Geologi Fisik (110D6203)

Ruang Lingkup Geologi

Dosen: Meinarni Thamrin

Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan Jurusan

Teknik Geologi Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Hasanuddin
2016
9/26/201
Mey 1
6
 RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

9/26/201
Mey 2
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 1
GEOLOGI
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin,
structure, composition, and history (including the
development of life), and the nature of the processes
which have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of

Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan:
• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi
berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.
9/26/201
Mey 3
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 2
GEOLOGI
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Mengikuti pendidikan kebumian

• Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:
– Perpustakaan termasuk internet
– Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi
– Lapangan (Obyek Geologi)
• Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalam
menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perlu
dilakukan:
– Observasi (pengamatan),
– Analisis, dan
– Sintesis
9/26/201
Mey 4
6
3
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP
GEOLOGI
 Perhatikan
• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke
perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan
(survey)!

9/26/201
Mey 5
6
1 - RUANG LINGKUP MODUL 4
 RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

9/26/201
Mey 6
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 5
GEOLOGI
 The Branches of Geology
 Physical Geology
 Petrology
 Geomorphology
 Structural Geology
 Sedimentology
 Mineralogy
 Economic Geology
 Geochemistry
 Isotope Geology
 Historical Geology
MeyApplied Geology 9/26/201
6
7
Ilmu-ilmu terkait / Aplikasi Ilmu Geologi
TEKNIK PERTANIAN
TEKNIK
PANAS BUMI
TEKNOLOGI
PERTAMBANGAN DLL
TEKNIK INDUSTRI
PERMINYAKAN SIPIL PARIWISATA
GEOLOGI
GEOARKEOLOGI
GEOLOGI
BAHANGALIAN
ILMU-ILMU
PANASBUMI
TERAPAN
DLL

MINYAK BUMI, TEKNIK PLANOLOGI, LINGKUNGAN &

Rekayasa Lingkungan
METEOROLOGI PEDOLOGI
ILMU-ILMU
DASAR GEOLOGI
KEBUMIAN BIOLOGI
9/26/201
Mey 8
HIDROLOGI 6
6
STATISTIKA MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP
ILMU-ILMU GEOLOGI
 Ilmu-ilmu antara
GEOFISIKA FISIKA
GEOKIMIA KIMIA
GEOSTATISTIKA STATISTIKA
GEOLOGI GEOHIDROLOGI HIDROLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI BIOLOGI
GEOWISATA PARIWISATA
GEOARKEOLOGI ARKEOLOGI
DLL

Pertanyaan:
• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?
9/26/201
Mey 9
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 7
GEOLOGI
Cabang-cabang geologi
GEOLOGI
GEOMORFOLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI
MINERALOGI GEOLOGI
STRUKTUR
STRATIGRAFI PETROLOGI TEKTONIKA
VOLKANOLOGI

GEOLOGI
SEJARAH

SPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI SEDIMENTOLOGI DLL

Pertanyaan: 9/26/201
Mey 10
6
• Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang geologi? MODUL 1 - RUANG
8 LINGK
GEOLOGI
 RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

9/26/201
Mey 11
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 9
GEOLOGI
GEOSPHERE

Initially, … it was an homogenous material

9/26/201
Mey 12
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 10
GEOLOGI
 GEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

HYDROSPHERE SOLID EARTH

Diversifications … 9/26/201
Mey 13
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 11
GEOLOGI
GEOSPHERE Dynamic equilibrium

ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

9/26/201
Mey 14
6
HIDROSPHERE MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP SOLID EARTH 12
GEOLOGI (LITHOSPHERE TO CORE)
 RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

9/26/201
Mey 15
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 13
GEOLOGI
 Why Study Geology?
Because geology is all around us.
• 1. Geological Resources
• 2. “The Environment” Environmental
• 3. Geological Hazards Geology
(Changes posing risks)
• 4. Engineering
• 5. Landforms and Surface Processes
• 6. Historical Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
9/26/201
Mey 16
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 14
GEOLOGI
 Why Study Geology?
1. Geological Resources
– The Cradle of
Civilization (Fertile
Crescent)
– Development limited
by availability, e.g.,
soil, water, energy
– Conflicts based on
resources, e.g., http://encarta.msn.com/
water, minerals, oil…
9/26/201
Mey 17
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 15
GEOLOGI
The Cradle of Civilization
Sprung from geology of the region

Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/ 9/26/201
Mey 18
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 16
GEOLOGI
 Misuse of Resources
2. The Environment
These Maps illustrate the
Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top)
and 2000 (bottom).
Permanent marshlands,
pictured in green, have shrunk
90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United Nations

Mey
Environment Program 9/26/201
19
6
17
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP
GEOLOGI
 Misuse of Geologic Resources
Desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
2. The Environment

9/26/201
Mey 20
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 18
http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm
GEOLOGI
Overuse of Geologic Resources
2. The Environment (Geology in the News)
• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class
and the environment won’t sustain this
standard of living (Worldwatch Institute
2004)

• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is

accelerating global warming
• Climate change is accelerating melting of
glaciers and driving mass extinctions
(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation,
Leeds University, UK)
9/26/201
Mey 21
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 19
GEOLOGI
 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003
San Andreas Fault

3. Geologic Hazards
• Two die in 6.5
magnitude
Earthquake near
San Lois Obispo
California
• Earthquake triggers
mudslides 9/26/201
Mey 22
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 20
GEOLOGI
Assessing Risk
“Major Quake Likely to
Strike San Francisco
Bay Region Between
2003 and 2032”

3. Geologic Hazards
• Assessing Risks
• Avoiding Risks
• Preventing
Damage
9/26/201

• Predicting Impact
Mey 23
6
MODULhttp://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/
1 - RUANG LINGKUP 21
GEOLOGI
Earthquake Photos
from AP
Bam, Iran
• A Magnitude 6.5
Earthquake hits a
stone- and mud-
house city of
100,000 in Iran 12-
26-03
– 30,000 Dead
– 30,000 Refugees
• US sends aid and
releases sanctions
• Relations improved
Mey
9/26/201
6
24
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 22
GEOLOGI
 3. Geological Hazards
Volcanoes

Landslides

Earthquakes

9/26/201
Mey 25
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 23
GEOLOGI
 4. Geology in Engineering
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the

geology that forms and controls the slope
Mey
9/26/201
6
26
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 24
GEOLOGI
Geology in mining Engineering

9/26/201
Mey 27
6
Geology in Mining Engineering

28

Mey 9/26/201
6
 Geology in Engineering

The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

In Pisa the tilted one is back in
business after an 11-year effort
to keep it from collapsing
Committee member John
Burland, an engineer,
promoted soil extraction as the
best way to save the tower.

Engineers use knowledge of

geology to design, protect
Mey
9/26/201
29
6
and correct structures
MODUL 1-
RUANG LINGKUP www.smithsonianmag.si.edu 25
GEOLOGI
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
H.C. Berann (1915-1999)
Yosemite National Park, 1987

• Glaciers
• Mass Wasting

• Streams

• Shorelines
• Deserts
• Groundwater
http://www.berann.com
Mey
9/26/201
30
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 26
GEOLOGI
 Sub Disciplines
Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology

• Environmental Geology
– Environmental Sciences: how we influence
the earth
– Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us
• Engineering Geology
– Geologic Materials
– Foundations
Mey – Geotechnical engineering 9/26/201
6
31
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 27
GEOLOGI
 Sub Disciplines (cont.)
• Geological Resources
– Locating and characterizing amounts and quality
– Extracting and
– Understanding environmental effects of
extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of
resources
• Historical Geology
– Deciphering Earth History and
– Evolution of life
9/26/201
Mey 32
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 28
GEOLOGI
Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?
• …
• …
• …

9/26/201
Mey 33

• …
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 29
GEOLOGI
I WONDER
• There are many diversifications in the
world, but they have been being maintained
in a single magnificent system and under
dynamic equilibrium.

9/26/201
Mey 34
6
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 30
GEOLOGI
1.FAMOUS GEOLOGISTS

 Georgius Agricola (Georg Bauer, 1494-

1555) was a German scientist who is
also thought of by many as the "father of
mineralogy.
 Nicolaus Steno (Niels Stensen; 1638-1686) was a
Danish geologist and anatomist. In 1669, he determined
that the so-called "tonguestones" sold on the
Mediterranean island of Malta as good luck charms were
actually fossilized sharks' teeth. He also developed what
is cal1ed Steno's law, or the principle of superposition.
This theory says that in any given rock layer, the bottom
rocks are formed first and are the oldest.
9/26/201
Mey 35
6
2. FAMOUS GEOLOGISTS
 Abraham Gottlob Werner (1750-1817) was a
German geologist and mineralogist who first
classified minerals systematically based on
their external characteristics.
 Sir Henry Thomas de la Beche (1796-1855)
was an English geologist who established the
Geological Survey in Britain, officially
recognized in 1835, when de la Beche was
appointed director. He was also internationally
known for his geological studies of the United
Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Jamaica.
9/26/201
Mey 36
6
3. FAMOUS GEOLOGISTS
 James Hutton (1726-1797) was a Scottish
natural philosopher, but his contribution to
geology was even more important: He is
considered by some to be the "father of modern
geology." Hutton was also an avid follower of
plutonism and the author of Theory of the
Earth, a book that emphasized several
fundamentals of geology.
 Charles Lyell (1779-1875) further developed
James Hutton's theories in his book The
Principles of Geology. He was one of the first
to describe geology asthe study of the Earth's
9/26/201
Mey composition, history, structure, and processes.
6
37
4. FAMOUS GEOLOGISTS
 James Hall (1811-1898) was an American geologist and
one of the first to establish an acceptable theory of
mountain building.
 James Dwight Dana (1813-1895) was an American
mineralogist who compiled a bookthat is still one of the
most respected works in mineralogy: Dana's Manual of
Mineralogy. First published in 1862, the book was only
one of Dana's to become a standard reference book in
geology. It covers most of the known minerals and
metals on Earth and includes their chemical formulas,
characteristics, uses, and sundry other useful
information.

9/26/201
Mey 38
6
5. FAMOUS GEOLOGISTS
 Norman Levi Bowen (1887-1956) he was one of the
greatest petrologist of the 20th century and developed
the idea of phase diagrams of common rock forming
minerals-the Bowen's Reaction Series is named after
him-thus providing scientists with information about
how to interpret certain rock formations.
The first Woman Geologist in America:
 Florence Bascom (1862-1945) to be the first woman
geologist in the United States, even though she was the
second woman to earn a Ph.D. in geology in the
country.
 Mary Holmes earned a Ph.D. in geology from the
University of Michigan in 1888
9/26/201
Mey 39
6
FAMOUS GEOLOGISTS
from Indonesia
 Prof J.A Katili (Guru besar Teknik Geologi ITB) 1940-?
 Prof Sukandarrumidi (Guru besar Teknik Geologi UGM)
 Prof R.P Kusumadinata (Ahli Geologi Migas ITB)
 Prof Emmy Suparkah (Guru besar Geologi wanita
pertama di Indonesia bidang petrologi)
 Prof Dwikorita Karnawati ( Guru besar Teknik Geologi
UGM bidang Geologi Teknik sekaligus Rektor UGM
(periode 2014-2018)
Penelitian tentang Geologi Indonesia 1949 dan
menghasilkan karya yang sangat terkenal Geology of
Indonesia dilakukan oleh seorang ahli geologi asal Belanda
van Bemmelen.

9/26/201
Mey 40
6
 THE END

9/26/201
Mey 41
6
 SEE YOU
the Next Week with
ANOTHER TOPICS

THANKS
9/26/201
Mey 42
6