy = k y = 256k
0 3 0 3   
0 3 4 0
 8 4 y 1 /3    8 4 y 1 /3 8 4
Mxz = kyzdxdzdy = k xyz dzdy = i y 4/3 zdzdy
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 4 8
  8
1 4/3 2 3 7/3 3072
= k
 y z dy = 8k
 y 4/3 dy = 8k y = k
2 7 7
Myz =
 8
0
4
0
y 1 /3
kxzdxdzdy = k
   
0
8 4
1 2
x z
y 1 /3
dzdy =
0
1
k
8 4
y2/3 zdzdy
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0
1 1 2/3 2 4 8 8 3 5/3 8 384

=
 k y z dy = 4k y2/3 dy = 4k y
 = k
  
20 2 0 0 5 0 5 
384k/5 3072k/7 256k
x = Myz /m = = 4/5; y = M xz /m = = 32/7; z = M xy /m = = 8/3
96k 96k 96k
The center of mass is (4 /5, 32/7, 8/3).
26. We use the form of the integ ral in Problem 14( b) of this section. Without loss of generality,
we take ρ = 1.
  1 2−z 3  1 2−z  1
m= dydxdz = 3dxdz = 3 (2 − z − z2 )dz
0 z2 0 0 z2 0
 1
1 2 1 3 7
= 3(2 z − −  2
z
3
z ) =
2
0
  1 2−z 3 1 2−z 3
   1 2−z
Mxy = zdydxdz = yz   dxdz = 3zdxdz
0 z 2
0 0 z 2
0 0 z 2
  1 2−z 1 1
1 3
− 14 z4 5
=3
 − − xz dz = 3 (2z z2 z 3 )dz = 3 z 2
− z =
0 z2 0 3 0 4
 
1 2−z 3  1 2−z 3 1 2−z

1 2 9
Mxz =
  ydydxdz =
  y dxdz = dxdz
0 z2 0 0 z2 2 0 2 0 z2
1  1
9 9 1 2 1 3 21
=
 −− (2 z z 2 )dz = − − 
(2z z z ) =
2 0 2 2 3 0 4
  1 2−z 3      1 2−z 3 1 2−z
Myz = xdydxdz = xy dxdz = 3xdxdz
0 z 2
0 0 z 2
0 0 z 2
  1 2−z 1  1
1 2 3 3 1
− 15 z 5 ) 16
=3 x dz =
 − − (4 − 4z + z 2 z 4 )dz = (4z 2z 2 + z 3 =
0 2 z2 2 0 2 3 0 5
x = M yz /m = 16/5 = 32/35, y = Mxz /m = 21/4 = 3/2, z = M xy /m = 5/4 = 5/14.
 7/2 7/2 7/2

The centroid is (32 /35, 3/2, 5/14).
z
27. The density is ρ(x,y,z ) = ky. Since both the region and
2
the density function are symmetric with respect to the xy - z=4-x 2
and yz-planes, x = z = 0. Using symmetry, √ 2 3 y

√ 4−k 2
 3 2 4−x 2    3 2 x
m= 4 kydzdxdy = 4k yz dxdy
0 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 3  2
x x
= 4k
  − y 4 x2 dxdy = 4k
 − y 4 x2 + 2 sin −1 dy
0 0 0 2 2 0
 3  3
1 2
= 4k
 πydy = 4πk y = 18πk
0 2  0
√ √
 3 2 4−x2   3 2 4−x2  3  − 2
Mxz = 4 ky 2 dzdxdy = 4k y2z dxdy = 4k y2 4 x2 dxdy
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 3 3
y2 x 2 −1 2 13 y3
= 4k
0
 −
2 4 x + 2 sin x2 0 dy = 4k 0 πy dy = 4πk
    0
= 36πk.
36πk
y = M xz /m = = 2. The center of mass is (0,2,0).
18πk
28. The density is ρ(x,y,z ) = kz. z
1 x y +2    1 x y +2
1 2
m=
 kzdzdydx = k z dydx 2
0 x2 0 0 x2 2 0
1 x
1
=

k (y + 2) 2 dydx
2 0 x2
x y
1  y=x
1 1
=
k (y + 2)3 dx 1
2 3 y=x2
0 x2
1 1 x
1
− (x2 + 2)3 ]dx = 16 k
=
k [(x + 2)3
 [(x + 2)3 − (x6 + 6x4 + 12x2 + 8)]dx
6 0 0
  1
1 1 1 7 6 5 407
= k (x + 2)4 − x − x − 4x − 8x 3
= k
6 4 7 5 0 840

1 x y+2 1 x  y +2 1 x
1 3 1
Mxy =
 kz 2 dzdydx = k
 z dydx = k
 (y + 2) 3 dydx
0 x2 0 0 x2 3 0 3 0 x2
1  x 1
1 1 1
=
k (y + 2)4 dx =

k [(x + 2)4 − (x2 + 2)4 ]dx
3 0 4 x2 12 0
1
1
=
k [(x + 2)4 − (x8 + 8x6 + 24x4 + 32x2 + 16)]dx
12 0
  1
1 1
= k (x + 2)5
12 5
− 19 x9 − 87 x7 − 245 − 323 x3 − 16x =
1493
1890
k
0
1 x y +2 1 x y+2 1 x
1 yz 2 dydx = 1 k y(y + 2) 2 dydx
Mxz =
 kyzdzdydx = k
      2 2
0 x2 0 0 x2 0 0 x2
1 x   1 x
1 1 1 4 4 3
=

k (y 3 + 4y 2 + 4y)dydx = k y + y + 2y 2 dx
2 0 x2 2 0 4 3 x2
 − 1 
1 1 8
=
2
k
4
x − 43 x6 − 74x4 + 43 x3 + 2x2 dx
0
−  1
1 1 9
=
2
k
36
x − 214 x7 − 207 x5 + 13 x4 + 23 x3 =
68
315
k
Myz =
 1 x y+2
kxzdzdydx = k
   1  x
1 2
xz
0
y+2
dydx =
1
k
1 x
x(y + 2) 2 dydx
0 x2 0 0 x2 2 0 2 0 x2
1  x 1
1 1 1
=
k x(y + 2) 3 dx = k
 − [x(x + 2)3 x(x2 + 2)3 ]dx
2 0 3 x2 6 0
1
1
= k
 [x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 + 8x − x(x2 + 2)3 ]dx
6 0
1
1 3 1 1 2 21
= kx5 + x4 + 4x3 + 4x2 (x + 2) = k
6 5 2 8 0 80 −

21k/80 68k/315

x = Myz /m = = 441/814, y = M xz /m = = 544/1221,
407k/840 407k/840
1493k/1890
z = M xy /m = = 5972 /3663. The center of mass is (441/814,544/1221,5972/3663).
407k/840
√
  1 1−x2  8−y
29. m = √ (x + y + 4)dzdydx z
−1 − 1−x2 2+2y
y=-1-x2
1 y
y=1-x2
x
30. Both the region and the density function are symmetric with respect z
to the xy - and√ yz-planes. Thus, √1+z −y 2

  2 1+z 2  2 2
y=1+x2
m= 4 z 2 dxdydz.
2
−1 0 0
2
y
x
31. We are given ρ(x,y,z ) = kz .
1 /3
8 4 y 1 /3
8 4  y
1
Iy =
 kz(x2 + z 2 )dxdzdy = k
 ( x3 z + xz 3 ) dzdy
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
8 4 8 4
=k
 1
yz + y 1/3 z 3 dzdy = k
  1 2 1 1/3 4
yz + y z
 dy
0 0 3 0 6 4  0
 8    8
8 4 2 2560
=k y + 64y 1/3 dy = k y + 48y4/3 = k
0 3 3  0 3
 2560k/3 4 5
√
From Problem 25, m = 96k. Thus, R g = Iy /m = = .
96k 3
32. We are given ρ(x,y,z ) = k.
1 2−z 3   1 2−z  3 1 2−z
1 3
Ix =
  k(y 2 + z 2 )dydxdz = k y + yz 2 dxdz = k
 (9 + 3z 2 )dxdz
0 z2 0 0 z2 3  0 0 z2
  1 2−z  1
=k (9x + 3xz 2 ) dz = k (18 − 9z − 3z 2 − 3z3 − 3z4 )dz
0 z2 0
 − − − 1

9 2 3 4
= k 18z
2
z z3
4
z − 35 z 5  =
223
20
k
0
1 2 −z 3 1 2−z 1
m= kdydxdz = k 3dxdz = 3k (2 − z − z2 )dz
0 z2 0 0 z2 0
1 2 1 3 1 7
  −  −   
= 3k 2z z z = k

 2 3 0 2
  Ix 223k/20 223
Rg = = =
m 7k/2 70
  1 1−x 1−x−y
33. Iz = k (x2 + y 2 )dzdydx z
0 0 0
1
 1 1−x
=k − − (x2 + y 2 )(1 x y)dydx
0 0
 − − −1 1−x 1 y
=k (x2 X3 x2 y + y 2 xy 2 − y3 )dydx 1 y=1-x
0 0 x
 − − 1  1−x
1 2 2 1
=k (x2
− x3 )y
2
x y + (1
3
x)y 3 − 14 y4 dx
=k
 − 0
1
1
[ x2− 1 1
x + x4 + (1
3 1
x) ]dx = k x6
4
 − 0
1 4 1
x + x5 − 601 (1 − x)5
 1
=
k
0 2 2 12 6 4 10 0 30

14.8. TRIPLE INTEGRALS IN OTHER COORDINATE SYSTEMS 193
34. We are given ρ(x,y,z ) = kx. z
 1 2 4−z  1 2 4 −z
 y=z
Iy = kx(x2 + z 2 )dydxdz = k (x3 + xz 2 )y dxdz 1 y=4-z
0 0 z 0 0 z 4
2 y
 1 2 x
3 2
=k (x + xz )(4 − 2z)dxdz
0 0
1  2
1 1
=k
 ( x4 + x2 z 2 )(4 − 2z) dz
0 4 2 0
1 1
=k (4 + 2z 2 )(4 2z)dz = 4k (4 2z + 2z 2 z 3 )dz
0 − 0 − −
   1
= 4k 4z − z2 + 23 z3 − 14 z 4  =
41
3
k
0
35. We are given ρ(x,y,z ) = k x2 + y 2 + z 2 . Both the region

 z
and the integrand are symmetric with respect to the yz- 5
and xz -planes.
√
 5 25−x2  5 
Iz = 4 √ x +y k(x2 + y 2 ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 dzdydx
0 0 2 2
5 y
5
x
y=25-x2
36. We are given ρ(x,y,z ) = kz . Both the region and the inte- z
grand are symmetric with

√ respect to the xz- and xy-planes.
√ 1 y=1-x2
  1 1−x2  1−z 2
Iy = 4 kx(x2 + z 2 )dydzdx z=1-x 2
−1 0 0 1 y
14.8 Triple Integrals in Other Coordinate Systems

1. x = 10 cos 3π/4 = −5√2; y = 10 sin 3π/4 = 5√2; (−5√2, 5√2, 5)
√ √
2. x = 2co s 5π/6 = − 3; y = 2si n 5π/6 = 1; ( − 3, 1, −3)
√ √ √ √
3. x = 3cos π/3 = 3/2; y = 3sin π/3 = 3/2; ( 3/2, 3/2, −4)
√ √ √ √
4. x = 4co s 7π/4 = 2 2; y = 4si n 7π/4 = −2 2; (2 2, −2 2, 0)
5. x = 5cos π/2 = 0; y = 5sin π/2 = 5; (0 , 5, 1)
6. x = 10 cos 5π/3 = 5; y = 10 sin 5π/3 = −5√3; −√

(5, 5 3, 2)
7. With x = 1 and y = −1 we have r 2 = 2 and tan θ = −1. The point is ( √2, −π/4, −9)
√ √
8. With x = 2 3 and y = 2 we have r 2 = 16 and tan θ = 1/ 3. The point is (4 , π/6, 17).
√ √ √ √
9. With x = − 2 and y = 6 we have r 2 = 8 and tan θ = − 3. The point is (2 2, 2π/3, 2).
√
10. With x = 1 and y = 2 we have r 2 = 5 and tan θ = 2. The point is ( 5, tan−1 2, 7).
−4 we have r 2 = 16 and tan θ undefined. The point is (4 , −π/2, 0).
11. With x = 0 and y =
√ √ √
12. With x = 7 and y = − 7 we have r 2 = 14 and tan θ = −1. The point is ( 14, −π/4, 3).
13. r2 + z 2 = 25
14. r cos θ + r sin θ −z= 1
15. r2 − z2 =1
16. r2 cos2 θ + z 2 = 16
17. z = x2 + y 2
18. z = 2y
19. r cos θ = 5, z = 5
√
20. tan θ = 1/ 3, y/z = 1/ 3, z =
√ √3y, x> 0
21. The equations are
√ r2 = 4, r+ z 2 = 16, and z = 0. z
  2π 2 16−r2    − 2π 2
z=16-r2
V = rdzdrdθ = r 16 r2 drθ 4
0 0 0 0 0
2π 2 2π
=  0 −3
1
(16
−
r )2 3/2
  − √
0
dθ =
0
(64 24 3)dθ =
2π
3
(64
−
√
24 3)
2 y
2 r=2
r2 .
V =
  −  
22. The equation is z = 10
2π 3 10−r 2
rdzdrdθ =
2π 3
r(9 2
− r )drdθ
10
z
0 0 1 0 0 z=10-r2
2π
  −   3 2π
9 2 1 4 81 81π
= r r dθ = dθ = .
0
 2 4 0 0 4 2
3 y
3 r=3
x
23. The equations are z = r 2 , r = 5, and z = 0. z
2π 5 r2 2π 5 2π 5

1 4
V =
  rdzdrdθ =
  r3 drdθ =
 r dθ
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
2
2π z=r
625 625π
=
 dθ =
0 4 2
5 y
r=5
5
x
24. Substituting the first equation into the second, we see z
that the surfaces intersect in the plane y = 4. Using polar 2 y=r2
coordinates in the xz-plane, the equations of the surfaces

become y = r 2 and y = 21 r2 + 2. 4
2
y
2π 2 r /2+2 2π 2
r2 2
V =
  rdydrdθ = r + 2 r2 drdθ
   − x
2 y=r2/2+2
0 0 r 0
2
0
 2π 2    −   2π 2 2π
= − 12 r3 drdθ = 2r r2
1 4
8
r dθ =  2dθ = 4π
0 0 0 0 0
√
25. The equation is z = a2 − r2 . By symmetry, x = y = 0. z
√
 2π a a2 − r 2    − 2π a
a
m= rdzdrdθ = r a2 r2 drdθ z=a2-r2
0 0 0 0 0
2π a
 2π
1 2 1 3 2
=
 − − (a r2 )3/2 dθ =
 a dθ = πa 3 a a y
0 3 
0 3 0 3 √ x
√ a −r 2 2
2π a a2 − r 2 2π
   a
1 2
Mxy =
  zrdzdrdθ = rz drdθ
0 0 0 0 0 2 0
2π a
=1
  r(a2 − r2 )drdθ

2 0 0
2π a
1 2π 1 4
=
  11 2 2 1 4
a r r dθ =
1
a dθ = πa 4
−
 
0 22 4 0 2 0 4 4 
πa 4 /4
z = M xy /m = = 3a/8. The centroid is (0 , 0, 3a/8).
2πa 3 /3
z
26. We use polar coordinates in the yz-plane. The density is
ρ(x,y,z ) = kz. By symmetry, y = z = 0. r=
2π 4 5 2π 4  5
1 2
m=
  kxrdxdrdθ = k
  rz drdθ y
0 0 0 0 0 2 0
2π 4 2π 4

k 25k 1 2
=
  25rdrdθ =
 r dθ x
2 0 0 2 0 2 0
2π
25k
=
 8dθ = 200kπ
2 0
2π 4 5 2π 4  5 2π 4
1 3 1
Myz =
  kx2 rdxdrdθ = k
  rx drdθ = k
  125rdrdθ
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0
  2π 4 2π
1 125 2 1 2000
= k r dθ = k 1000dθ = kπ

3 2 0 0 3 0 3
2000kπ/3
x = M yz /m = = 10/3, The center of mass of the given solid is (10 /3, 0, 0).
200kπ
√ − r2 and the density is
27. The equation is z = 9 √ ρ = k /r2 . z
2
When x = 2, r = 5. 3 z= 9-r
2π √5 √9−r
Iz =
   2
r2 (k/r 2 )rdzdrdθ(k/r 2 )
0 0 2
√ √
   9 −r 2
2π 5 3
y
=k rz drdθ
0 0
=k
    −
2π
√
5
r
2
9 r2 − 2r
 drdθ
3
0 0
√
 − − 2π  5
1
=k (9 r2 )3/2 − r2 dθ
0 3  0
2π
4 8
=k
 dθ = πk
0 3 3
28. The equation is z = r and the density is ρ = kr. z

  2π 1 1
Ix = (y 2 + z 2 )(kr)rdzdrdθ
0 0 r
1
2π 1 1 z=r
4 2 2 2
=k (r sin θ + r z )dzdrdθ
 0 0 r
  2π 1  1 1 1
1 y
=k (r 4 sin2 θ)z + r2 z 3 drdθ
0 0 3  r
x
  2π 1 
1 1 4
=k r 4 sin2 θ + r2 r 5 sin2 θ r drdθ − −
0 0 3 3
  2π 1 
1 5 2 1 3 1 6 2 1 6
=k
5
r sin θ + r
9 6
r sin θ
18
r dθ− − 
0 0
  2π 
1 1
=k sin 2 θ + dθ
0 30 18
 − 2π

1 1 1 13
=k θ sin 2θ + θ = πk
60 120 18 
0 90
29. (a) x = (2/3) sin(π/2) sin(π/2)cos( π/6) =

√3/3; y = (2/3)sin( π/2) sin(π/6) = 1/3;
(b) With x =
√3/3 and y = 1/3 we have r 2 = 4/9 and tan θ =
√3/3. The point is
(2/3, π/6, 0).
√
30. (a) x = 5 sin(5π/4) cos(2π/3) = 5 2/4; y = 5 sin(5ı/4) sin(2π/3) = −5√6/4;
√ √ −√
√ −√ −√
z = 5 cos(5π/4) = 5 2/2; (5 2/4, 5 6/4, 5 2/2)
√
(b) With x = 5 2/4√and y = −5√ 6/4 we have r 2 = 25/2 and tan θ = − 3.
The point is (5 / 2, 2π/3, −5 2/2).
√
31. √ cos(3π/4) = −4; y = 8 sin(π/4) sin(3π/4) = 4; z = 8 cos(π/4) = 4 2;
(a) x = 8 sin(π/4)
(−4, 4, 4 2)
√ √
(b) With x = −4 and y = 4 we have r 2 = 32 and tan θ = −1. The point is (4 2, 3π/4, 4 2).
32. (a) x = (1/3) sin(5π/3) cos(π/6) = 1/4; y = (1/3) sin(5π/3) sin(π/6) =

√ 3/12;
z = (1/3) cos(5π/3) = 1/6; √(−1/4,
− −√3/12, 1/6) √ −
(b) With x = −1/4 and √ y = − 3/12 we have r 2 = 1/12 and tan θ = 3/3.
The point is (1 /2 3, π/6, 1/6).
33. (a) x =
√
= 2 2; y = 4 sin(3π/4)sin0 = 0; z = 4 cos(3π/4) = −2 2;
√
√ 4 sin(3π/4)cos0
√
(2 2, 0, −2 2)
√ √ √
(b) With x = 2 2 and y = 0 we have r 2 = 8 and tan θ = 0. The point is (2 2, 0, −2 2).
34. (a) x = 1 sin(11π/6)cos

√
π = 1/2; y = 1 sin(11π/6)sin π = 0; z = 1 cos(11π/6) = 3/2;
√
(1/2, 0, ( 3/2)
√
(b) With x = 1/2 and y = 0 we have r 2 = 1/4 and tan θ = 0. The point is (1 /2, 0 3/2).
35. With x = 5, y =
√ − −5, and z = 0, we have ρ 2 = 50, tan θ = 1, and cos φ = 0. The point is
(5 2, π/2, 5π/4).
√ √ √
36. With z = 1, y√= − 3, and √ z = 1, we have ρ 2 = 5, tan θ = − 3, and cos φ = 1/ 5.
The point is ( 5, cos−1 1/ 5, −π/3).
√ √
37. With x = 3/2, y = 1/2, and z = 1, we have ρ 2 = 2, tan θ = 1/ 3, and cos φ = 1/ 2.
√
The point is ( √2, π/4, π/6).
√
38. With x = − 3/2, y = 0, and z = −1/2, we have ρ 2 = 1, tan θ = 0, and cos φ = −1/2.
The point is (1 , 2π/3, 0).
√
39. With x = 3, y = −3, and z = 3 2, we have ρ 2 = 36, tan θ = −1, and cos φ = − 2/2.
√
The point is (6 , π/4, −π/4)
40. With x = 1, y √
√ √
= 1, and z = − 6, we have ρ 2 = 8, tan θ = 1, and cos φ = − 3/2
The point is (2 2, 5π/6, π/4).
41. ρ = 8
42. ρ2 = 4ρ cos φ; ρ = 4 cos φ
43. 4 z 2 = 3x2 + 3y 2 + 3z 2 ; 4ρ2 cos2 φ = 3ρ2 ; cos φ = ±√3/2; φ = π/6, 5π/6
44. x2
− − y−z2 = 1 − 2z 2 ; − ρ2 =1 − 2ρ2 cos2 φ; ρ2 (2cos 2 φ − 1) = 1
45. x2 + y2 + z2 = 100
46. cos φ = 1/2; ρ2 cos2 φ = ρ 2 /4; 4z 2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ; z 2 + y 2 = 3z 2
47. ρ cos φ = 2; z = 2
48. ρ(1 − cos2 φ) = cos φ; ρ2 − ρ2 cos2 φ = ρ cos φ; x2 + y 2 + z 2 − z2 = z; z = x2 + y 2

z
49. The equations are φ = π/4 and ρ = 3.
 3 ρ=3
2π π/ 4 3 2π π/ 4 3
1 3
V =
   ρ2 sin φdrhodφdθ =
  ρ sin φ dφdθ
0 0 0 0 0 3
0
π/ 4
2π π/ 4 2π
=
   9sin φdφdθ = −9cos φ
 dθ

0 0 0 2
0 2
y
= −
 √ − 
9
2π
2
1
√
dθ = 9π(2 − 2)
x
0 2
50. The equations are ρ = 2, θ = π/4, and θ = π/3. z

 2
π/ 3 π/ 2 2 π/ 3 π/ 2
1 3
   2
ρ sin φdρdφdθ =
  ρ sin φ dφdθ 2
ρ=2
π/ 4 0 0 π/ 4 0 3  0
π/ 3 π/ 2
8
=
  sin φdφdθ
π/ 4 0 3 2
y
2
 π/ 2
π/ 3
8
=
 − cos φ dθ
x
3 π/ 4  0
π/ 3
8 2π
=
 (0 + 1)dθ =
3 π/ 4 9
51. Using Problem 43, the equations are φ = π/6, θ = π/2, z

and ρ cos φ = 2. ρ=2secφ
  π/ 2 π/ 6 2 sec φ
2
V = ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ
0 0 0
 2sec φ
π/ 2 π/ 6
1 2
=
0 0 3  0
π/ 2 π/ 6 π/ 2 π/ 6 1
8 8
=
  sec3 φ sin φdφdθ =
  sec2 φ tan φdφdθ 1 y
3 0 0 3 0 0 x
 π/ 6
π/ 2 π/ 2
8 1 4 1 2
=
 tan 2 φ dθ =
 dθ = π
3  0 2 3 0 3 9
0
z
52. The equations are ρ = 1 and φ = π/4. We find the volume
above the xy-plane and double. 1
ρ=1
1
2π π/ 2 1 2π π/ 2
1 3
V =2
   ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ = 2
  ρ sin φ dφdθ 1 y
0 π/ 4 0 0 π/ 4 3  1
2
  2π π/ 2
2
 −  2π π/ 2
2
 2π
√ 2
x
= sin φdφdθ = cos φ = dθ

3 0 π/ 4 3 0 π/ 4 3 0 2
2π 2
√
= 3

z
53. By symmetry, x = y = 0. The equations are φ = π /4 and
ρ = 2cos φ. 2
 2 cos φ
2π π/ 4 2cos φ 2π π/ 4 ρ=2cosφ
1 3
m=
   ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ =
0 0 0 0 0 3
0
2π π/ 4 2π
 −  π/ 4
8 8 1
=
  sin φ cos φdφdθ = 3
cos4 φ dθ 1
3 0 0 3 0
 4 0
1 y
  − 2π x
2 1
= − 3 4
1 dθ = π
0
   2π π/ 4 2 cos φ    2π π/ 4 2cos φ
Mxy = zρ 2 sin φdρdφdθ ρ3 sin φ cos φdρdφdθ
0 0 0 0 0 0
 2cos φ
2π π/ 4 2π π/ 4
1 4
=
  ρ sin φ cos φ
 
dφdθ = 4 cos5 φ sin φdφdθ
0 0 4 0 0
0
2π π/ 4 2π
16 cos6 φ
=4
 − 
0 0
= 23
0
18 1 dθ = 76 π −   −
7π/6
z = M xy /m = = 7/6. The centroid is (0 , 0, 7/6).
π
z
54. We are given densit y= kz. By symmetry, x = y = 0. The

1
equation is ρ = 1. ρ=1
   2π π/ 2 1    2π π/ 2 1
m= kzρ 2 sin φdρdφdθ = k ρ3 sin φ cos φdρdφdθ 1 y
0 0 0 0 0 0
 1 1
2π π/ 2
1 4
=k
  ρ sin φ cos φ dφdθ x
0 0 4  0
2π π/ 2
1
=
 
k sin φ cos φdφdθ
4 0 0
 2π π/ 2 2π
1 1 1 kπ
=

k sin 2 φ dθ = k
 dθ =
4 0 2 0 8 0 4

   2π π/ 2 1 2π
   π/ 2 1
Mxy = kz 2 ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ = k ρ3 cos2 φ sin φdρdφdθ
0 0 0 0 0 0
1

2π π/ 2 2π π/ 2
1 5 1
=k
  ρ cos2 φ sin φ dφdθ = k
  cos2 φ sin φdφdθ
0 0 5 5  0 0
0
 −  2π 2π π/ 2
1 1 1 2
= k cos3 φ = k (0 1)dθ = kπ −
 −
0 5 3  0 15 0 15
2kπ/15
z = Mxy /m = = 8/15. The center of mass is (0 , 0, 8/15).
kπ/4
55. We are given density= k/ρ. z

ρ=5
2π cos− 4/5 5 1
k 2 5
m=
   ρ sin φdρdφdθ
0 0 4sec φ ρ
5
cos−1 4/5
  2π
1 2
 ρ=4sec φ
=k ρ sin φ dφdθ
0 0 2  4sec φ 3 y
2π cos−1 4/5
1
= k
  (25sin φ − 16 tan φ sec φ)dφdθ
2 0 0
3
2π  cos−1 4/5 x
1
k
 − − ( 25 cos φ 16sec φ) dθ
2 0 0
2π
1
= k
 − − [ 25(4/5) 16(5/4) − (−25 − 16)]dθ
2 0
2π
1
= k
 dθ = kπ
2 0
2π π a
z
2 2 2
56. Iz = (x + y )(kρ)ρ sin φdρdφdθ
  
0 0 0 a
2π π a ρ=a
=k sin2 π cos2 θ + ρ2 sin2 φ sin2 θ)ρ3 sin φdρdφdθ

0 0 0
2π π a 2π π a

1 6 3
=k
  ρ5 sin3 φdρdφdθ = k
a y
0 0 0 0 0 6 0
 a
2π π 2π π
1 1 3
= ka 6
  sin3 φdφdθ = ka
  (1 − cos2 φ)sin φdφdθ x
6 0 0 6 0 0
 − 2π  π 2π
1 1 1 3 4 4π 6
= ka 3 cos φ + cos3 φ dθ = ka
 dθ = ka
6 0 3  0 6 0 3 9
14.9 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

1. T : (0, 0) −→ (0, 0); (0, 2) −→ (−2, 8); (4, 0) −→ (16, 20); (4, 2) −→ (14, 28)
2. Writing x2 = v u and y = v + u and solving for u and v, we obtain u = (y x2 )/2 and
− −√
v = (x2 +y)/2. Then the images under T −1 are (1, 1) (0, 1); (1, 3) (1, 2); ( 2, 2) −→ −→ −→
14.9. CHANGE OF VARIABLES IN MULTIPLE INTEGRALS 201
(0, 2).
3. The uv-corner points (0 , 0), (2, 0), (2, 2) correspond to y

−
xy-points (0, 0), (4, 2), (6, 4).
⇒
v = 0 : x = 2u, y = u = y = x/2
y
y=x/2
y=14-3x
− ⇒
u = 2 : x = 4 + v, y = 2 3v =
− −
y = 2 3(x 4) = 3 + 14 − x
− ⇒ −
v = u : x = 3u, y = 2u = y = 2x/3 v=u
u=2
S y=-2x/3
v=0 x
4. Solving for x and y we see that the y y
transformation is x = 2u/3 + v/3, y = v=5

x+2y=5
− u/3 + v/3 > The uv-corner points x-y=-1
− −
( 1, 1), (4, 1), (4, 5), ( 1, 5) correspond u=-1 S u=4
−
to the xy-points ( 1/3, 2/3), (3, 1), − x
(13/3, 1/3), (1, 2). v = 1 : x + 2y = 1; v=1 x+2y=1 x-y=4
v = 5 : x + 2y = 5; x
−
u = 1 : x y = 1; − −
u= 4: x y= 4 −
5. The uv-corner points y y
(0.0), (1, 0), (1, 2),

v=2
(0, 2) correspond to the
u=0 u=1 x=y2/4-4
xy-points (0, 0), (1, 0), x=1-y2
− −
( 3, 2), ( 4, 0). v=0 x
y=0
v = 0 : x = u 2 , y = 0 = y = 0 and 0
⇒ x ≤ ≤1 x
u = 1 : x = 1 v2 , y = v = x = 1 y2
v = 2 : x = u 2 2 4, y = 2u = x = y 2 /4 4
−−− ⇒⇒⇒
u = 0 : x = v , y = 0 = y = 0 and 4 x
− − −≤ ≤ 0
6. The uv-corner points (1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2), y

(1, 2) correspond to the xy-points (1, 1), y
(2, 1), (4, 4), (2, 4). y=4
v = 1 : x = u, y = 1 = y = 1, 1 ⇒ ≤ y=x2
≤
x 2
v=2 y=x2/4
u = 2 : x = 2v, y = v 2 = y = x2 /4
⇒ u=1 S u=2
v = 2 : x = 2u, y = 4 = y = 4, 2⇒ ≤ y=1
v=1
≤
x 4
x
x
u = 1 : x = v, y = v 2 = y = x 2⇒
ve−u e−u
7.
∂ (x, y)
=
 −  = −2v
∂ (u, v) ve u eu
3e3u sin v e3u cos v

8.
∂ (x, y)
=
  = −3e6u
∂ (u, v) 3e3u cos v −e3u sin v
2
2y/x3 1/x2
∂ (u, v)
 −  − 3yx4 −3( xy2 )2 = −3u2 ; ∂ (x, y) 1 1
9.
∂ (x, y)
=
− y 2 /x2 2y/x
= =
∂ (u, v)
=
−3u2 = − 3u2
2(y 2 x2 ) − 4xy −
∂ (u, v) x2 + y 2 ) 2 (x2 + y 2 )2 4
10. ∂ (x, y) = 4xy 2(y 2 x2 ) = (x2 + y 2 )2 −
 
(x2 + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2
 
From u = 2x/(x2 + y 2 ) and v = 2y(x2 + y 2 ) we obtain u2 = v 2 = 4/(x2 + y 2 ). Then
−
x2 + y 2 = 4/(u2 + v 2 ) and ∂ (x, y)/∂ (u, v) = (x2 + y 2 )2 /4 = 4/(u2 + v 2 )2 .
11. (a) The uv-corner points (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) y
y
correspond to the xy-points (0 , 0), (1, 0), (0, 1),
(0, 0). v=1
v = 0 : x = u, y = 0 = y = 0, 0 x ⇒ ≤ ≤1 y=1-x
u=0 S u=1 x=0
−
u = 1 : x = 1 v, y = v = y = 1 x ⇒ −
v = 1 : x = 0, y = u = x = 0, 0 y ⇒ ≤ ≤1 v=0 x
y=0 x
u = 0 : x = 0, y = 0
(b) Since the segme nt u = 0, 0 v ≤ ≤ 1 in the uv -plane maps to the srcin in the xy -plane, the
transformation is not one-to-one.
12.
∂ (x, y)
=

−v v 1
 ≤ v ≤ 1.
∂ (u, v) −u u = u. The transformation is 0 when
  u is 0, for 0
13. R1 : x + y = −1 =⇒ v = −1 y
y
R4
R2 : x − 2y = 6 =⇒ u = 6 R3
R3 : x + y = 3 =⇒ v = 3 R S
R4 : x − 2y = −6 =⇒ u = −6
  R1
x x
∂ (u, v) 1 −2 ∂ (x, y) 1 R2
= = 3 =⇒ =
∂ (x, y) 1 1 ∂ (u, v) 3
  1  = 1 3 6 vdudv =  
R (x + y)dA =
v( )dA
S 3 3 −1 −6
 3
1 3 1
(12) −1 vdv = 4( )v 2
3
 2
= 16
−1
− ⇒
14. R1 : y = 3x + 3 = v = 3 y
y
− ⇒
R2 : y = x π = u = π
− ⇒
R3 : y = 3x + 6 = v = 6
R4
R4 : y = x = u = 0⇒ S
∂ (u, v) 1
 1 −
=4 = ⇒

∂ (x, y)
=
1
∂ (x, y) 3 1
 ∂ (u, v)
 4 R x
R1
1
 cos (x y)
2
− cos u/2 1

dA = ( )dA
R 3x + y S v 4
6 π 6 π x
1 cos u/2 1 2sin u/2
=4 v dudv = 4 v dv
3 0
3
 0
6 6

1 dv 1 1
=
 = ln v = ln 2
2 3 v 2 3 2
15. R1 : y = x 2 = u = 1 ⇒ y y
R2 : x = y 2 = v = 1 ⇒
1
R3 : y = x2 = u = 2 ⇒ R4
2 R1 R R3 S
1
R4 : x = y 2 = v = 2 ⇒ R2
2
x2 /y2
∂ (u, v)
=

2x/y −
=3

∂ (x, y) y 2 /x2
− 2y/x x x
∂ (x, y) 1
=⇒ ∂ (u, v)
=
3
2 2
y 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
R x dA = S v( 3 )dA = 3 1 1 vdudv = 3 1 vdv = 6 v =2
    
1
16. R1 : x2 + y 2 = 2y = v = 1 ⇒ y
R2 : x2 + y 2 = 2x = u = 1 ⇒ y
R3 : x2 + y 2 = 6y = v = 1/3 ⇒
R4 : x2 + y 2 = 4x = u = 1/2 ⇒ R4
2(y2 x2 )
 − 4xy − 
∂ (u, v) 2 2 2 2 2 2 R S
= (x + y ) (x + y ) R1
R3
2(x2 y 2 )
∂ (x, y)
 −
4xy − R2

(x2 + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2 x
x
= 2
4 −
(x + y 2 )2
Using u 2 + v 2 = 4/(x2 + y 2 ) we see that ∂ (x, y)/∂ (u, v) = 4/(u2 + v 2 )2 . −
2 2 −3 dA =
R (x + y )
4
S ( u2 + v 2 )
−3 4
(u2 + v 2 )2
dA =
1 1 1
| −
16 1/3 1/2
(u2 + v 2 )dudv =
| 115
5184
   
y y
17. R1 : ⇒
2xy = c = v = c
R2 : −x2 y 2 = b = u = b
⇒ d d
R3 : ⇒
2xy = d = v = d S
R4 : −x2 y 2 = a = u = a
⇒ c R3 R c
R4
∂ (u, v) = 2x −2y = 4(x2 + y 2 ) R1 R2

∂ (x, y) 2y 2x
 
a b a b
x x
=⇒ ∂∂ (x, y)
(u, v)
=
1
4(x2 + y 2 )
2 1 1 d b 1
+ y 2 )dA = 2 + y 2)
 R (x
 S (x 4(x2 + y 2 )
dA =
4

c a
dudv =
4
(b − a)(d − c)
18. R1 : xy = 2 = v = 2− ⇒ −
R2 : x2 y 2 = 9 = u = 9
− ⇒ R3
R3 : xy = 2 = v = 2 ⇒ R
R2
R4 : x2 y 2 = 1 = u = 1
 − ⇒  2 4
x
y
∂ (u, v) 2x 2y −
= = 2(x2 + y 2 ) R1
S
∂ (x, y) y x
x
∂x,y ) 1
  ⇒ = ∂ (u, v) = 2(x2 + y 2 )
 
1 1 2 9
(x2 + y 2 )sin xydA = (x2 + y 2 )sin v( )dA =
  sin vdudv
R S 2(x2 + y2) 2 −2 1
2
1

= 8sin vdv = 0
2 −2
y y
19. R1 : y = x2 = v + u = v u = u = 0
⇒ − ⇒
R2 : y = 4 x2 = v + u = 4 (v u)
− ⇒ − − R2
⇒
= v+u= 4 v+u= v= 2 − ⇒ R3 R 2
⇒ −
R3 : x = 1 = v u = 1 = v = 1 + u ⇒ S
  R1
1 1
∂ (x, y)
= 2 v u 2 v u =
−√ − 1 √ − −√ −
∂ (u, v) 1 1 v u
x x
 
 x
dA =
 √− v u
− √  1
dA
R y + x2 S 2v −
v u
1 2 1
1 1 1
=
 dvdu = [ln2 − ln(1 + u)]du
2 0 1+u v 2 0
1

1 1 1
=
2
ln 2
2
−
[(1 + u) ln(1 + u) − (1 + u)] =
2
ln 2 − 12 [2ln2 − 2 − (0 − 1)]
0
1 1
=
2 2
ln 2−
20. Solving x = 2u −
4v, y = 3u + v for
y
1 2
u and v we obtain u = x + y,
14 7
3 1
v= −14
x + y. The xy -corner points ( 4, 1),
7
− y
(0, 0), (2, 3) correspond to the uv-points S

(0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0).
 −  1
∂ (x, y) 2 4 x
= = 14
∂ (u, v) 3 1 x
1 1−u 1 1−u
1
  ydA = (3u + v)(14)dA = 14
 (3u + v)dvdu = 14
 (3uv + v 2 ) du
R S 0 0 0 2 0
1 1

1
− 52 u2 )du = (7u + 14u2 − 353 u3 ) 28
 = 14 ( + 2u =
0 2 0 3
21. R1 : ⇒
y = 1/x = u = 1 y y
R2 : y=x= v=1⇒ R4
R3 : ⇒
y = 4/x = u = 4 R3 S
R4 : ⇒
y = 4x = v = 4
  R1 R2
∂ (u, v) 2y
=
y
y/x 2
x
= ⇒ ∂∂(x,
=
y)
=
x
  − 
∂ (x, y)
y 4 dA =
1/x
1
u2 v 2 ( )dudv =
1
x (u, v)
 2y
4
u2 vdudv =
1
 4
1 3
u v dv =
1
4
 x
 4
63vdv
x
R S 2v 2 1 2 1 3 1 6 1
 4
21 2 315
= v =
4 1 4
22. Under the transfo rmation u = y + z, v = −y + z, w=x − y the parallelepiped D is mapped

to the parallelepiped E : 1 u 3, 1 v 1, 0 w
∂ (u,v,w )
0 1 1
  ≤ ≤
∂ (x,y,z ) 1
− ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 3.
∂ (x,y,z )
= 0 1 1 =2 =
 − ∂ (u,v,w )  ⇒
=
2
1 1 0 −
3 1 3
1  1
 (4z + 2x 2y)dV = − (2u + 2v + 2w) dV =
  (2u + 2v + 2w)dudvdw
D E 2 2 0 −1 1
3 1 3
 3
1 1
=
 (u2 + 2uv + 2uw) dvdw =
 int1−1 (8 + 4v + 4w)dvdw
2 0 −1 1 2 0
3 1 3
2 2 3
= (4v + v + 2vw) −1 dw = (8 + 4w)dw = (8w + 2w ) 0 = 42
 0
  0

23. We let u = y x and V=y+x.
− y
y
1
⇒ −
R1 : y = 0 = u = x, v = x = ⇒ v = −u S
R2 : x + y = 1 = v = 1 ⇒ R3
R2
 ⇒
R3 : x = 0 = u = y, v = y, =  ⇒v=u R1
x
∂ (u, v) 1 1 − x
∂ (x, y)
=
1 1
= 2 −
∂ (x, y) 1
=
⇒ ∂ (u, v)
=
2
−
e(y−x)/(y+x) dA =
 eu/v
− 
1
dA
R S 2
1 v 1 v
1 1
=
 eu/v dudv =
 veu/v dv
2 0 −v 2 0 −v
1  1
1 1
− e−1 ) 12 v2 1
=
 v(e − e−1)dv = (e = (e − e−1 )
2 0 2 0 4

−
24. We let u = y x and v = y. y y
⇒ − ⇒
R1 : y = 0 = v = 0, u = x = v = 0, 0 ≤u≤2
R2 : x = 0 = v = u⇒
R3 : y = x + 2 = u = 2⇒ R3

∂ (u, v)
=
1 1 −= 1= − ⇒

∂ (x, y)
= 1 − R R2 S
∂ (x, y)
 0 1 ∂ (u, v)
2 2 2
R1
ey −2xy+x dA = eu |−1| dA x x
R S
2 u 2  2
1 u 1 4
=
2
eu dvdu =
 2
ueu du = e
2
= (e − 1)
0 0 0 2 0 2
25. Noting that R2, R3, and R4 have equations y + 2x = y

−
8, y 2x = 0, and y + 2x = 2, we let u = y/x and
v = y + 2x.
⇒
R1 : y = 0 = u = 0, v = 2x = u = 0, 2 v 8 ⇒ ≤ ≤
R2 : y + 2x = 8 = v = 8⇒ y S
−
R3 : y 2x = 0 = u = 2 ⇒
R4 : y + 2x = 2 = v = 2⇒ R3
y/x 2 1/x
∂ (u, v)
=
− =
y + 2x
 R
R2
∂ (x, y) 2 1 x2
R4
2
=⇒ ∂∂ (x, y) = x
(u, v)

y + 2x
 R1 x x
x2
  − dA

R (6x + 3y)dA = 3 S (y + 2x)
y + 2x
=
3 S x2 dA

From y = ux we see that v = ux + 2x and x = v /(u + 2).
Then
8
v3
 2 8
3 S x2 dA = 3 0 2 v 2 (u+2) 2 dvdu = 0
 2
du =
 
(u + 2)2 2
2 
 2 du 504
504 0
(u + 2)2
= −
u+2 0
= 126.
y
−
26. We let u = x + y and v = x y. y
R1 : x + y = 1 = u = 1 ⇒ R4
R3
R2 : x y = 1 = v = 1 R
−
R3 : x + y = 3 = u = 3 ⇒ R1 R2
 −
R4 : x y = 1 = v = 1 − ⇒ − x x
∂ (u, v) 1 1 ∂ (x, y) 1
∂ (x, y)
=
1 1 − − ⇒
= 2=
∂ (u, v)
=
2
−
 (x + y)4 ex−y dA =

u4 ev
1
dA
− 
R S 2
3 1 3 1
1 1
=
 u4 ev dvdu =
 u4 ev du
2 1 −1 2 1 −1
3 3
e−1 e−1 242(e e−1
=
e −  u4 du =
e − u5
 =
−
=
121
(e − e−1 )
2 1 10 1 10 5
27. The image of the ellipse is the unit circle x2 + y 2 = 1. From

∂ (x, y)
=
 
5 0
= 15 we
∂ (u, v) 0 3
 
obtain
2π 1 2π 1
x2 y 2
 ( + )dA =
 (u2 + v 2 )15dA = 15
  r2 rdrdθ =
15
  r4 dθ
R 25 9 s 0 0 4 0 0
2π
15 15π
=
 dθ = .
4 0 2
∂ (x,y,z )
 sin ω cos θ ρ cos ω cos θ −ρ sin ω sin θ 
28. = sin ω sin θ ρ cos ω sin θ ρ sin ω cos θ
∂ (ρ,ω,θ)
cos ω
 ρ sin ω − 0

= cos ω(ρ2 sin ω cos ω cos2 θ + ρ2 sin ω cos ω sin2 θ) + ρ sin ω(ρ sin2 ω cos2 θ + ρ sin2 ω sin2 θ)
= ρ sin ω cos ω(cos2 θ + sin2 θ) + ρ2 sin3 ω(cos2 θ + sin2 θ) = ρ2 sin ω(cos2 ω + sin2 ω)
2 2
= ρ 2 sin ω
29. The image of the elli psoid x 2 /a2 + y 2 /b2 + z 2 /c2 = 1 under the transformation u = x/a, v =
4
y, w = z/c, is the unit sphere u 2 + v 2 + w 2 = 1. The volume of this sphere is π. Now
¯ 3
∂ (x,y,z )
a 0 0
 
= 0 b 0 = abc
∂ (u,v,w )  
0 0 c
and  
4 4
 dV =
 EabcdV  = abc
 dV  = abc π = πabc.
D E 3 3
30. Let u = xy and v = xy 1.4 . Then xy1.4 = c = ⇒ v = c; xy = b = ⇒ u = b; xy 1.4 = d = ⇒v=

d; xy = a = u = a. ⇒
∂ (u, v) y x 1.4 ∂ (x, y) 5
∂ (x, y) =
  y 1.4 1.4xy 0.4 = 0.4xy = 0.4v = ⇒ ∂ (u, v)d = 2v
 
d b
5 5 5
− a) dvv = 52 (b − a)(ln d − ln c)
dA = dA = dudv = (b

R S 2v c a 2v 2 c
Chapter 14 in Review
A. True/False
2 2
1. True; use e x −y = e x e−y and Problem 53 in Section 14.2
2. True
3. True
4. False; consider f (x, y) = x.
5. False; b oth the density funct ion and the lamina must be symmetric about an axis.
π 5π
6. True; the equation of the plane is θ = 4, θ= 4
CHAPTER 14 IN REVIEW 209
B. Fill in the Blanks

  5 
1. 8y3 − 5yx dx = (8xy 3 − 5y ln x) 5y +1 = 40y3 − 5y ln 5 − [8(y2 + 1)y3 − 5y ln(y2 + 1)]
 2
y 2 +1
2
= −8y5 + 32y3 + 5y ln y +1
y
2.16 3. square 4. II 5. f (x, 4) − f (x, 2)

a
√
b 1 x /a 2 2
√
c 1 x /a y /b
2 2 2 2
6.
  −a
√−
−b 1−x /a 2 2
 √− −
−c 1−x /a −y /b
2 2 2 2
ρ(x,y,z )dzdydx
4
 √x
7. 0 x/2 f (x, y)dydx y
y=x
1 y=x/2
1 4
8. x = 6 sin(5π/3) cos(5π/6)
√
= 9 /2; y = 6 sin(5π/3) sin(5π/6) = −3 3/2; z = 6 cos(5π/3) = 3
x
√
The point is (9 /2, − 3 3/2, 3).
√ √ √
9. r = 2 sin(π/4) = 2; θ = 2π/3; z = 2 cos(π/4) = 2; ( 2, 2π/3, 2)
√
 4
√4−y
y
10. f (x, y)dxdy 4

0 −√4−y y=4-x2
1 x
11. z = r 2 ; ρ = cot φ csc φ

12. circle
C. Exercises
2 −4xy
− 5x + 1)dy = 12x−e4x = −5xy + y + c1 (x)
1. Holding x fixed,
 (12x2 e−4xy
= −3xe−4xy − 5xy + y + c1 (x)

2. Holding y fixed,
 1
dx =
ln 3xy + 4
+ c2 (y)
| |
4 + 3xy 3y
 y
3.
3
y 2 sin xydx = −y cos xy|yy 3 = y(cos y 4 − cos y2)
y
ex ex
x
− xy
4.
 dy = = x2 − x/ex
1/x y2 1/x

 2 2x  2 2x
5. yey−x dydx = (ye y−x − e y −x ) dx Integration by parts
0 0 0 0
 2
= (2xex
− ex + e−x)dx Integration by parts
0
2
= (2xex − 2ex − ex − e−x ) 0 = e 2 − e−2 + 4

4 4 4 4
  − 4    4
1 y 4 x x
− 12 ln(16 + x2 )
6.
 dydx =
 = dx = tan−1
0 x 16 + x2 0 16 + x2 x 0 16 + x2 16 + x2 4 0
=
 π
4 − 12 ln32  −  −  0 12 ln16 = π
4 + 12 (ln16 − ln32) = π
4 + 12 ln 12

1
√x 1 y   1 y
sin y sin y sin y
7.
 dydx =
 dxdy = x dy y
y=x
0 x y 0 y2 y 0 y y2 1 y=x
 1
= − y sin y)dy Integration by parts
(sin y 1 x
0
= (− cos y − s ∈ y + y cos y)|10 = (− cos1 − sin 1 + cos 1) − (−1) = 1 − sin1
 1/x e2
e2 1/x e2 e2 
1 1 1
− 12 ) = 23
8.
  ln xdydx =
 y ln x
 dx = ln xdx = (ln x)2 = (2x2
e 0 e  e x 2 e 2
0
   cos θ
 5 π/ 2 cos θ 5 π/ 2  5 π/ 2
9. 3r2 drdθdz = r3 dθdz = cos3 θdθdz
0 0 0 0  0 0 0
0
5 π/ 2 5 π/ 2
sin2 θ)cos θdθdz = − 13 sin3 θ
=
 −
0
5
0
(1
 0
sin θ
 0
dz
= 2/3dz = 10/3
0
   ln x
π/ 2
   sin x ln x π/ 2 sin x   π/ 2 sin x
10. ey dydxdz = ey dxdz = (x − 1)dxdz
π/ 4 0 0 π/ 4 0 π/ 4 0
=
  −  
π/ 2
1 2
x x
0
sin z
=
  π/ 2
1
sin 2 z − sin z
 dz
π/ 4
 2 0 π/ 4 2
 − 1 1
 − 
π/ 2
π π
√2 
=
4
z
8
sin 2z + cos z  =
8 16
− 18 + 2
π/ 4
=
π+2 8 2 − √
16
11. Using polar coorind ates,

r=8
2π 8 2π  8 2π
1 2
 5dA =
  5rdrdθ = 5
 r dθ = 5
 32dθ = 320π. 8 polar
R 0 0 0 2 0 0 axis
π 1+cos θ   π 1+cos θ r=1+cos θ

1 2
12. Using symmetry,
 dA = 2
 rdrdθ = 2 r dθ
R 0 0 0 2 0
π
= (1 + 2cos θ + cos2 θ)dθ 2 polar
0 axis
   π
1 1
= θ + 2 sin θ + θ + sin 2θ = 3π/2.
2 4  0
  1 y 2 +1  1  y2 +1 x=2y
y
13. (2x + y)dA = (2x + y)dxdy = (x2 + xy) dy
x=y2+1
R 0 2y 0 2y
 1
= [(y2 + 1)2 + (y 2 + 1)y − (4y2 + 2y2 )]dy x
0
 1

1 5 1 4
= (y 4 + y 3 − 4y2 + y + 1)dy = 5
y + y
4
− 43 y3 + 12 y2 + y  =
37
60
0
14. Substracting z = 6 −x −y from z = x + y, we obtain z

x + y = 3.
6−x−y 6 z=6-x-y
   3 3−x 6−x−y  3 3−x 
xdV = xdzdydx = xz dydx
R 0 0 x +y 0 0 x +y
x
3 3− 2
=
 (6x − 2x − 2xy)dydx

0 0
 − 3 3 −x

= (6xy 2x2 y − xy2 ) dx 3
0 0 y
 − 3 2
= [6x(3 x) − 2x2(3 − x) − x(3 − x)2 ]dx x
0
 − 3
= (9x 6x2 + x3 )dx
0
 −  3
9 2 1 27
= x 2x3 + x4 =
2 4  0 4
15. The circle x2 + y 2 = 1 intersects y = x at x = 1/ 2. The

√ y
circle x 2 + y 2 = 9 intersects
√
√ y√= x at x = 3/ 2. y=9-x
1/ 2 9−x 2
1 1
 dA =
  dydx
x 2 + y2 √ x2 + y 2
R 0 1−x 2
√ √
3/ 2 9−x2
1
+
  dydx y=x
1/ 2
√
x x2 + y 2
y x
16. The circles are r = 1 and r = 3; the line is θ = π/4.3  r=3
π/ 2 3 π/ 2
1 1
 dA =
 
rdrdθ = ln r dθ

2 2 2
R x +y π/ 4 1 r π/ 4  1 r=1
π/ 2
π
=
 ln 3dθ = ln 3
π/ 4 4 x
17.
y
y=x2
4
2 x
y=-x2
18. The region is symmetric with respect to the xz- and yz-
z=x2+y2
planes and is shown in the first octant.
1
1 y
√y y
 1 3  1 x  1 y=x
x
cos x2 dxdy = cos x2 dydx = y cos x2
19.

x3
dx 1
0 y 0 x3 0
 1 y=x3
= (x cos x2 − x3 cos x2 )dx
0 1 x
1
  1
1
= sin x2 = x2 (x cos x2 )dx
2 0 0
  1
1 1 2 1
= sin 1 − x sin x2 + cos x2
2 2 2 0
1
= sin 1 −
 1 1
sin1 + cos 1
1
−

2 2 2 2
=
1 cos1 −
2
20. The six forms of the integral are: 8

 2 4−2x  8−2x−y y+z=8
F (x,y,z )dzdydx;
2x+z=8
0 0 4
 4 2−y/ 2  8−2x−y
F (x,y,z )dzdxdy; 2x+y=4
0 0 4
8
 8−z  4−y/ 2−z/ 2
F (x,y,z )dxdydz;
4 0 0 y
 4 8 −y  4−y/ 2−z/ 2 x
F (x,y,z )dxdzdy;
0 4 0
 8 4−z/ 2  8−2x−z
F (x,y,z )dydxdz;
4 0 0
0 8−2x 8−2x−z
F (x,y,z )dydzdx.
0 4 0
 
√
 2 1 x−x2   − − 2 1
21. (4z + 1)dydxdz = (4z 1) x 2 dxdz
0 1/2 0 0 1/2
 2
  
1
1 1
2
= − − (4z + 1)
4
x
2
dxdz Trig substitution
0 1/2
2
  − − 1

= (4z + 1)
x 1/2
x x2 +
1
sin −1
x 1/2 − dz
0 2 8 1/2 
1/2
2 2
π π 5π
=
  − 
(4z + 1) 0 dz = (2z 2 + z) =
0 16 16 0 8
22. The region is the portion of the sphere of radius 1 centered at the srcin in the first octant
and the octant below that. Using spherical coordinates, we have
 1
√
1−x2 √ 1−x2 −y 2  
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )4 dzdydx =
π/ 2 π 1
ρ8 ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ
0 0
√
− 1−x −y 2 2
0 0 0
    
π/ 2 π
1 π/ 2 π
1 1 1
= ρ 1sin φ dφdθ = sin φdφdθ
0 0 11 0 0 11
=
1
 −    π/ 2
cos φ
π
dθ =
1
0
π/ 2
2dθ =
π
11  0 11 0 11
0
23. fx = y; fy = z, 1 + fx2 + x2y = 11 + x2 + y 2 . Using cylindrical coordinates,
2π 1 2π 1 2π
1 1
 √
− 1)dθ = 2π3 (2 2 − 1).
A=
  1 + r2 rdrdθ =
 (1 + r 2 )3/2 dθ =
 (23/2
0 0 0 3 0 3 0
√ √ 3
   − −  −  √
3
  −    − 3 3 3
2 2 2 3 2 6
24. V = 6 y dydx = 6y y dx = (18 6) 6x2 x dx
0 x 2 3 0 9   0 9
x2
√ √
  − 3
  −  √ − √ √ √ 3
2 2 7 6 48
= 12x 6x2 + x6 dx = 12x 2x3 + x = 12 3 6 3+ 3= 3
0 9 63 0 7 7
1 2x 1 2x 1
− x2 dydx = − x2 x2 dx
25. (a) V =
0
  
1
x
1
1
1
0
   y 1
x
dx =
 −0
x 1
= − − (1
 x2 )3/2 =
3 0 3
1
  − y   − 2 1
(b) V = 1 x2 dxdy + 1 x2 dxdy
0 y/ 2 1 y/ 2
26. We are given ρ = k(x2 + y 2 ).

x2 1
1 x  1 
1
m=
 k(x2 + y 2 )dydx = k x2 y + y 3 dx
0 x3 0 3  x3 y=x2
 1  y=x3
1 1 9
=k x4 + x− x5 − x dx
0 3 3 1
x
  1
1 5 1
=k
5
x + x7
21
− 16 x6 − 301 x10 =
k
21
0

1 x  1  x2  1 
1 1
− x6 − 13 x10
My =
 k(x3 + xy 2 )dydx = k x3 y + xy 3 dx = k x5 + x7 dx
0 x3 0 3  x3 0 3
  1
1 6 1
=k
6
x + x8
24
− 17 x7 − 331 x11  =
65k
1848
0
1 x  1  x2
1 2 2 1 4
Mx =
 k(x2 y + y 3 )dydx = k x y + y dx
0 x3 0 2 4  x3
1
1 6 1 8
=k
2
x + x
4
− 12 x8 − 14 x12 dx
0
1 13 1 20k
 
1 7 1 9
− −
 
=k x x x =
14 36 52 0 819 
65k/1848 20k/819
x = My /m = = 65/88; y = M x /m = = 20/39
k/21 k/21
1 x2  1  x2
1
27. Iy =
 k(x4 + x2 y 2 )dydx = k x4 y + x2 y 3 dx
0 x3 0 3  x3
 1   1

1
=k x6 + x8
3
− x7 − 13 x11 dx = k
1 7
7
1
x + x9
27
− 18 x8 − 361 x12 =
41
1512
k
0 0
28. (a) Using symmetry,
V =8
 a
√
a2 −x2 √ a2 −x2 −y2
dzdydx = 8
 a
√
a2 −x2  a2 − x2 − y2 dydx
0 0 0 0 0
Trig substitution
√
a 2 2 a2 x2 a 2 2
a2 x2 y2 x sin−1
=8
  − − − y
2
+a
2
√a2y− x2  − dx = 8
 πa
2 2
−
x dx
0 0 0
 −  a
1 3 4 3
= 2π a2 x x = πa
 3 0 3
(b) Using symmetry, √
  2π   a a2 −r 2 2π a 
V =2 rdzdrdθ = 2 r a2 − r2 drdθ
0 0 0 0 0
2π
 − −   a 2π
1 2 2 4 3
=2 (a r2 )3/2 dθ = a3 dθ = πa
0 3 0 3 0 3
2π π a 2π π  a
1 3
(c) V =
    ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ = ρ sin φ dφdθ
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
2π π 2π π
  2π
1 1 1 4 3
=
   − a3 sin φdφdθ = a3 cos φ dθ = 2a3 dθ = πa
3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 3
29. We use spherical coordinates.

   2π π/ 4 3sec φ
V = ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ
0 tan−1 1/2 0
3sec φ

2π π/ 4
1 3
=
0 tan−1 1/2 3 
0
2π π/ 4 2π π/ 4
1
=
  27 sec3 φ sin φdφdθ = 9
  tan φ sec2 φdφdθ
3 0 tan−1 1/2 0 tan−1 1/2
2π π/ 4 2π
1 2 9 1
=9 tan φ dθ = 1 dθ = 8π
−1
0 tan 1/2 0
 2
  −  2 9
 2
2π π/ 6 2 2π π/ 6
1 2
30. V =
   ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ =
0 0 1 0 0 3  1
   2π π/ 6  2π π/ 6 2π  π/ 6
8 1 7 7
= sin φ −
 
sin φ dφdθ = sin φdφdθ =
 − cos φ dθ
0 0 3 3 3 0 0 3 0 0
=
7
 − √ − − 2π
3
( 1) dθ =
  √ 7
1 − 3
2π =
7π
(2 −
√
3)
3 0 2 3 2 3
y
y
31. x = 0 = ⇒ u = 0, v = −y2 =⇒ u = 0, −1 ≤ v ≤ 0 1 1
x= 1= ⇒ u = 2y, v = 1 − y2 = 1 − u2 /4
x= 1= ⇒ u = 2y, v = 1 − y2 = 1 − u2 /4 1
y=0= ⇒ u = 0, v = x2 2=⇒ u = 0,2 0 ≤ v ≤ 1 1
x x
y=1= ⇒ u = 2x, v = x − 1 = u /4 − 1 -1
∂ (u, v) 2y 2x
= = 4(x2 + y 2 )
∂ (x, y)
 2x −2y − 
∂ (x, y) 1
=⇒ =−
∂ (u, v) 4(x2 + y 2 )
√ − 1   2 1−u2 /4
1
 (x2 + y 2 )
 3
x2 + y 2 dA =
 (x2 + y 2 ) v 3
dA =
 v 1/3 dvdu
R S 4(x2 + y 2 )
  4 0 u2 /4−1
2  1−u2 /4 2
1 3 4/3 3
=
 v du =
 (1 − u2 /4)4/3 − (u2 /4 − 1)4/3
 du
4 0 4 u2 /4−1 16 0
2
3
=
 (1 − u2 /4)4/3 − (1 − u2 /4)4/3
 du = 0
16 0
y v
32. y = x = ⇒ u + uv = v + uv2 =⇒ v = u 2 2
x= 2= ⇒ u + uv = 2 =⇒ v = (2 − u)/u
y=0= ⇒ v = 0 or u = −1  
∂ (x, y) 1−w u
we take v = 0 = =1 +u+v R
∂ (u, v) v 1+u
2
x 2
u
 
Using x = u + uv and y = v + uv we find
(x − y)2 = (u + uv − v − uv)2 = (u − v)2 = u2 − 2uv + v2

x + y = u + uv + v + uv = u + v + 2uv
(x + y)2 + 2(x + y) + 1 = u 2 + 2uv + v 2 + 2(u + v) + 1 = ( u + v)2 + 2(u + v) + 1 = ( u + v + 1)2 .
Then
1 2/(1+v)
1 1
 dA =
 (u + v + 1)dA =
 dudv
R (x y)2 + 2(x + y) + 1 S u+v+1 0 v
− 1 1
 =
 2
−
 
v dv = 2 ln(1 + v) − 12 v2
 = 2l n 2 − 12 .
0 1+v 
0

CSM Chapters14 PDF

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CSM Chapters14 PDF

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Chapter 14

2. With f (x, y) = 2x + 4y and ∆Ak = 1/4,

3. (a) With f (x, y) = x + y, and ∆Ak = 1,

 (x + y) dA ≈ (−2 + 1) + (−1 + 1) + (0 + 1) + (1 + 1) + ( −2 + 2) + (−1 + 2) + (0 + 2) + (1 + 2)

4. With f (x, y) = xy and ∆Ak = 1/4, 4

9. No, since x + 5y is negative at (3 , 1) which is in R. −

14.2 Iterated Integrals

x3 exy = x2 exy = x 2 (e3x − ex)

= y(x ln x − x)|1√y = y(0 − 1) − y(√y ln √y − √y) = −y − y√y

(1 + 2cos θ cos2 θ) dθ = (θ + 2 sin θ − − 4θ − 2sin2 θ)

54. xye −(2x dxdy = xe−2x ye −3y dxdy

14.3 Evaluation of Double Integrals

= 2[ − 13 (3 − x2 )3/2 − 13 (x2 + 1)3/2 ]  −1 x

= − 23 [(23/2 + 23/2 ) − (23/2 + 23/2 )] = 0

14. Using symmetry, y

18. Expressing y = −x2 + 3x and y = −2x + 4 as functions of y

19. The correct integral is ( c). √

20. The correct integral is (b).

21. Setting z = 0 we have y = 6 − 2x. 6−2x

22. Setting z = 0 we have y ± 2. 2

see that this surface (plane) intersects the xy-plane in the

24. Setting z = 0 we have y = 3. Using symmetry, y

25. Note that z3= 2 2 y

27. In the ﬁrst octant z = 6/y is positive. Then y

28. Setting z = 0, we have x 2 /4 + y 2 /16 = 1. Using symmetry, y

29. Note that z = 4 y 2 is positive for y

30. From z = 1 x2 and z = 1 y 2 we have 1 x2 = 1 y2 or

the plane y = x. Using symmetry,

32. Using symmetry,

(in the ﬁrst octant). Then

34. From 2z = 4 x2 y2 and z = 2

37. Solving y = e x for x, we obtain x = ln y. Thus, y

= ( xe−1/2 + x)dx = (1 − e−1/2 )xdx

= √ − 9 3y2 + sin −1 − 3√3 (6y2 − 9) 9 3y2 + sin−1

[cos2 π(b + y) cos2 π(a + y)]dy −

In this case, S1 = 0 and C1 = 0, so R cos 2π(x+y)dA = 0 and

Thus, either S12 + C 12 = 0, in which case S1 = C1 = 0, or S22 + C22 = 0, in which case

51. By Problem 50 (a) we have

14.4 Center of Mass and Moments

3. Since both the region and ρ are symmetric with respect to y

13. Using symmetry, y

19. Using symmetry, y

21. (a) Using symmetry,

14.5 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

3. Solving r = 2sin θ and r = 1, we obtain sin θ = 1/2 or

12. The interior of the upper-half circle is traced from θ = 0 1

13. In polar coordinates the line x = 3 becomes r cos θ = 3 or √

15. The density is ρ = k/r.

π 2+2cos θ π 2+2cos θ   π 2+2cos θ

19. Solving a = 2a cos θ, cos θ = 1/2 or θ = π/3. The density a

20. Solving 1 = 2sin2 θ, we obtain sin 2 θ = 1/2 or θ = π/12

  5π/ 12 2sin2 θ   5π/ 12 2sin2 θ

21. From Problem 17, Ix = kπa 4 /4. By symmetry, Iy = Ix .

  −    −  2 sin θ csc θ

C rD(r)dA = 2d2 − d(R−2 (R

14.6 Surface Area

2. We see from the graph in Problem 1 that the plane is

and 0 ≤ y ≤ 5, z.0. Thus, the surface is entirely above the

4. The region in the xy -plane beneath the surface is bounded

5. Letting z = 0 we have x2 + y 2 = 4. Using

6. The surfaces x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and z 2 = x2 + y 2 intersect

7. Using f (x, y) = z = 25 x2 y2 we have

8. In the ﬁrst octant, the graph of z = x 2 y 2 intersects the xy-